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Particle and Astroparticle Physics
This book presents more than 200 problems, with detailed guided solutions, spanning key areas of particle physics and astrophysics. The selected examples enable students to gain a deeper understanding of these fields and also offer valuable support in the preparation for written examinations. The book is an ideal companion to Introduction to Particle and Astroparticle Physics: Multimessenger Astronomy and its Particle Physics Foundations, written by Alessandro De Angelis and M獺rio Pimenta and published in its second edition in Springer's Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics series in 2018. It can, however, also be used independently. The present book is organized into 11 chapters that match exactly those in the companion textbook, and each of the exercises is given a title to facilitate identification of the subject within that book. Some new exercises have been added because they are considered helpful on the basis of the experience gained by teachers while using the textbook. Beyond students on relevant courses, exercises and solutions in particle and astroparticle physics are of value for physics teachers and to all who seek aid to self-training.
Imagining Imaging
From Roentgen to Rembrandt, Hounsfield to Hollywood and Vesalius to videogames, Imagining Imaging explores the deeply entwined relationship between art (and visual-based culture) and radiology / medical imaging. Including artworks from numerous historical eras representing varied geographic locations and visual traditions, alongside a diverse range of contemporary artists, Dr Jackson argues that the foundations of medical image construction and interpretation were laid down in artistic innovations dating back hundreds and thousands of years. Since the discovery of X-rays, artists and moviemakers have, in turn, drawn rich inspiration from radiographic imagery and concepts, but the process of cross-pollination between art and science has continued, with creative endeavour continuing to mould medical imaging examinations to this day. Blending a unique mix of art, science and medical history, together with aspects of visual neurophysiology and psychology, Imagining Imaging is essential reading for radiologists, radiographers and artists alike. Peppered with familiar TV and film references, personal insights into the business of image interpretation, and delivered in an accessible and humorous style, the book will also appeal to anyone who enjoys looking at pictures. Key features: Engaging synthesis of art and medical history, combined with anecdotes and experiences from a working clinical radiologist Diverse range of visual reference points including astronomy, botany and cartography, alongside comprehensive discussion of medical imaging modalities including plain radiography, ultrasound, CT and MRI 200 full colour illustrations
Probability and Stochastic Processes for Physicists
Part 1: Probability.- Chapter 1. Probability spaces.- Chapter 2. Distributions.- Chapter 3. Random variables.- Chapter 4. Limit theorems.- Part 2: Stochastic Processes.- Chapter 5. General notions.- Chapter 6. Heuristic definitions.- Chapter 7. Markovianity.- Chapter 8. An outline of stochastic calculus.- Part 3: Physical modeling.- Chapter 9. Dynamical theory of Brownian motion.- Chapter 10. Stochastic mechanics.- Part 4: Appendices .- A Consistency (Sect. 2.3.4).- B Inequalities (Sect. 3.3.2).- C Bertrand's paradox (Sect. 3.5.1).- D Lp spaces of rv's (Sect. 4.1).- E Moments and cumulants (Sect. 4.2.1).- F Binomial limit theorems (Sect. 4.3).- G Non uniform point processes (Sect 6.1.1).- H Stochastic calculus paradoxes (Sect. 6.4.2).- I Pseudo-Markovian processes (Sect. 7.1.2).- J Fractional Brownian motion (Sect. 7.1.10) .- K Ornstein-Uhlenbeck equations (Sect. 7.2.4).- L Stratonovich integral (Sect. 8.2.2).- M Stochastic bridges (Sect. 10.2).- N Kinematics of Gaussian diffusions (Sect. 10.3.1).- O Substantial operators (Sect. 10.3.3).- P Constant diffusion coefficients (Sect. 10.4).
Johannes Kepler
This book traces the development of Kepler's ideas along with his unsteady wanderings in a world dominated by religious turmoil. Johannes Kepler, like Galileo, was a supporter of the Copernican heliocentric world model. From an early stage, his principal objective was to discover "the world behind the world", i.e. to identify the underlying order and the secrets that make the world function as it does: the hidden world harmony. Kepler was driven both by his religious belief and Greek mysticism, which he found in ancient mathematics. His urge to find a construct encompassing the harmony of every possible aspect of the world - including astronomy, geometry and music - is seen as a manifestation of a deep human desire to bring order to the apparent chaos surrounding our existence. This desire continues to this day as we search for a theory that will finally unify and harmonise the forces of nature.
Systems with Persistent Memory
Introduction.- Preliminary Considerations and Examples.- Operators and Semigroups for Systems with Boundary Inputs.- The Heat Equation with Memory and its Controllability.- The Wave Equation with Memory and its Controllability.- The Stability of the Wave Equation with Persistent Memory.- Dynamical Algorithms for Identification Problems.- Final Miscellaneous Problems.
Biophysics of DNA
Surveying the last sixty years of research, this book describes the physical properties of DNA in the context of its biological functioning. It is designed to enable both students and researchers of molecular biology, biochemistry and physics to better understand the biophysics of DNA, addressing key questions and facilitating further research. The chapters integrate theoretical and experimental approaches, emphasising throughout the importance of a quantitative knowledge of physical properties in building and analysing models of DNA functioning. For example, the book shows how the relationship between DNA mechanical properties and the sequence specificity of DNA-protein binding can be analyzed quantitatively by using our current knowledge of the physical and structural properties of DNA. Theoretical models and experimental methods in the field are critically considered to enable the reader to engage effectively with the current scientific literature on the physical properties of DNA.
