Kinks and Domain Walls
Kinks and domain walls are the simplest kind of solitons and are invaluable for testing various ideas and for learning about non-perturbative aspects of field theories. They are the subject of research in essentially every branch of physics, ranging from condensed matter to cosmology. This book, first published in 2006, is an introduction to kinks and domain walls and their principal classical and quantum properties. The book examines classical solitons, building from examples in elementary systems to more complicated settings. The formation of solitons in phase transitions, their dynamics and their cosmological consequences are further discussed. The volume concludes with an explicit description of a few laboratory systems containing solitons. This text will be of interest to both graduate students and academic researchers in theoretical physics, particle physics, cosmology and condensed matter physics. This book has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
The Theory and Applications of Instanton Calculations
Instantons, or pseudoparticles, are solutions to the equations of motion in classical field theories on a Euclidean spacetime. Instantons are found everywhere in quantum theories as they have many applications in quantum tunnelling. Diverse physical phenomena may be described through quantum tunnelling, for example: the Josephson effect, the decay of meta-stable nuclear states, band formation in tight binding models of crystalline solids, the structure of the gauge theory vacuum, confinement in 2+1 dimensions, and the decay of superheated or supercooled phases. Drawing inspiration from Sidney Coleman's Erice lectures, this volume provides an accessible, detailed introduction to instanton methods, with many applications, making it a valuable resource for graduate students in many areas of physics, from condensed matter, particle and nuclear physics, to string theory. This title, first published in 2017, has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
Electron Scattering for Nuclear and Nucleon Structure
The scattering of high-energy electrons from nuclear and nucleon targets provides a microscope for examining the structure of these tiny objects. The best evidence we have on what nuclei and nucleons actually look like comes from electron scattering. This 2001 book examines the motivation for electron scattering and develops the theoretical analysis of the process. It discusses our theoretical understanding of the underlying structure of nuclei and nucleons at appropriate levels of resolution and sophistication, and summarizes experimental electron scattering capabilities. Only a working knowledge of quantum mechanics and special relativity is assumed, making this a suitable textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses. It will also provide a valuable summary and reference for researchers already working in electron scattering and other areas of nuclear and particle physics. This text has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
Principles of Magnetostatics
Magnetostatics, the mathematical theory that describes the forces and fields resulting from the steady flow of electrical currents, has a long history. By capturing the basic concepts, and building towards the computation of magnetic fields, this book is a self-contained discussion of the major subjects in magnetostatics. Overviews of Maxwell's equations, the Poisson equation, and boundary value problems pave the way for dealing with fields from transverse, axial and periodic magnetic arrangements and assemblies of permanent magnets. Examples from accelerator and beam physics give up-to-date context to the theory. Both complex contour integration and numerical techniques for calculating magnetic fields are discussed in detail with plentiful examples. Theoretical and practical information on carefully selected topics make this a one-stop reference for magnet designers, as well as for physics and electrical engineering undergraduate students. This title, first published in 2016, has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
Magnetars and Stellar Objects
The general theory of relativity has allowed a better understanding of the structure of the universe. One of the fundamental problems in the general relativity is finding exact solutions of the Einstein field equations. Some solutions found fundamental applications ins astrophysics, cosmology and more recently in the developments inspired by string theory. Different mathematical formulations that allow to solve Einstein織s field equations have been used to describe the behaviour of objects submitted to strong gravitational fields known as neutron stars, quasars, and white dwarfs. General relativity also allows the analysis, through Einstein's gravity theory, of different cosmological scenarios as the existence of dark energy, dark matter, Phantom and Quintessence fields that were introduced to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. An astronomical object or celestial object is a naturally occurring physical entity or structure that exists in the universe. In this book, our main goal is to inform latest knowledge about stellar objects and its importance in both astrophysics and knowledge of Cosmology. One of the most advantages about writing this book is to make a connection between mathematical formulation of these phenomena associated with its practical and applied concepts in the universe. The study of stellar objects helps to understand more concepts in the universe such as the reason and nature of forming Black holes and other related aspects in Astronomy and generally in cosmology. We study about stars and their nature. Also, we make a connection between concept of stellar objects with whole concepts of General relativity presented by Albert Einstein.
Phenomena
Lavishly illustrated volume revealing the intricacies of a 1742 map of the cosmos. The expansive and intricate Atlas Coelestis, created by Johann Doppelmayr in 1742, set out to record everything known about astronomy at the time, covering constellations, planets, moons, comets, and more, all rendered in exquisite detail. Through stunning illustrations, historical notes, and scientific explanations, Phenomena contextualizes Doppelmayr's atlas and creates a spectacular handbook to the heavens. Phenomena begins by introducing Doppelmayr's life and work, placing his extraordinary cosmic atlas in the context of discoveries made in the Renaissance and Enlightenment and highlighting the significance of its publication. This oversized book presents thirty beautifully illustrated and richly annotated plates, covering all the fundamentals of astronomy--from the dimensions of the solar system to the phases of the moon and the courses of comets. Each plate is accompanied by expert analysis from astronomer Giles Sparrow, who deftly presents Doppelmayr's references and cosmological work to a modern audience. Each plate is carefully deconstructed, isolating key stars, planets, orbits, and moons for in-depth exploration. A conclusion reflects on the development of astronomy since the publication of the Atlas and traces the course of the science up to the present day. Following the conclusion is a timeline of key discoveries from ancient times onward along with short biographies of the key players in this history.
