Energy Transition
This book presents the importance of energy transition and its associated difficulties and dangers. It discusses the current state of energy consumption and the links between the economy and energy. The book also offers commentary on energy pollution. Reviewing future energy resources, it evaluates several transition scenarios.
The Romantic Imagination and Astronomy
In the nineteenth century the beauty of the night sky is the source of both imaginative wonder in poetry and political and commercial power through navigation. The Romantic Imagination and Astronomy examines the impact of astronomical discovery and imperial exploration on poets including Barbauld, Coleridge, Keats, Shelley, and Rossetti.
Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Region from Azores Islands to Iberian Peninsula
This book presents new results and data for the 1969 Saint Vincent Cape Earthquake (Mw=7.8) and tsunami. It provides key information to access the Spanish Geophysical Data National Archive Compilation and includes data-sets that range from the Azores Islands to the Iberian Peninsula. On February 28th, 1969, a large earthquake (Mw=7.8) strokes the Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco, producing some causalities and important damage and economic losses. In this Topical volume ten papers are published, which are representative of many contributions presented at a Workshop organized by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) and the instituto Geogr獺fico Nacional (Madrid, Spain) on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the 1969 earthquake. These papers cover different aspects of communications presented at the Workshop. There are two papers dedicated to tsunamis, one to Earthquake Early Warning System, one paper on lithospheric structure, three on seismicity and adata archive, three focused on the 1969 earthquake, and one of the seismic hazard. Summarizing, this topical issue present new results on the structure, seismicity, seismotectonics, seismic hazard, and geodynamics of this complex region that extends from the Azores Islands to the Iberian Peninsula.
Deep Learning and Physics
What is deep learning for those who study physics? Is it completely different from physics? Or is it similar? In recent years, machine learning, including deep learning, has begun to be used in various physics studies. Why is that? Is knowing physics useful in machine learning? Conversely, is knowing machine learning useful in physics? This book is devoted to answers of these questions. Starting with basic ideas of physics, neural networks are derived naturally. And you can learn the concepts of deep learning through the words of physics.In fact, the foundation of machine learning can be attributed to physical concepts. Hamiltonians that determine physical systems characterize various machine learning structures. Statistical physics given by Hamiltonians defines machine learning by neural networks. Furthermore, solving inverse problems in physics through machine learning and generalization essentially providesprogress and even revolutions in physics. For these reasons, in recent years interdisciplinary research in machine learning and physics has been expanding dramatically. This book is written for anyone who wants to learn, understand, and apply the relationship between deep learning/machine learning and physics. All that is needed to read this book are the basic concepts in physics: energy and Hamiltonians. The concepts of statistical mechanics and the bracket notation of quantum mechanics, which are explained in columns, are used to explain deep learning frameworks.We encourage you to explore this new active field of machine learning and physics, with this book as a map of the continent to be explored.
Evolving thinking around the systemic structure of knowledge
The chapters (articles) presented in this book are meant to represent my thinking around the systemic structure of knowledge-as represented by theories, models, policy models, strategic plans, and so on (we will use these terms interchangeably). The most important idea here is that knowledge is more useful (for understanding, making effective decisions, communication, collaboration, planning, and reaching goals) when it is more systemic-more structured.When I began in this field that idea of systemic structure existed; however, it was not very well developed. It was difficult or impossible to look at two theories and decide which one had the best structure (and so would be the most useful). My efforts were focused therefore on understanding the underlying structure-what is it that makes any (and all) theoretical knowledge useful. After 14 years of effort (and the writing of this book) I have reached a good stopping point. Rather than a set of loose axioms, the field now has Integrative Propositional Analysis (IPA); a clear and simple method for evaluating the structure of knowledge, along with a few other methods that are a bit more complex but also effective for advancing useful knowledge.In the following sections, I reflect briefly on some key articles, how they represent steps forward in my thinking. My main hope here is to provide some stepping stones for those who might want to understand and/or follow this path. And, from a broader perspective, support those who want to study how thinking evolves.
Introduction to Mathematical Systems Theory
This book provides an introduction to the theory of linear systems and control for students in business mathematics, econometrics, computer science, and engineering. The focus is on discrete time systems, which are the most relevant in business applications, as opposed to continuous time systems, requiring less mathematical preliminaries. The subjects treated are among the central topics of deterministic linear system theory: controllability, observability, realization theory, stability and stabilization by feedback, LQ-optimal control theory. Kalman filtering and LQC-control of stochastic systems are also discussed, as are modeling, time series analysis and model specification, along with model validation.This second edition has been updated and slightly expanded. In addition, supplementary material containing the exercises is now available on the Springer Link's book website.
