Smith-Purcell Radiation
Smith-Purcell radiation is the name given to the radiation produced when a charged particle beam, usually electrons, passes close to the surface of a metallic grating. The wavelength of the emitted radiation depends on the period of the grating and on the angle of observation. This makes this phenomenon a very useful tuneable source of radiation in the far-infrared (or THz) part of the spectrum, where tuneable sources are scarce. Moreover, a spectral analysis of the radiation can be used to reconstruct the time profile of the very short (picosecond or sub-picosecond) electron bunches that gave rise to this radiation. This is a parameter that is of interest to accelerator designers and users. The book is aimed primarily at experimentalists but starts with a relatively simple theoretical description of the origin of this radiation and then discusses its application either as a beam diagnostic tool or as a tuneable source of THz radiation. There is also a brief overview of other THz sources in order to allow the reader to assess the advantages of Smith-Purcell radiation.
Electrodynamics and Special Theory of Relativity
This textbook offers you a profound understanding of the core concepts in electrodynamics and the special theory of relativity. Emphasis is placed on establishing strong mathematical fundamentals while also equipping you with problem-solving skills crucial for mastering these disciplines. It covers electromagnetic theory, encompassing Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic wave theory as well as special theory of relativity, including space-time principles and the Lorentz transformation.
Wide-Area Damping of Power Systems Oscillations using Model Predictive
Electrical hazard and post disaster
Existing electricity market across the globe has been extremely exaggerated by electrical hazards which are highly impacted at residential level, commercial level, public building, electrical utility, as well as personal human health. To avoid hazard critical awareness are required in everyday life as well as post disaster reconstruction jobs. This book is highlighted the severe disasters associated with electrical hazard along with environmental and health impact. Generalized analysis all over the world has been made on different kinds of fatal and nonfatal electrical injuries that highly impact human life as well as animal life. This book highlights basically the various safety precautions to the daily user as well as worker for repair and maintenance as post-operative electrical hazard circumstances in different locations. This extensive literature review deals with the risk analysis related to the electricity sector, systematic arrangement for controlling electrical hazard, electrical safety precautions at various voltage levels, adverse effect of electrical hazards in human life.
Understanding AC Machines
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to Alternating Current (AC) machines, covering key principles, design concepts, and operational characteristics. It explores the construction, working, and applications of synchronous and induction machines, emphasizing real-world industrial applications. With clear explanations, practical examples, and problem-solving techniques, this text is ideal for students, professionals, and anyone seeking a solid foundation in AC machine theory and operation.
Electrostatics and Magnetostatics
This textbook offers you a profound understanding of the core concepts in electrostatics and magnetostatics. Emphasis is placed on establishing strong mathematical fundamentals while also equipping you with problem-solving skills crucial for mastering these disciplines. It covers basic equations of electrostatics and solution of the Poisson equation as well as Magnetostatics.
The geometric optics basis
At the request of our students "3rd year License in Optical Instrumentation" of the Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics - University Ferhat Abbes S矇tif 1 Algeria, I have honor to present this modest work with a concern for rigor and clarity. Work inspired by several well-known references. This course, which I taught for five years, covers some optical elements (mirror, diopter and lens) in a fairly educational way and very rich in information, especially the first chapter, it was well studied on all levels. In the last chapters, we discuss in detail the optical aberrations and the human eye and its components. In the end, we present the various vision defects (Ametropia) and their corrections. Overall, this manuscript provides students with basic but useful information, namely the basic elements of geometric optics and allows them to acquire other knowledge in the context of more in-depth studies. I hope that this manuscript will provide valuable help not only to preparatory or university students but also to our teaching colleagues.
