Cyber-Physical Systems and Metrology 4.0
The 'Cyber-Physical Systems and Metrology 4.0' is written by 30 authors whose scientific achievements for the last five years cover a significant information technology and measurement science segments. The purpose of this book is to present and consider the main trends in the field of metrology of Cyber-Physical Systems, which are becoming a key element of everyday life. At the first, the book is intended for engineers, lecturers, students, persons who are not acquainted enough with the specificity of Cyber-Physical Systems and their Metrologyб but are interested in it. The authors have highlighted the emergence and development of these systems, combined with the study of their metrology maintenance.
Elements of Einstein's Relativity The Special Theory
The Special Theory of Relativity is one of the revolutionary theories of 20th-century Physics. This book is primarily intended for students of physical science and mathematics at the undergraduate level and the author attempts to make clear the conceptual difficulties that they usually face in their first learning of the subject. A little bit of the historical development of the theory and contributions of a number of scientists in this course is presented in short. General readers with a background and curiosity in science may also find the book interesting if they like to set aside the mathematical complexities.
The Genetic Effects of Radiation (Deseret Alphabet edition)
In addition to being one of the world's greatest science fiction writers, Isaac Asimov (1920- 1992) was highly regarded as an indefatigable popularizer of science. Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) was a prominent geneticist. "The Genetic Effects of Radiation" is a booklet originally prepared in 1966 for publication by the Atomic Energy Commission, then a part of the US Government. It was part of the AEC's "Understanding the Atom" series. It covers some of basics of radioactivity, genetics, and the effects of radiation on living tissue in general and more specifically on DNA, and its concomitant impact on inheritance and a species' genetic load. This book is in the Deseret Alphabet, a phonetic alphabet for writing English developed in the mid-19th century at the University of Deseret (now the University of Utah).
Natural Science
This exercise book is primarily intended to prepare students for studies at universities of applied sciences. The high school graduation or the specialized university entrance qualification is required for admission to a university degree program. In addition, there is also the possibility to study with a higher professional qualification, such as the master craftsman or as a graduate of a two-year recognized technical school. Especially here, however, deficits in mathematics and the fundamentals of natural sciences often become apparent so that students cannot successfully begin their studies to become industrial, civil, mechanical or even electrical engineers. The same applies if the date of the university entrance qualification already lies somewhat in the past. In order to ensure that the necessary tools, such as mathematics or the fundamentals of science, are available at the start of studies, Dr.-Ing. J羹rgen Schl羹sing and Diploma Physicist Hans-J羹rgen Hellberg have decided to compile a first small exercise book series. The first exercise book series consists of four exercise booklets each in mathematics and three scientific basics. Exercise books Mathematics: Fundamentals, Differential Calculus, Integral Calculus, Linear Algebra, Differential Equations, Complex Numbers Exercise books in Natural Science Fundamentals: Oscillations, Waves, Optics
Theory of Unthinkable
I always thought that my book Illuminati Secret Knowledge: Future Beyond Your Wildest Dreams was the greatest book I ever wrote and I still think so, but once my readers saw Theory of Unthinkable: The Day We Killed God - they said this book exceeds everything ever created by any author. They believe that manuscript was not written by human but by an alien because it is so different from any other earth book. Here, science fiction and theory of relativity are intertwined with religion, reincarnation and holographic universe. The universe that was created by whom? How our creator looked like and, most importantly, why he or she created a world that is full of suffering, inequalities and atrocities? Heroes of this prophetic book embark on a journey that will take several lifetimes to solve millennia old enigma. Unexpectedly, they come to a conclusion that we all live in a holographic simulation run by an entity or entities that are hell-bent on ending human race failed experiment, despite they are being worshipped all across the globe. The problem is that God exists in an entirely different dimension, using digital avatars only to visit our world and does not comply with any universal laws of physics. It will take Theory of Unthinkable to do something so monumental that no one would even dare to think today - to kill God.
Thermal Comfort of Industrialised Building System
This book describes theoretical and practical aspects of thermal comfort inside buildings
February 16
No detailed description available for "February 16".
February 16
No detailed description available for "February 16".