Special Functions in Physics with MATLAB
1. Gamma Functions, Beta Functions, and related.- 2. Error Functions and Fresnel Integrals.- 3. Legendre Polynomials and Legendre Functions.- 4. Bessel and Airy Functions.- 5. Struve Functions and Related Functions.- 6. Confluent Hypergeometric Function.- 7. Coulomb Wave Functions.- 8. Hypergeometric Functions.- 9. J Functions.- 10. Jacobi Elliptic Functions.- 11. Elliptic Integrals.- 12. Weierstra? Functions.- 13. Parabolic Cylinder Functions.- 14. Mathieu Functions.- 15. Orthogonal Polynomials - General Aspects.- 16. Hermite Polynomials.- 17. Laguerre Polynomials.- 18. Chebychev Polynomials.- 19. Bernoulli and Euler Polynomials.- 20. Riemann Zeta Function.- 21. Piecewise Interpolation Polynomials.- 22. Wigner- and Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients.- 23. Coordinate Systems.
On The Various Forces Of Nature And Their Relations To Each Other
On The Various Forces Of Nature And Their Relations To Each Other: A Course Of Lectures Delivered Before A Juvenile Audience At The Royal Institution Edited By William Crookes, F.C.S. This book is a result of an effort made by us towards making a contribution to the preservation and repair of original classic literature. In an attempt to preserve, improve and recreate the original content, we have worked towards: 1. Type-setting & Reformatting: The complete work has been re-designed via professional layout, formatting and type-setting tools to re-create the same edition with rich typography, graphics, high quality images, and table elements, giving our readers the feel of holding a 'fresh and newly' reprinted and/or revised edition, as opposed to other scanned & printed (Optical Character Recognition - OCR) reproductions. 2. Correction of imperfections: As the work was re-created from the scratch, therefore, it was vetted to rectify certain conventional norms with regard to typographical mistakes, hyphenations, punctuations, blurred images, missing content/pages, and/or other related subject matters, upon our consideration. Every attempt was made to rectify the imperfections related to omitted constructs in the original edition via other references. However, a few of such imperfections which could not be rectified due to intentional\unintentional omission of content in the original edition, were inherited and preserved from the original work to maintain the authenticity and construct, relevant to the work. We believe that this work holds historical, cultural and/or intellectual importance in the literary works community, therefore despite the oddities, we accounted the work for print as a part of our continuing effort towards preservation of literary work and our contribution towards the development of the society as a whole, driven by our beliefs. We are grateful to our readers for putting their faith in us and accepting our imperfections with regard to preservation of the historical content. HAPPY READING!
Multifunctional Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices
The proposed technical reference book covers all points from synthesis, properties and application of transition metal oxide nanoparticle materials in energy storage and conversion devices. It addresses the application of non-toxic and environmentally-friendly metal oxide materials for a clean environment.
Power Plant Synthesis
Power Plant Synthesis provides an integrated approach to the operation, analysis, simulation, and dimensioning of power plants for electricity and thermal energy production.
Low Carbon Energy Supply Technologies and Systems
This book provides a deeper knowledge on individual low (and zero) carbon technologies in a comprehensive way covering details of recent developments on these technologies in different countries. It also covers materials and processes involved in the energy generation, transmission, distribution and so forth.
Active Matter Within and Around Us
This book presents a comprehensive review of various aspects of the novel and rapidly developing field of active matter, which encompasses a wide variety of self-organized self-driven energy-consuming media or agents. Most naturally occurring examples are of biological origin, spanning all scales from intracellular structures to swimming and crawling cells and microorganisms, to living tissues, bacterial colonies and flocks of birds. But the field also encompasses artificial systems, from colloids to soft robots. Intrinsically out of equilibrium and free of constraints of time-reversal symmetry, such systems display a range of surprising and unusual behaviors.​ In this book, the author emphasizes connections between fluid-mechanical, material, biological and technological aspects of active matter. He employs a minimum of mathematical tools, ensuring that the presentation is accessible to a wider scientific community. Richly illustrated, it gives the reader a clear picture of this fascinating field, its diverse phenomena and its open questions.
