The Two Layers of Physics
According to the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics, the wave function is a pure mathematical entity with no other reality, than that its size renders the probability of observing a particle at a given position in space. The author, on the other hand, believes, that the wave field is very real and that it directs the particles into the observed positions by exerting forces upon them. More importantly, he claims that he has found experimental proof of this. These experiments are described in detail in the book and may easily be repeated by anyone interested. Apart from proving the main point, the experiments yield some astounding results which, among other things, suggest that here are signals that move faster than light in contradiction with Einstein's theory. It is well-known that a similar situation arises in connection with the phenomenon of entanglement. This leads the author to a closer examination of the basics of the two theories of relativity. As he tries to make quantum mechanics more easily comprehensible, so with relativity. He reintroduces the concepts of absolute time and absolute mass, and on this basis makes surprising new derivations of Einstein's famous energy equation, the dependence of mass with velocity and of the formula for the time dilation. A final question. Can consciousness play any role in physical theory? The author answers affirmatively, and in fact he makes diligent use of the concept in his models. Hence the title of the book.
A Non-Standard Relativistic Approach for Simulating Disk Galaxies
Scientific Study from the year 2020 in the subject Physics - Astronomy, grade: -, language: English, abstract: In the present work, the gravitational discrepancies observed in disk galaxies are explained using a new relativistic theory beyond the standard model of physics. It assumes the existence of bosonic quasi-particles of a scalar field, which reach different relativistic velocities v
Hypersonic Slender Body Aerodynamics
One-of-a-kind textbook on theoretical and application aspects of hypersonic slender body aerodynamics with many didactic features included throughout Developed using class-tested course material, Hypersonic Slender Body Aerodynamics presents the theoretical and application aspects of the subject in a precise, concise, and student-friendly manner. The text includes a large number of worked examples, figures, diagrams, and tables, slides for lecturers, and a list of exercise problems with answers at the end of each chapter. This book covers the subject material beginning from the definition of the slender body geometry through to the study of flow field around the body and the calculation of the aerodynamic and thermal loads acting on the body at speeds ranging from low to high (i.e., from incompressible to hypersonic speeds). The Mach number independence principle and approximate theories for caret wings are also covered, among many other key topics. This book is unique in its comprehensive coverage of the topic, enabling readers to find information in one place instead of scattered throughout proprietary wind tunnel test data, flight test data, government technical reports, scientific literature sources, and numerical methods. Some of the concepts explored in Hypersonic Slender Body Aerodynamics include: Wings of supersonic aircraft, covering sharp leading edges and ground and viscous effects, and pressure distribution on surfaces, covering transverse and longitudinal flow Hypersonic aerodynamics, covering atmospheric properties, hypersonic-flow characteristics, governing equations, and flow past a semi-wedge Application of slender-body theory, covering leading-edge heat transfer, sublimation, aerodynamic effects, nose bluntness, blast-wave theory, and thin shock layers Axisymmetric slender bodies, covering potential flow solutions and pressure distribution, and drag of slender bodies, covering shape factor and blunt after-body corrections Skillfully written with a clear and engaging writing style, Hypersonic Slender Body Aerodynamics is an essential learning resource on the subject for undergraduate and graduate students of aerospace engineering and practicing engineers working in aerospace research labs and industries. It is a perfect textbook for courses on slender body aerodynamics.
Galileo and Satellite Navigation
This book explores the Galilean method for geolocation, placing it in historical and astronomical context. It bridges the techniques developed by the Greeks and medieval astronomers with later innovations like precision clocks, 20th-century wireless technology, and space-based navigation. The primary source is the twenty-volume National Edition of the Works of Galileo (published 1890-1909 by Antonio Favaro) and the update edited by Michele Camerota and Patrizia Ruffo in 2019, which includes previously unpublished documents on Galileo's negotiations with the Spanish government for selling his longitude-determining method at sea. This book inspired the 2024 "International Research Day in the World," focused on geolocation, organized by the Italian Permanent Delegation to International Organizations in Paris. In collaboration with Museo Galileo in Florence and Sorbonne Universit矇, the event featured the exhibition "Galileo and Satellite Navigation," showcased at the Pierre et Marie Curie Campus in Paris (June 13-28, 2024), and later at the Italian Institutes of Culture in Prague and Amsterdam, and at the Perimeter Institute in Waterloo, Canada.
Recovery of Waste Heat from Refrigeration Machines
Conventional water heating and desalination methods are energy-intensive and costly. To remedy this problem, coupling a refrigeration machine with a domestic water heating unit and/or a brackish water distillation unit represents a promising and economical solution. The aim of this project is to carry out a theoretical and experimental study of two domestic refrigerators which, in addition to their main refrigeration function, also heat domestic hot water. The study also concerns an air conditioner which, in addition to its basic function, distills brackish or sea water. The theoretical study involves modeling the operation and coupling of the refrigerator to the water heater. The proposed mathematical model is validated by comparing theoretical results with experiments carried out at ENIG's Energy, Water, Environment and Processes research laboratory, and also by comparing the model's numerical results with existing work in the literature. A numerical study is carried out to optimize the geometry of the helical condenser dedicated to the water heating process.
