MEMS Packaging Technologies and 3D Integration
This Special Issue introduces recent research results on MEMS packaging and 3D integration whose subjects can be divided as follow; three papers on biocompatible implantable packaging, three papers on interconnect, three papers on bonding technologies, one paper on vacuum packaging, and three papers on modeling and simulation.
Processing Foods to Design Structures for Optimal Functionality
This collection of papers provides a comprehensive knowledge on several food systems, focusing on composition, new processing technologies, material structures, interactions, and functionality and digestion characteristics. This will be an excellent source of information for students, academics and industry researchers.
Transitioning to Sustainable Life below Water
The ocean plays a central role in the life and development of human kind. Besides space for navigation and trade (roughly 10 billion tons of commodities are transported across the oceans each year), the provision of biological and non-living resources is the most important service of the marine ecosystems. Yet, these ecosystems are increasingly impeded by human activities and interventions. Human and naturally induced changes in climate are buffered by the ocean, but its capacity to compensate the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its limit. The increase of global temperatures and the decrease of oxygen concentration and pH are severe stressors for aquatic species and thus for the whole ecosystem. Urbanisation and population growth at the coast, along with severe levels of pollution, are stressing coastal environments and hampering or interrupting life cycles of species as well as the well established and naturally balanced internal interconnections within and between ecosystems. Mining for oil and gas is interfering with fisheries, competing for space with other sectors and increasing the risks for large scale pollution. The result is a decline in ecosystem services and a negative feedback into the socio-economic systems. The recent reports by IPBES and IPCC underline the degrading conditions in which the ecosystems are situated today. The IPBES report evaluates a number of direct and indirect drivers. Population increase, technical development, malfunctioning of governance and spreading of conflicts affect direct drivers such as sea use change, direct exploitation, climate change, pollution, invasive species and others.Following a series of summits and conventions that prompted the United Nations in recent decades, Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Johannesburg in 2002 and Rio+20 in 2012, all of which were rather land-based, the Sustainable Development Goals 2015 set a new landmark in which the ocean, too, was finally acknowledged as significant to global development. The Ocean Conference in New York in June 2017 led the international community to formulate clear goals for the development of the ocean. The volume Transitioning to Sustainable Life below Water will address critical issues in ocean use and reflect against goals and targets of SDG 14 and other relevant SDGs.
Use of Essential Oils and Volatile Compounds as Biological Control Agents
Essential oils (EOs) and microbial/plant-based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being used in an increasing number of sectors such as health, cosmetics, the food industry and, more recently, agronomy. In agronomy, they are employed as bio-herbicides and bio-pesticides due to their their insecticidal, antifungal, and bactericidal effects. Several EO-based bio-pesticides are already registered. Essential oils and other VOCs are 100% bio-based and present numerous additional advantages. They contain a great number of structurally diverse compounds that frequently act in synergy; they are thus less subject to resistance. As highly volatile compounds are found in EOs and VOCs, they typically cause no residue problems in food products or in soils. Indeed, the supply of EOs can be really challenging because they are frequently produced in restricted areas of the world with prices and chemical composition fluctuations. Besides, while the high volatility of EOs and VOCs is interesting for some specific applications, it can be a problem when developing a bio-pesticide with long lasting effects. Finally, EOs are frequently phytotoxic, which is perfect for herbicide formulations, but not for other applications. In both cases, the development of a proper formulation is essential. Owing to the current attraction for natural products, a better understanding of their modes of biological action is of importance for the development of new and optimal applications.
Cell and Molecular Biology for Non-Biologists
This book introduces the basics of cellular and molecular biology on a basic level including detailed explanations and examples. It lays the foundation for a systematic understanding of biology, which is essential in order to handle big data in biomedical research. Comprehension of what is measured, how it is measured and how to interpret results is a precondition for the development of novel therapies against diseases.Interdisciplinary research benefits from versatile approaches to generate and test hypotheses, which may lead to new discoveries. Therefore, it requires a new generation of biologists from diverse backgrounds - and they need this introduction.This book helps students and experts from e.g. computer science, informatics, mathematics, physics, and related fields or even if you are in sales and marketing and want to have a better understanding of the biology behind certain products.