Applications of Field Theory Methods in Statistical Physics of Nonequilibrium Systems
This book formulates a unified approach to the description of many-particle systems combining the methods of statistical physics and quantum field theory. The benefits of such an approach are in the description of phase transitions during the formation of new spatially inhomogeneous phases, as well in describing quasi-equilibrium systems with spatially inhomogeneous particle distributions (for example, self-gravitating systems) and metastable states.The validity of the methods used in the statistical description of many-particle systems and models (theory of phase transitions included) is discussed and compared. The idea of using the quantum field theory approach and related topics (path integration, saddle-point and stationary-phase methods, Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation, mean-field theory, and functional integrals) is described in detail to facilitate further understanding and explore more applications.To some extent, the book could be treated as a brief encyclopedia of methods applicable to the statistical description of spatially inhomogeneous equilibrium and metastable particle distributions. Additionally, the general approach is not only formulated, but also applied to solve various practically important problems (gravitating gas, Coulomb-like systems, dusty plasmas, thermodynamics of cellular structures, non-uniform dynamics of gravitating systems, etc.).
Mathematical Approach to Climate Change and Its Impacts
This book presents important recent applied mathematics research on environmental problems and impacts due to climate change. Although there are inherent difficulties in addressing phenomena that are part of such a complex system, exploration of the subject using mathematical modelling is especially suited to tackling poorly understood issues in the field. It is in this spirit that the book was conceived. It is an outcome of the International INDAM Workshop "Mathematical Approach to Climate Change Impacts - MAC2I", held in Rome in March 2017. The workshop comprised four sessions, on Ecosystems, Hydrology, Glaciology, and Monitoring. The book includes peer-reviewed contributions on research issues discussed during each of these sessions or generated by collaborations among the specialists involved. Accurate parameter determination techniques are explained and innovative mathematical modelling approaches, presented. The book also provides useful material and mathematical problem-solving tools for doctoral programs dealing with the complexities of climate change.
An Introductory Path to Quantum Theory
Introduction to this Path.- Viewpoint.- Neither Particle nor Wave.- Schr繹dinger's Equation.- Operators and Canonical Quantization.- The Harmonic Oscillator.- Interpreting: Mathematics.- Interpreting: Physics.- The Language of Hilbert Space.- Interpreting: Measurement.- The Hydrogen Atom.- Angular Momentum.- The Rotation Group SO(3).- Spin and SU(2).- Bosons and Fermions.- Classical and Quantum Probability.- The Heisenberg Picture.- Uncertainty (Optional).- Speaking of Quantum Theory (Optional).- Complementarity (Optional).- Axioms (Optional).- And Gravity?.- Measure Theory: A Crash Course.
The fundamentals of ultra-high dimensional mosaic FPs
In the analytical review mosaic technology is investigated as a promising fundamental basis for the ultimate nano- and microminiaturization of ultra-high dimensional photodetectors. Characteristic fundamental approaches and models, theoretical and semiempirical prototypes, developed technological layouts and created research samples of ultra-high dimensional mosaic photodetectors (MFDs) with maximum image conversion efficiency are analyzed. The methodology of the comparative analysis of the image conversion efficiency and MFD operation principles of extra-high dimensionality was developed. The modern fundamental groundwork for the creation of MFPs with the maximum efficiency of image conversion has been formed. The technological prototypes of MFPs of extra high dimensionality have been proposed. An optical methodology to achieve the ultimate image conversion efficiency has been developed, and the possibility of creating MFPs without loss of elements in the generated images has been shown. The methodology for analyzing the temperature resolution of MFPs has been further investigated. The achieved level of mosaic technology of ultra-high dimensional photodetectors with maximum image conversion efficiency is considered.
El Sonido del Creador
A lo largo de la historia ha existido un conflicto entre la ciencia y la fe. Unos dicen que la ciencia admite herej穩as que contradicen a Dios, mientras otros afirman que la fe es fantasiosa y que no tiene fundamentos racionales; sin embargo es posible abordad ambos temas desde ambas perspectivas, tratando a la ciencia desde la fe, y a la fe desde la ciencia.Encontraremos que la fe no es irracional, si no que admite una racionalidad superior a nuestra mente limitada; y tambi矇n que la ciencia a veces nos lleva a actos de fe, pues nos revela verdades que no logramos asimilar del todo bien con nuestro entendimiento pero si con la fe."El Sonido del Creador" pretende romper las barreras entre la ciencia y la fe, ahondando en la naturaleza de la creaci籀n; el universo.