From Statistical Physics to Data-Driven Modelling
The study of most scientific fields now relies on an ever-increasing amount of data, due to instrumental and experimental progress in monitoring and manipulating complex systems made of many microscopic constituents. How can we make sense of such data, and use them to enhance our understanding of biological, physical, and chemical systems? Aimed at graduate students in physics, applied mathematics, and computational biology, the primary objective of this textbook is to introduce the concepts and methods necessary to answer this question at the intersection of probability theory, statistics, optimisation, statistical physics, inference, and machine learning. The second objective of this book is to provide practical applications for these methods, which will allow students to assimilate the underlying ideas and techniques. While readers of this textbook will need basic knowledge in programming (Python or an equivalent language), the main emphasis is not on mathematical rigour, but on the development of intuition and the deep connections with statistical physics.
Active Matter and Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics
From molecular motors to bacteria, from crawling cells to large animals, active entities are found at all scales in the biological world. Active matter encompasses systems whose individual constituents irreversibly dissipate energy to exert self-propelling forces on their environment. Over the past twenty years, scientists have managed to engineer synthetic active particles in the lab, paving the way towards smart active materials. This book gathers a pedagogical set of lecture notes that cover topics in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and active matter. These lecture notes stem from the first summer school on Active Matter delivered at the Les Houches school of Physics. The lectures covered four main research directions: collective behaviours in active-matter systems, passive and active colloidal systems, biophysics and active matter, and nonequilibrium statistical physics--from passive to active.
Energy Crises
The 1970s were a decade of historic American energy crises--major interruptions in oil supplies from the Middle East, the country's most dangerous nuclear accident, and chronic shortages of natural gas. In Energy Crises, Jay Hakes brings his expertise in energy and presidential history to bear on the questions of why these crises occurred, how different choices might have prevented or ameliorated them, and what they have meant for the half-century since--and likely the half-century ahead. Hakes deftly intertwines the domestic and international aspects of the long-misunderstood fuel shortages that still affect our lives today. This approach, drawing on previously unavailable and inaccessible records, affords an insider's view of decision-making by three U.S. presidents, the influence of their sometimes-combative aides, and their often tortuous relations with the rulers of Iran and Saudi Arabia. Hakes skillfully dissects inept federal attempts to regulate oil prices and allocation, but also identifies the decade's more positive legacies--from the nation's first massive commitment to the development of alternative energy sources other than nuclear power, to the initial movement toward a less polluting, more efficient energy economy. The 1970s brought about a tectonic shift in the world of energy. Tracing these consequences to their origins in policy and practice, Hakes makes their lessons available at a critical moment--as the nation faces the challenge of climate change resulting from the burning of fossil fuels.
Probing Into the World of Nuclei
Chapter 1. Visiting the dwarfs in the atomic castles.- Chapter 2. Training bases for dwarf troops.- Chapter 3. New members of the dwarf world.- Chapter 4. Check how much the dwarf weighs?.- Chapter 5. Gallant corps that kill the devil.- Chapter 6. There is much to be done in the vast world.- Chapter 7. Memorabilia.
Enigma of the Skies
Enigma of the Skies is a joint endeavor by a scientist and a photographer to present to readers everything there is to know about auroras in an easy-to-understand matter. It explains the phenomena and describes how to predict when auroras occur using simple physics alongside a collection of beautiful photos taken both from Earth and from space.
The Martian Anomalies
Has there ever been civilized life on Mars? Conventional scientists say no. But award-winning writer-historian Lochlainn Seabrook, author of the MUFON-approved bestseller UFOs and Aliens: The Complete Guidebook, believes that view is premature and unscientific. To prove his point, he has written The Martian Anomalies, a one-of-a-kind book filled with some 1,000 color images, carefully hand-picked from NASA's massive Mars photo collection. Using these images as his foundation, he takes the reader on a fascinating journey of discovery, examining and discussing the photos in minute detail, each one presenting photographic proof that a sophisticated ancient race may have once called Mars home.Seabrook's assemblage of cryptic and often eerie NASA photos spans over five decades, and represents some of the most compelling evidence yet of the extraterrestrial Mars theory, made famous by such early astronomers as Elias Colbert, Thomas Dick, Camille Flammarion, Sir William Herschel, Giovanni Schiaparelli, and more particularly Percival Lowell, whose beliefs influenced famous scientists like Nikola Tesla, as well as science fiction writers like H. G. Wells and Edgar Rice Burroughs. Many other noteworthy 19th- and 20th-Century scientists, from Alexander Graham Bell to Albert Einstein, were convinced that there was life on Mars. Were these intellectual giants onto something or were they simply naive? The author lets his readers draw their own conclusion.If Mars is truly a "barren wasteland," a "cold dead world" that has never been capable of supporting large complex life forms, as mainstream science claims, what about the hundreds of thousands of extraordinary shapes, mysterious objects, and odd items scattered over the Martian surface? Are they natural, as astronomers declare, or artificial, as believers maintain? While establishment space researchers continue to assert that at most only microbes could have ever lived on the Red Planet, using photos taken by mainstream science itself (from cameras mounted on NASA's numerous Mars exploratory vehicles), Seabrook offers highly persuasive documentation that technologically advanced beings might have once lived on Mars. He does not claim they did, nor does he claim that he has irrefutable proof. Taking a position midway between hard-nosed skeptics and noncritical conspiracy theorists, he asks both sides to remain open-minded until the anomalies on Mars can be studied in person by future astrogeologists, astrochemists, and astrobiologists.Along with 48 chapters of amazing and sometimes shocking Martian images, the author also provides a comprehensive introduction that includes excerpts from an electrifying 1984 U.S. government ESP session with a remote viewer, whose telepathic visit to Mars corroborates many of the photos in this very book. Also included is a chapter dedicated to anomalies on Phobos (one of Mars' two moons), a bibliography, notes, and an informative appendices section featuring Mars fact sheets, a list of natural Martian phenomena, and the CIA's pertinent announcement of its new UFO research group.If you're interested in science, astronomy, astrophotography, or extraterrestrials, you'll want to own a copy of The Martian Anomalies: A Photographic Search for Intelligent Life on Mars. It will forever alter the way you look at not only the Red Planet, but our solar system, our galaxy, and beyond. Available in paperback and hardcover. (All text copyright (c) Sea Raven Press)
Physics of Earth's Radiation Belts
This open access book serves as textbook on the physics of the radiation belts surrounding the Earth. Discovered in 1958 the famous Van Allen Radiation belts were among the first scientific discoveries of the Space Age. Throughout the following decades the belts have been under intensive investigation motivated by the risks of radiation hazards they expose to electronics and humans on spacecraft in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. This textbook teaches the field from basic theory of particles and plasmas to observations which culminated in the highly successful Van Allen Probes Mission of NASA in 2012-2019. Using numerous data examples the authors explain the relevant concepts and theoretical background of the extremely complex radiation belt region, with the emphasis on giving a comprehensive and coherent understanding of physical processes affecting the dynamics of the belts. The target audience are doctoral students and young researchers who wish to learn about the physicalprocesses underlying the acceleration, transport and loss of the radiation belt particles in the perspective of the state-of-the-art observations.