The Basics of Nuclear and Particle Physics
This undergraduate textbook breaks down the basics of Nuclear Structure and modern Particle Physics. Based on a comprehensive set of course notes, it covers all the introductory material and latest research developments required by third- and fourth-year physics students. The textbook is divided into two parts. Part I deals with Nuclear Structure, while Part II delves into Particle Physics. Each section contains the most recent science in the field, including experimental data and research on the properties of the top quark and Higgs boson. Detailed mathematical derivations are provided where necessary to helps students grasp the physics at a deeper level. Many of these have been conveniently placed in the Appendices and can be omitted if desired. Each chapter ends with a brief summary and includes a number of practice problems, the answers to which are also provided.
Introduction to Stellar Dynamics
The study of stellar dynamics is experiencing an exciting new wave of interest thanks to observational campaigns and the ready availability of powerful computers. Whilst its relevance includes many areas of astrophysics, from the structure of the Milky Way to dark matter halos, few texts are suited to advanced students. This volume provides a broad overview of the key concepts beyond the elementary level, bridging the gap between the standard texts and specialist literature. The author reviews Newtonian gravity in depth before examining the dynamical properties of collisional and collisionless stellar-dynamical systems that result from gravitational interactions. Guided examples and exercises ensure a thorough grounding in the mathematics, while discussions of important practical applications give a complete picture of the subject. Readers are given a sound working knowledge of the fundamental ideas and techniques employed in the field and the conceptual background needed to progress to more advanced graduate-level treatises.
The Exodus Incident
In the near future, Earth is suffering from climate change, famines, and fundamentalism. A global nuclear war is imminent. Interstellar probes from the Breakthrough Starshot project initiated by J. Milner and S. Hawking have discovered a habitable planet in the stellar system Proxima Centauri, just in time for the exodus of the elites. On board the EXODUS starship, the crew starts to experience strange things. The voyage to Atlantis, the new home for mankind, enters a mysterious and disquieting territory, where conspiracy theories about what is real and what is virtual emerge. THE EXODUS INCIDENT is a novel about an interstellar journey, which connects science to virtual realities and epistemology. In the guise of a final investigative report, a scientific treatise discusses the physics and mathematics behind the story: the starship, the fusion thruster, the target planet, and the journey, addressing anomalous effects which involve relativisticspeed and deep space environments.
Reality vs Quantum Mysticism
Science has made tremendous advances in overcoming superstition and replacing "revealed truth" with proven factual truth. Quantum mechanics and the Theories of Relativity have contributed immensely to these advances. But, in spite of this, certain absurdities, referred to as the "quantum enigma", have emerged from the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics. This has been recognized by some physicists, but the absurdities have been largely ignored by most to the detriment of our understanding of the creation, evolution and nature of the universe. Albert Einstein himself felt quantum mechanics was incomplete and spent the last 3 or 4 decades of his life fighting the proponents of the absurdities. It has been claimed that Einstein lost this battle, but the author disagrees and provides proof of the opposite. Einstein may have made slight mistakes in developing his Theories of Relativity, however, that may have unintentionally contributed to the absurdities and the author's work supports the statement that "Einstein may have been wrong just where most thought he was right and right just where most thought he was wrong."The author provides a new analysis of space and time and corrections to aspects of quantum mechanics and the Theories of Relativity that may eliminate the absurdities. This could provide a new understanding of the birth, evolution and nature of the universe and possible explanations for dark energy and dark matter. This is presented in a manner that can be understood and appreciated by all curious folks, not just physicists, and will help them understand their universe and the amazing things physicists have accomplished.
ReCognition- CO-ANDA 19 VACCINE, Part 2
In 2112, dystopia is upon us, and the United Nations Authority is trying to stop energy and technology behemoth GIATCOM from destroying society once and for all. At the vortex of this futuristic struggle is twenty-first-century inventor Dr. Ben Richards, who created a way to harness wind power, a clean and renewable energy that could have changed the course of humanity if he hadn't died under mysterious circumstances. The UNA determines that keeping Richards alive in 2017 is key to saving the world from becoming a nuclear wasteland. Meanwhile, GIATCOM is using every method at its disposal, including enhanced humans and android doppelgangers, to thwart that effort and capture Richards for its own purposes, setting up an epic battle between future powers in the past. 'Who will be victorious? Man or Machine?'
Reality vs Quantum Mysticism
Science has made tremendous advances in overcoming superstition and replacing "revealed truth" with proven factual truth. Quantum mechanics and the Theories of Relativity have contributed immensely to these advances. But, in spite of this, certain absurdities, referred to as the "quantum enigma", have emerged from the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics. This has been recognized by some physicists, but the absurdities have been largely ignored by most to the detriment of our understanding of the creation, evolution and nature of the universe. Albert Einstein himself felt quantum mechanics was incomplete and spent the last 3 or 4 decades of his life fighting the proponents of the absurdities. It has been claimed that Einstein lost this battle, but the author disagrees and provides proof of the opposite. Einstein may have made slight mistakes in developing his Theories of Relativity, however, that may have unintentionally contributed to the absurdities and the author's work supports the statement that "Einstein may have been wrong just where most thought he was right and right just where most thought he was wrong."The author provides a new analysis of space and time and corrections to aspects of quantum mechanics and the Theories of Relativity that may eliminate the absurdities. This could provide a new understanding of the birth, evolution and nature of the universe and possible explanations for dark energy and dark matter. This is presented in a manner that can be understood and appreciated by all curious folks, not just physicists, and will help them understand their universe and the amazing things physicists have accomplished.