The Large, the Small and the Human Mind
Roger Penrose's views on the large-scale physics of the Universe, the small-scale world of quantum physics and the physics of the mind are controversial and widely discussed. This book is a fascinating and accessible summary of Roger Penrose's current thinking on those areas of physics in which he feels there are major unresolved problems. It is also a stimulating introduction to the radically new concepts that he believes will be fruitful in understanding the workings of the brain and the nature of the human mind.
The Principle Of Relativity With Applications To Physical Science
The Principle Of Relativity With Applications To Physical Science has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
The Universe
This volume provides a detailed description of some of the most active areas in astrophysics from the largest scales probed by the Planck satellite to massive black holes that lie at the heart of galaxies and up to the much awaited but stunning discovery of thousands of exoplanets. It contains the following chapters: - Jean-Philippe UZAN, The Big-Bang Theory: Construction, Evolution and Status - Jean-Loup PUGET, The Planck Mission and the Cosmic Microwave Background - Reinhard GENZEL, Massive Black Holes: Evidence, Demographics and Cosmic Evolution - Arnaud CASSAN, New Worlds Ahead: The Discovery of ExoplanetsReinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez shared the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy'", alongside Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity". The book corresponds to the twentieth Poincar矇 Seminar, held on November 21, 2015, at Institut Henri Poincar矇 in Paris. Originally written as lectures to a broad scientific audience, these four chapters are of high value and will be of general interest to astrophysicists, physicists, mathematicians and historians.
Optimal Coordination of Power Protective Devices with Illustrative Examples
Optimal Coordination of Power Protective Devices with Illustrative Examples Provides practical guidance on the coordination issue of power protective relays and fuses Protecting electrical power systems requires devices that isolate the components that are under fault while keeping the rest of the system stable. Optimal Coordination of Power Protective Devices with Illustrative Examples provides a thorough introduction to the optimal coordination of power systems protection using fuses and protective relays. Integrating fundamental theory and real-world practice, the text begins with an overview of power system protection and optimization, followed by a systematic description of the essential steps in designing optimal coordinators using only directional overcurrent relays. Subsequent chapters present mathematical formulations for solving many standard test systems, and cover a variety of popular hybrid optimization schemes and their mechanisms. The author also discusses a selection of advanced topics and extended applications including adaptive optimal coordination, optimal coordination with multiple time-current curves, and optimally coordinating multiple types of protective devices. Optimal Coordination of Power Protective Devices: Covers fuses and overcurrent, directional overcurrent, and distance relays Explains the relation between fault current and operating time of protective relays Discusses performance and design criteria such as sensitivity, speed, and simplicity Includes an up-to-date literature review and a detailed overview of the fundamentals of power system protection Features numerous illustrative examples, practical case studies, and programs coded in MATLAB(R) programming language Optimal Coordination of Power Protective Devices with Illustrative Examples is the perfect textbook for instructors in electric power system protection courses, and a must-have reference for protection engineers in power electric companies, and for researchers and industry professionals specializing in power system protection.
The Challenge of Sustainability in Agricultural Systems
The Effectiveness of Reserves Development to Increase Efficiency in Agricultural Organizations: Economic Assessment.- Economic Value-Added of Agricultural Business.- Value Assessment of Shares of Corporate Issuers by Applying the Methods of Fundamental Analysis in the Stock Exchange Market.- Key Development Strategies for Small Regional Agribusinesses.- The Model of Budget Management Based on the Process Approach in Wine Production Industry.
Covid-19 Pandemic Dynamics
Introduction 1. Data used for calculations, comparisons and verifications 2. Early stages of epidemics and exponential growth 3. Comparisons of the early stages of Covid-19 pandemic in different regions 4. Classical SIR model and the exact solution of differential equations 5. Statistics-based procedure of the parameter identification for the classical SIR model 6. Probability of meeting an infected person 7. Estimations of the effective reproduction number 8. Results of SIR simulation for the pandemic dynamics in different countries and regions 9. Hidden periods of Covid-19 pandemic 10. Long-time predictions for the pandemic dynamics 11. Identification of the new waves of the Covid-19 pandemic 12. General SIR model and its exact solution 13. Procedures of the parameter identification for the waves of epidemics 14. Applications of the general SIR model for calculations of the Covid-19 epidemic waves in Ukraine 15. Global waves of Covid-19 pandemic 16. Conclusions
Sound Scattering on Spherical Objects
Mathematical Basics of Plane Wave Scattering.- Scattering on Single- and Two-Layered Spheres.- Scattering on Janus Spheres.- Scattering on Homogeneous Bispheres.- Literature.