Enigma of the Skies
Enigma of the Skies is a joint endeavor by a scientist and a photographer to present to readers everything there is to know about auroras in an easy-to-understand matter. It explains the phenomena and describes how to predict when auroras occur using simple physics alongside a collection of beautiful photos taken both from Earth and from space.
Green Murder
Wind turbines kill wildlife, damage human health, reduce the area of land for farming and dumping of turbine blades and solar panels add extremely dangerous toxins to soil and water. Costs and unreliability of green energy have forced people in Western countries to decide whether to eat or freeze. Collapse of green energy systems have resulted in hundreds of deaths. Greens object to cheap reliable coal, gas and nuclear energy. The consequences of their forest management policies result in the deaths of billions of trees, wildlife and humans and property destruction. Humans in poor countries are kept in eternal poverty without coal-fired electricity and die young. Greens support black child slavery and clear felling of tropical forest to support EVs, incendiary batteries and promote tried and failed energy systems. Green policies destroy economies, freedom and sovereignty. Net Zero means eye-watering debt, no employment, no travel, no reliable food and blissful socialist happiness with no possessions.
The Martian Anomalies
Has there ever been civilized life on Mars? Conventional scientists say no. But award-winning writer-historian Lochlainn Seabrook, author of the MUFON-approved bestseller UFOs and Aliens: The Complete Guidebook, believes that view is premature and unscientific. To prove his point, he has written The Martian Anomalies, a one-of-a-kind book filled with some 1,000 color images, carefully hand-picked from NASA's massive Mars photo collection. Using these images as his foundation, he takes the reader on a fascinating journey of discovery, examining and discussing the photos in minute detail, each one presenting photographic proof that a sophisticated ancient race may have once called Mars home.Seabrook's assemblage of cryptic and often eerie NASA photos spans over five decades, and represents some of the most compelling evidence yet of the extraterrestrial Mars theory, made famous by such early astronomers as Elias Colbert, Thomas Dick, Camille Flammarion, Sir William Herschel, Giovanni Schiaparelli, and more particularly Percival Lowell, whose beliefs influenced famous scientists like Nikola Tesla, as well as science fiction writers like H. G. Wells and Edgar Rice Burroughs. Many other noteworthy 19th- and 20th-Century scientists, from Alexander Graham Bell to Albert Einstein, were convinced that there was life on Mars. Were these intellectual giants onto something or were they simply naive? The author lets his readers draw their own conclusion.If Mars is truly a "barren wasteland," a "cold dead world" that has never been capable of supporting large complex life forms, as mainstream science claims, what about the hundreds of thousands of extraordinary shapes, mysterious objects, and odd items scattered over the Martian surface? Are they natural, as astronomers declare, or artificial, as believers maintain? While establishment space researchers continue to assert that at most only microbes could have ever lived on the Red Planet, using photos taken by mainstream science itself (from cameras mounted on NASA's numerous Mars exploratory vehicles), Seabrook offers highly persuasive documentation that technologically advanced beings might have once lived on Mars. He does not claim they did, nor does he claim that he has irrefutable proof. Taking a position midway between hard-nosed skeptics and noncritical conspiracy theorists, he asks both sides to remain open-minded until the anomalies on Mars can be studied in person by future astrogeologists, astrochemists, and astrobiologists.Along with 48 chapters of amazing and sometimes shocking Martian images, the author also provides a comprehensive introduction that includes excerpts from an electrifying 1984 U.S. government ESP session with a remote viewer, whose telepathic visit to Mars corroborates many of the photos in this very book. Also included is a chapter dedicated to anomalies on Phobos (one of Mars' two moons), a bibliography, notes, and an informative appendices section featuring Mars fact sheets, a list of natural Martian phenomena, and the CIA's pertinent announcement of its new UFO research group.If you're interested in science, astronomy, astrophotography, or extraterrestrials, you'll want to own a copy of The Martian Anomalies: A Photographic Search for Intelligent Life on Mars. It will forever alter the way you look at not only the Red Planet, but our solar system, our galaxy, and beyond. Available in paperback and hardcover. (All text copyright (c) Sea Raven Press)
Plasma Biosciences and Medicine
This book describes the updates that have been made in the field of Plasma Biosciences and Medicine over the past few years. This book provides detailed introduction and includes recent research information on plasma sources and their biological and medical applications. The opening chapters discuss plasmas physics and chemistry and plasma-activated liquids. The later part of the book discusses emerging application in medicine and biology. This book also provides valuable clinical insights into the treatment of ulcerations, wounds, cancer, dentistry, or the use of cold plasma in health and hygiene. Main target audience of this book are researchers, graduate and undergraduate students, government agencies, academicians', engineers, biologists, medical doctor, biochemists, and industries.