Electrical Vehicles Implementation
The number of charging sites is another important factor in how many EVs people buy. To keep up with increasing amount of EVs on the road, both the government and private businesses are putting money into building an ecosystem of charging sites. Building this infrastructure is very important for the commercialization of electric vehicles, as it provides drivers with peace of mind and eliminates range anxiety.More and more people are buying electric vehicles (EVs) these days because they are better for the earth than regular cars that run on gasoline. The battery pack stores energy that powers the electric motor of the car. EVs need to know about the different ways their batteries can be charged so they can run properly.The different types of battery charges for EVs offer a range of options to meet the varying needs of EV owners. While AC charging is the most widely available and convenient option, DC charging, inductive charging, solar charging, and regenerative braking all offer unique benefits that can enhance the overall EV driving experience.
Mitigation of High-Frequency Components using ANN
In this study, an ANN was used to predict the high-frequency components of the system and to develop a control strategy to mitigate their effects. The results of the study showed that the ANN was able to accurately predict the high-frequency components of the system and that the control strategy was able to effectively mitigate their effects. This study demonstrates the potential of ANNs for mitigating the high-frequency components in a modern distribution system. This work presents a novel approach to mitigating high-frequency components in a modern distribution system using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The proposed method utilizes the capability of an ANN to learn the complex relationship between system parameters and high-frequency voltage harmonics. The trained ANN model is then used to predict the high-frequency components and generate control signals to mitigate them.
Monitoring and Controlling of Substation Using Zigbee Technology
This book proposes an innovative design to develop a system to monitor and control various electrical loads from the substation. The design generally consists of two units, one in the substation unit called transmitter unit, and another one is the Main station called as controlling or receiving unit. The transmitter unit is where the power is monitored continuously by Arduino microcontroller. Zigbee is used for transmitting the signals that are obtained. The controlling unit or receiver unit in the main station receives the transmitted signals by means of the zigbee receiver and displays in the laptop and reacts in accordance to the received signal. The ultimate objective is to monitor the electrical parameters continuously and hence to guard the burning of the equipments in the station due to the constraints such as overload, over temperature and input high voltages. If any of these values increases beyond the limit then the entire unit is shut down by the designed controlling unit.
Polymer Composites
Many detailed studies were carried out on polymer micro/ nanocomposites that are used in high-voltage applications. The study was based on a lot of previously published research work on the field. Particular focus is on the structure-property relationship of composite materials used in power engineering, by exploiting fundamental theory as well as numerical/analytical models and the influence of material design on electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. In addition to describing the scientific development of micro/nano-composites electrical features desired in power engineering, the study is mainly focused on the electrical properties of insulating materials, particularly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and epoxy resins, unfilled and filled with different types of filler. Polymer micro/ nanocomposites based on XLPE and epoxy resins are usually used as insulating systems for high-voltage applications, such as: cables, generators, motors, cast resin dry-type transformers, etc.
The notion of electric field
This paper offers an overview of didactic reflections on the introduction of the concept of electric field in Physics teaching activities aimed at the secondary level of Basic Education, using a teaching methodology based on a low-cost experiment. We analyze the particular use of the experiment called the electrostatic vector and its use in teaching the idea of lines of force, proposed by Faraday in the 19th century. We analyze how this approach differs from that normally presented in textbooks. We argue that the use of low-cost experiments will not lead to learning, but rather the work of the teacher who provides interaction between the subject and the electrostatic vector. Both the teacher and the experiment play an important role in the lesson.
Research on Electro-Optical Hybrid HPC Based on SPP
The application of SPP has created possibilities for the size of photonics devices compared to the operating wavelength. However, SPP has severe Ohmic attenuation and significant optical insertion loss, resulting in limited optical signal transmission distance. To eliminate the above situation, we used a silicon waveguide with hybrid mode SPP, and provide relevant theoretical and analysis. Hybrid SPP silicon waveguides, and then provide design methods for electro-optic hybrid half adders, full adders, subtractors, and multiplications based on SPP, and provide detailed discussions and verifications in this book. Finally, the design and research of temperature sensors for on-chip networks were also involved. The mode of electro-optic hybrid computing not only utilizes the advantages of high-frequency operation, electromagnetic immunity, and low power consumption in optics, but also takes advantage of the ease of storage in electrical engineering. The technical solutions and experimental results described in this book, which provide theoretical and practical references for the implementation of electro-optic hybrid computing.