Weak Multiplex Percolation
In many systems consisting of interacting subsystems, the complex interactions between elements can be represented using multilayer networks. However percolation, key to understanding connectivity and robustness, is not trivially generalised to multiple layers. This Element describes a generalisation of percolation to multilayer networks: weak multiplex percolation. A node belongs to a connected component if at least one of its neighbours in each layer is in this component. The authors fully describe the critical phenomena of this process. In two layers with finite second moments of the degree distributions the authors observe an unusual continuous transition with quadratic growth above the threshold. When the second moments diverge, the singularity is determined by the asymptotics of the degree distributions, creating a rich set of critical behaviours. In three or more layers the authors find a discontinuous hybrid transition which persists even in highly heterogeneous degree distributions, becoming continuous only when the powerlaw exponent reaches $1+1/(M-1)$ for $M$ layers.
Parting the Cosmic Veil
This book describes our gradual awareness of a vast, previously concealed Universe. It is a story of expanding horizons and the discovery of invisible worlds, made possible with new technology and novel telescopes that have broadened our range of perception. The Cosmos is evolving. But even though we are pushing the boundaries of knowledge closer to an understanding of the origins and destinies, of either the Universe or Life, the ultimate answers to these grand questions still lie hidden behind the Cosmic Veil. This voyage of discovery is presented within universal themes, such as invisibility, motion, content, form, impermanence, violence and emptiness, beginnings and ends. These are topics that concern us all, helping us take the Universe personally, so each chapter begins with the human aspect of some of these themes. The book is additionally broadened by including the perceptions of artists, poets and writers, as well as with line drawings that forcefully compact a scientific insight.
Reshaping of Dirac Cones in Topological Insulators and Graphene
Introduction.- Reshaping of Dirac Cones by Electric Fields.- Reshaping of Dirac Cones by Magnetic Fields.- Surface States in d-doped Topological Boundaries.- Floquet Engineering of Dirac Cones.- Appendix.
An Introduction to Comets
Written by a leading expert on comets, this textbook is divided into seven main elements with a view to allowing advanced students to appreciate the interconnections between the different elements. The author opens with a brief introductory segment on the motivation for studying comets and the overall scope of the book. The first chapter describes fundamental aspects most usually addressed by ground-based observation. The author then looks at the basic physical phenomena in four separate chapters addressing the nucleus, the emitted gas, the emitted dust, and the solar wind interaction. Each chapter introduces the basic physics and chemistry but then new specific measurements by Rosetta instruments at comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko are brought in. A concerted effort has been made to distinguish between established fact and conjecture. Deviations and inconsistencies are brought out and their significance explained. Links to previous observations of comets Tempel 1, Wild 2, Hartley 2, Halley and others are made. The author then closes with three smaller chapters on related objects, the loss of comets, and prospects for future exploration. This textbook includes over 275 graphics and figures - most of which are original. Thorough explanations and derivations are included throughout the chapters. The text is therefore designed to support MSc. students and new PhD students in the field wanting to gain a solid overview of the state-of-the-art.
General and Statistical Thermodynamics
This textbook provides comprehensive information on general and statistical thermodynamics. It begins with an introductory statistical mechanics course, deriving all the important formulae meticulously and explicitly, without mathematical shortcuts. In turn, the main part of the book focuses on in-depth discussions of the concepts and laws of thermodynamics, van der Waals, Kelvin and Claudius theories, ideal and real gases, thermodynamic potentials, phonons and all related aspects. To elucidate the concepts introduced and to provide practical problem-solving support, numerous carefully worked-out examples are included. The text is clearly written and punctuated with a number of interesting anecdotes. The book also provides alternative solutions to problems and second equivalent explanations of important physical concepts. This second edition has been expanded to cover the foundations of superconductivity with new chapters on Cooper pairs, the Bogoliubov transformation, and superconductivity. It is suitable as a main thermodynamics textbook for upper-undergraduate students and provides extensive coverage, allowing instructors to 'pick and choose' the elements that best match their class profile.
Frontiers and Progress of Current Soft Matter Research
1. Introduction to Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics and its Foundations.- 2. On the Foundational Principles of Statistical Mechanics.- 3. Generalized Onsager Principle and It Applications.- 4. An Introduction to Emergence Dynamics in Complex Systems.- 5. Basics of Molecular Modeling and Molecular Simulation.- 6. Cocoon Silk: from Mesoscopic Materials Design to Engineering Principles and Applications.- 7. A Primer on Gels (with an Emphasis on Molecular Gels).- 8. Fr矇edericksz-like Positional Transition Triggered by an External Electric Field.
High Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos
This book provides a pedagogical introduction to the likely sources of these neutrinos, their propagation and detection mechanisms. Detection of high energy neutrinos of extragalactic origin has led to an interdisciplinary field of research, involving astronomy, astrophysics and particle physics. An extensive review of various detectors and the observations is provided that consolidates the latest findings. Above a few tens of TeVs, neutrinos are conceived as more reliable messengers for astronomy than photons as these photons get absorbed in the background photon field. Determining the neutrino spectrum not only helps in exploring astrophysical objects like AGN, GRB, etc. but also allows us to study particle physics at unprecedented energies. This introductory book is intended to help advanced undergraduate and graduate students to get into the subject with ease, and it simultaneously caters to practicing theoretical or experimental physicists as a reference book.
The Sky Eye
This book introduces the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), also known as the "The Sky Eye", one of the China's big science facilities. Using easy-to-understand language, the book covers the scientific background, construction process, achievements, and effects of FAST on the development of the national economy. With a large number of intuitive and vivid images and videos, the book presents basic information on FAST for general readers who are interested in astronomy.
Environmental Issues of Blasting
This book gives a rigorous and up-to-date study of the various AI and machine learning algorithms for resolving environmental challenges associated with blasting. Blasting is a critical activity in any mining or civil engineering project for breaking down hard rock masses. A small amount of explosive energy is only used during blasting to fracture rock in order to achieve the appropriate fragmentation, throw, and development of muck pile. The surplus energy is transformed into unfavourable environmental effects such as back-break, flyrock, air overpressure, and ground vibration. The advancement of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques has increased the accuracy of predicting these environmental impacts of blasting. This book discusses the effective application of these strategies in forecasting, mitigating, and regulating the aforementioned blasting environmental hazards.
Biohydrogen
Biohydrogen is a promising gaseous biofuel that has prospective applications in combined heat and power, for fuel cells, or as a precursor for chemicals production. Hydrogen can also be converted to liquid hydrocarbon fuels and value-added chemicals through catalytic thermochemical or through biocatalytic biological pathways. This book addresses both the fundamentals as well as advanced new technological research on biohydrogen production by focusing on recent global research with emphasis on the technological, environmental, socioeconomic, and techno-economic aspects. It covers some the important advances in the production and utilization of biohydrogen and its solutions for clean fuel, waste management, waste valorization, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change mitigation.The book first covers the basic principles, benefits, and challenges concerning both the biological and thermochemical routes for biohydrogen production and then goes on to address topics such as biomass conversion to hydrogen through gasification with a focus on the process parameters, catalytic reforming technologies for hydrogen production concerning various feedstocks, the co-conversion of plastic wastes and biomass into biohydrogen through co-gasification technology, the effect of process parameters on syngas yields through co-gasification; fermentative hydrogen production technologies, the molecular mechanism of hydrogen production and enhancing the yield in hydrogen production by genetic and metabolic engineering, hydrogen production routes through microbial electrolysis, and much more.
Influence of Microplastics on Environmental and Human Health
Microplastics have received increased attention in the research world over the last 10 years. A number of significant publications by the World Health Organisation, European Union, SAPEA and GESAMP have highlighted this growing environmental and health emergency.
SMART Energy Management
The focus of this book is smart energy management with the recurring theme being the use of computational and data-driven methods that use requirements/measurement/monitoring data to drive actuation/control, optimization, and resource management. The computational perspective is applied to manage energy, with an emphasis on smart buildings and the smart electric grids.The book also presents computational thinking and techniques such as inferencing and learning for energy management. To this end, this book is designed to help understand the recent research trends in energy management, focusing specifically on the efforts to increase energy efficiency of buildings, campuses, and cities.
Solving Problems of Simple Structural Mechanics
Solve problems in elementary structural mechanics thoughtfully and efficiently with this self-contained volume. Covers the basics of structural mechanics and focuses on simple structures, truss frameworks, beams and frames, design choices, and deformity. Carefully interrogates underlying assumptions for efficiencies in working out whilst expounding fundamental principles for a consistent understanding. Heavily connects the practical world of indeterminate structures to their analysis, to underline benefits they impart to the latter: that certain analytical methods provide a wealth of efficient solutions for problems of indeterminate structures compared to determinate ones. Celebrates the beauty of analytical indeterminacy and its relationship to practical structures. Perfect for students invested in structural mechanics, and aims to complement their learning and understanding.