Fundamentals of Solar Physics
This is an introductory textbook in solar physics designed to be used in a one semester graduate level solar physics or space physics course. It includes an extensive supplement with over 100 pages of problem solutions. This also makes it ideal for use as a self study aid in solar physics, space physics or applied plasma physics.
Synthesized Nano-Crystalline Doped NaAl SiO2 for Temperature Sensing Application
Embark on a groundbreaking journey with Mr. Kyalo Ngesu Kiteme as he delves into the realm of cutting-edge temperature sensing technology. In his meticulously crafted manuscript, Kiteme unveils a sophisticated approach to synthesizing a nano material that does monitoring and understanding temperature variations, offering insights that transcend traditional boundaries. With a keen eye for innovation, Kiteme's work promises to revolutionize our understanding of temperature dynamics, presenting a valuable contribution to the ever-evolving field of sensing technology especially at nano scale levels. Join the vanguard of scientific exploration with Mr. Kyalo Ngesu Kiteme and immerse yourself in a world where precision meets progress.
Math Intro Gen Relativ (2nd Ed)
The book aims to give a mathematical presentation of the theory of general relativity (that is, spacetime-geometry-based gravitation theory) to advanced undergraduate mathematics students. Mathematicians will find spacetime physics presented in the definition-theorem-proof format familiar to them. The given precise mathematical definitions of physical notions help avoiding pitfalls, especially in the context of spacetime physics describing phenomena that are counter-intuitive to everyday experiences.In the first part, the differential geometry of smooth manifolds, which is needed to present the spacetime-based gravitation theory, is developed from scratch. Here, many of the illustrating examples are the Lorentzian manifolds which later serve as spacetime models. This has the twofold purpose of making the physics forthcoming in the second part relatable, and the mathematics learnt in the first part less dry. The book uses the modern coordinate-free language of semi-Riemannian geometry. Nevertheless, to familiarise the reader with the useful tool of coordinates for computations, and to bridge the gap with the physics literature, the link to coordinates is made through exercises, and via frequent remarks on how the two languages are related.In the second part, the focus is on physics, covering essential material of the 20th century spacetime-based view of gravity: energy-momentum tensor field of matter, field equation, spacetime examples, Newtonian approximation, geodesics, tests of the theory, black holes, and cosmological models of the universe.Prior knowledge of differential geometry or physics is not assumed. The book is intended for self-study, and the solutions to all the 283 exercises are included.The second edition corrects errors from the first edition, and includes 60 new exercises, 10 new remarks, 29 new figures, some of which cover auxiliary topics that were omitted in the first edition.
Subalternity in Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things
The book based on the author's Ph.D. thesis studies subalternity or marginalization in Arundhati Roy's maiden novel, The God of Small Things focusing on gender, class and caste. The author of the book studies The God of Small Things through a postcolonial lens akin to that of the Subaltern Studies Collective founded by Dr, Ranajit Guha, the late Indian social scientist and historian and concludes that to Roy caste is the most important exclusionary category in India is caste and not gender or class. Roy depicts this fictionally in The God of Small Things and is a practitioner of what can be called "sociological imagination". While it is difficult to categorize Arundhati Roy as a theoretician her intuitive insight fictionally presented will provide food for thought for many interested in the subcontinent.
Proofs and Logical Arguments Supporting the Foundational Laws of Physics
For scientists, students, and curious laypersons, this compilation, Proofs and Logical Arguments Supporting the Foundational Laws of Physics: A Handy Guide for Students and Scientists examines the most important laws and relationships taught in science courses, attaching a short accessible proof or logical argument for each assertion.