Flexible Engineering Toward Green Aircraft
The next generation of aircraft.- Aeroelastic wind tunnel tests of the RIBES wing model.- Validation of high fidelity computational methods for aeronautical FSI analyses.- High-fidelity static aeroelastic simulations of the Common Research Model.- Aero-elastic simulations using the NSMB CFD solver including results for a Strut Braced Wing.- Semi-analytical modeling of non-stationary fluid-structure interaction.- Fluid structure modelling of ground induced vibrations by mesh morphing and modal superposition.- Unsteady FSI Analysis of a Square Array of Tubes in Water Crossflow.- Risk measures applied to robust aerodynamic shape design optimization.- Aero-structural Optimization of a MALE configuration in the AGILE MDO Framework.
The Search for Supersymmetry in Hadronic Final States Using Boosted Object Reconstruction
Chapter1: Introduction.-Chapter2: Standard Model (and beyond!).- Chapter3: The Large Hadron Collider and the Atlas Detector.- Chapter4: Trigger and Data Acquisition.- Chapter5: Event Reconstruction.- Chapter6: Boosted Object Reconstruction.- Chapter7: Search for Massive Supersymmetry at 13 TEV.- Chapter8: Results.- Chapter9: Upgrade Studies.- Chapter10: Conclusion.
Light and Color in the Outdoors
All of science springs from the observation of nature. In this classic book, the late Marcel Minnaert accompanies the reader on a tour of nature's light and color and reveals the myriad phenomena that may be observed outdoors with no more than a pair of sharp eyes and an enquiring mind. From the intriguing shape of the dapples beneath a tree on a sunny day, to rainbows, mirages, and haloes, to the colors of liquid, ice, and the sky, to the appearance of the sun, moon, planets, and stars - Minnaert describes and explains them all in clear language accessible to the layman. This volume includes 80 new photographs, over half in color, illustrating many of the phenomena - ordinary and exotic - discussed in the book. Most of the new photos are by Pekka Parviainen, the renowned Finnish nature photographer.
It’s about Time
A readable and entertaining look at how Einstein's special theory of relativity gives us a new understanding of the nature of timeRelativity ought to be an important part of everyone's education. Its subject is time, with which we all think we are familiar. Einstein's special theory of relativity reveals that some of our most intuitive notions about time are shockingly wrong. This clear, lively, and informal exposition of special relativity takes a highly original approach to introduce readers to the true nature of time. It is accessible to anyone who remembers a little high school algebra and elementary geometry. It's About Time offers deep insights to curious readers who have no technical scientific background.
Einf羹hrung in die Fuzzy Mengenlehre
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich Physik - Technische Physik, Note: 1,0, AKAD University, ehem. AKAD Fachhochschule Stuttgart, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Unsere Gesellschaft verfolgt aktuell einen rasanten, technischen Fortschritt, bei dem immer mehr Aufgaben automatisiert werden sollen und Firmen mit starker digitaler Basis konventionelle Produkthersteller werttechnisch l瓣ngst 羹berholt haben. Einmal j瓣hrlich ermittelt das Marktforschungsinstitut Milward Brown die weltweit 10 wertvollsten Unternehmen. In diesem Ranking ist McDonald's mit Rang 9 das einzige Unternehmen, welches konventionelle statt digitaler Produkte verkauft. Jedoch sto?en automatisierte Systeme bei Anwendung der herk繹mmlichen Logik, nach welcher eine Aussage nur wahr oder unwahr sein kann, schnell an ihre Grenzen. Schon allein die simpel anmutende Fragestellung, ob ein Fahrzeug, das sich mit 80km/h bewegt, schnell ist oder nicht, l瓣sst sich mit herk繹mmlicher Logik nicht beantworten. Dem gegen羹ber stellt die Fuzzy-Mengenlehre ein Werkzeug bereit, um solche Aussagen mathematisch bewerten und Aussagen auch teilweise wahr oder teilweise falsch einstufen zu k繹nnen. Diese Arbeit stellt die Thematik Fuzzy-Mengenlehre im Allgemeinen vor und zeigt anhand praktischer Anwendungsbeispiele und dem abschlie?enden Ausblick, inwiefern solche Systeme zuk羹nftig eingesetzt werden k繹nnen.