Statistical Thermodynamics for Pure and Applied Sciences
This textbook concerns thermal properties of bulk matter and is aimed at advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate students in a range of programs in science or engineering. It provides an intermediate level presentation of statistical thermodynamics for students in the physical sciences (chemistry, nanosciences, physics) or related areas of applied science/engineering (chemical engineering, materials science, nanotechnology engineering), as they are areas in which statistical mechanical concepts play important roles. The book enables students to utilize microscopic concepts to achieve a better understanding of macroscopic phenomena and to be able to apply these concepts to the types of sub-macroscopic systems encountered in areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Geometry of String Theory Compactifications
String theory is a leading candidate for the unification of universal forces and matter, and one of its most striking predictions is the existence of small additional dimensions that have escaped detection so far. This book focuses on the geometry of these dimensions, beginning with the basics of the theory, the mathematical properties of spinors, and differential geometry. It further explores advanced techniques at the core of current research, such as G-structures and generalized complex geometry. Many significant classes of solutions to the theory's equations are studied in detail, from special holonomy and Sasaki-Einstein manifolds to their more recent generalizations involving fluxes for form fields. Various explicit examples are discussed, of interest to graduates and researchers.
Classical and Quantum Statistical Physics
Statistical physics examines the collective properties of large ensembles of particles, and is a powerful theoretical tool with important applications across many different scientific disciplines. This book provides a detailed introduction to classical and quantum statistical physics, including links to topics at the frontiers of current research. The first part of the book introduces classical ensembles, provides an extensive review of quantum mechanics, and explains how their combination leads directly to the theory of Bose and Fermi gases. This allows a detailed analysis of the quantum properties of matter, and introduces the exotic features of vacuum fluctuations. The second part discusses more advanced topics such as the two-dimensional Ising model and quantum spin chains. This modern text is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in the role of statistical physics in current research. 140 homework problems reinforce key concepts and further develop readers' understanding of the subject.
The Mathematics of Open Quantum Systems
In the first part of the book, the uniqueness theorems for the solutions to the restricted Weyl commutation relations braiding unitary groups and semi-groups of contractions are discussed. The major theme involves an intrinsic characterization of the simplest symmetric operator solutions to the Heisenberg uncertainty relations, the problem posed by J繪rgensen and Muhly, followed by the proof of the uniqueness theorems for the simplest solutions to the restricted Weyl commutation relations. The detailed study of unitary invariants of the corresponding dissipative and symmetric operators opens up a look at the classical Stone-von Neumann uniqueness theorem from a new angle and provides an extended version of the uniqueness result relating various realizations of a differentiation operator on the corresponding metric graphs.The second part of the book is devoted to mathematical problems of the quantum measurements under continuous monitoring. Among the topics discussed are the complementarity of the Quantum Zeno effect and Exponential Decay scenario in frequent quantum measurements, and a rigorous treatment, within continuous monitoring paradigm, of the celebrated "double-slit experiment" where the renowned exclusive and interference measurement alternatives approach in quantum theory is presented in a way that is accessible for mathematicians. One of the striking applications of the generalized (1-stable) central limit theorem is the mathematical evidence of exponential decay of unstable states of the quantum pendulum under continuous monitoring.
Lecture Notes on Acoustics and Noise Control
This textbook provides a guide to the fundamental principles of acoustics in a straightforward manner using a solid foundation in mathematics and physics. It is designed for those who are new to acoustics and noise control, and includes all the necessary material for a comprehensive understanding of the topic. It is written in lecture-note style and can be easily adapted to an acoustics-related one semester course at the senior undergraduate or graduate level. The book also serves as a ready reference for the practicing engineer new to the application of acoustic principles arising in product design and fabrication.
A Guide to Close Binary Systems
Introduction to Close Binary Systems provides a comprehensive survey and guide to the fast-moving field of multiple, specifically binary, stars, with an up to date account of research around 'close', i.e. interacting pairs.