Design of Shipboard Power System Grounding / Earthing
This book delves into the diverse prerequisites for grounding and earthing in contemporary ship power systems, addressing the evolving landscape of ship design influenced by power electronics The introduction of transformative technologies such as variable frequency drives and electric propulsion systems has heightened the complexity of shipboard grounding systems. This complexity necessitates accommodation for robust electronic systems, extending the focus beyond traditional grounding aspects to include common mode grounding and its profound design implications. Engineers now require a comprehensive guide to navigate the intricacies of shipboard electric power systems. To meet this imperative, Design of Shipboard Power System Grounding/Earthing provides an in-depth exploration of the subject. It offers a step-by-step initiation into the grounding process, supported by numerous case studies for enhanced comprehension. Aligned with both US and international standards, this book serves as an essential resource for engineers engaged in the design and implementation of shipboard power systems. Key highlights for readers encompass meticulous comparisons between terrestrial power system grounding and shipboard power grounding, as well as comprehensive discussions on high resistance grounding, shipboard AC system grounding requirements, DC system grounding, and more, including common mode grounding and earthing. The inclusion of abundant engineering drawings supports significant case studies, enhancing the practical application of the material. Designed to cater to a broad audience, Design of Shipboard Power System Grounding/Earthing is invaluable for readers involved with shipboard electrical systems, including shipbuilders, ship designers, ship operators, and those in regulatory bodies such as the Navy, USCG, ABS, among others. This resource is also well-suited for academicians, particularly final-year undergraduate and graduate students in marine electrical engineering programs
The Age of Electroacoustics
The transformation of acoustics into electro-acoustics, a field at the intersection of science and technology, guided by electrical engineering, industry, and the military. At the end of the nineteenth century, acoustics was a science of musical sounds; the musically trained ear was the ultimate reference. Just a few decades into the twentieth century, acoustics had undergone a transformation from a scientific field based on the understanding of classical music to one guided by electrical engineering, with industrial and military applications. In this book, Roland Wittje traces this transition, from the late nineteenth-century work of Hermann Helmholtz to the militarized research of World War I and media technology in the 1930s. Wittje shows that physics in the early twentieth century was not only about relativity and atomic structure but encompassed a range of experimental, applied, and industrial research fields. The emergence of technical acoustics and electroacoustics illustrates a scientific field at the intersection of science and technology. Wittje starts with Helmholtz's and Rayleigh's work and its intersection with telegraphy and early wireless, and continues with the industrialization of acoustics during World War I, when sound measurement was automated and electrical engineering and radio took over the concept of noise. Researchers no longer appealed to the musically trained ear to understand sound but to the thinking and practices of electrical engineering. Finally, Wittje covers the demilitarization of acoustics during the Weimar Republic and its remilitarization at the beginning of the Third Reich. He shows how technical acoustics fit well with the Nazi dismissal of pure science, representing everything that "German Physics" under National Socialism should be: experimental, applied, and relevant to the military.
Photoionization of Atoms
Photoionization is a process of ionization by photons. It is one of the most important processes for studying astronomical objects. This Special Issue will provide an overview of photoionization, characteristic features, data availability, and the methodologies used to study these topics both experimentally and theoretically.Photoionization proceeds directly, exhibiting a smooth background, through a two-step process when an autoionizing state forms before ionization, introducing resonances. Only one theoretical approach, close coupling approximation, reproduces resonances along with the background. Theoretical studies have the advantage of covering a wide energy range and many excited states. Hence, much more theoretical research has been carried out in comparison to experiments, which are limited by the number of sophisticated set-ups required.Experimentation is challenging. The now-surpassed third-generation synchrotron facilities gave access to high photon flux. However, founding agencies often prefer to support applied research because of the relatively immediate and abundant number of publications associated with the lack of a profound understanding. This Special Issue hopes to change this attitude.
The Power of Nuclear
From the pilot's seat in the B-29 that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, to Chernobyl's exclusion zone and to the site in Finland where highly radioactive waste will be buried, this is the incredible story of nuclear power. Providing a vivid account of the characters and events that have shaped the world's most controversial energy source and our thinking around it, The Power of Nuclear weaves politics, culture and technology to explore nuclear power's past and future. In his quest to disentangle myth from facts, Marco Visscher asks: How dangerous is radiation? What should you do after a nuclear accident? Have nuclear weapons really made the world less safe? And why do some still reject the evidence showing the atom can provide unlimited clean energy, free countries of their dependence on fossil fuels and combat climate change? This is an informed look at what we might do with nuclear power - and what nuclear power is doing to us.
The Study of Astronomy, adapted to the capacities of youth;In twelve familiar dialogues, between a tutor and his pupil
The Study of Astronomy, adapted to the capacities of youth;In twelve familiar dialogues, between a tutor and his pupil: explaining the general ph疆nomena of the heavenly bodies, the theory of the tides, &c., stands as a beacon in the world of books, bridging the gap between past and present. Once considered among the old books, this classic work-like so many forgotten and ancient books-has shaped our understanding of culture and history. It's a remarkable example of history books that have influenced generations, and now, through the dedication of Alpha Editions-your trusted book publisher-it's reborn in a fresh, elegant format. We've carefully retyped, redesigned, and improved this book so it's much more than just another title to read. Now you can enjoy clear, easy-to-read pages without any blurry scans or faded text. By choosing this edition, you're investing in more than a book-you're safeguarding a legacy. Your support keeps a remarkable piece of human heritage alive, ensuring its lessons and inspirations continue to resonate well into the future.