Effects of Non-thermal Plasma Treatment on Plant Physiological and Biochemical Processes
The potential of cold plasma-based applications in sustainable agriculture is supported by numerous studies which have gathered experimental evidence that the plasma treatment of seeds, water or plants can be used to improve yields, increase the size and the robustness of plants and to reduce the need of antifungal agents, as well as other chemicals. However, the development of reliable and manageable agro-biotechnologies is ultimately based on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects. Despite considerable efforts, such knowledge still remains elusive. Recent breakthroughs in this area are strongly linked to recent discoveries in plant physiology and biochemistry related to topics of plant plasticity, adaptability, stress response and communication. Short plasma treatments of plant materials can induce various changes in plant development and metabolism that persist for a long time. We are only just beginning to understand how to use very complex molecular mechanisms for the mobilisation of plant resources and for the improvement in agricultural plant performance. It is likely that investigations of plasma-induced changes in plant physiological and biochemical processes may reveal new facts of both fundamental and applied importance. This Special Issue of Plants aims to present the most recent findings on changes in plant signal transduction, metabolism, development and physiological processes induced by the exposure of seeds or plants to cold plasma or plasma-activated water, leading to increased plant productivity.
Advance Nanomaterials for Biosensors
The book provides a comprehensive overview of nanostructures and methods used to design biosensors, as well as applications for these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields. Biological sensing has proven to be an essential tool for understanding living systems, but it also has practical applications in medicine, drug discovery, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, personal security, etc. In healthcare, advancements in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics are challenging current delivery models, while robust industrial sensors enable new approaches to research and development.Experts from around the world have written five articles on topics including: Diagnosing and treating intraocular cancers such as retinoblastoma; Nanomedicine in cancer management; Engineered nanomaterials in osteosarcoma diagnosis and treatment; Practical design of nanoscale devices; Detect alkaline phosphatase quantitatively in clinical diagnosis; Progress in the area of non-enzymatic sensing of dual/multi biomolecules; Developments in non-enzymatic glucose and H2O2 (NEGH) sensing; Multi-functionalized nanocarrier therapies for targeting retinoblastoma; Galactose functionalized nanocarriers; Sensing performance, electro-catalytic mechanism, and morphology and design of electrode materials; Biosensors along with their applications and the benefits of machine learning; Innovative approaches to improve the NEGH sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in real-time applications; Challenges and solutions in the field of biosensors.
Innovative Agrifood Supply Chain in the Post-COVID 19 Era
The world is changing rapidly in the age beyond Coronavirus. The current period of deprivation and anxiety, together with the coming global economic crisis, will usher in new consumer attitudes and behaviors that will change the nature of today's capitalism. There are signs today of a growing anti-consuming movement with five types of anti-consumerists: life simplifiers, degrowth activists, climate activists, food choosers, and conservation activists. Citizens will reexamine what they eat, how much they eat, and how all this is influenced by class issues and inequality. Consequently, the food supply chain network will have to change dramatically, adjusting to the new attitudes, perceptions and preferences of the consumers of a post-COVID-19 era. Innovation will play a vital role in modernizing the food supply chain to meet the new challenges of the upcoming global economy. The process "from farm to fork" as the holistic approach to the production and consumption of food will become a key factor for the sustainability and the progress of the food industry. This Special Issue is focused on 11 selected topics from different parts of the agrifood supply chain in view of the post-COVID-19 era expanding from innovative scientific insights and technological advances of natural resources, organic pollutants identification, new food product development, traceability, and packaging, chain management, to consumer's attitudes, and eating motivations, aiming to tackle the foreseen changes of global economy.
Marine Gels
This book is an effort to alert oceanographers to the remarkable predicting power of polymer physic laws to address the dynamics of marine biopolymers and gel formation in the ocean. It also aims to persuade polymer physicists that the ocean represents an urgent challenge for the survival of our planet, to convince them to respond not to the siren appeals from Mars, Jupiter, or distant galaxies, to which many countries remain invested, but to the urgent call of our own planet.This book is comprised of a short tutorial on the dynamics of polyelectrolytes, outlining the fundamental principles that govern marine polymer association, as a brief toolbox for oceanographers to approach macromolecular dynamics, as well as a set of minireviews that invite polymer physicists to tackle the many fundamental questions requiring urgent attention in marine macromolecular dynamics. This double aim of the book will certainly bring colleagues and students to a new frontier on marine gel chemistry, physics, microbiology, atmospheric science, and the still pending critical question of the role of gels on marine carbon cycling.
Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products
Dear colleagues, This Special Issue aims to publish new and innovative research that could demonstrate the therapeutic potential of natural health products, through relevant in vitro and/or in vivo biological activities, to prevent or alleviate degenerative diseases. The interaction of natural health products with human microbiota represents an essential aspect, because it could modulate the microbial pattern and alleviate more of a chronic disease's effects in the case of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular dysfunctions, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory colon pathologies. Additionally, you are invited to send research based on the effect of different extracts or functional foods used in degenerative pathologies and interactions with human microbiota. We aim to identify new data on in vitro/in vivo research that could demonstrate the bioavailability of natural compounds and the relationship with antioxidant/antimicrobial capacity. Modulated microbiota aspects are expected to be published based on the interaction with natural compounds, natural sweeteners, or other molecules that influence the colon health status.
Optimising Soilless Culture Systems and Alternative Growing Media to Current Used Materials
This book represents a Special Issue collection called: "Optimising Soilless Culture Systems and Alternative Growing Media to Current Used Materials". Nine original papers, one review, and an Editorial from 41 authors from different countries were published in this Special Issue. New strategies and technologies, including new sustainable raw materials, should be continually developed to solve specific cultivation limitations, optimise existing systems, reduce related environmental impacts, and address the impacts of climate change.
New Traits of Agriculture/Food Quality Interface
There is a close link between food and territory. The current challenges are located in precision agriculture and food metrology from the perspective of monitoring and improving food quality, and addressing the promotion of diversity of agroecosystems and diets. Research studies describing factors affecting food quality-such as agronomic conditions, post-harvest elicitors, cultivar selection, harvest date, or environmental influences-are welcome. Sustainable environmental and innovative practices should be promoted. Advanced techniques, such as mass spectrometry, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy in the monitoring and control of foodstuffs to model the agrofood system should be considered. Innovative green technologies should be taken into account. Targeting food approaches should be promoted. Chemometrics applications are welcome. This issue promotes highly interdisciplinary studies, including disciplines from agriculture and biology, chemistry, and nutrition. All types of articles, such as original research, opinions, and reviews, are welcome.
The Role of PPARs in Disease
This reprint combines recent original manuscripts and reviews covering the multiple functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in physiology and pathophysiology. Potential applications and limitations of PPAR agonists and antagonists are discussed. All original contributions were published in Cells.
Adaptation of the Root System to the Environment
This book is a collection of fundamental and applied research on the plant root response to environmental clues. In particular, the continued adaptation of both fine and coarse roots to modifications due to natural and anthropogenic causes were investigated from different viewpoints. Additionally, specific root traits were investigated as an optimal indicator of responses to the environment at the whole-plant level. Aspects such as an innovative methodological approach, the root morphology, gene expression, and primary and secondary metabolite concentrations were at the center of the investigations conducted in this collection.
Detection of Residual Pesticides in Foods
Pesticides are used worldwide, and despite the fact that organic farming is increasing, they are still widely applied in different countries with pesticide regulations and monitoring programs. This Special Issue will cover the topic of the presence of pesticide residues in food, paying special attention to the use of modern analytical techniques based on chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. Generic extraction methods are needed to allow the detection of pesticides with different physic-chemical properties, as well as different families of contaminants can be extracted simultaneously. Nevertheless, pluriresidue methods are still necessary for "orphan" compounds that cannot be included in multiresidue methods. Thus, in addition to targeted pesticides, the scope of this analysis can be increased and nowadays, metabolites are also detected, evaluating the degradation of pesticide residues in different food matrices.