Galileo Galilei's "Two New Sciences"
This book aims to make Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) accessible to the modern reader by refashioning the great scientist's masterpiece "Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences" in today's language. Galileo Galilei stands as one of the most important figures in history, not simply for his achievements in astronomy, physics, and engineering and for revolutionizing science and the scientific method in general, but also for the role that he played in the (still ongoing) drama concerning entrenched power and its desire to stifle any knowledge that may threaten it. Therefore, it is important that today's readers come to understand and appreciate what Galilei accomplished and wrote. But the mindset that shapes how we see the world today is quite different from the mindset -- and language -- of Galilei and his contemporaries. Another obstacle to a full understanding of Galilei's writings is posed by the countless historical, philosophical, geometrical, and linguistic references he made, along with his often florid prose, with its blend of Italian and Latin. De Angelis' new rendition of the work includes translations of the original geometrical figures into algebraic formulae in modern notation and allows the non-specialist reader to follow the thread of Galileo's thought and in a way that was barely possible until now.
Ground Motion Seismology
This book explains the physics behind seismic ground motions and seismic waves to graduate and upper undergraduate students as well as to professionals. Both seismic ground motions and seismic waves are terms for "shaking" due to earthquakes, but it is common that shaking in the near-field of an earthquake source is called seismic ground motion and in the far-field is called seismic waves. Seismic ground motion is often described by the tensor formula based on the representation theorem, but in this book explicit formulation is emphasized beginning with Augustus Edward Hough Love (1863 - 1940). The book also explains in depth the equations and methods used for analysis and computation of shaking close to an earthquake source. In addition, it provides in detail information and knowledge related to teleseismic body waves, which are frequently used in the analysis of the source of an earthquake.
Bio-Physics of Insect Flight
This book basically involves the study of flight parameters, wing beat frequency, moment of inertia, and wing movements for developing various aerodynamic forces which have been calculated. The book is intended for biologists, physicists, nanotechnologists, and aerospace engineers. Resilin, an elastic polymer (4 λ) which is present at the base of insect, plays a major role in Neurogenic and Myogenic insect flyers and influences the physiology of flight muscles. Leading edge vortex (LEV) is a special feature of insect flight. Insect wings have stalling angle above 60 degrees as compared to a man-made aeroplane stalling angle which is 16 degree. Reynolds number, the knowledge of LEV, and detailed study of moment of inertia help in developing flapping flexible wings for micro-aerial-vehicles. This book serves as an interface between biologists and engineers interested to develop biomimicking micro-aerial-vehicles. The contents of this book is useful to researchers and professionals alike.
Water Rockets, for Kids
Build Water Bottle Rockets and launch high using air pressure and water exhaust. Emphasis is a light graphical flow of ideas. Rockets have launched humans into the 21st century. Rockets are very general. Anything that squirts some exhaust out the back is a rocket. For a chemical rocket, that exhaust needs its own fuel and oxidizer. For a water rocket, that exhaust needs a bicycle pump, a bottle, and some water, along with some sweat pumping up the compressed air. Hopefully there is enough thrust or force to lift the body's full weight against gravity, although that is not required if you are a rocket car or 'wingman' and just want to fly along the ground. 1.Water bottles can easily be made into air pressure powered air or water rockets. To get a lower pressure launch, one kit will give you corks or bungs that pop out when the pressure gets high enough. To get controlled higher air pressure, other kits will provide a PVC pipe launch tube, with tire pump nozzles, and corks. These launch tubes take more effort to build than the bottle rocket. 2.Huge space chemical rockets have the same rocket thrust concept as water bottle rockets, except liquid fuels and oxidizer are used like very cold hydrogen and oxygen. Solid fuel is also sometimes used as a first stage booster, when the launch needs a large thrust and does not need to throttle. Part 1: Rocket types: Rocket types, launcher kits, and water usesThe first part of the book, Chapters 1-3, briefly compares the three different types of rockets - water bottle, toy chemical, and real space rockets - with their different speeds and altitudes, different fuels and energy sources. Bottle rockets have pressurized air, and toy and space rockets have solid fuel where fuel is pre-mixed with oxidizer, and liquid fuel. Part 2: Details of Bottle Rocket: Building and optimizing a bottle rocket The second part of the book, Chapters 4-10, describes the air and water bottle rocket in more detail. Topics are how to build and launch the bottle rocket, how to build the PVC launch tube or just buy a water rocket kit. 1.Air pressure Water bottle rockets provide a lot of hands-on building, and show how different size exhaust nozzles (diameter of hole in screw caps) impacts the force lifting the rocket. Part 3: Appendices: Appendices A-C: Teacher and Parent ideas. A review of different launch pads, some ideas for activities to learn about rockets, and instructions for building your own plastic tube launch pad. This book is the abridged version of 'Water Bottle Rockets'. If your purpose is to just learn about general bottle rocket behavior (without detailed predictions), then get this abridged 'for Kids' version.