Space X
In this book we will learn about Space X.But for that we have to Learn About Our Boy.. The Founder of Tesla, Paypal, and Space XHow did a young transfer student at the University of Pennsylvania, who immigrated from South Africa to Canada at the age of 17, become one of the wealthiest and most powerful businessmen in history? From revolutionizing transportation both on Earth and in space, to founding the most popular and widely used financial platforms in existence, Elon Musk is without a doubt one of the most successful individuals the world has ever seen. How exactly did he do it? Keep reading and find out!Elon Musk stands as one of the true visionaries of this century ... a man who seems to have a cosmic mind. He is the CEO of three cutting-edge companies -SpaceX, Tesla Motors, and SolarCity. Recently SpaceX bagged a 1.4 Billion Dollar Deal From NASA and launched another 52 Starlink satellites in Florida. Starlink is also currently being used to provide internet in Iran.For more details, buy this book today.
Vortex Dynamics
This book discusses vortex dynamics theory from physics, mathematics, and engineering perspectives. It includes nine chapters that cover a variety of research results related to vortex dynamics including nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics, and plasma physics.
The ether of Albert Einstein
If you ask a physicist to explain ether to you, he will either be embarrassed or he will say that ether does not exist, that it was rejected by Einstein in 1905. But, in1921, Einstein published "The ether and the theory of relativity". After his theory of general relativity, he became aware of the problem posed by deformable space and gravitational waves. He conferred with other physicists and recognized the existence of the Lorentz's ether, with no physical characteristics except immobility. An immobility that Einstein removed, if not a relative immobility in relation with the referential from which it is observed. We have found a hypothesis that could explain this mysterious movement: the speed of light would be everywhere the same because the ether would be seen as motionless everywhere. This hypothesis is very simple, and we propose experiments that are also quite simple to verify it.
Look Up!
This book presents a wealth of information about how space objects such as the stars, moon and sun have influenced our lives and predicted future events. It tells about wise men who studied the heavens were able to predict future events, including the birth of Jesus. It explains how modern space discoveries are playing a role in end-time predictions. This book makes a great Christmas gift for teachers, scientists, pastors, Mom, Dad, family members, friends and colleagues. Read about the amazing discovers through the ages and the hidden secrets for the future. Look Up! makes for a cherished amazing reading experience all year round.
Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Formalism
This book describes the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism of quantum mechanics, which allowscomputation of eigenvalues of quantum mechanical potential problems without solving for thewave function. The examples presented include exotic potentials such as quasi-exactly solvable models and Lame an dassociated Lame potentials. A careful application of boundary conditions offers an insight into the nature of solutions of several potential models. Advancedundergraduates having knowledge of complex variables and quantum mechanics will find thisas an interesting method to obtain the eigenvalues and eigen-functions. The discussion oncomplex zeros of the wave function gives intriguing new results which are relevant foradvanced students and young researchers. Moreover, a few open problems in research arediscussed as well, which pose a challenge to the mathematically oriented readers.
Understanding the Dynamics of New Normal for Supply Chains
Part I: Introduction: An Overview of Sustainable Supply Chains.- Innovative Solutions for Sustainable Supply Chains: An Introduction.- Part II: The Unique Perspectives for the Sustainable Supply Chains.- Determinants of ITF R&D Technology Commercialization in Logistics and Supply Chain Industries: R&D Technologist Perspective.- A Meta-Analysis of Sustainable Supplier Selection Approaches.- Green Supply Chain Management, Green Innovations, and Green Practices.- The Road Towards a Circular Economy: The Role of Modular Product Designs in Supply Chains.- Policy Design for Sustainable Supply Chain Through Training: The Case of XYZ Packaging Company.- The Application of System Dynamics for a Sustainable Procurement Operation.- Part III: The Innovative Solutions for Industry-Specific Supply Chains.- Alternative Energy Policy for Mitigating the Asynchrony of the Wind-Power Industry's Supply Chain in Brazil.- Resilience as Basis for Sustainability: Shortages in Production Supply Chains for Essential Consumer Goods.- Designing a Sustainable Tourism Supply Chain: A Case Study from Asia.- Sustainable Food Supply Chain Management: An Integrated Framework and Practical Perspectives.- Risk Assessment of the Timber Supply Chain in Southern Ontario using Agent-Based Simulation.- Part IV: Finale: Sustainable Supply Chains Continuum.- Finale: Sustainable Supply Chains Continuum.
Solar Energy: Advancements and Challenges
Energy is a key source of economic growth due to its involvement as the primary input. Energy drives economic productivity and industrial growth. It can be considered as the prime requirement for the modern economy. Solar energy is a renewable source of energy that can be used to produce heat or generate electricity. The total amount of solar energy available on Earth's surface is vastly in excess of the world's current and anticipated energy requirements. In the 21st century, solar energy is expected to become increasingly attractive as a renewable energy source. An increase in the share of solar energy may destabilize the grid. To overcome the issues of grid instability, specifically in remote areas, BIM and GIS-based microgrid planning based on data can be effectively used. BIM and GIS are used to assess alternative solutions and big data analytics in building solar electrical systems according to planning requirements and managing assets. The integration of BIM and GIS information systems for microgrid planning is appealing due to its potential benefits, such as it decreases the microgrid planning time and cost. The present book is about the advancements in technology for harnessing solar energy and the challenges associated with different modes of utilizing this inexhaustible renewable energy source. This book will be helpful for researchers, academicians, technologists, innovators, and industry experts working in the area of solar energy, artificial intelligence, and smart grids.
