Polar Dielectrics and Their Applications
Polar Dielectrics and Their Applications provides a comprehensive exploration of the fascinating world of polar materials, particularly those exhibiting spontaneous polarization. The book delves into the unique properties and behaviors of polar dielectrics, such as piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and pyroelectricity, while highlighting their relevance in both theoretical studies and practical applications. A central theme is the role of symmetry and inherent structural asymmetries within polar materials that give rise to their distinctive characteristics. With careful attention to the history and evolution of the field, the book offers insights into the scientific progress made since Valasek's discovery of ferroelectricity in 1921 and discusses the surge in research and technological advancements in recent decades. Organized into two main parts, the text begins with an in-depth examination of the fundamental properties and behaviors of polar materials, including their electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical attributes. Key concepts like ferroelectric hysteresis, domain dynamics, and the role of lattice vibrations in cooperative transitions are thoroughly explored. The second part shifts focus to real-world applications, detailing the use of polar materials in memory devices, displays, transducers, and capacitors, as well as emerging technologies like optical holography and liquid crystals. Designed for a diverse audience of scientists, engineers, and students, the book balances foundational principles with cutting-edge developments, making it an essential resource for understanding and leveraging the remarkable capabilities of polar dielectrics. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1979.
Polar Dielectrics and Their Applications
Polar Dielectrics and Their Applications provides a comprehensive exploration of the fascinating world of polar materials, particularly those exhibiting spontaneous polarization. The book delves into the unique properties and behaviors of polar dielectrics, such as piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and pyroelectricity, while highlighting their relevance in both theoretical studies and practical applications. A central theme is the role of symmetry and inherent structural asymmetries within polar materials that give rise to their distinctive characteristics. With careful attention to the history and evolution of the field, the book offers insights into the scientific progress made since Valasek's discovery of ferroelectricity in 1921 and discusses the surge in research and technological advancements in recent decades. Organized into two main parts, the text begins with an in-depth examination of the fundamental properties and behaviors of polar materials, including their electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical attributes. Key concepts like ferroelectric hysteresis, domain dynamics, and the role of lattice vibrations in cooperative transitions are thoroughly explored. The second part shifts focus to real-world applications, detailing the use of polar materials in memory devices, displays, transducers, and capacitors, as well as emerging technologies like optical holography and liquid crystals. Designed for a diverse audience of scientists, engineers, and students, the book balances foundational principles with cutting-edge developments, making it an essential resource for understanding and leveraging the remarkable capabilities of polar dielectrics. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1979.
Solutions Manual for IP2e
Steps to solving calculation problems in Introductory Physics, 2nd edition. The Solutions Manual is a useful supplement to students, homeschooling environments, or anyone who would like help with the working out of calculation problems in Introductory Physics. Appropriate for grade-level 9th to 11th grade students, Introductory Physics incorporates math, history, and epistemology alongside the beautiful graphics and lucid text in a modestly-sized volume that students will appreciate. This book was designed for grade-level freshmen, but it is also suitable for physics in the sophomore or junior year. In fact, optional chapters are added for the benefit of schools where physics occurs in 10th or 11th grade and students can move more quickly through the material. Mathematical problems are rigorous and challenging, but only assume that students are taking Algebra I concurrently. The text is not suitable for an upper-level vector/trig physics course; for a vector-based text, see our book Physics: Modeling Nature. A common question we hear goes something like, "Is this text a real physics course?" Understandably, people wonder if a freshman level physics course will "count," will it be a full credit, will students be short-changed. The answer is, Yes, this is a full physics course that counts a full science credit. In fact, if our mastery-learning paradigm is followed, students will know physics better at the end of the course than with any other method.
Introduction to Advanced Electrodynamics
This book summarizes the basics of electricity and magnetism prior to covariant formulation of Maxwell's equations. The book works out the basics of special relativity and then applies the covariant formalism to understand radiation, both in vacuum and in material medium. The emphasis is on cleaner mathematical formalism based on experimental facts. The book contains many problems/exercises which will help the students to understand the basics of the subject. The difference between the present book with existing books of this level lies in the presentation of the topics and the subjects chosen. Instead of presenting a lot of material related to electromagnetism, it presents some very important but selected problems of advanced electromagnetism to students who are learning it for the first time. This book is aimed at graduate/advanced graduate students who have done at least one basic level course in electricity and magnetism.​
Electromagnetic Compatibility
This book highlights principles and applications of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). After introducing the basic concepts, research progress, standardizations and limitations of EMC, the book puts emphasis on presenting the generation mechanisms and suppression principles of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, radiated EMI noise, and electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) problems such as electrostatic discharge (ESD), electric fast transient (EFT) and surge. By showing EMC case studies and solved examples, the book provides effective solutions to practical engineering problems. Students and researchers will be able to use the book as practical reference for EMC-related measurements and problem- solution.