The Story of Our Amazing Universe
Our Universe is amazing. This is its story, told in simple language.The story tells how the Universe came to be what it is today. It starts with the Big Bang and describes how stars, black holes, and our solar system developed. It explores the evolution of life on Earth and investigates the possibility of extra-terrestrial life. It peers into the future and wonders about the Universe's likely old age and death, or whatever else may be its end. The challenge the book takes up is to explain all of this, including some of the astonishing concepts we have in science, such as Einstein's theories of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, using virtually no mathematics and without dumbing-down. All are described narratively and explained using examples and anecdotes. The book is written for young people with a thirst for learning about the science of space, as well as for 'grown-ups' who want a better understanding of this fascinating subject.
The Physics of the Manhattan Project
The development of nuclear weapons during the Manhattan Project is one of the most significant scientific events of the twentieth century. This revised and updated 4th edition explores the challenges that faced the scientists and engineers of the Manhattan Project. It gives a clear introduction to fission weapons at the level of an upper-year undergraduate physics student by examining the details of nuclear reactions, their energy release, analytic and numerical models of the fission process, how critical masses can be estimated, how fissile materials are produced, and what factors complicate bomb design. An extensive list of references and a number of exercises for self-study are included. Revisions to this fourth edition include many upgrades and new sections. Improvements are made to, among other things, the analysis of the physics of the fission barrier, the time-dependent simulation of the explosion of a nuclear weapon, and the discussion of tamped bomb cores. New sections cover, for example, composite bomb cores, approximate methods for various of the calculations presented, and the physics of the polonium-beryllium "neutron initiators" used to trigger the bombs.The author delivers in this book an unparalleled, clear and comprehensive treatment of the physics behind the Manhattan project.
Electroweak Symmetry and Its Breaking
Fundamental interactions are mediated by bosonic fields, quanta of which are realized as particles. The properties of these fields typically obey certain symmetry rules. In this book we discuss the symmetry between two types of interactions - electromagnetic, which are familiar to anyone who turned on the electric lights, and weak, which govern the nuclear reactions that fuel the Sun. While there is a symmetry between these two types of interactions, it is broken. The unified theory of electroweak interactions was developed over 50 years ago. The Higgs scalar field named after one of the theorists that proposed it, is believed to be responsible for the breaking of the electroweak symmetry. Yet, it is only now after the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 by the LHC experiments, that we can study the mechanism of the electroweak symmetry breaking. This book discusses the theoretical developments that led to the construction of this theory, the discovery and the experimental observations that need to come to fully establish the validity of the model.
Experimental Astrophysics
We are now living in the multimessenger era in which often weak and elusive astrophysical phenomena need to be studied using different and orthogonal probes and information carriers in order to be fully understood. This book is designed to give advanced undergraduate students a description of the most popular techniques and instrumentation employed in modern astrophysics. Focusing on electromagnetic radiation and its detection spanning from radio- to X-ray wavelengths, it gives a general description of astrophysical observables, such as flux, brightness, throughput, and magnitude. It describes general concepts about geometrical and physical optics at different wavelengths, in an astronomical context, including the concepts of lenses, mirrors, antennas, telescopes, the focal plane, angular resolution, the field of view, and the diffraction limit. The origin of noise and the extraction of a signal from it is also covered, including noise reduction techniques such as filtering, amplification, as well as cryogenic techniques. The theory of signals and the theorems related to digital electronics are also introduced. A set of student laboratory activities is included to illustrate the concepts covered in the book.Key Features Provides a comprehensive introduction to modern astrophysical techniques and instrumentation Covers astronomical optics, telescopes, noise, the theory of signals and digital electronics Describes different receiving techniques such as coherent radiometers, semiconductor and superconductor thermal bolometers, charge-coupled devices (CCDs), and X-ray calorimeters Includes a set of student laboratory activities to illustrate the concepts covered in the book
On the Theory of Relativity
This collection, intended for a wider audience, contains new publications of three articles by Einstein: "What is the Theory of Relativity, " "A Brief Outline of the Development of the Theory of Relativity, " "The Problem of Space, Ether and the Field in Physics" and two small books: A. Einstein, Sidelights on Relativity, and H. A. Lorentz, The Einstein Theory of Relativity.