Practical Physics
This book, entitled "Practical Physics: Wave Motion and Optics for Undergraduate Students," is designed for B.Sc. students in Indian universities. The main objective of this book is to provide a clear and conceptual understanding of the fundamental principles of wave motion and optics. The experiments included cover various areas of physics related to these topics. Written in accordance with the New Education Policy prescribed by the University Grants Commission, this book aims to present complex ideas in simple language.The experiments outlined will help students gain expertise in analyzing various concepts related to wave motion and optics. We hope this book will serve as a valuable resource, enhancing students' understanding through detailed descriptions of the experiments.
Generation of electrical energy by gravitational effect
With this research we demonstrate that the experiment of the free fall of bodies can be repeated, but with different objectives than those that motivated Galileo Galilei to perform an experiment using the inclined plane. The hypothesis that guided our investigation was: The experiment of the free fall of bodies is susceptible to change its purpose. To confirm this hypothesis, it was necessary to invent a technological prototype that works when a suspended body falls towards the center of the Earth; in the case of the experimental processes that allowed us to confirm our hypothesis, the body to be attracted was the mass of water contained in one or more containers. After having confronted the theories with the results of the experimental processes, the hypothesis was confirmed, as expressed in the main conclusion of the experiment: By using a sash as a means of transmission of gravitational potential energy, with a flow rate of 10, 757 L/min, with a height of 8.56 m, we will be able to obtain 11, 56 volts DC. The results of the present research have made possible the granting of a patent.
My Inventions
2024 Hardcover Reprint of 1919 Edition. Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) was a prophet of the electronic age. His research laid much of the groundwork for modern electrical and communication systems, and his impressive accomplishments include development of the alternating-current electrical system, radio, the Tesla coil transformer, wireless transmission, and fluorescent lighting. Tesla's research was so groundbreaking that many of his contemporaries failed to understand it, and other scientists are unjustly credited for his innovations. The visionary scientist speaks for himself in this volume, originally published in 1919 as a six-part series in Electrical Experimenter magazine. Tesla recounts his boyhood in Croatia, his schooling and work in Europe, his collaboration with Thomas Edison, and his subsequent research. Written with wit and 矇lan, this memoir offers fascinating insights into one of the great minds of modern science. Chapters include: My Early Life; My First Efforts In Inventions; My Later Endeavors: The Discovery of the Rotating Magnetic Field and The Discovery of the Tesla Coil and Transformer; The Magnifying Transmitter; The Art of Telautomatics.
Monitoring of Hybrid Power Generation Parameters on Smart Highways
The wind turbines are designed to produce wind energy from the highway due to rapid move of vehicles. The fast growing source of energies are wind and solar. We are using the wind energy as it is freely available everywhere. Due to the movement of vehicles, the wind energy is enormously produced on the highways which are unused. So, we can make use of this energy to produce power and to overcome some problems of electricity. Now, we can place the windmill or wind turbines at the mid of the highway, because it can generate the energy when the vehicles move on the both sides. The generated power is used for nearby streetlights. The energy which is produced by wind turbines due to rapid movement of vehicles on highway is basically controlled from the base station through IOT. The amount of energy that is generated by wind turbines are used for nearby street lights on highway and nearby villages. The major problem with wind energy if fluctuation of wind. Energy will not be constant every time. So, if we use wind turbines on the highway, there will be constant wind due to rapid moving of vehicles.
Fault Diagnosis of PMSMs and Radar Servo Systems based on Digital Twin
Permanent magnet synchronous motor is widely used in industry because of its small size, low cost, high efficiency and excellent performance. Permanent magnet synchronous motor is gradually becoming an important part of numerical control system. To ensure the stable operation of permanent magnet synchronous motor is a necessary condition to ensure the stable operation of numerical control equipment. In actual production, due to the complex working environment and long working time of permanent magnet synchronous motor, stator windings of permanent magnet synchronous motor are prone to inter-turn short circuit fault. If we do not take effective measures in time, a small failure will become a major failure, resulting in the breakdown of the whole system. If the motor faults are diagnosed according to the historical operation data of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the life prediction of the motor winding can ensure the stable and reliable operation of the motor equipment, give full play to the performance of the motor, to reduce economic losses and avoid catastrophic accidents.