New Advances of Cavitation Instabilities
Cavitation refers to the formation of vapor cavities in a liquid when the local pressure becomes lower than the saturation pressure. In many hydraulic applications, cavitation is considered as a non-desirable phenomenon, as far as it may cause performance degradation, vibration problems, enhance broad-band noise-emission, and eventually trigger erosion. In this Special Issue, recent findings about cavitation instabilities are reported. More precisely, the dynamics of cavitation sheets are explored at very low Reynolds numbers in laminar flows, and in microscale applications. Both experimental and numerical approach are used. For the latter, original methods are assessed, such as smooth particles hydrodynamics or detached eddy simulations coupled to a compressible approach.
Advances in Electrostatics
The science of electrostatics has been elucidated in this book. It is a compilation of advanced researches on electrostatic principles. It discusses electrostatic phenomena as a significant aspect. The book includes several topics, such as biotechnology and engineering, measurement, actuation of MEMs etc. Readers who hold interest in this topic will gain from the book in their researches.
The Great Pyramid and Connections with the Bible
The book is about the work of Dr. Adam Rutherford and his son James Rutherford engineer, and master. Their main result is that the Great Pyramid is in fact "Bible in stone" in Mathematics, and the Egypt measurement is 1,001 British Inch. Therefore understandably British specialist thought that the message of the Great Pyramid is specially to UK and USA as these nations use Inch. USA (Manaseh tribe) and UK (Efraim tribe). These measurements were prior used also in Iceland, and other countries. Because of this Dr. Adam Rutherford got special support from British authorities, and also got support from 20 - 30 best specialist, mostly from UK. The only error in their massive books are End Time calculation織s are wrong, and this is explained thoroughly in this book. The result is agreed by the best specialist. And now going to Ph.D. defense. Isaiah 19.19-20 is clearly showing that the Great Pyramid is "Bible in Stone" or in Mathematics. This is of course very interesting subject and showing behind the today curtains of the World.
Spark
A fresh look at electricity and its powerful role in life on Earth When we think of electricity, we likely imagine the energy humming inside our home appliances or lighting up our electronic devices--or perhaps we envision the lightning-streaked clouds of a stormy sky. But electricity is more than an external source of power, heat, or illumination. Life at its essence is nothing if not electrical. The story of how we came to understand electricity's essential role in all life is rooted in our observations of its influences on the body--influences governed by the body's central nervous system. Spark explains the science of electricity from this fresh, biological perspective. Through vivid tales of scientists and individuals--from Benjamin Franklin to Elon Musk--Timothy Jorgensen shows how our views of electricity and the nervous system evolved in tandem, and how progress in one area enabled advancements in the other. He explains how these developments have allowed us to understand--and replicate--the ways electricity enables the body's essential functions of sight, hearing, touch, and movement itself. Throughout, Jorgensen examines our fascination with electricity and how it can help or harm us. He explores a broad range of topics and events, including the Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of the electron and neuron, the history of experimentation involving electricity's effects on the body, and recent breakthroughs in the use of electricity to treat disease. Filled with gripping adventures in scientific exploration, Spark offers an indispensable look at electricity, how it works, and how it animates our lives from within and without.
Electrochemical Devices for Energy Storage Applications
This book explores a wide range of energy storage devices, such as a lithium ion battery, sodium ion battery, magnesium ion battery and supercapacitors. Providing a comprehensive review of the current field, it also discusses the history of these technologies and introduces next-generation rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. This book will serve as a valuable reference for researchers working with energy storage technologies across the fields of physics, chemistry, and engineering.Features: Edited by established authorities in the field, with chapter contributions from subject area specialists Provides a comprehensive review of field Up to date with the latest developments and research
Henri Poincar矇 Electrons to Special Relativity
Produced by an award-winning translator of Henri Poincar矇, this book contains translations of several seminal articles by Poincar矇 and discusses the experimental and theoretical investigations of electrons that form their context. In the 1950s, a dispute ignited about the origin of the theory of special relativity and thrust considerable notoriety on a paper written by Henri Poincar矇 in 1905. Accordingly, Part I presents the relevant translations of Poincar矇's work showing that radiation carries momentum and the covariance of the equations of electrodynamics, the continuity equation for charge, and the spacetime interval. Part II then discusses investigations by Thomson, Becquerel, and Kaufmann of electrons in diverse contexts; contributions of Abraham, Lorentz and Poincar矇 to a theory of electrons that includes Lorentz transformations and explains the dependence of mass on velocity; and finally, Poincar矇's exploration of the relativity principle, electron stability, and gravitation while rejecting absolute motion (ether) and an electromagnetic origin of mass. Part III contains the 1904 article by H. A. Lorentz presenting his transformations.This book will be a fascinating read to graduate-level students, physicists, and science historians who are interested in the development of electrodynamics and the classical, relativistic theory of electrons at the beginning of the 20th century.