Statistical Physics of Complex Systems
This third edition of Statistical Physics of Complex Systems has been expanded to provide more examples of applications of concepts and methods from statistical physics to the modeling of complex systems. These include avalanche dynamics in materials, models of social agents like road traffic or wealth repartition, the real space aspects of biological evolution dynamics, propagation phenomena on complex networks, formal neural networks and their connection to constraint satisfaction problems.This course-tested textbook provides graduate students and non-specialists with a basic understanding of the concepts and methods of statistical physics and demonstrates their wide range of applications to interdisciplinary topics in the field of complex system sciences, including selected aspects of theoretical modeling in biology and the social sciences. It covers topics such as non-conserved particles, evolutionary population dynamics, networks, properties of both individual and coupled simple dynamical systems, and convergence theorems, as well as short appendices that offer helpful hints on how to perform simple stochastic simulations in practice. The original spirit of the book is to remain accessible to a broad, non-specialized readership. The format is a set of concise, modular, and self-contained topical chapters, avoiding technicalities and jargon as much as possible, and complemented by a wealth of worked-out examples, so as to make this work useful as a self-study text or as textbook for short courses.
Building Physics
Introduction.- Basics of thermodynamics.- Heat transfer.- Heat transfer in building components.- Moisture in building components.- Basics of waves.- Sound propagation.- Building acoustics.- Illumination.- Appendix A.- Tables.- Bibliography.- Index.
The Human Machine
The human body is a machine. This machine is composed of organs, which in turn are made of tissues, cells, molecules, atoms, and subatomic particles. And like any physical entity, the human body depends on physical laws. The laws of physics are our basic tool for understanding the functioning of any machine, including biological organisms. Biology is, after all, applied chemistry; and chemistry is really just applied physics. But physical laws by themselves are not sufficient to characterize physical mechanisms. Interaction between elements is of fundamental importance, and a machine is generally better described as a system. The complex machine that we know as the human body is perhaps optimally studied under the umbrella of systems theory.
Einstein’S Theories Of Relativity And Gravitation; A Selection Of Material From The Essays Submitted In The Competition For The Eugene Higgins Prize Of $5,000
A daring archive of ideas that reshaped science. A selection of prize-winning essays that makes the frontier of relativity and gravitation feel immediate again. This volume gathers intimate, accessible explorations from the early twentieth century-an academic essay collection that reads like a public science anthology. The essays traverse relativity theory discussions and gravitation in physics with clarity and verve, offering insights into how scholars and students wrestled with new ideas and their wider implications. It is more than a mere reprint: it is a concise record of scholarly debate and a window into american science history, rendered for today's readers and tomorrow's. The book's literary and historical significance is undeniable: it captures the intellectual temperament of a pivotal era, reflecting the energy of competitions such as the Eugene Higgins Prize and the shaping of a modern theoretical framework. For scholarly readers and science students alike, the volume provides disciplined yet human narratives that illuminate complex concepts without sacrificing wonder. For casual readers and classic-literature collectors, the texture of public discourse and the elegance of the prose offer lasting appeal. Out of print for decades and now republished by Alpha Editions, this work is restored for today's and future generations. More than a reprint, it is a collector's item and a cultural treasure-a distinguished addition to related physics anthologies and popular science periodicals alike.
Healthy Atoms and Sick Atoms
Discoveries of Author During Pre-Med and College Years - Author discovered electrons, neutrons, protons, and atoms are constructed from Fundamental Particle Compounds, Particle Clouds, have Particle Intelligence System Centers, and Particle Circulation Systems. - Author, during these years, discovered Fundamental Particles, General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry Sciences. - Author discovered Molecular Evolution, how constructed different Subjects of Universe, under A.S.I.FP. Mol. CIC. - Author discovered exogenous Particle Cloud Circulation Systems and Indigenous Particle Cloud Circulation Systems, Abnormal constructed Particle Clouds, and Normally Constructed Particle Clouds. - Author discovered causes of Psyche Genesis, and Thought Current Genesis, Psyche of Atoms, Electrons, Nucleons, - Author discovered the causes of the psychiatric disorders are Particle Cloud Transmitted diseases. - Author discovered Plants' Central Intelligence Systems, Plants' Sensory Intelligence Systems, and Plants' Motor Intelligence Centers, and plants without any intelligence systems, etc. - Author's discoveries during nine postgraduate years and thereafter. - Author discovered hundreds of other new findings, which no one has done these discoveries before. This book is an introduction for the author's new creations.
Central Intelligence Systems of Atom
Discoveries of Author During College Years 1- I discovered fundamental particles (FP) construct electrons, nucleons, atoms, and nano units under a S.I.FP. Mol. CIC. I discovered internal electrons, nucleons, atom's particle intelligence system centers (PIS). Also internal electrons, neutrons, proton's particle circulation systems (PCS), electrons nucleon's psyche genesis, and factual or real intelligence (RI). 2- I discovered fundamental particle's general chemistry, organic chemistry, and biological chemistry. Also how exogenous airborne particle clouds enter into electrons, nucleons subsystem-units chemical lab.s, combine with internal electron, nucleon particle compounds, and construct molecular compound constructions of protons, neutrons, and electrons. And this is phenomenon of electron genesis, proton genesis, and neutron genesis. 3- I discovered many plants, also possesses sensory intelligence systems, motor intelligence systems, and plants central intelligence systems. Also chemical combinations of airborne light fundamental particles with internal cell electrons, nucleons molecular compounds, under A.S.I.FP. Mol. CIC, produce light particle compounds constructions of the plants atoms, electrons, nucleons, the phenomenon of plants' atom genesis, and plants' cell genesis. 4- During study in physics, I discovered exogenous airborne and indigenous particle cloud circulation systems, transmission of the particle clouds, and fundamental particles through particle currents between the different live and non-live planetary electrons, neutrons, protons, and atoms, combine with internal electron-nucleon particle compounds, and construct electrons, nucleons' molecular structures (phenomenon of electron-genesis, nucleon-genesis).