Rural Electrification Design
Electrical energy is the basic necessity for the economic development of a country due to its importance to human life and occupies the top position in the energy hierarchy. It finds innumerable uses in the home, industry, agriculture, and transport. This study is geared towards the analysis of a Grid-Based Rural Electrification Scheme for the Ekpe-Aggah Community in Rivers State, Nigeria. The method used in achieving this, relies on optimization principles based on iteration & analysis. The essential material used in the design of the distribution network is Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) technology which was used for the simulation. The results obtained from the analysis showcase a wide-ranging single-line diagram for easy implementation; other results obtained include, short circuit analysis carried out on Bus1, Bus2, Bus3, and Bus4 showing the fault levels of these buses to be 8.767MVA, 3.165MVA, 2.626MVA & 2.331MVA respectively and fault protection coordination was observed that at the occurrence of fault on any of the feeders, the affected feeder is isolated from the rest of the system through the fuse protecting that feeder.
Power Flow and Security Analysis in Electrical Transmission System
The power system engineers dire need of extraordinary methods to optimally analyze, monitor and control various elements of such an advanced complicated system that include economic load dispatch, unit commitment, automatic generation control, state estimation and Optimal Power Flow (OPF). It is a static nonlinear problem that optimizes a specific objective function while satisfying a set of physical and operational constraints imposed by equipment restrictions and security requirements. Power system optimization problems are complex and have non-linear characteristics. There are two ways namely conventional and evolutionary methods. The conventional methods require function to be convex and variables as continuous. However, the power system optimization problems do not have these characteristics. Evolutionary optimization methods have become an alternative to conventional optimization techniques for solving real-world problems having non-convexity, non-differentiability and discontinuity. Though the evolutionary methods find suitable solutions to power system problems, premature convergence and stagnation do not use them directly.
Physics in Easy
I developed this textbook for private tuition (A-level and university) and revised it during lectures at various universities of applied sciences. It contains subsequently edited and colored photos of our blackboard pictures and explains the questions that the pupils and students had during the lessons. The book is available in either German or English and contains vocabulary lists for physical terms. With simple language, little text and lots of pictures, the book tries to present content easily. In order to achieve this, I have made it a habit to note down comprehension problems in class and revise the corresponding text passages. Focus of content: Electric circuits, resistors and capacitors, electric fields, magnetic fields, particles in fields, coils, induction, electric motors, alternating current, three-phase current, oscillations, dipole. Level: High school and university entrance. The solutions to the exercises (blackboard photos from the lessons) are provided on my website badelt.de.
Thermoelectric Devices
Thermoelectric devices exploit the Seebeck and Peltier effects to directly convert temperature differences into electrical energy and vice versa, offering a unique solution for power generation and solid-state cooling. These devices are based on materials with a high thermoelectric efficiency, which depends on optimizing the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient. The absence of moving parts makes thermoelectric devices reliable and environmentally friendly, suitable for applications ranging from waste heat recovery in industrial settings to precision cooling in electronics and medical devices. Despite their potential, challenges such as material cost and efficiency need to be addressed to fully realize their promise in sustainable energy technologies.
Management’s contribution to the creation of a micro-hydropower plant
Here we are at the end of our study entitled: Analysis of the profitability of electrical energy produced by a micro-hydropower plant, the case of KINZONO, given that energy contributes to the economic-social development of a nation, and accompanies human life in its blossoming, we wanted to equip the locality of KINZONO, which is in the commune of MALUKU, with a modern micro-hydropower plant enabling it to leave this rural stage for that of the city. Based on the study of objectively verifiable indicators, we confirm that it is profitable, given its necessity. But more in-depth work on the expectations, objectives and development of the community is essential in order to generalize this micro-power plant model. The decision to set up a rural electrification structure must take into account not only the project's profitability, but also its social impact and its effects on the environment. Rural electrification is an important factor in the development of rural and urban-rural areas, but it is only one ingredient in this process.