Electronic Instrumentation for AC Susceptibility Measurement
In recent days the state of art technology is the development of an instrumentation, for industrials, agricultural and R & D etc sectors. Recently, it is found that, the characterization of materials plays vital role in the field of material science. For materials research the different properties of the materials are explored, to investigate the structural details of materials under investigation. The properties to be determined depend upon the material and their application potential. Investigations of various properties, particularly of magnetic materials are of great interest. It is found that, the magnetic material reflects their characteristics through magnetic parameters such as Saturation Magnetization (Ms), Magnetic Moment (ηβ), Initial Permeability (μ), AC susceptibility (χ), Corecivity (Hc), and Retaintivity (Mr) etc. Therefore, in order to investigate the magnetic properties one should use sophisticated instrumentation. Microcontroller based embedded system is found to be most reliable. Therefore, Smart embedded system design issues for measurement of AC Susceptibility of Magnetic Material using high performance Microcontroller presented in this book.
Time Based Development Planning of Distribution Networks
In the book, a time-based model for distribution network development planning is presented, considering the possibility of using distributed energy generation technologies and the existence of capacitor banks. The proposed model specifies the appropriate location, capacity, and time for the use of distributed generation technologies and capacitor banks, as well as the schedule for increasing the capacity of network lines. To solve the problem, a genetically enhanced algorithm is used to optimize the network development plan, including the time, place, and capacity of DG and capacitor banks in the distribution network, as well as to optimize investment costs and operating costs. Also, in order to validate and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed solution to solve the distribution network development planning problem on a 17-bus radial distribution network, it was implemented in the MATLAB programming environment in a computer system.
Electric Transmission of Water Power
Unlock the secrets of sustainable energy with ""Electric Transmission of Water Power"" by D. Adams, Alton-a groundbreaking work that has been out of print for decades and is now lovingly republished by Alpha Editions. This remarkable book is not just a reprint; it's a collector's item and a cultural treasure, meticulously restored for today's and future generations. Dive into the world of hydroelectric power and discover the innovative techniques that revolutionized water power transmission. D. Adams takes you on an inspiring journey through the evolution of electric power generation, showcasing the potential of renewable energy solutions that harness the power of water. With a focus on energy efficiency in hydropower and the latest advancements in water energy technology, this book is a must-read for anyone passionate about green energy innovations. Whether you're a casual reader intrigued by the promise of sustainable energy resources or a classic literature collector seeking to enrich your library, this edition offers a unique blend of historical significance and modern relevance. D. Adams' insights into hydro power plants and electricity from water resonate with today's urgent need for eco-friendly power generation techniques. Join the movement towards a greener future and explore the timeless wisdom of D. Adams as he illuminates the path to harnessing nature's most powerful resource. ""Electric Transmission of Water Power"" is more than just a book; it's a call to action for those who believe in the potential of renewable energy. Don't miss your chance to own this essential piece of literature that bridges the past and the future of energy. Embrace the power of water and transform your understanding of energy with this extraordinary work!