The Einstein Theory Of Relativity
A clear window into a daring idea that reshaped how we understand reality. The Einstein Theory Of Relativity, as presented by H. A. Lorentz, invites readers to trace the roots of space, time and motion with clarity and wonder. This concise, carefully curated work offers a student-friendly yet deeply informed exploration of relativity, weaving a theoretical physics essay with a lucid popular science overview. It guides general science readers through space-time concepts and the speed of light implications, presenting the core insights of early twentieth century European thought in a way that honours both rigorous reasoning and human curiosity. The volume remains a definitive relativistic physics classics reference, while also serving as a welcoming entry point for those encountering the subject for the first time. Its literary and historical significance is substantial: produced in a Berlin physics milieu that fostered landmark shifts in science, the text sits at the crossroads of prestige and accessibility. For classic-literature collectors and casual readers alike, this edition is more than a reprint-it is a cultural treasure that preserves a pivotal moment in science history. Selling points: out of print for decades and now republished by Alpha Editions; restored for today's and future generations; more than a reprint - a collector's item and a cultural artefact. A precise, inviting gateway into the origins of relativity for student readers and general science fans alike.
Holography and Magnetically Induced Phenomena in QCD
This book introduces the traditional and novel techniques required to study the thermodynamic and transport properties of quark-gluon plasma. In particular, it reviews the construction of improved holographic models for QCD-like confining gauge theories and their applications in the physics of quark-gluon plasma. It also discusses the recent advances in the development of hydrodynamic techniques, especially those incorporating the effects of external magnetic fields on transport. The book is primarily intended for researchers and graduate students with a background in quantum field theory and particle physics but who may not be familiar with the theory of strong interactions and holographic and hydrodynamic techniques required to study said interactions.
Jayme Tiomno
Jayme Tiomno (1920-2011) was one of the most influential Brazilian physicists of the 20th century, interacting with many of the renowned physicists of his time, including John Wheeler and Richard Feynman, Eugene Wigner, Chen Ning Yang, David Bohm, Murray Gell-Mann, Remo Ruffini, Abdus Salam, and many others.This biography tells the sometimes romantic, often discouraging but finally optimistic story of a dedicated scientist and educator from a developing country who made important contributions to particle physics, gravitation, cosmology and field theory, and to the advancement of science and of scientific education, in many institutions in Brazil and elsewhere. Drawing on unpublished documents from archives in Brazil and the US as well as private sources, the book traces Tiomno's long life, following his role in the establishment of various research facilities and his tribulations during the Brazilian military dictatorship. It presents a story of progress and setbacks in advancing science in Brazil and beyond, and of the persistence and dedication of a talented physicist who spent his life in search of scientific truth.
Minding the Heavens
Praise for the first edition: "A terrific blend of the science and the history." Martha Haynes, Goldwin Smith Professor of Astronomy, Cornell University, New York, USA "The book is a treat... Highly recommended for public and academic libraries." Peter Hepburn, now Head Librarian, College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, California, USA Today, we recognize that we live on a planet circling the sun, that our sun is just one of billions of stars in the galaxy we call the Milky Way, and that our galaxy is but one of billions born out of the Big Bang. Yet, as recently as the early twentieth century, the general public and even astronomers had vague and confused notions about what lay beyond the visible stars. Can we see to the edge of the universe? Do we live in a system that would look, from a distance, like a spiral nebula? This fully updated second edition of Minding the Heavens: The Story of Our Discovery of the Milky Way explores how we learned that we live in a galaxy, in a universe composed of galaxies and unseen, mysterious dark matter. The story unfolds through short biographies of seven astronomers: Thomas Wright, William Herschel, and Wilhelm Struve of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; the transitional figure of William Huggins; and Jacobus Kapteyn, Harlow Shapley, and Edwin Hubble of the modern, big-telescope era. Each contributed key insights to our present understanding of where we live in the cosmos, and each was directly inspired by the work of his predecessors to decipher "the construction of the heavens." Along the way, the narrative weaves in the contributions of those in supportive roles, including Caroline Herschel-William's sister, and the first woman paid to do astronomy-and Martha Shapley, a mathematician in her own right who carried out calculations for her spouse. Through this historical perspective, readers will gain a new appreciation of our magnificent Milky Way galaxy and of the beauties of the night sky, from ghostly nebulae to sparkling star clusters. Features: Fully updated throughout to reflect the latest in our understanding of the Milky Way, from our central supermassive black hole to the prospect of future mergers with other galaxies in our Local Group. Explains the significance of current research, including from the Gaia mission mapping our galaxy in unprecedented detail. Unique and broadly appealing approach. A biographical framework and ample illustrations lead the reader by easy, enjoyable steps to a well-rounded understanding of the history of astronomy. Leila Belkora (Ph.D., Astrophysics) is a science writer. She earned her doctorate from the University of Colorado-Boulder, specializing in solar radio astronomy. She has previously taught university physics, astronomy, and communication for engineers. She lives in Southern California and enjoys local astronomy outreach activities.