Genetic and Phenotypic Variation in Tree Crops Biodiversity
Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of DNA-derived data and innovative phenotyping to obtain insights into the causative genes underlying traits of agronomical interest or to characterize tree genetic resources. The latter, in particular, could represent an important source of genetic diversity that can be readily used to enhance the adaptability to limiting environmental factors and resistance to biotic stresses or to promote novel genotypes with improved agronomic traits. On the whole, the studies collected in this book report on tree crop biodiversity characterization that could provide the essential building blocks to ensure future improvements in production and quality, as well as for innovations in tree crop development and utilization.
Multiprotein Complexes
This volume explores strategies and detailed protocols for the preparation of macromolecular complexes and their characterization in view of structural analysis. The chapters in this book are separated into three parts: Part One focuses on sample preparation, and covers strategies for recombinant expression of multiprotein complexes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts, for genome engineering using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and for production of specific binders such as reformatted antibodies and artificial binding proteins. Part Two looks at the biophysical methods that can provide useful indicators for sample optimization, and often complement structural information obtained with core technologies for structure determination--x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy--by quantitative solution data. Part Three discusses the characterization of multiprotein complexes in a cellular environment using the latest technologies and in vivo approaches. Written in the highly successfulMethods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and authoritative, Multiprotein Complexes: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for structural and molecular biologists who need to prepare multi-components for their applications, and for other scientists working on macromolecular assemblies from other angles that need to know the latest approaches that the field has to offer.
Nanopore Technology
This detailed collection explores techniques involved in the main strategies of nanopore sensing, such as translocation, analyte trapping, and interactions with external binding sites. Opening with a section on nanopore design and nanopore production, the book continues with parts devoted to various biological nanopores, nanopore engineering, and their uses in single molecule sensing, computational methods to study intrinsic nanopore behavior, characterizing the specific translocation activity of a vesicle particle through a nanopore, as well as the use of the technique droplet interface bilayer (DIB) in nanopore and membrane biophysical studies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Nanopore Technology: Methods and Protocols, with its focus on nanopore technology and biomolecule characterization, will hold the interest of the biophysicists, biochemists, bioengineers, and molecular biologists who are working toward further understanding this key field of research.
Supramolecules in Drug Discovery and Drug Delivery
1. Application of Neutralization and Freeze-Drying Technique for the Preparation of the Beneficially in the Drug Delivery 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complexes with Bioactive Molecules Eirini Christodoulou, Dimitrios Ntountaniotis, Georgios Leonis, Thomas Mavromoustakos, and Georgia Valsami 2. Functionalized Carbon Nanohorns as Drug Delivery Platforms Anastasios Stergiou and Nikos Tagmatarchis 3. Ultrasonics-Assisted Effective Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Whole Organs Burak Derkus and Emel Emregul 4. Aggregate Determination by Permeation Technique Phennapha Saokham and Thorsteinn Loftsson 5. Study of Candesartan Cilexitil:2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Interactions: A Computational Approach Using Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulations Sofia Kiriakidi and Thomas Mavromoustakos 6. Drug Delivery: Hydrophobic Drug Encapsulation into Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Micelles Angeliki Chroni, Varvara Chrysostomou, Athanasios Skandalis, and Stergios Pispas 7. Multisensitive Polymeric Nanocontainers as Drug Delivery Systems: Biological Evaluation Maria Theodosiou, Theodora Koutsikou, and Eleni K. Efthimiadou 8. Drug Incorporation in the Drug Delivery System of Micelles Evangelia Soumelidou, Simona Golič Grdadolnik, and Thomas Mavromoustakos 9. Molecular Dynamics Protocols for the Study of Cyclodextrin Drug Delivery Systems George Leonis, Dimitris Ntountaniotis, Eirhnh Christodoulou, and Thomas Mavromoustakos 10. Drug Delivery through Multifunctional Polypeptidic Hydrogels Hermis Iatrou, Panagiota G. Fragouli, Dimitra Stavroulaki, and Barbara Athanasiou 11. Polymersomes from Hybrids-Polypeptides for Drug Delivery Applications Hermis Iatrou, Panagiota G. Fragouli, Dimitra Stavroulaki, and Barbara Athanasiou 12. Drug Delivery Systems Based on Modified Polysaccharides: Synthesis and Characterization Aikaterini-Foteini Metaxa, Eleni Vrontaki, Eleni Efthimiadou, and Thomas Mavromoustakos 13. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) on Sartan/Cyclodextrin Delivery Formulations Nikolaos Naziris, Maria Chountoulesi, Dimitrios Ntountaniotis, Thomas Mavromoustakos, and Costas Demetzos 14. Encapsulation of Small Drugs in a Supramolecule Enhances Solubility, Stability, and Therapeutic Efficacy against Glioblastoma Multiforme Antonis D. Tsiailanis, Alexander Renziehausen, Serdar Karakurt, Tim Crook, Nelofer Syed, and Andreas G. Tzakos 15. Unveiling the Thermodynamic Aspects of Drug-Cyclodextrin Interactions through Isothermal Titration Calorimetry &n