The Study of Elementary Electricity and Magnetism by Experiment;Containing Two Hundred Experiments Performed with Simple, Home-made Apparatus
The Study of Elementary Electricity and Magnetism by Experiment;Containing Two Hundred Experiments Performed with Simple, Home-made Apparatus, stands as a beacon in the world of books, bridging the gap between past and present. Once considered among the old books, this classic work-like so many forgotten and ancient books-has shaped our understanding of culture and history. It's a remarkable example of history books that have influenced generations, and now, through the dedication of Alpha Editions-your trusted book publisher-it's reborn in a fresh, elegant format. We've carefully retyped, redesigned, and improved this book so it's much more than just another title to read. Now you can enjoy clear, easy-to-read pages without any blurry scans or faded text. By choosing this edition, you're investing in more than a book-you're safeguarding a legacy. Your support keeps a remarkable piece of human heritage alive, ensuring its lessons and inspirations continue to resonate well into the future.
Paradigms of Titanate Centered Energy Materials
This book will systematically summarize the key points in the design, synthesis, property improvements and application expansion of titanate centered perovskites. The different perovskite structures and the rational design of functional materials will be discussed in detail.
Thermal Energy Systems
The text provides in-depth knowledge about recent advances in solar collector system, photovoltaic system, role of thermal energy systems in buildings, phase change materials, geothermal energy, biofuels, thermal management systems for EV in social and industrial applications.
Urania’s Star Charts
Discover the wonders of the heavens in this beautifully illustrated star atlas featuring over 70 astronomical constellations.Urania's Star Charts is a brilliant testament to centuries of celestial observation. First published in 1825, its 32 illustrated cards present heavenly figures sprawled across the stars in stunning detail. Showcasing key constellations like Ursa Major and the twelve zodiacs, it encapsulates stories of the heavens in brilliantly coloured luminary forms, transforming the night sky into a canvas of legend and lore.Republished here with additional writings on astronomy, plus comprehensive astronomical descriptions and the ancient fables of each constellation, Urania's Star Charts: The Original Astronomical Illustrations is an artefact of celestial cartography unlike any other. It represents a unique period of star atlas production, where age-old knowledge, folkloric narratives, and groundbreaking research meet. A truly stunning example of where the arts and sciences collide, it's perfect for those interested in the history of astronomy and the study of the heavens.
Urania's Star Charts
Discover the wonders of the heavens in this beautifully illustrated star atlas featuring over 70 astrological constellations.Urania's Star Charts is a brilliant testament to centuries of celestial observation. First published in 1825, its 32 illustrated cards present heavenly figures sprawled across the stars in stunning detail. Showcasing key constellations like Ursa Major and the twelve zodiacs, it encapsulates stories of the heavens in brilliantly coloured luminary forms, transforming the night sky into a canvas of legend and lore.Republished here with additional writings on astronomy, plus comprehensive astronomical descriptions and the ancient fables of each constellation, Urania's Star Charts: The Original Astronomical Illustrations is an artefact of celestial cartography unlike any other. It represents a unique period of star atlas production, where age-old knowledge, folkloric narratives, and groundbreaking research meet. A truly stunning example of where the arts and sciences collide, it's perfect for those interested in the history of astronomy and the study of the heavens.
Biofuels
Offering a comprehensive overview of biofuels and bioenergy systems, this book describes advances in technologies and global policies around biofuels as a renewable energy source. It discusses current status and potential challenges in developed and developing countries.
Measurement and Detection of Radiation
As useful to students and nuclear professionals as its popular predecessors, this fifth edition provides the most up-to-date and accessible introduction to radiation detector materials, systems, and applications. There have been many advances in the field of radiation detection, most notably in practical applications. Incorporating these important developments, Measurement and Detection of Radiation, Fifth Edition provides the most up-to-date and accessible introduction to radiation detector materials, systems, and applications. It also includes more problems and updated references and bibliographies, and step-by-step derivations and numerous examples illustrate key concepts. New to the Fifth Edition: - Expanded chapters on semiconductor detectors, data analysis methods, health physics fundamentals, and nuclear forensics.- Updated references and bibliographies.- New and expanded problems.
Feature Papers in Electronic Materials Section (Volume 2)
This reprint, entitled "Feature Papers in Electronic Materials Section - Volume 2", is a collection of selected papers recently published in the MDPI journal Materials, focusing on the latest advances in electronic materials and devices in different fields (e.g., power and high-frequency electronics, optoelectronic devices, sensors, etc.). The first part of the volume is dedicated to the most popular wide-bandgap semiconductors (WBG), i.e., silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), focusing on specific materials and device technology issues, as well as new applications. The second part of the reprint is a miscellaneous collection of other electronic materials for various applications, including graphene, and other materials for high-frequency devices, solar cells, and sensors.