Essential GCSE Physics
Isaac is a Department for Education project at the University of Cambridge that develops understanding and confidence through problem solving in the physical sciences, by combining accessible and concise print resources with a state of the art online study tool. This book is a co-publication between Periphyseos Press/Isaac and Cambridge University Press. ESSENTIAL GCSE PHYSICS helps you master the concepts of physics in senior-school level courses (including GCSE, IGCSE and the US High School Diploma). Use the exercises to practise applying fundamental principles of physics to a range of situations, beginning with manipulating the essential equations. Notes, examples and guidance are given and the origins of all formulae are clearly explained. All problems can be answered on the Isaac online platform. Registration is free and gives both students and teachers personalised support through a sophisticated online marking system for all problems and a section-by-section archive of video lessons.
Two-Phase Heat Transfer
This book is primarily intended for design and development engineers. The emphasis of this book is therefore on information which is of practical use. For this reason, theories and methods which do not provide useable solutions are dealt only briefly though sufficient references are provided for more information about them. Effort is made to provide the best available information for the design of heat exchangers in a clear and concise manner. This information includes experimental data, theoretical solutions, and empirical correlations. Accuracy and range of applicability of formulas/correlations presented is stated. Clear recommendations are made for application of the methods presented. The proposed book is on heat transfer in two-phase systems. These include boiling, condensation, gas-liquid mixtures, and gas-solid mixtures. Two-phase heat transfer is involved in numerous applications. These include heat exchangers in refrigeration and air conditioning, conventional and nuclear power generation, solar power plants, aeronautics, chemical processes, petroleum industry, etc. In recent years, there has been increasing use of miniature heat exchangers for computers and other electronic intensive products.
The Advent of Relativity
This popular book on special relativity was first published in Moscow back in 1961 under the Russian title "Очевидное? Нет, ещё неизведанное", which can be roughly translated as "Is it evident? No, it's unexplored yet!"This clear exposition of the history of the development of physical ideas which eventually led to the discovery of special relativity is a narration of how physicists, from Galileo, Newton to Lorentz, Poincare and Einstein were distracted in their reflections by numerous fallacies (like aether, dragged or not). Then by experiment, it was finally understood that the laws of cinematics and dynamics of the objects moving at high speed can only be formulated with physical definions for what is distance, time or force. After that and from the two basic Einstein postulates - the principle of relativity and the constancy of the speed of light - everything else followed.As the emphasis is on being exact from the scientific viewpoint, it is also accessible to any person with a high school background. The last chapter "Photon dreams" is addressed to science fiction fans. However, the author proves to the disappointed reader that the laws of physics that we know do not allow the construction of spaceships that could reach even the nearest stars during the life span of the team.
Kinetic Phenomena and Collective Modes in Highly Anisotropic Organic Conductors
The authors present a review of experimental and theoretical studies of transport phenomena in strongly anisotropic organic conductors. Considerable attention is paid to the phenomena that are specific to quasi-2D and quasi-1D conductive structures and have no analogues both in ordinary metals and in truly 2D or 1D conducting systems. Angular magnetoresistanceoscillations, de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas phenomena, high-temperature quantum oscillations of the magnetoresistance, and high-frequency resonances, including those arising due to the movement of electrons on open trajectories, are discussed. The resonant angular oscillations of high-frequency conductivity and weakly damped electromagnetic waves in quasi-2D organic conductors under strong spatial dispersion are considered. High frequency collective processes in highly anisotropic conducting systems in the presence of an external magnetic field are reviewed, taking into account the Fermi-liquid interaction. The specific properties of the quasi-two-dimensional electron energy spectrum and of the Fermi -liquid interaction in layered conductors leads to occurrence of weakly-damping eigen oscillations of the electron and spin densities which are absent in a quasi-isotropic metal.