New Itinerant Electron Models of Magnetic Materials
1 IntroductionReferences2. Electron shell structure of free atoms and valence electrons in crystals2.1 Electron shell structure of free atoms2.2 A simple introduction to classical crystal binding theory for typical magnetic materials2.3 Effective radii of ions in crystals2.4 Electron binding energy originating from ions in crystalsReferences3. A simple introduction to basic knowledge of magnetic materials 3.1 Classification of matters based on magnetic properties3.2 Magnetic domain and domain wall3.3 Basic parameters of magnetic materials3.4 Magnetic ordering models in conventional ferromagnetismReferences4. Difficulties related to conventional magnetic ordering models4.1 Disputes over the distributions of Mn and Cr cations in spinel ferrites4.2 Difficulties in describing the observed magnetic moments of perovskite manganites4.3 Relationship between magnetic moment and electrical resistivity in typical magnetic metals4.4 Puzzle for the origin of magnetic ordering energyReferences5. O 2p itinerant electron model for magnetic oxides5.1 A simple introduction to early investigations of ionicity5.2 Study of ionicity of spinel ferrites5.3 Experimental studies of O 2p holes in oxides5.4 Study of negative monovalent oxygen ions using X-ray photoelectron spectra 5.5 O 2p itinerant electron model for magnetic oxides (IEO model)5.6 Relationship between the IEO model and the conventional models References6. Magnetic ordering of typical spinel ferrites6.1 Method fitting magnetic moments of typical spinel ferrites6.2 Caion distribution characteristics in typical spinel ferritesReferences7. Experimental evidences of the IEO model obtained from spinel ferrite7.1 Additional antiferromagnetic phase in Ti doped spinel ferrites7.2 Amplification of spinel ferrite magnetic moment due to Cu substituting for Cr7.3 Unusual infrared spectra of Cr ferriteReferences8. Spinel ferrites with cant angle magnetic coupling8.1 Spinel ferrites with Fe ratio being less than 2.0 per molecule8.2 Spinel ferrites containing nonmagnetic cationsReferences9. Magnetic ordering and electrical transport of perovskite manganites9.1 Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling in typical perovskite manganites9.2 Spin-dependent and spin-independent electrical transport of perovskite manganites9.3 Experimental evidences on canting magnetic structure in perovskite manganites9.4 Magnetic coupling between the two sublattices in perovskite praseodymium manganites9.5 Substituting for Mn in perovskite praseodymium manganites9.6 Experimental evidences for antiferromagnetic coupling between divalent and trivalent Mn ions in perovskite manganitesReferences10. Anti-ferromagnetic ordering in oxides with sodium chloride structure10.1 Characteristics of antiferromagnetic oxides with sodium chloride structure10.2 Difference between magnetic structures of manganese monoxide and lanthanum manganiteReferences11. Itinerant electron model for magnetic metals 11.1 Experimental and theoretical studies for atomic magnetic moments in metals11.2 Itinerant electron model for magnetic metals (IEM model)References12. Study on the origin of magnetic ordering energy for magnetic materials
Boris Hessen: Physics and Philosophy in the Soviet Union, 1927-1931
This book presents key works of Boris Hessen, outstanding Soviet philosopher of science, available here in English for the first time. Quality translations are accompanied by an editors' introduction and annotations. Boris Hessen is known in history of science circles for his "Social and Economic Roots of Newton's Principia" presented in London (1931), which inspired new approaches in the West. As a philosopher and a physicist, he was tasked with developing a Marxist approach to science in the 1920s. He studied the history of physics to clarify issues such as reductionism and causality as they applied to new developments. With the philosophers called the "Dialecticians", his debates with the opposing "Mechanists" on the issue of emergence are still worth studying and largely ignored in the many recent works on this subject. Taken as a whole, the book is a goldmine of insights into both the foundations of physics and Soviet history.
Minding the Heavens
This fully updated second edition of Minding the Heavens: The Story of Our Discovery of the Milky Way explores how we learned that we live in a galaxy, in a universe of composed of galaxies and unseen, mysterious dark matter.
Elasticity and Fluid Dynamics
A groundbreaking textbook on twenty-first-century fluids and elastic solids and their applications Kip Thorne and Roger Blandford's monumental Modern Classical Physics is now available in five stand-alone volumes that make ideal textbooks for individual graduate or advanced undergraduate courses on statistical physics; optics; elasticity and fluid dynamics; plasma physics; and relativity and cosmology. Each volume teaches the fundamental concepts, emphasizes modern, real-world applications, and gives students a physical and intuitive understanding of the subject. Elasticity and Fluid Dynamics provides an essential introduction to these subjects. Fluids and elastic solids are everywhere--from Earth's crust and skyscrapers to ocean currents and airplanes. They are central to modern physics, astrophysics, the Earth sciences, biophysics, medicine, chemistry, engineering, and technology, and this centrality has intensified in recent years--so much so that a basic understanding of the behavior of elastic solids and fluids should be part of the repertoire of every physicist and engineer and almost every other natural scientist. While both elasticity and fluid dynamics involve continuum physics and use similar mathematical tools and modes of reasoning, each subject can be readily understood without the other, and the book allows them to be taught independently, with the first two chapters introducing and covering elasticity and the last six doing the same for fluid dynamics. The book also can serve as supplementary reading for many other courses, including in astrophysics, geophysics, and aerodynamics.Includes many exercise problemsFeatures color figures, suggestions for further reading, extensive cross-references, and a detailed indexOptional "Track 2" sections make this an ideal book for a one-quarter or one-semester course in elasticity, fluid dynamics, or continuum physicsAn online illustration package is available to professorsThe five volumes, which are available individually as paperbacks and ebooks, are Statistical Physics; Optics; Elasticity and Fluid Dynamics; Plasma Physics; and Relativity and Cosmology.
Statistical Physics
A groundbreaking textbook on twenty-first-century statistical physics and its applications Kip Thorne and Roger Blandford's monumental Modern Classical Physics is now available in five stand-alone volumes that make ideal textbooks for individual graduate or advanced undergraduate courses on statistical physics; optics; elasticity and fluid dynamics; plasma physics; and relativity and cosmology. Each volume teaches the fundamental concepts, emphasizes modern, real-world applications, and gives students a physical and intuitive understanding of the subject. Statistical Physics is an essential introduction that is different from others on the subject because of its unique approach, which is coordinate-independent and geometric; embraces and elucidates the close quantum-classical connection and the relativistic and Newtonian domains; and demonstrates the power of statistical techniques--particularly statistical mechanics--by presenting applications not only to the usual kinds of things, such as gases, liquids, solids, and magnetic materials, but also to a much wider range of phenomena, including black holes, the universe, information and communication, and signal processing amid noise.Includes many exercise problemsFeatures color figures, suggestions for further reading, extensive cross-references, and a detailed indexOptional "Track 2" sections make this an ideal book for a one-quarter, half-semester, or full-semester courseAn online illustration package is available to professorsThe five volumes, which are available individually as paperbacks and ebooks, are Statistical Physics; Optics; Elasticity and Fluid Dynamics; Plasma Physics; and Relativity and Cosmology.