Turbulence from Earth to Planets, Stars and Galaxies
This Reprint aims to honor Dr Jackson Rea Herring, who passed away on May 26th 2022 in Boulder, Colorado, after a short illness. Jack was a Senior Scientist at the Mesoscale Microscale Meteorology Division at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) at Boulder, Colorado, a position he held since 1978. He earned his B.S. in Physics from Wake Forrest College and his M.S. and Ph.D., also in Physics, from the University of North Carolina. Jack worked as a physicist at the Theoretical Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, and the Institute for Space Studies, New York City, N.Y. He was first a Long-Term Visitor and then a Senior Scientist at the Advanced Science Program (ASP) of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) at Boulder, Colorado. From 1978, he was a Senior Scientist at the Mesoscale Research Section of the Mesoscale Microscale Meteorology Division of NCAR. Jack was Senior Postdoctoral Fellow at the Advanced Study Program at NCAR, a Green Scholar at the University of California, San Diego, and Professeur associ矇 ? l'lnstitut de M矇canique de Grenoble. He served on the Advisory Board of Editors for Meteorology and Oceanography, World Scientific Publishing Co., was an Associate Editor of Physics of Fluids, and was an Associate of the La Jolla Institute. He also served on the Advisory Committee of the NASA-Stanford Center for Turbulence Research.
A Text Book of Modern Physics
Classical mechanics deals with the question of how an object moves when it is subjected to various forces, and also with the question of what forces act on an object which is not moving.The word "classical" indicates that we are not discussing situations in which an object moves with a velocity which is an appreciable fraction of the velocity of light or phenomena on the atomic scale. The description of atomic phenomena requires quantum mechanics, and the description of phenomena at very high velocities requires Einstein's Theory of Relativity. Both quantum mechanics and relativity were invented in the twentieth century; the laws of classical mechanics were stated by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687. The laws of classical mechanics enable us to calculate the trajectories of bullets and baseballs, planets and space vehicles. Using these laws we can predict the position-versus-time relation for a cylinder rolling down an inclined boat or for an oscillating pendulum and can calculate the tension in the wire when a picture is hanging on a wall.
Induction Heater Technological Process
The monograph deals with technological processes, in particular, induction heating of metal, heating of the oil pipeline and drying of grain by induction heaters. A detailed classification of the means of mechanization of these processes is presented.The analysis of design features of the most common installations for metal heating, oil pipeline and grain drying is performed. Theoretical and empirical dependences are presented that reflect the influence of the main operating factors on the efficiency of the grain drying process.Optimal modes of grain heat treatment processes and design parameters of contact-type installations are proved.The monograph is intended for undergraduates, doctoral students and teachers of technical universities.
First Steps in Space-Time
This book provides an accessible, authentic, and readable introduction to the theory of special relativity. It is ideal for readers with an interest in physics and a little working knowledge of maths, who have studied mathematics at about A-level standard: professionals such as accountants, bankers, economists, engineers or lawyers.
Information-Theoretic Aspects of Channel State Quantization
This thesis investigates the channels with an altruistic helper, a party that observes the channel noise - or more generally, the channel state - and produces rate-limited quantization to assist the data transmission. Factors to be considered include various notions of capacity, different assistance revelation, and the effect of message cognizance and feedback. The thesis is structured in two primary parts. In the first part, four different notions of capacity are considered on the additive noise channels with a helper: The first notion, referred to as the erasures-only capacity, requires that the decoder must avoid unconscious errors but may declare decoding failures with a small probability. We prove that on the memoryless modulo-additive noise channels (MMANCs), the erasures-only capacity matches the Shannon capacity. This result is generalized to continuous additive noise channels. The second and third notions considered are the listsize capacity and the cutoff rate. The listsize capacity requires that the decoder generate a list containing all the possible messages, and the p-th moment of the cardinality of that list converge to one for given p > 0. The cutoff rate is similar but restricts the list to messages at least as likely as the transmitted one. It is demonstrated that on the MMANCs, the listsize capacity equals the cutoff rate, and the same result is established on the Gaussian channel with decoder assistance. The fourth notion examined is the zero-error capacity, which requires that the message be decoded exactly with zero probability of error. On the MMANCs, both the scenarios with and without feedback are studied. In its presence, a complete solution of said capacity is provided. In its absence, a solution is provided when the alphabet size is prime. For all other cases, upper and lower bounds on the capacity are derived, leading to a necessary and sufficient condition for its positivity. Thanks to the help, the zero-error capacity may increase by mo
Active Magnetic Bearing for High Speed Application
Active magnetic bearing (AMB) is a substitute for conventional bearing, which provides electromagnetic force to support the rotating part respecting the stator. The utilization of electromagnetic force makes this bearing "active". The attraction force of an AMB system can be controlled by manipulating the input so that the rotor can levitate at the required position. In this book describes the study, analysis and design of single coil and multi coil Active Magnetic Bearing system.
Polarization tomography of biological fluids polycrystalline films
The principles and effectiveness of the method of laser polarization interferometry of dehydrated blood films (facies) for the differential diagnosis of thyroid pathology have been studied. For this purpose, a theoretical description of the processes of formation and layer-by-layer phase scanning of the polarization structure of speckle fields in the blood facies of donors and patients with nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, and papillary cancer has been developed for the first time. A statistical analysis of holographically reconstructed maps of polarization ellipticity of the singly scattered component of the speckle field was conducted. Based on this analysis, the most sensitive markers for the diagnosis and differentiation of thyroid pathology were identified. Excellent diagnostic accuracy (91%-93%) and very good differentiation accuracy (86%-89%) were achieved for nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, and papillary cancer.