Order and Fluctuations in Collective Dynamics of Swimming Bacteria
This thesis focuses on experimental studies on collective motion using swimming bacteria as model active-matter systems. It offers comprehensive reviews of state-of-the-art theories and experiments on collective motion from the viewpoint of nonequilibrium statistical physics. The author presents his experimental studies on two major classes of collective motion that had been well studied theoretically. Firstly, swimming filamentous bacteria in a thin fluid layer are shown to exhibit true, long-range orientational order and anomalously strong giant density fluctuations, which are considered universal and landmark signatures of collective motion by many numerical and theoretical works but have never been observed in real systems. Secondly, chaotic bacterial turbulence in a three-dimensional dense suspension without any long-range order as described in the first half is demonstrated to be capable of achieving antiferromagnetic vortex order by imposing a small number of constraints with appropriate periodicity. The experimental results presented significantly advance our fundamental understanding of order and fluctuations in collective motion of motile elements and their future applications.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Although originally invented and employed by physicists, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has proven to be a very efficient technique for studying a wide range of phenomena in many fields, such as chemistry, biochemistry, geology, archaeology, medicine, biotechnology, and environmental sciences. Acknowledging that not all studies require the same level of understanding of this technique, this book thus provides a practical treatise clearly oriented toward applications, which should be useful to students and researchers of various levels and disciplines. In this book, the principles of continuous wave EPR spectroscopy are progressively, but rigorously, introduced, with emphasis on interpretation of the collected spectra. Each chapter is followed by a section highlighting important points for applications, together with exercises solved at the end of the book. A glossary defines the main terms used in the book, and particular topics, whose knowledge is not required forunderstanding the main text, are developed in appendices for more inquisitive readers.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
This book shows how the fundamentals of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are practically implemented and illustrates the diversity of current applications. The technique is used at various levels, and applications are presented in order of increasing difficulty, with reference to theoretically obtained results. This book features a diverse array of application examples, from fields such as ionizing radiation dosimetry, neurodegenerative diseases, structural transitions in proteins, and the origins of terrestrial life. The final chapter of this book highlights the principles and applications of the technique of ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, followed by a brief introduction to advanced EPR techniques such as electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM), hyperfine sub-level correlation (HYSCORE), pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR), and continuous wave electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) experiments.
Waste-To-Energy Approaches Towards Zero Waste
Waste-to-Energy Approaches Towards Zero Waste: Interdisciplinary Methods of Controlling Waste provides a comprehensive overview of the key technologies and approaches to achieve zero waste from energy. The book emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to waste-to-energy using fundamental concepts and principles, and presents key methods, their applications, and perspectives on future development. The book provides readers with the tools to make key decisions on waste-to-energy projects from zero-waste principles, while incorporating sustainability and life cycle assessments from financial and environmental perspectives. Waste-to-Energy Approaches Towards Zero Waste: Interdisciplinary Methods of Controlling Waste offers practical guidance on achieving energy with zero waste ideal for researchers and graduate students involved in waste-to-energy and renewable energy, waste remediation, and sustainability.
Recharging China in War and Revolution, 1882-1955
In Recharging China in War and Revolution, 1882-1955, Ying Jia Tan explores the fascinating politics of Chinese power consumption as electrical industries developed during seven decades of revolution and warfare.Tan traces this history from the textile-factory power shortages of the late Qing, through the struggle over China's electrical industries during its civil war, to the 1937 Japanese invasion that robbed China of 97 percent of its generative capacity. Along the way, he demonstrates that power industries became an integral part of the nation's military-industrial complex, showing how competing regimes asserted economic sovereignty through the nationalization of electricity.Based on a wide range of published records, engineering reports, and archival collections in China, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States, Recharging China in War and Revolution, 1882-1955 argues that, even in times of peace, the Chinese economy operated as though still at war, constructing power systems that met immediate demands but sacrificed efficiency and longevity.Thanks to generous funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, through The Sustainable History Monograph Pilot, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
From Complex to Simple
This book presents simple interdisciplinary stochastic models meant as a gentle introduction to the field of non-equilibrium statistical physics. It focuses on the analysis of two-state models with cooperative effects, which are versatile enough to be applied to many physical and social systems. The book also explores a variety of mathematical techniques to solve the master equations that govern these models: matrix theory, empty-interval methods, mean field theory, a quantum approach and mapping onto classical Ising models. The models discussed are at the confluence of nanophysics, biology, mathematics and the social sciences, and they provide a pedagogical path toward understanding the complex dynamics of particle self-assembly with the tools of statistical physics.
Science and Computing with Raspberry Pi
The portable Raspberry Pi computing platform with the power of Linux yields an exciting exploratory tool for beginning scientific computing. Science and Computing with Raspberry Pi takes the reader through explorations in a variety of computing exercises with the physical sciences. The book guides the user through: configuring your Raspberry Pi and Linux operating system; understanding the software requirements while using the Pi for scientific computing; computing exercises in physics, astronomy, chaos theory, and machine learning.