Developmental Biology of the Sea Urchin and Other Marine Invertebrates
The TNF Superfamily
This second edition focuses on various techniques to investigate aspects of the TNF Superfamily members in health and disease. Chapters detail protocols on the signaling process of TNF family members, technical examples to investigating the role of TNF family members in physiopathologies, modulation of TNF signaling by pathogens, experimental applications of TNF-reporter mice, methodologies for various assays of TNF family members and the production of recombinant molecules. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, The TNF Superfamily: Methods and Applications, Second Edition serves to aid researchers investigating this key family of proteins.
Reactive Oxygen Species
This volume provides a varied selection of current methods and molecular probes used to generate, image and quantify ROS production and lipid peroxidation. Chapters guide readers through methods and protocols on in silico modelling of ROS dynamics in biological systems and a breaking proposal. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Reactive Oxygen Species: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Germline Development in the Zebrafish
This volume details a wide range of methods, ranging from beginner through advanced, used to further study zebrafish and fish germline.. Chapter guide readers through cultivating and manipulating germ cells, imaging of germline processes and the molecular analysis of their, protein, and RNA. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, application details for both the expert and non-expert reader, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Germline Development in the Zebrafish: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
In Vitro Models for Stem Cell Therapy
This volume looks at in vitro disease models representing the respiratory, hepatobiliary, osteochondral, nervous, dermal, ocular, immune system, and pathological biological processes like tumorigenesis for stem cell research. The chapters in this book cover a range of diseases and application of various stem cells such as adult stem cells and iPS. Chapters also discuss new methods to characterize and manipulate stem cells with the aim to better understand and improve their biological performance. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, In Vitro Models for Stem Cell Therapy: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers and scientists interested in learning more about this exciting field
Circadian Clocks
This volume presents techniques used by researchers from all branches of biology to study daily changes at a molecular level in many physiological systems. The chapters are organized into three parts and cover topics such as measuring and modeling physiological and behavioral rhythms; genome-wide analyses in circadian biology, and imaging and manipulating brain clocks. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Circadian Clocks: Methods and Protocols is a valuable tool for any researcher interested in learning more about this developing field.
Phosphoinositides
This detailed book examines experimental approaches used to investigate the regulation and function of phosphoinositides (PtdInsP), rare eukaryotic phospholipids with a broad role in biological processes such as signal transduction, cell migration and adhesion, cell growth, subcellular organization, and membrane trafficking. The combination of complementary biochemical, mass spectrometry, and imaging methods are instrumental for the detection and quantification of PtdInsP species, as well as induced dimerization methods, affinity precipitation or co-sedimentation with liposomes, protein insertion within lipid bilayers, and enzymatic assays, or through emerging methods like native mass spectrometry and microfluidics, all of which are touched upon in this volume. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Phosphoinositides: Methods and Protocols provides detailed methodology for both specialist and novice researchers on a variety of complementary methods that have been instrumental in dissecting the regulation, dynamics, and function of PtdInsPs.
Yeast Protocols
This fourth edition provides all new methods on yeast that have not been included in the past three editions. Divided in four parts, chapters guide readers through general applications for genetic manipulation in yeast cells, genome-wide studies, systematically rearrange the yeast chromosomes, and pathway methods. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Yeast Protocol, Fourth Edition aims to compliment previous editions while offering new tools for the yeast research community.
Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) for Microbial Cells
This volume provides a comprehensive review of concepts and protocols related to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applied to microbial cells. Chapters will serve guide for the design of new probes and the development of novel FISH-based protocols. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for Microbial Cells: Methods and Concepts aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Urinary Biomarkers
This volume describes important methods, protocols, and techniques used for studying urinary biomarkers. Chapters detail different alterations use to studied different types of cancers and physiological conditions. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Urinary Biomarkers: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.
Functional Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs
This detailed volume presents a comprehensive bioinformatic and experimental toolbox for prioritizing, annotating, and functionally analyzing long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Playing a vital role in diverse biological progresses and human disease, lncRNAs have proven to be a challenging subject of study due to our limited understanding of their sequence-function relationships, lack of complete genetic annotation, and the unavailability of systems required to define their functional importance and molecular mechanisms, all of which this book seeks to address. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Functional Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs: Methods and Protocols provides a timely and convenient resource to facilitate the identification and characterization of disease-associated human lncRNAs, which aims to shed light on their role in biology and pathophysiology and ultimately lead toward novel therapeutic approaches targeting lncRNAs for the amelioration of human diseases.
Approaches in Enhancing Antioxidant Defense in Plants
This Special Issue, "Approaches in Enhancing Antioxidant Defense in Plants" published 13 original research works and a couple of review articles that discuss the various aspects of plant oxidative stress biology and ROS metabolism, as well as the physiological mechanisms and approaches to enhancing antioxidant defense and mitigating oxidative stress. These papers will serve as a foundation for plant oxidative stress tolerance and, in the long term, provide further research directions in the development of crop plants' tolerance to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.
Liquid Biofuels: Bioethanol
This book covers the present and future of bioethanol biorefinery technologies. It discusses the efficient use of feedstock in bioethanol production, and critically reviews the environmental sustainability of bioethanol production. In addition, it describes the integrated production of bioelectricity, biopolymers, organic acids, and other biomolecules, as well as the use of process-related liquid and solid byproducts and/or wastes during bioethanol generation. Since the bioethanol industry has also led the automotive industry to explore new avenues, this book summarizes the various aspects of ethanol motorization, hybrid engine development, and biofuel electrification. For decades, clean and renewable alternatives have been sought to reduce dependence on petroleum-based fossil fuels and CO2 emissions. Bioethanol appears as one of the best solutions for the production of biofuels, bioenergy and biochemicals, along with the establishmentof new biorefinery concepts and a circular bioeconomy. Therefore, the ideas and technologies presented in this book contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy.This book is a useful reference for postgraduate students and researchers interested in biorefinery and biofuel technologies, both in academia- and commercial laboratories. Early career scientists can use it to fast track into the field. Advanced scientists will find it helpful to gain a broader overview of the field beyond their area of specialization.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy
This reprint includes contributions from leaders in the field of personalized medicine in ophthalmology. The contributions are diverse and cover pre-clinical and clinical topics. We hope you enjoy reading the articles.
Technology in Rehabilitative Interventions for Children
This Special Issue is aimed to offer an overview of studies presenting new rehabilitation approaches addressed to children with neurodevelopmental disorders, designed to enhance the effects of learning processes through the use of new technologies. The contributions of this Special Issue, authored by researchers and clinicians from some of the most valued Italian scientific institutions in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders, can offer some useful data and advice on the use of technology in rehabilitation and telerehabilitation to researchers, rehabilitators, clinicians and pratictioners (psychologists, neuropsychologists, speech therapists, etc.).
Biomimetic Radical Chemistry and Applications 2021
The high importance of free radical chemistry for a variety of biological events, including ageing and inflammation, has attracted considerable interest in understanding the related mechanistic steps at the molecular level. Modelling the free radical chemical reactivity of biological systems is an important research area. When studying free-radical-based chemical mechanisms, biomimetic chemistry and the design of established biomimetic models come into play to perform experiments in a controlled environment, suitably designed to be a similar as possible to cellular conditions.This Special Issue provides readers with a wide overview of biomimetic radical chemistry, where molecular mechanisms have been defined and molecular libraries of products are developed to be used as traces for the discoveries of some relevant biological processes. Several subjects are presented, with five articles and five reviews written by specialists in the fields of DNA, proteins, lipids, biotechnological applications and bioinspired synthesis, with "free radicals" as the common denominator.