Physik F羹r Mediziner
Anschaulich und interessant vermittelt dieses Werk, das sowohl zur Aneignung von Wissen als auch zum Nachschlagen der wichtigsten Zusammenh瓣nge dient, die gro?en Themen der Physik f羹r Studierende aller medizinischer Fachrichtungen. Alle Kapitel bauen logisch aufeinander auf und k繹nnen ohne Vorkenntnisse auf dem jeweiligen Gebiet bearbeitet werden. Komplexe Zusammenh瓣nge werden kompakt und mithilfe vereinfachender Skizzen und Schemata erl瓣utert. Umfangreiche Aufgabenbl繹cke am Ende jedes Kapitels dienen insbesondere zur Ein羹bung und ?berpr羹fung des Gelernten sowie zur Unterst羹tzung der Pr羹fungsvorbereitung.
Age-Dating Stars
The determination of stellar ages has been - and still is - crucial for the development of our understanding of the universe, and to constrain theoretical models for the formation of galaxies and the evolution of planetary systems.
Principles of Rock Deformation and Tectonics
This book originates in the French classic "Principes de Tectonique" (Masson, 1983), written by professor Adolphe Nicolas, and the more recent "Principes de Tectonique" by J.L. Bouchez and A. Nicolas (De Boeck, 2018). This English edition is an up-to-date and augmented version that keeps the concise and rigorous writing of its inspiring predecessors. It is largely based on laboratory and field experience of both authors, with a focus towards hard rocks and magmatic rocks from both the continental crust worldwide and the mantle, principally from the Oman ophiolites. The book includes more than 250 illustrations, most of them original. In addition to classic geological subjects, the book includes elements such as plastic deformation of ice, quartz and olivine, fabric acquisition in rocks and magmas, measurement and orientation of stress, together with basic background information on neotectonics, geophysics and other practical tools such as magnetic fabrics not commonly treated in geological books. Since the targeted readers are present day young students, a few exercises of structural geology are included to improve their abilities. This book aims principally at students of Geology, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. However, due to its numerous illustrations and rather concise writing, anyone interested in rock deformation and/or tectonics will find key answers in this book.
Gamow Shell Model
This book provides the first graduate-level, self-contained introduction to recent developments that lead to the formulation of the configuration-interaction approach for open quantum systems, the Gamow shell model, which provides a unitary description of quantum many-body system in different regimes of binding, and enables the unification in the description of nuclear structure and reactions. The Gamow shell model extends and generalizes the phenomenologically successful nuclear shell model to the domain of weakly-bound near-threshold states and resonances, offering a systematic tool to understand and categorize data on nuclear spectra, moments, collective excitations, particle and electromagnetic decays, clustering, elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections, and radiative capture cross sections of interest to astrophysics. The approach is of interest beyond nuclear physics and based on general properties of quasi-stationary solutions of the Schr繹dinger equation - so-called Gamow states. For the benefit of graduate students and newcomers to the field, the quantum-mechanical fundamentals are introduced in some detail. The text also provides a historical overview of how the field has evolved from the early days of the nuclear shell model to recent experimental developments, in both nuclear physics and related fields, supporting the unified description. The text contains many worked examples and several numerical codes are introduced to allow the reader to test different aspects of the continuum shell model discussed in the book.
Continuum Thermodynamics and Constitutive Theory
This book presents different thermodynamic approaches in the area of constitutive theory: thermodynamics of irreversible processes, rational thermodynamics, and extended thermodynamics. These different approaches are analyzed with respect to their presuppositions, as well as to their results, and each method is applied to several important examples. In many cases these examples are archetypes for numerous technologically important materials; i.e. complex materials having an internal structure. Some of the examples dealt with in this book are liquid crystals, colloid suspensions, ans fiber suspensions. The book well serves students and researchers who have basic knowledge in continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. It provides a systematic overview of the vast field of thermodynamic constitutive theory, beginning from a historical perspective and concluding with outstanding questions in recent research.
Introduction to Sustainable Energy Transformation
This textbook provides an accessible introduction to various energy transformation technologies and their influences on the environment. Here the energy transformation is understood as any physical process induced by humans, in which energy is intentionally transformed from one form to another.
Terahertz Astronomy
Taking a cross-disciplinary approach to the subject, this book explores THz astrophysics and the technologies that make this rapidly evolving field possible. It provides readers with both the background science and technology to interpret THz observations and design, build, and deploy THz astronomical instrumentation. The first four chapters discuss the origin and interpretation of THz light in astrophysical sources. The remaining five chapters present an overview of the technologies used to collect and detect THz light.
Calculating the Position of Electrons Around the Nucleus
Atomic orbitals are the basic building blocks of the atomic orbital model (alternatively known as electron cloud or wave mechanics model), a modern framework for visualizing the submicroscopic behavior of electrons in matter. In this model the electron cloud of a multi-electron atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product of simpler hydrogen-like atomic orbitals.