Handbook of Exact Solutions to the Nonlinear Schr繹dinger Equations
This book is the result of years of work by the authors, looking to serve the research communities involved with the NLSE by collecting all known solutions in one resource. In addition, the book organizes the solutions by classifying and grouping them based on aspects and symmetries they possess. Although most of the solutions presented in this book have been derived elsewhere using various methods, the authors present a systematic derivation of many solutions and even include new derivations. They have also presented symmetries and reductions that connect different solutions through transformations and enable classifying new solutions into known classes. For the user to verify that the presented solutions do satisfy the NLSE, this monumental work is accompanied by Mathematica notebooks containing all solutions. This work also features a large number of figures, and animations are included to help visualize solutions and their dynamics.
Generalized Hypergeometric Functions
In 1813, Gauss first outlined his studies of the hypergeometric series, which has been of great significance in the mathematical modelling of physical phenomena. This detailed monograph outlines the fundamental relationships between the hypergeometric function and special functions. In nine comprehensive chapters, Rao and Lakshminarayanan present a unified approach to the study of special functions of mathematics using group theory. This book offers fresh insight into various aspects of special functions and their relationship, utilizing transformations and group theory and their applications. It will lay the foundation for deeper understanding for both experienced researchers and novice students.
Characterisation Methods in Solid State and Materials Science
Solid state science is the study of matter, specifically of solid systems. The field encompasses materials science, solid state chemistry, solid state physics and parts of electrical engineering. In this book, Kelly Morrison presents a comprehensive overview of the various characterisation techniques involved in solid state research. The generalised approach offers a deeper understanding of the benefits, drawbacks and overlap within different characterisation techniques. The book examines techniques within diffraction, microscopy and spectroscopy, and discusses thermal, electric and magnetic characterisation. It also provides a background to general physics, including atomic theory, general optics, Fourier transforms, magnetism, and crystallographic notation, equipping readers with the knowledge they need to understand solid state science techniques.
Experimental Particle Physics
Experimental Particle Physics is written for advanced undergraduate or beginning postgraduate students starting data analysis in experimental particle physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Assuming only a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and special relativity, the text reviews the current state of affairs in particle physics, before comprehensively introducing all the ingredients that go into an analysis. It encompasses how researchers go from electronic signals in the detectors to visualising what particles were produced in a collision, and how we determine if that is consistent with Standard Model predictions or indicates the presence of yet unseen particles. The results are usually represented in what we call plots, and this book ensures students can understand what goes into the making of the plots as well as how to interpret them. An overview of jet substructure techniques from an experimentalist's perspective is also provided, along with a short introduction to modern machine learning methods, which focusses on its application in particle physics data analysis. The exercises at the end of each chapter are designed to ensure the student is aware of the common pitfalls encountered during data analyses.
Principles of Protein-Protein Association
Protein-protein associations are fundamental to biological mechanisms. Developed from lectures given to beginning graduate students in cell and molecular biology, this book presents general principles of thermodynamics and kinetics, and structural principles of protein-protein interface as well as guided reading of informative classic papers. Faculties organizing similar classes, and students and researchers wishing to learn on their own, will also find this book of use.
Physics of Cancer, 2nd Edition, Volume 1
In order to increase the healing opportunities of cancer, it is important to impair the dissemination and the spreading of cancer cells from the initial tumor and the formation of metastases in other organs or tissues of the human body. The underlying physical principles of these oncological processes are a major constituent of the research field highlighted in Physics of Cancer. This completely revised second edition is improved linguistically with multiple increases of the number of figures and the inclusion of several novel chapters such as actin filaments during matrix invasion, microtubuli during migration and matrix invasion, nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion, and the active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion.
An Approach to Dark Matter Modelling
In the field of particle and astrophysics one of the major unresolved problems is to understand the nature and properties of dark matter, which constitutes almost 80% of the matter content of the universe. This book gives a pedagogical introduction to the field of dark matter in general, and in particular to the model building perspective. Starting from the evidence and need for dark matter, it goes into the deeper understanding of how to accommodate a dark matter candidate in a particle physics model. This book focuses on teaching the basic tools for model building of dark matter, starting from the easiest and gradually progressing to the most difficult. Although there are plenty of dark matter models available, this book concentrates on the important ones. It aims to motivate the reader to propose a new dark matter model complying with all observational constraints.