New Training Strategies and Evaluation Methods for Improving Health and Physical Performance
The aim of this Special Issue was to propose, on the basis of the evidence that the current literature provides, new training techniques and specific evaluation methods for the different populations practicing physical activity.
Recent Advances in Clinical Nutrition in Stroke Rehabilitation
Stroke is a common cause of death and disability worldwide. Malnutrition is prevalent in stroke rehabilitation patients, and has serious negative effects on outcomes. In addition, there is growing interest in new concepts related to malnutrition, such as sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia, chronic inflammation, dysphagia, and oral problems, all of which contribute to a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to assess nutritional status early and, if needed, provide appropriate nutritional interventions to improve patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended in this setting; as such, high-quality clinical evidence regarding clinical nutrition in stroke rehabilitation is needed. This reprint updates our knowledge of clinical nutrition for stroke patients and includes interesting studies on topics including nutrition and weight management in the early stages of stroke, the relationship between frailty and improved physical function, weight gain by providing stored energy, physical activity and diet quality, L-carnitine and cognitive levels, and the prediction of stroke prognosis using temporal muscles. The Guest Editor hopes that this reprint will help provide clinicians with up-to-date knowledge of nutritional management in stroke rehabilitation.
Forensic Science and Legal Medicine
Even if the terms "forensic sciences" and "legal medicine" seem to be synonymous, they could be defined as two sides of the same coin. It has been demonstrated that they are different components of the application of medical knowledge upon the legal system. Legal medicine has greater relevance to civil and tort law, impacting upon patient care, whereas forensic medicine relates to criminal law and damage to (or by) patients. This Special Issue, entitled "Forensic Science and Legal Medicine: A Multidisciplinary Puzzle!", collected accurate and up-to-date scientific information on all aspects of this theme, publishing original investigations, case series and case reports, and reviews in all forensic and medico-legal branches.
Cognitive and Neurophysiological Models of Brain Asymmetry
Asymmetry is an inherent characteristic of brain organization in both humans and other vertebrate species, and is evident at the behavioral, neurophysiological, and structural levels. Brain asymmetry underlies the organization of several cognitive systems, such as emotion, communication, and spatial processing. Despite this ubiquity of asymmetries in the vertebrate brain, we are only beginning to understand the complex neuronal mechanisms underlying the interaction between hemispheric asymmetries and cognitive systems. Unfortunately, despite the vast number of empirical studies on brain asymmetries, theoretical models that aim to provide mechanistic explanations of hemispheric asymmetries are sparse in the field. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to highlight empirically based mechanistic models of brain asymmetry. Overall, six theoretical and four empirical articles were published in the Special Issue, covering a wide range of topics, from human handedness to auditory laterality in bats. Two key challenges for theoretical models of brain asymmetry are the integration of increasingly complex molecular data into testable models, and the creation of theoretical models that are robust and testable across different species.
The Autobiography of Charles Darwin
This book "" The Autobiography of Charles Darwin "" has been considered important throughout the human history. It has been out of print for decades.So that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies and hence the text is clear and readable.
Teachers Manual of Biology
This manual for teaching has been prepared in order to give more fully than was possible in the Applied Biology for students, the author's suggestions regarding the use of that book, especially in many causes where there is a radical departure from the usual teaching of elementary biological courses. Moreover, this Manual aims to be of help to biology teachers whose special preparation has been limited.
Cell Cycle Oscillators
This book brings together a unique collection of protocols that cover novel and specialized techniques as well as updated and improved adaptations of more standard procedures involving the cell cycle and its regulation by oscillatory networks, exploring recent progress in the field from both holistic and reductionist perspectives. The edition provides a space for researchers to highlight and explore the latest developments in molecular biology and biochemical techniques for studying oscillatory networks and to share these across the research community to facilitate further progress. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and up-to-date, Cell Cycle Oscillators: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an invaluable guide for those new to the field as well as the more experienced scientist. Chapters 19 and 21 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