Advanced Methods for Human Biometrics
The book highlights recent developments in human biometrics, covering a wide range of methods based on biological signals, image processing, and measurements of human characteristics such as fingerprints and iris or medical characteristics. Human Biometrics is becoming increasingly crucial in forensics security and medicine. They provide a solid basis for identifying individuals based on unique physical characteristics or diseases based on characteristic biomedical measurements. As such, the book offers an essential reference guide about biometry methods for students, engineers, designers, and technicians.
Radiation Problems
This book reports on the state-of-the-art in terms of dosimetric, ionizing radiation metrology and radiation protection through exercises related to practical applications. For each problem, the book provides resolutions by means of analytical and semi-empirical formulas stemming from nuclear physics theory and the latest research contributions. For most applications (cavity theory, absorbed dose calculation for protons, quantities and dimensioning of X-ray generators...) the most recent data and calculation methods are part of the tools used. Moreover, in most applications/problems discussed, an inter-comparison with the numerical results obtained with a Monte-Carlo code commonly in worldwide use, MCNP, is presented. This code allows providing "actual" values in order to test the accuracy of the whole of analytical or semi-empirical results. For each case study, the numerical model is discussed, the input file is fully provided, and its structure is detailed. Some complex geometries involved in the modeled radiological scenes as well as the features used to generate, transport and track particles are described. On another note, emphasis is placed on the raw MCNP results normalization and on variance reduction techniques employed to improve or enable the convergence of statistical estimators toward the end result.This book is aimed at an audience having a solid background in the addressed themes and is recommended for students from Physics Bachelor's degree. It can provide theoretical and technical information to engineers carrying out calculations and to graduate students performing their research work as well. The book is intended to be instructive and each problem is treated independently. The reader can therefore study the applications of interest in the desired order.
Breakdown of Einstein's Equivalence Principle
An equality between inertial and gravitational masses was established by Galileo Galilei more than 400 years ago and was accepted by Albert Einstein as a key point of his theory of gravitation -- General Relativity. The above mentioned equality is called the Equivalence Principle. In this pioneering book, some unusual situations are described, where the Equivalence Principle is theoretically broken, and the possible experiments, where such breakdowns can be observed, are discussed in a brief. It is known that, in standard situations, the Equivalence Principle is extremely well established on Earth and in space in numerous experiments, including experiments during the recent space mission MICROSCOPE. Therefore, this book suggests a real breakthrough in the better understanding of Einstein's gravitational theory and its relation to quantum mechanics, which is a definite step towards the so-called 'Theory of Everything'. This book is recommended for all readers who are interested in gravitation and General Relativity.
Dark Matter
The version of einstein theory containing the cosmological constant states that empty space has its own energy. This energy will not be diluted even as the space expands. This property of space can cause the expansion of the universe to become faster.Space is also thought to get its energy from virtual particles which would appear and disappear. The calculation of energy however was not possible to calculate with enough accuracy. You will discover: What often happens right before a bigfoot encounter and whyWhy bigfoot creatures can become invisibleWhy crop circles create strange electromagnetic effectsHow social stigma prevents us from talking about these phenomenaSudden temperature changes around bigfoot, orbs, and ufosThe connection between the fifth state of matter and ball lightningA top-level engineer who handled quantum material from an extraterrestrial spacecraftThis book dives deep into phase states of metallic hydrogen, predictions and technologies. Subjects covered in this book include: fusion, metallic hydrogen, protostars, dark energy, dark matter, science, physics, entanglement dynamics, grand unification, alternating quantum fields, hydrogen phase states, stellar particle colliders, time travel, fractal compression systems, cp violations, fusion systems, the beginning and end of the universe, paradigm technologies and sciences
The Physics Book
How do magnets generate electricity? What is antimatter? Is time travel possible? Discover the answers to these and over 90 other big questions that explore the most important laws, theories, and breakthrough moments in our understanding of physics - from the earliest civilizations to the 21st century. The Physics Book comprises concise information and step-by-step diagrams that untangle knotty theories, memorable quotes, and witty illustrations that play with our understanding of physics. This diverse and inclusive account of physics includes Pythagoras's observations on music, Galileo's experiments with spheres, and Isaac Newton's theories of gravity and the laws of motion, unlocking Albert Einstein's insights into relativity, how the accidental discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation confirmed the Big Bang theory and the reasons most of the Universe is "missing". This captivating book will broaden your understanding of physics, offering: - A foreword by renowned British scientist Professor Jim Al-Khalil.- Profiles of over 80 ideas and events that shaped our understanding of physics and its significance to everyday life. - Thought-provoking images and flow-charts that demystify the central concepts behind each idea.- Insightful quotes from leading physicists, such as Archimedes, Galileo and Einstein.- A directory section for easy localization. Your Physics Questions, Simply Explained.The Physics Book uses an innovative visual approach to make the subject accessible to everyone, whether you're an avid student or just curious about maths. If you've ever wondered exactly how physicists formulated - and proved - these abstract concepts, this is the perfect book for you. The Big Ideas Series With millions of copies sold worldwide, The Physics Book is part of the award-winning Big Ideas series from DK. The series uses striking images along with engaging writing, making big topics easy to understand.