Out of Time
This book adopts the view that the universe is infinite and eternal - but scientifically created. This paradox of creating eternity depends on the advanced electronics developed by future humanity. Those humans will develop time travel, plus programs that use "imaginary" time and infinite numbers like pi. They'll also become the El or Elohim (names used by various religions to mean "God" or "the gods"). As astronomer Carl Sagan wrote in "Pale Blue Dot", "Many religions teach that it is the goal of humans to become gods." (I think that Elohim would be termed supernatural today, though their infinite abilities are actually natural outcomes of progress.)A look through the book will tell you that some ideas are frequently repeated. This is because each article is meant to be understood without reading the others ... so the same ideas show up in more than one. I've tried to stay away from jargon and equations unless they're necessary (I find that they often make a subject harder to understand, not easier). All objects and events on Earth, in space, and in time (including the inevitability of world peace and immortality) are just one thing - strings of electronics' binary digits 1 and 0.
Concepts of Thermodynamics and Applications
This book presents the central concepts and applications of thermodynamics through an integrated set of problems and solutions designed for physics and engineering undergraduate students. The book covered mostly and directly based on my lectures for the last years of undergraduate course on statistical physics and thermodynamics. Most of the text books and reference books used by physics students usually had no clear justification and derivation of historical background of thermodynamics. To give a concise theoretical derivation and wide application of thermodynamics. This text book would have a good role and has included several worked problems and exercises from statistical physics, quantum mechanics and solid state physics based on the application of thermodynamics.
Control Theory for Physicists
Control theory, an interdisciplinary concept dealing with the behaviour of dynamical systems, is an important but often overlooked aspect of physics. This is the first broad and complete treatment of the topic tailored for physicists, one which goes from the basics right through to the most recent advances. Simple examples develop a deep understanding and intuition for the systematic principles of control theory, beyond the recipes given in standard engineering-focused texts. Up-to-date coverage of control of networks and complex systems, and a thorough discussion of the fundamental limits of control, including the limitations placed by causality, information theory, and thermodynamics are included. In addition it explores important recent advances in stochastic thermodynamics on the thermodynamic costs of information processing and control. For all students of physics interested in control theory, this classroom-tested, comprehensive approach to the topic with online solutions and further materials delivers both fundamental principles and current developments.
Thermal Plasma of Electric ARC
This book highlights the latest advances in research on the thermal plasma of an electric arc discharge between asymmetric electrodes, which were carried out mainly in the Department of Physical Electronics of the Faculty of Radiophysics, Electronics and Computer Systems of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.The techniques of Optical Emission and Laser Absorption Spectroscopies were predominantly used to investigate the parameters of low-temperature plasma with admixtures of metal vapours. Free-burning electric arcs between asymmetric electrodes fabricated from single-component copper and nickel or composite Ag-Ni materials were used as plasma sources. The experimental techniques were additionally used to examine the erosion properties of studied materials under thermal effect of arc discharges in the indirect way.The book will help readers to familiarize with current research in thermal plasma physics, which was carried out by contributors to promote further implementation into innovations according to public needs. We hope that this issue will be useful and interesting for young scientists or Ph.D. students and mature scientists alike.
From Falling Apples to the Universe
We all encounter gravity every day, but most people have little understanding of what gravity actually involves. We all learned about Newton in high school, but that interpretation is not a complete description of gravity. However, those interested in the subject quickly learn that the math used in our modern explanation of gravity (General Relativity) is overwhelming, suggesting that gravity can only be truly understood by highly trained scientists and mathematicians. The author rejects that notion. He believes gravity can be understood by all and can be scientifically explained using words in lieu of the complicated math. Gravity is a significant force around us, therefore our understanding of it is important to make sense of the universe in which we all live. The universe is constantly changing, and those changes that are not fully understood influence what we think we see when we look far away-to the past. This book offers a unique path for exploring gravity and gravitation and introduces exceptional ways to think about the subject. Each aspect of gravity and gravitation is clearly explained, and the reader is guided through every step as ideas are developed into scientific models. These models are then used to explore how gravity and gravitation may have shaped the universe.The book has a potential audience far beyond students and academic environments. The author's goal is to provide a real science book that is of interest to the general reader but will also hold the interest of experts in the field.
Overview and Objectives for Physical Sciences
The physics course cannot be limited to the description of a series of facts and phenomena, definitions, principles and laws; what is important is the understanding of the relationship between the different elements of knowledge and of the structure of physicalknowledge.We put at the disposal of teachers and students of the first year of Scientific Humanities, this first volume of the manual entitled "Overview and objectives for physical sciences" to improve the teaching-learning of Physics in our country, the Democratic Republic of Congo.The application exercises are placed at the end of each subject for a broader knowledge of the course, given that our teaching is given under difficult conditions. It will help our students to acquire structured knowledge on physics and will reduce the difficulties of the teachers, sometimes in the grip of the lack of appropriate documentation.
Planet X and The Hurricane Michael Cover Up
Dr. Albers is a former Professor of Physics with a 17-year career in lecturing and teaching. She holds five degrees in her field of study and she is currently the only outspoken scientist willing to expose Planet X and the potential damages to Earth.Dr. Albers has published numerous books and articles detailing the scientific and observational evidence that she has uncovered since 2016. Her fellow researcher and investigator Scott C'one has been on the case of Planet X since his early college years dating back to 1990. His discoveries in 2016, 2017 and 2018 have become groundbreaking hardcore evidence of the existence of stellar bodies that have been captured by the Sun. He has also produced over 1600 videos detailing and exposing this evidence and his videos are available on his Youtube Channel Planet X News. You can also review Dr. Albers' video reports on her Youtube Channel Planet X Physicist.Dr. Claudia Albers and Scott C'one lead the way in Planet X Research and their investigations have lead to exposing The Biggest Cover-Up in World History.