Ventilation of Normobaric and Hyperbaric Objects
Considering the increased need to test and develop ventilation both for normobaric and hyperbaric use in underwater technology industries (diving equipment, submarines and other underwater facilities), mining, and other relevant industries, this book presents a complete study in the field of normobaric and hyperbaric ventilation. It focuses on development and verification of the research-based mathematical modeling approach for deterministic modeling of ventilation processes, both for objects with semi-closed and closed circulation of breathing gas. It also proposes validated analytical models of ventilation processes, and a new type of carbon dioxide emission simulator that was also developed.Features Describes ventilation processes by replacing semi-empirical models with more accurate analytical models. Includes concepts based on deterministic models (cause-and-effect models). Focuses on analytical mathematical model of the ventilation process. Covers both the objects with semi-closed and closed circulation of breathing gas, for hyperbaric and normobaric conditions. Summarizes relevant research results and their validation in real conditions and implemented into operational practice. This book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in hyperbaric facility processing, building ventilation processing, life support system design, shipbuilding, marine engineering, and diving submarine safety.
Research on Contact Materials for Electromagnetic Relay
Silver tin oxide contact material is widely used in the contacts of electromagnetic relays. Its electrical contact characteristics and reliability theory under various load conditions have always been a research direction that relay manufacturing companies are very concerned about. In order to clarify the failure mechanism of silver tin oxide contact materials under different loads, this paper based on the designed electrical performance simulation experimental system of contact materials, observed the dynamic waveform characteristics of contact closing and breaking, and combined with the durability experiment to point surface topography scanning observation chart, starting from the perspective of arc and material transfer, based on the PSD model, the failure mechanism of the contact material under different loads was studied, and the degradation rules and characteristics of sensitive parameters during the experiment under different load conditions were verified.
Sensorless Control System for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
From the perspective of sensorless control for PMSM, this book analyzes and integrates the two control methods of high-speed and zero-low-speed ranges, to achieve full-speed control. A composite control based on weighted switching method is established, which effectively combines the good dynamic tracking performance of the model reference adaptive control method in the high-speed range and the high-precision control of the pulse injection method in the zero-low-speed range. The intermediate speed range where the two methods transition is controlled by the weighted method. Multiple control strategies are integrated and weighted according to the characteristics of PMSM operation at different speed ranges, ultimately overcoming the limitation of a single sensorless control method not being suitable for the full speed range. The PI structure of the speed adaptive law in the traditional model reference adaptive system will lead to the problems of reduced speed identification accuracy and poor robustness, the super-twisting sliding mode algorithm in the high-order sliding mode algorithm is proposed to improve the PI structure of the speed adaptive law in the traditional model.
Preparing Outer Islands for Sustainable Energy Development
This report shows how Maldives can switch to hybrid renewable mini-grid energy systems to reduce its heavy dependency on imported fossil fuel, slice emissions, and support sustainable and inclusive growth.It shows how the ADB-backed Preparing Outer Islands for Sustainable Energy Development (POISED) project worked with utilities to install hybrid energy generation alongside advanced battery storage and management systems for Maldives' outer islands. Setting out the social, economic, and environmental benefits of a shift to hybrid systems, the report explains how other climate vulnerable countries could follow suit and use similar low-carbon technologies to improve their energy security.
Electronics
Electronics is the science that studies how to control electrical energy by electrical means in which electrons play a fundamental role. It is divided into analogue and digital because its working coordinates choose to obey these two ways of presenting the electrical signals to be processed. In a broader definition, we can say that electronics is the branch of science that studies the use of circuits made up of electrical and electronic components, with the main aim of representing, storing, transmitting or processing information, as well as controlling processes and serving mechanisms. From this perspective, it can also be said that the internal circuits of computers (which store and process information), telecommunications systems (which transmit information), various types of sensors and transducers (which represent physical quantities - information - in the form of electrical signals) are all within the area of interest of electronics.