Gillespie Algorithms for Stochastic Multiagent Dynamics in Populations and Networks
Many multiagent dynamics can be modeled as a stochastic process in which the agents in the system change their state over time in interaction with each other. The Gillespie algorithms are popular algorithms that exactly simulate such stochastic multiagent dynamics when each state change is driven by a discrete event, the dynamics is defined in continuous time, and the stochastic law of event occurrence is governed by independent Poisson processes. The first main part of this volume provides a tutorial on the Gillespie algorithms focusing on simulation of social multiagent dynamics occurring in populations and networks. The authors clarify why one should use the continuous-time models and the Gillespie algorithms in many cases, instead of easier-to-understand discrete-time models. The remainder of the Element reviews recent extensions of the Gillespie algorithms aiming to add more reality to the model (i.e., non-Poissonian cases) or to speed up the simulations. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Materials
This book highlights the state-of-the-art research and discovery in the use of chitosan-based nanocomposites in biomedical applications, including the scope to which these novel materials have been incorporated by the community. It provides an exceptional insight into the strategies for the synthesis and chemical modifications of chitosan, characterization techniques, their use as anticancer agents, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal agents, their role in the biomedical field, and applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, dentistry, orthopedics, etc. This book will also emphasize the challenges with previous signs of progress and way for further research, details relating to the current pioneering technology, and future perspectives with a multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, it presents up-to-date information on the economics, toxicity, and regulations related to these novel materials.
Point-Of-Care Testing of Covid-19
​Introduction.- Methods.- Choice of clinical specimen for COVID-19 testing.- Mutations, variants, and diagnosis.- POC test Vs At-home test.- POC tests for COVID-19.- Impact of variants on the performance of tests.
Safety of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors
Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 2 Molten-pool MobilityChapter 3 Molten-pool Sloshing MotionChapter 4 Debris Bed Formation BehaviorChapter 5 Debris Bed Self-Leveling BehaviorChapter 6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Modern Nuclear Physics
Tentative Table of Contents [ asterisk (*) for graduate level] 1. Concepts of quantum mechanics from the nuclear viewpoint 1.1 Genesis of quantum physics 1.2 Spin and Isospin 1.3 Quantum entanglement 1.4 Schr繹dinger equation 1.5 Quantum Tunneling in one dimension 1.6 Uncertainty relation 1.7 Symmetries and symmetry breaking 1.8 Dirac equation *) 1.9 Lagrangian and Path integral *) 1.10 Second quantization *) 2. Nuclear forces 2.1 Fundamental interactions 2.2 Nuclear force and symmetry constraints 2.3 Meson theory of nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction 2.4 Phase shifts and nuclear potentials 2.5 Three-body forces 2.6 Chiral Effective Field Theory (ChEFT)*) 3. Nuclear Structure theory 3.0 Bird's eye view of nuclear models 3.1 Nuclear mean field 3.2 Random phase approximation 3.2 Energy density functionals 3.2.1 Pairing interactions and BCS/Bogolyubov approximation 3.3 Beyond the mean field approaches*) 3.3.1 Generator coordinate method (GCM) 3.3.2 Anti-symmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) 3.4 The Monte Carlo shell models*) 3.5 Ab-initio approaches*) 3.5.1 No core shell model (NCSM) 3.5.2 Variational (VMC) and Green's function Monte Carlo (GFMC) approaches 3.5.3 Fermionic molecular dynamics (FMD) 4. Nuclear Structure phenomena and observables 4.1 Spectroscopic observables for shell structure 4.2 Collective oscillations 4.3 Short-range correlations 4.4 Superheavy elements 4.5 Hypernuclei 5. Radioactive ion beam physics 5.1 Radioactive ion beam accelerators 5.2 In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy and inverse kinematics 5.3 Neutron-rich nuclei -halo and skin 5.4 Evolution of nuclear shells with Isospin - island of inversion- 5.5 Di-neutron correlations and nuclear superfluidity *) 5.6 Clusters in nuclei *) 6. Deformation and Rotation 6.1 Deformation of Molecules and Nuclei 6.2 Nuclear deformation and observables 6.3 Microscopic origin for nuclear deformations and prolate dominance 6.4 Measuring shapes 6.4.1 Hyperfine atomic structure from laser spectroscopy 6.4.2 Magnetic and Quadrupole Nuclear Resonance 6.4.3 Coulomb excitation 6.5 Shape and shape coexistence*) 6.6 Superdeformation and Hyperdeformation*) 6.7 Advances in gamma spectroscopy*) 7. Nuclear reactions 7.1 Overview of reaction mechanics 7.2 Elastic scattering 7.3 Direct reactions 7.1.1 Spectroscopic factors 7.1.2 Transfer rections 7.1.3 Quasifree scattering 7.1.4 Heavy-ion induced nucleon removal 7.4 Nuclear fusion 7.4.1 Solar energies, and p-p chain reaction and CNO cycle 7.4.2 Magnetic confinement and the ITER project *) 7.4.3 Inertial confinement *) 7.5 Nuclear fission 7.5.1 Macroscopic models 7.5.2 Microscopic models *) 7.5.3 Principle of a nuclear power plant *) 8. Celestial observables and terrestrial experiments 8.1 Nuclear Equation-of-States constrained by terrestrial observables 8.2 Neutron stars 8.3 Nucleosynthesis 8.4 Supernovae explosion *) 9. Nuclear physics and the standard model of elementary particle 9.1 Standard model 9.2 Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics for Nuclei *) 9.3 CK
International Conference; Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. October, 1884. Protocols of the Proceedings
This Book "International Conference; Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. October, 1884. Protocols of the Proceedings" has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.
Nuclear Reactors
Worldwide interest in nuclear reactors continues to increase and significant focus has been placed on advanced nuclear reactors intended to produce electricity and process heat. However, there is limited literature on the importance of research reactors and certain specialized reactor analysis topics. Thus, this book addresses these topics over three sections: "Nuclear Reactors for Spacecraft Propulsion", "Research Reactors", and "Select Reactor Analysis Techniques". It provides detailed information on the use of nuclear reactors for spacecraft propulsion, presents research conducted on reactors in Idaho, USA, and discusses reactor analysis topics such as cyber-informed engineering for nuclear reactor digital instrumentation and control, the effect of plenum gas on fuel temperature, and more.