3D digital holographic polarimetry
The experimental validation of methods for digital holographic 3D layer-by-layer reconstruction of complex amplitude distributions in different phase planes of diffuse biological tissues histological sections microscopic images with subsequent reconstruction of azimuth and ellipticity polarization maps is presented. Polarization dependencies of the integral and layer-by-layer vector structure of the laser object field azimuth and ellipticity distributions in two types of biological layers samples - fibrous myocardium and parenchymal liver - have been investigated. Scenarios and dynamics of changes in the values of statistical moments of the 1st to 4th orders, which characterize the integral and layer-by-layer polarization maps of diffuse biological tissues histological sections microscopic images with different morphological structures, have been determined. Criteria for selecting the polarization components of the object field that are formed by acts of scattering of different multiplicities have been identified.
Uncovering Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model
This textbook provides an accessible introduction to quantum field theory and the Standard Model of particle physics. It adopts a distinctive pedagogical approach with clear, intuitive explanations to complement the mathematical exposition. The book begins with basic principles of quantum field theory, relating them to quantum mechanics, classical field theory, and statistical mechanics, before building towards a detailed description of the Standard Model. Its concepts and components are introduced step by step, and their dynamical roles and interactions are gradually established. Advanced topics of current research are woven into the discussion and key chapters address physics beyond the Standard Model, covering subjects such as axions, technicolor, and Grand Unified Theories. This book is ideal for graduate courses and as a reference and inspiration for experienced researchers. Additional material is provided in appendices, while numerous end-of-chapter problems and quick questions reinforce the understanding and prepare students for their own research.
Calabi-Yau Manifolds (2nd Ed)
Calabi-Yau spaces are complex spaces with a vanishing first Chern class, or, equivalently, with a trivial canonical bundle (sheaf), so they admit a Ricci-flat K瓣hler metric that satisfies the vacuum Einstein equations. Used to construct possibly realistic (super)string models, they are being studied vigorously by physicists and mathematicians alike. Calabi-Yau spaces have also turned up in computations of probability amplitudes in quantum field theory. This book collects and reviews relevant results on several major techniques of (1) constructing such spaces and (2) computing physically relevant quantities such as spectra of massless fields and their Yukawa interactions. These are amended by (3) stringy corrections and (4) results about the moduli space and its geometry, including a preliminary discussion of the still conjectural universal deformation space. It also contains a lexicon of assorted terms and important results and theorems, which can be used independently.The first edition of Calabi-Yau Manifolds: A Bestiary for Physicists was the first systematic book covering Calabi-Yau spaces, related mathematics, and their application in physics. Thirty years on, this new edition explores the intense development in the field since 1992, providing an additional 400 references. It also addresses advances in machine learning and other computer-aided methods that have recently made physically relevant computations feasible, opened new avenues in the field, and begun to deliver concretely on the now 40-year-old promise of string theory. The presentation of ideas, results, and computational methods is complemented by detailed models and sample computations throughout. This second edition also contains a new closing section, outlining the staggering advances of the past three decades and providing suggestions for future reading.
Physics to Philosophy and Back
What do we really know about the world? Physics utilizes complex equations to avoid having to answer philosophical questions like this. Consider, for example, the fact that the motion of particles is described in terms of straight lines, while any line that we can actually draw is never perfectly straight. Working physicists adopt many of such presuppositions, rarely stopping to question the correspondence between physical equations and reality. This has resulted in the common misconception that there is a clear divide between Newton's 17th century physics and that of Einstein's on account of different mathematical descriptions. However, if equations do not always represent reality, what can they tell us about reality?This book focuses on some of the philosophical problems underlying all theories in physics, such as the nature of time (is time just 'that which is measured by a clock' or is it more than that?). It may seem as if these problems were more or less solved in the three-and-a-half centuries that have passed since Newton's time. But the philosophical 'open ends' were the same for Einstein and remain the same to this day. Philosophy and physics are two sides of the same coin.Filled with personal anecdotes and amusing examples, this book provides the perfect introduction to the topic for readers with a non-scientific background. It also enables the reader to come to their own informed conclusion about the relation between physics and the reality in which we live.
Physics to Philosophy and Back
What do we really know about the world? Physics utilizes complex equations to avoid having to answer philosophical questions like this. Consider, for example, the fact that the motion of particles is described in terms of straight lines, while any line that we can actually draw is never perfectly straight. Working physicists adopt many of such presuppositions, rarely stopping to question the correspondence between physical equations and reality. This has resulted in the common misconception that there is a clear divide between Newton's 17th century physics and that of Einstein's on account of different mathematical descriptions. However, if equations do not always represent reality, what can they tell us about reality?This book focuses on some of the philosophical problems underlying all theories in physics, such as the nature of time (is time just 'that which is measured by a clock' or is it more than that?). It may seem as if these problems were more or less solved in the three-and-a-half centuries that have passed since Newton's time. But the philosophical 'open ends' were the same for Einstein and remain the same to this day. Philosophy and physics are two sides of the same coin.Filled with personal anecdotes and amusing examples, this book provides the perfect introduction to the topic for readers with a non-scientific background. It also enables the reader to come to their own informed conclusion about the relation between physics and the reality in which we live.