The Rapid Evaluation of Potential Fields in Particle Systems
The Rapid Evaluation of Potential Fields in Particle Systems presents a group of algorithms for the computation of the potential and force fields in large-scale systems of particles that are likely to revolutionize a whole class of computer applications in science and engineering. In many areas of scientific computing, from studying the evolution of galaxies, to simulating the behavior of plasmas and fluids, to modelling chemical systems, a numerical scheme is used to follow the trajectories of a collection of particles moving in accordance with Newton's second law of motion in a field generated by the whole ensemble. Extending the earlier work of Rokhlin, Greengard has developed general, numerically stable methods for evaluating all pairwise interactions in linear time, a great improvement over the quadratic time required by the naive approach, and significantly better than any other proposed alternative. The Rokhlin-Greengard algorithm promises to make previously prohibitive simulations feasible, with speedups of three to four orders of magnitude in a system of a million particles. Moreover, the algorithm is well-suited for vector and parallel machines, and should make full use of their capabilities. The author presents his work with great clarity, and demonstrates the superiority of his methods both by mathematical analysis and by the results of numerical experiments.The Rapid Evaluation of Potential Fields in Particle Systems is a 1987 ACM Distinguished Dissertation.
Waves in Anisotropic Plasmas
A list of errata for this title is available upon request directed to A. Bers at bers@mit.edu.
Why Teach Physics?
This volume contains the editors' survey of the proceedings of a Conference on Physics in General Education held in Rio de Janeiro in July, 1963. This volume contains a readable, condensed, and interpretive account of discussions among physicists from 26 countries from the Conference on Physics in General Education held in Rio de Janeiro in July, 1963. The meeting dealt with physics as part of a liberal education. The serious practical difficulties of teaching physics in a way that is appropriate to this purpose are now widely recognized in those countries that are highly developed scientifically, and many projects have been launched to solve them. Reports on some of these projects were given at the Conference, and still others are referred to in the book. In the comparatively underdeveloped countries, on the other hand, it is still necessary to establish the importance of including physics and other sciences in the curriculum. The book will be useful to all those who are concerned with science education. It will prove particularly useful to science educators working in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.This was the second conference on education to be organized under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), in association with a number of other national and international organizations. The Conference material was reduced to about one-third of its volume, rearranged, and in instances largely rewritten, so as to present the essence of the formal addresses and discussions in as useful and readable form as possible.
Teaching Physics
Given the ever-increasing acceleration of science and technology, every modern scientist is to some degree concerned about the future of his subject and, as a teacher, about how to come to terms with the interaction of science and the needs and aspirations of his students.This book reports the proceedings of the International Congress on the Education of Teachers of Physics in Secondary Schools, held in Eger, Hungary, during September 1970. It reviews the recruitment and education of prospective physics teachers in secondary schools, considers the solutions found by some countries and attempts to aid others in solving the problems of their own local situations. The 151 participants from 28 countries represented many different educational systems and the conference's location made possible the attendance of teachers from the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Africa, the United States, and the United Arab Republic, in addition to a large group from the host country. In presenting the material, the editors have attempted to retain the conversational tone--the free flow of information--of the conference.Chapter 1, The Response to Modern Society, provides the backdrop against which all further discussions are cast--namely, a concern for the relation of physical science to culture in the most general sense and to the problems of society in particular. Subsequent chapters begin with guidelines formally adopted by each international working group as it pursued such specific topics as: constraints on teacher education; the recruitment, initial training, and in-service education of teachers; curriculum innovation in teacher education; the technology of physics education; procurement of low-cost equipment; and special problems of developing countries. Five appendixes provide information on papers and documents contributed to the conference, the names and addresses of participants, curriculum projects, teaching films, and the conference exhibition.