Quantum Groups in Three-Dimensional Integrability
Quantum groups have been studied intensively in mathematics and have found many valuable applications in theoretical and mathematical physics since their discovery in the mid-1980s. Roughly speaking, there are two prototype examples of quantum groups, denoted by Uq and Aq. The former is a deformation of the universal enveloping algebra of a Kac-Moody Lie algebra, whereas the latter is a deformation of the coordinate ring of a Lie group. Although they are dual to each other in principle, most of the applications so far are based on Uq, and the main targets are solvable lattice models in 2-dimensions or quantum field theories in 1+1 dimensions. This book aims to present a unique approach to 3-dimensional integrability based on Aq. It starts from the tetrahedron equation, a 3-dimensional analogue of the Yang-Baxter equation, and its solution due to work by Kapranov-Voevodsky (1994). Then, it guides readers to its variety of generalizations, relations to quantum groups, and applications. They include a connection to the Poincar矇-Birkhoff-Witt basis of a unipotent part of Uq, reductions to the solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, reflection equation, G2 reflection equation, matrix product constructions of quantum R matrices and reflection K matrices, stationary measures of multi-species simple-exclusion processes, etc. These contents of the book are quite distinct from conventional approaches and will stimulate and enrich the theories of quantum groups and integrable systems.
Corruption Networks
This book aims to gather the insight of leading experts on corruption and anti-corruption studies working at the scientific frontier of this phenomenon using the multidisciplinary tools of data and network science, in order to present current theoretical, empirical, and operational efforts being performed in order to curb this problem. The research results strengthen the importance of evidence-based approaches in the fight against corruption in all its forms, and foster the discussion about the best ways to convert the obtained knowledge into public policy.The contributed chapters provide comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches to handle the non-trivial structural and dynamical aspects that characterize the modern social, economic, political and technological systems where corruption takes place.This book will serve a broad multi-disciplinary audience from natural to social scientists, applied mathematicians, including law and policymakers.
Thermal and Statistical Physics
This textbook presents the fundamental concepts and theories in thermal physics and elementary statistical mechanics in a very simple, systematic and comprehensive way. This book is written in a way that it presents the topics in a holistic manner with end-of-chapter exercises and examples where concepts are supported by numerous solved examples and multiple-choice questions to aid self-learning. The textbook also contains illustrated diagrams for better understanding of the concepts. The book will benefit students who are taking introductory courses in thermal physics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.
Unknown Facts of Our Universe
WE ALL KNOW THAT WE LIVE IN MILKY WAY GALAXY...BUT ARE YOU SURE THAT EARTH IS THE ONLY PLANET WHICH CAN SUSTAIN LIFE?...WE DON'T KNOW THAT HOW MANY GALAXIES ARE THERE IN THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE..SO JUST READ THIS BOOK/ARTICLE...MAY I CAN CLEARIFY YOU... HOPE YOU WILL LIKE THIS......ADVERTISE THIS AS MUCH AS YOU CAN ON ANY SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM AND SENT THE SCREENSHOT ON interestinglife.becreative@gmail.com WE SELECT THE ONE WHO WILL ADVERTISE THE MOST AND MENTION THIER NAME WITH PHOTO IN THE BOOK.......
Neutrinos in Physics and Astrophysics
This book covers the field of neutrino physics and astrophysics, providing an up-to-date presentation of the different research topics on the frontier of the field. It starts with a historical description to understand how the different aspects of our knowledge about the neutrinos evolved up to the present state. The main required elements of the Standard Model of electroweak interactions are introduced, and the different neutrino interactions and detection techniques are presented. We introduce the various ways to give neutrinos a mass and the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations which provides the main evidence for non-vanishing neutrino masses. We then consider the neutrinos produced in the Sun, what we have learned from them, and how they can also be useful to study our star. The geoneutrinos produced by the radioactivity in the Earth are discussed and the status of their detection is presented. We survey the neutrino production in the supernova explosions at the end of the life of very massive stars, what has been observed in SN1987A, and what could be learned from a future supernova or from the observation of the diffuse supernova neutrino background. We describe in detail the neutrino production by cosmic rays interacting in the atmosphere, the evidence for their flavor oscillations, and the oscillograms to describe their flavor change in terrestrial matter. The different mechanisms of production of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and the observations achieved with the IceCube detector are presented, also discussing their flavor content by means of the flavor triangle. We then examine the cosmological neutrino background, its impact on Big Bang nucleosynthesis and on the CMB observations, with the associated bound on their masses and effective number. Finally, we review the basics of the leptogenesis scenarios, which provide an attractive explanation for the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
Set Theory and Its Applications in Physics and Computing
Why learn set theory? This book provides the answer -- it is interesting, and also useful! Taking a new approach and looking from a fresh perspective, the discussion flows in a friendly and transparent way, supplemented with a lot of examples and figures. This makes the theory easily comprehensible: the proofs get vivid and visual, enveloped with interesting applications for students in (applied) math, physics, and engineering. Given the theory and the applications, the book could serve as a textbook in four (undergraduate) math courses: Introduction to set theory and its application; Chaos theory and stability -- a geometrical point of view; Functional analysis -- Han-Banach theory; and Cryptography with quantum computing. It teaches set theory from the basics, including the axiom of choice, the well ordering theorem, and Zorn's lemma. Furthermore, it uses Cantor's set to introduce chaos theory from a geometrical point of view. Moreover, it introduces the binomial formula (and other related formulas), and uses them in quantum statistical mechanics. And finally, it uses Zorn's lemma in functional analysis, general relativity, and quantum mechanics. There are also practical applications in cryptography, error correction, quantum computing and programming.