Zetetic Astronomy
Zetetic Astronomy: Earth Not a Globe by Samuel Rowbotham is a 19th-century work that challenges the widely accepted notion of a spherical Earth, advocating instead for a flat Earth model. Based on Rowbotham's "Zetetic" method-a form of inquiry emphasizing observation and experience over theoretical science-the book presents arguments and experiments that Rowbotham claimed supported his flat Earth hypothesis. It discusses topics like the horizon's appearance, the behavior of water, and celestial phenomena, aiming to refute conventional astronomical science. While widely discredited by modern science, the book remains a historical curiosity, reflecting the period's scientific debates and the enduring appeal of alternative perspectives.
The Bible And Flying Saucers
The thesis of this book is that the Bible contains stories of beings, angels that come down from the sky, and are sometimes associated with objects in the sky such as the "pillar of cloud by day, and pillar of fire by night," which led the Jewish Exodus from Egypt. This UFO is similar to modern UFOs, which one military pilot described as looking like a Tic Tac, cylindrical, white or cloud like in color, about 40 feet long, rounded on each end, with no visible propulsion system. It seems likely that the UFOs seen in modern times are related to the same reality that started the biblical religion in both its Old and New Testament forms. Chapter 3 studies the book of Exodus in great detail, explaining how the Exodus UFO (pillar of cloud and fire) apparently used its propulsion system to part the Red Sea. In the New Testament, it is argued that our modern alien/angels were probably the power that raised Jesus from the dead, and carried the risen Jesus to the Damascus Road where the Apostle Paul was converted (Acts 9). This book has some parallels with Erich Von Daniken's "Chariots of the Gods?", but differs from Von Daniken in that it is argued that the aliens are not "gods," as Von Daniken suggests, but rather beings who have a high knowledge of God, and created the Biblical religions, in both their Jewish and Christian form, to move the human race away from idolatry, and toward a more spiritual sense of the divine reality. Chapter V asks, "Where is Heaven?" and explores the possibility that the resurrection stories of Jesus, where he is able to enter locked rooms after his resurrection, suggests that heaven may be "another dimension" in the midst of us. Modern UFOs are reported to appear and disappear in an instant, suggesting they too may be part of a multi-dimensional reality. Einstein's Theory of Relativity is offered as a clue to understanding some of the strange resurrection stories. This book is an attempt to make sense of biblical stories that suggest the presence of extraterrestrial powers, and to examine modern UFO stories for evidence that biblical angels, and modern aliens, may be the same reality.
Influence of Compressor Bleed Air System Components Interaction on Its Performance
The compressor bleed air system is part of the secondary air system of an aero-engine or a stationary gas turbine. It extracts air out of the compressor through slots or holes placed in the casing or shaft of the engine. Typically, the bleeding air is collected through a circumferential manifold and is then fed into a number of exit tubes guiding the air to different applications. Compressor bleed air systems are generally designed according to two rules: minimise the total pressure loss in the system in order to locate the off-take as far upstream in the compressor as possible, and at the same time minimise the local influence of the bleed air extraction on the compressor's operating range. Due to assembly, weight, and cost constraints, the complete compressor bleed air system must remain as compact as possible. It requires placing the components close to each other, which in turn implies strong interactions between the components. The choice of an exit tube configuration, for instance, is crucial as it affects the manifold flow losses, the bleeding uniformity and the bleed air system costs. In the present work, the effects of the interaction between commonly used compressor bleed air system components have been investigated. The cross influence of these components is analysed computationally and experimentally based on total pressure loss and bleed uniformity. In addition, these results are compared with 1D network assumptions, widely used in industry, in order to improve engine design modelling.
Analytical Thermodynamics
This second edition presents an enriched and expanded exploration of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics tailored for graduate-level studies. Drawing on over three decades of academic teaching experience, the author has refined the content, making it more accessible and comprehensive. Chapter 1 has been restructured for clarity, delineating "Legendre Transformation" and "Thermodynamic Potentials" into separate sections, while the treatment of "Chemical Potentials" has been significantly augmented, encompassing two-component ideal gas mixtures and a re-derivation of chemical potentials for dilute solutions. Additionally, the section on thermodynamic stability now boasts enhanced explanations and illustrative figures. Chapter 2 introduces a groundbreaking section, "Electrolyte Solution in Electric Field as a Non-Uniform System," providing fresh insights into unexplored realms. Chapter 3, now enriched with several new sections, delves into topics such as "Contact Angles on Heterogeneous Surfaces and Rough Surfaces," "Elastic Liquid-Fluid Interface," "Curvature Effect on Surface Tension," "Solute Effect on Equilibrium Pressure," and "Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation in a Dilute Solution." Chapter 4 features new elucidations and discussions aimed at bolstering comprehension, while the entirely new Chapter 5 offers solutions to selected homework and exam questions, adding a practical dimension to the theoretical framework. This edition, encompassing approximately 50% new content, expands the book by 131 pages, rendering it an even more invaluable resource for professors instructing advanced thermodynamics and graduate students delving into this intricate subject matter.