The Sun Simulator
In this book, I have put together the most important articles I have written detailing both the evidence for what is happening with the Sun and detailing the type of devices and systems that seem to be in use for the purpose of hiding what is going on in our Solar System from the earth's population.
Solid State Physics
This book is a self-contained undergraduate textbook in solid state physics. Most excellent existing textbooks in this area are aimed at advanced students and/or have an encyclopaedic content, therefore, they are often overwhelmingly difficult and/or too wide for undergraduates. On the contrary, this book is designed to accompany a one-semester, second or third-year course aimed at a tutorial introduction to solid state physics.The book is highly accessible and focuses on a selected set of topics (basically, the physics of phonons and electrons in crystals), whilst also providing substantial, in-depth coverage of the subject. Emphasis is given to the underlying physical basis or principle for each topic, although applications are covered when it is possible to link them to fundamental physical concepts in a simple way.The author has taught undergraduate condensed matter physics for 17 years, and the book is based on this experience. Various pedagogical features are used in each chapter, including conceptual layout sections (defining the syllabus of each chapter), extensive use of figures (used to illustrate concepts, or to sketch experimental setups, or to present paradigmatic results) and highlights on the most important equations, definitions, and concepts.Key Features Fills a gap for a self-contained undergraduate textbook in solid state physics Tailored for a one-semester course Focuses on a selected set of topics (basically, the physics of phonons and electrons in crystals), whilst also providing substantial, in-depth coverage of the subject Emphasises phenomenology rather than mathematics/formalism Uses various pedagogical features, including end-of-chapter exercises with solutions
Ultrafast Lasers and Optics for Experimentalists
The use of ultrafast lasers has expanded beyond use by specialist laser physicists and is increasingly commonplace in both physical and life sciences, where the high intensities, broad bandwidths, and short pulse durations make them ideal for investigating a wide range of chemical and physical phenomena. Working with these ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses requires some special care when compared to other laser systems, and this book provides an ideal starting point for the non-specialist to gain the necessary knowledge to start effectively working with ultrafast lasers and optics. The book walks the reader through the relevant parts of ultrashort pulse physics, pulse generation, and pulse characterisation, before discussing how to practically build an optical setup and manipulate these pulses. Many aspects of the practicalities of working with optics and lasers that are often considered assumed knowledge by experienced campaigners are discussed in detail. Aimed specifically at non-specialists, the emphasis is placed on intuitive, qualitative understanding of the concepts. The fundamental aim is that students starting a project or PhD in a laser group, can pick this book up and quickly get up to speed with the fundamentals of ultrafast laser physics that enable effective laboratory working.
Mysteries of the First Instant
Follow award-winning authors on a fascinating journey...Science and religion harmonized to gain a full understanding of the universe's inception and lawsVancouver, 2020. Physics engineer and CEO Daniel Friedmann loves solving problems. When the avid scientist dives deep into the latest scientific evidence about the universe and the scripture on creation, he faces a question he feels compelled to answer: Is it possible to combine faith and science to fully understand the beginning of the universe and the origins of time, space, elementary particles, and the forces of nature?His quest for answers takes him and his nephew Seb on an incredible journey through the ages, discovering stories from the lives and work of physicists, cosmologists, philosophers, biblical commentators, sages, and mystics.Follow Dan and Seb as they discover insights into the big open questions in cosmology and physics while gaining a better understanding of biblical texts on God's creation. Explore: what came before the Big Bangwhat happened in the first instant of the universe's existencethe link between science's 13.8 billion-year timeline and the six-day creation account the beginning and nature of spacethe beginning, nature, and direction of timeelementary particles-the basic building blocks of everythingthe spooky behavior of the microscopic world and how quantum mechanics gives rise to our realitythe forces of nature and Einstein's relativitywhat undiscovered particles dark matter is made ofwhether the universe will continue to expandhow and why the parameters of the universe are fine-tuned for life to existMysteries of the First Instant is a fascinating and entertaining read, digging deep into the universe's beginning to solve its well-kept mysteries. No scientific or biblical background required. Order your copy today.
Topology in Condensed Matter
This text serves as a pedagogical introduction to the theoretical concepts on application of topology in condensed matter systems. It covers an introduction to basic concepts of topology, emphasizes the relation of geometric concepts such as the Berry phase to topology, having in mind applications in condensed matter. In addition to describing two basic systems such as topological insulators and topological superconductors, it also reviews topological spin systems and photonic systems. It also describes the use of quantum information concepts in the context of topological phases and phase transitions, and the effect of non-equilibrium perturbations on topological systems.This book provides a comprehensive introduction to topological insulators, topological superconductors and topological semimetals. It includes all the mathematical background required for the subject. There are very few books with such a coverage in the market.
From Falling Apples to the Universe
We all encounter gravity every day, but most people have little understanding of what gravity actually involves. We learned about Newton in high school, but that interpretation is not a complete description of gravity. However, those interested in the subject quickly learn that the math used in our modern explanation of gravity (General Relativity) is overwhelming, suggesting that gravity can only be truly understood by highly trained scientists and mathematicians. The author rejects that notion. He believes gravity can be understood by all and can be scientifically explained using words in lieu of the complicated math. Gravity is a significant force around us, therefore our understanding of it is important to make sense of the universe in which we all live. The universe is constantly changing, and those changes that are not fully understood influence what we think we see when we look far away-to the past. This book offers a unique path for exploring gravity and gravitation and introduces exceptional ways to think about the subject. Each aspect of gravity and gravitation is clearly explained, and the reader is guided through every step as ideas are developed into scientific models. These models are then used to explore how gravity and gravitation may have shaped the universe. The book has a potential audience far beyond students and academic environments. The author's goal is to provide a real science book that is of interest to the general reader but will also hold the interest of experts in the field.