Laboratory Manual of Glass-Blowing
This Book "Laboratory Manual of Glass-Blowing" has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.
The Machinery of the Universe
This Book "The Machinery of the Universe: Mechanical Conceptions of Physical Phenomena" has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.
Nanoscale Hydrodynamics of Simple Systems
Written for graduate students and researchers, Nanoscale Hydrodynamics of Simple Systems covers fundamental aspects of nanoscale hydrodynamics and extends this basis to examples. Covering classical, generalised and extended hydrodynamic theories, the title also discusses their limitations. It introduces the reader to nanoscale fluid phenomena and explores how fluid dynamics on this extreme length scale can be understood using hydrodynamic theory and detailed atomistic simulations. It also comes with additional resources including a series of explanatory videos on the installation of the code package, as well as discussion, analysis and visualisations of simulations. This title primarily focusses on training the reader to identify when classical theory breaks down, how to extend and generalise the theory, as well as assimilate how simulations and theory together can be used to gain fundamental knowledge about the fluid dynamics of small-scale systems.
Electric Power Distribution Systems
Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems Provides a comprehensive introduction to today's electric power distribution systems, perfect for advanced students and industry professionals Due to growth of renewable resources and advances in information technology, electric power distribution systems have undergone significant changes over the past fifteen years. The expansion of technologies such as consumer rooftop solar panels, electric vehicles, smart energy storage, and automated metering infrastructure make planning and operating power distribution systems challenging. Integration of advanced technologies at the distribution level is critical for realizing higher efficiency, reliability, resiliency, and flexibility. Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems: Models, Methods, and Applications provides comprehensive coverage of the key aspects of conventional and emerging distribution systems, including modeling, methodologies, analysis, planning, economics, distribution automation, reliability, grounding, protection, power quality, and distributed energy resources. Written by experts with decades of experience in academia and industry, this textbook integrates theory and practice to present a well-balanced treatment of topics relevant to modern electric power distribution systems. Detailed chapters address modeling of distribution system components, load characteristics and optimal selection of devices, microgrids and other types of energy resources, the challenges associated with the planning and operation of distribution systems, and more. Covers a wide range of both legacy and contemporary issues supported by rigorous analysis and practical insights Provides in-depth examination of outage management, voltage control, system restoration, and other operational functions Features real-world case studies of distribution automation functions in urban and rural power systems Discusses technologies for distributed energy resources (DER) with a focus on wind, solar, and battery storage Describes fundamental economics in the context of power distribution systems, such as the impact of tariffs on selling electricity to consumers of different types Explains the architecture of distribution system protection, including fuses, reclosers, overcurrent relays, and grounding practices The ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and first-year graduate courses, Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems: Models, Methods, and Applications is also an excellent reference for professionals with limited prior knowledge about distribution systems.
Power System Relaying
Power System Relaying An updated edition of the gold standard in power system relaying texts In the newly revised fifth edition of Power System Relaying, a distinguished team of engineers delivers a thorough update to an essential text used by countless univer sities and industry courses around the world. The book explores the fundamentals of relaying and power system phenomena, including stability, protection, and reliability. The latest edition provides readers with substantial updates to transformer protection, rotating machinery protection, nonpilot distance protection of transmission and distribution lines, power system phenomena, and bus, reactor, and capacitor protection. It also includes an expanded introduction to the elements of protection systems. Problems and solutions round out the new material and offer an indispensable self-contained study environment. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to protective relaying, including discussions of effective grounding and power system bus configurations In-depth explorations of relay operating principles and current and voltage transformers Fulsome discussions of nonpilot overcurrent and distance protection of transmission and distribution lines, as well as pilot protection of transmission lines Comprehensive treatments of rotating machinery protection and bus, reactor, and capacitor protection Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students studying power system engineering, Power System Relaying is an ideal resource for practicing engineers involved with power systems and academic researchers studying power system protection.
Control Over Communication Networks
Control over Communication Networks Advanced and systematic examination of the design and analysis of networked control systems and multi-agent systems Control Over Communication Networks provides a systematic and nearly self-contained description of the analysis and design of networked control systems (NCSs) and multi-agent systems (MASs) over imperfect communication networks, with a primary focus on fading channels and delayed channels. The text characterizes the effect of communication channels on the stability and performance of NCSs, and further studies the joint impact of communication channels and network topology on the consensus of MASs. By integrating communication and control theory, the four highly-qualified authors present fundamental results concerning the stabilization of NCSs over power-constrained fading channels and Gaussian finite-state Markov channels, linear-quadratic optimal control of NCSs with random input gains, optimal state estimation with intermittent observations, consensus of MASs with communication delay and packet dropouts, and synchronization of delayed Vicsek models. Simulation results are given in each chapter to demonstrate the developed analysis and synthesis approaches. The references are comprehensive and up-to-date, enabling further study for readers. Topics covered in Control Over Communication Networks include: Basic foundational knowledge, including control theory, communication theory, and graph theory, to enable readers to understand more complex topics The stabilization, optimal control, and remote state estimation problems of linear systems over channels with fading, signal-to-noise constraints, or intermittent measurements Consensus problems of MASs over fading/delayed channels, with directed and undirected communication graphs Control Over Communication Networks provides a valuable unified platform for understanding the analysis and design of NCSs and MASs for researchers, control engineers working on control systems over communication networks, and mechanical engineers working on unmanned systems. Preliminary knowledge of linear system theory and matrix analysis is required.