Radioactivity
This book provides an accessible introduction to radioactivity. The second in a two-volume set, this volume is presented in two parts, covering its development and modern applications.
Diesel Engine Operations with Alternative Fuels
This book presents the results of a study that analyzes selected parameters of the combustion process in a diesel engine when fueled with alternative fuels. It discusses the use of a unique test stand consisting of a motor vehicle with a diesel engine adapted to run on different fuels: liquid and gas.
The Physics of Bacteria
Bacteria are the most ubiquitous life-forms on Earth, and are studied extensively to gain insight into their function and understand how they interact with their environment. In recent years, bacterial biophysics has added a new dimension to this research by using the tools of physics to investigate the quantitative principles that underpin these cellular systems. This book provides a modern and cohesive introduction to bacterial biophysics, with a focus on biofilms, slimes and capsules. In the first of three sections, key techniques and models from the physical sciences that can be applied to bacterial problems are presented. Section 2 then provides a bacterial microbiology primer for physical scientists and an examination of single-cell phenomena. The final section explores interacting bacteria and biofilms from a physical perspective. Ideal for physics graduates interested in this important field, this book is also relevant for researchers in physical chemistry, bioengineering, mathematics and microbiology.
ESA Science Programme Missions
How do you evaluate the scientific performance of the ESA's Science Programme missions? In this book, we report on a systematic study of certain metrics related to publication output and their evolution with time to provide insights into mission successes and the communities exploiting the data provided by the Science Programme's missions. In addition, we examine the outcomes of the announcements of observing opportunities for ESA's observatory missions, INTEGRAL, Herschel and XMM-Newton to provide insights into the evolutions of the user communities with time, location and gender. Finally, we examine the provision of payload elements for ESA's Science Programme missions. We use the number of payload investigators to give insights into the levels of contribution and exploitation of the different ESA Member States. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Searching for Dark Matter with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
Electrons and Electron Microscopy
Recent advancements in Transmission Electron Microscopy is built upon the remarkable achievements of the transmission electron microscope, especially, with the aberration corrected object lens, which itself is the incoherent integration of the particle electron optics and modern wave imaging technology.This involves the particle-wave duality of electrons.This book answers questions by applying the de Broglie Hypothesis and Einstein's Theory of Relativity on the relationship between particles and electromagnetic waves to shed some light onto the electron microscopy. The first chapter explains what an electron is, which includes: (a) using the transmission electron microscope to observe the wave-particle duality of electrons, (b) the internal structure of the electron, (c) the electron as a confined electromagnetic vortices field in a corpuscle space. The following chapters, then, decipher the enigmatic relationship between the de Broglie wave of the electron and the internal electromagnetic flux circulatory motion, and analyze the spatiotemporal modification of the traveling electron corpuscle as it passes through the electron gun and magnetic lens. Based on the de Broglie wave of the traveling electron corpuscle at a certain velocity, the author defines the electron microscopy as the technology steering the velocity of the electron corpuscle assemble which encodes the information of periodic spatial grating constructed by the atoms and electromagnetic potential field, which surround the flying electrons. Then the author uses the space-time Talbot effects of the electrons to interpret the high resolution images, which was first developed by Ijima-Cowley, and expounds the contrast of the high resolution electron microscopy images as the intensity distribution of the assemble of corpuscle electron torus pulses train or beam at near field and at its far-field, which is a diffraction pattern. The final chapter of the book elaborates on how to understand the quantum electron microscopy. This book offers a comprehensive understanding what the quantum electron microscopy is, that may bring the microscopy field beyond the atom's spatial periodicity in materials.
Fundamentals of Chemical Thermodynamics
"Fundamentals of Chemical Thermodynamics" provides a structured overview of key principles in chemical thermodynamics. Across six chapters, it covers essential topics such as chemical reactions, energy transformations, and equilibrium, making complex concepts accessible for students and professionals.- Chapters I-II introduce reaction basics, chemical systems, and the behavior of gases.- Chapters III-IV focus on the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy, work, and enthalpy, including practical applications like the Born-Haber cycle.- Chapters V-VI address entropy, the Second Law, and chemical equilibrium, examining how factors like temperature and pressure affect reactions.This book is an essential resource for understanding and applying thermodynamics in chemical systems.