The Electronic Mind Reader
Unlock the secrets of the mind with ""The Electronic Mind Reader: A Rick Brant Science-Adventure Story,"" a thrilling journey that blends the excitement of juvenile science fiction with the wonders of technology. Originally penned by L. Goodwin and Harold, this captivating tale has been out of print for decades, but thanks to Alpha Editions, it has been meticulously restored for today's and future generations. Join Rick Brant and his friends as they embark on a daring adventure filled with innovative storytelling for youth. When they stumble upon a groundbreaking invention-the electronic mind reader-they find themselves at the center of a whirlwind of intrigue and excitement. This story not only entertains but also inspires young minds to explore the realms of electronics and technology, making it a perfect addition to any young reader's library. ""The Electronic Mind Reader"" stands as a unique literary treasure, showcasing the early integration of technology in literature and its impact on young adult electronics. This edition is not just a reprint; it's a collector's item that celebrates the rich legacy of classic juvenile fiction. With its engaging narrative and educational themes, this book serves as an excellent resource for parents seeking STEM adventure stories that ignite curiosity and foster a love for learning. Whether you're a casual reader looking for an exhilarating escape or a classic literature collector eager to add a significant piece to your collection, this book promises to deliver. Dive into a world where science meets adventure, and let the journey of Rick Brant inspire the next generation of innovators. Don't miss your chance to own this cultural treasure-grab your copy of ""The Electronic Mind Reader"" today and experience the magic of science-themed fiction like never before!
Electricity for the farm; Light, heat and power by inexpensive methods from the water wheel or farm engine
Unlock the power of the past with ""Electricity for the Farm: Light, Heat, and Power by Inexpensive Methods from the Water Wheel or Farm Engine"" by Frederick Irving Anderson. This remarkable guide, long out of print, is now revived by Alpha Editions, offering a treasure trove of knowledge for both modern farmers and classic literature enthusiasts alike. Dive into a world where innovation meets tradition, as Anderson expertly navigates the realm of electricity for agriculture. This book is not just a manual; it's a beacon of hope for those seeking renewable energy for farms. Discover how to harness water wheel power and farm engine electricity to create inexpensive energy solutions that transform your agricultural practices. With practical insights into DIY farm power systems, this guide empowers you to embrace sustainable farming practices that enhance energy efficiency in agriculture. What sets this edition apart is its unique literary and historical significance. Originally penned in a time when electricity was a burgeoning frontier, Anderson's work remains relevant today, offering timeless wisdom on farm lighting and heating. This restored edition is more than just a reprint; it's a collector's item, a cultural treasure that bridges generations and inspires future innovations in alternative energy for rural areas. Whether you're a casual reader curious about agricultural electricity or a dedicated collector of classic literature, ""Electricity for the Farm"" invites you to explore the intersection of tradition and modernity. Join the movement towards sustainable farming and energy independence, and let this book guide you on your journey to harnessing the power of the elements. Rediscover the art of electricity generation for farmers and elevate your agricultural endeavors with this essential guide. Don't miss your chance to own a piece of history-grab your copy today and illuminate your path to a brighter, more sustainable future!
Electric Gas Lighting
Illuminate your world with the timeless wisdom of ""Electric Gas Lighting: How to Install Electric Gas Ignition Apparatus"" by S. Norrie, H. This remarkable guide, long out of print, has been meticulously restored by Alpha Editions for today's and future generations, making it not just a reprint, but a collector's item and a cultural treasure. Dive into the fascinating realm of electric gas lighting, where traditional gas lighting techniques meet modern innovation. This book serves as your ultimate resource for mastering gas ignition installation and exploring energy-efficient lighting solutions that can transform any home. Whether you're a DIY enthusiast or a home improvement aficionado, Norrie's insights into electric ignition apparatus will empower you to create stunning, functional lighting that enhances your living space. With its rich historical significance, this guide captures the essence of a bygone era while providing practical advice that remains relevant today. Discover the art of modern gas lighting and learn how to implement electric gas systems that not only elevate your home's aesthetic but also promote sustainability. S. Norrie's gas book is more than just a manual; it's a celebration of ingenuity and craftsmanship that resonates with both casual readers and classic literature collectors alike. Each page is infused with the spirit of innovation, inviting you to explore the possibilities of home lighting solutions that are both beautiful and efficient. Don't miss your chance to own this essential gas lighting guide, a beacon of knowledge that has stood the test of time. Rediscover the magic of electric gas lighting and let your creativity shine with this invaluable resource from Alpha Editions. Embrace the future of lighting while honoring the past-your journey into the world of electric gas lighting begins here!
Electricity in Locomotion; An Account of its Mechanism, its Achievements, and its Prospects
Discover the electrifying journey of ""Electricity in Locomotion,"" a groundbreaking work by Gowens Whyte, Adam, that has been out of print for decades and is now revived by Alpha Editions. This remarkable book delves into the fascinating world of electric locomotion, exploring its mechanisms, achievements, and the promising future of railway technology. From the first page, readers are transported into a realm where innovation meets inspiration. Whyte's insightful narrative captures the essence of electric railroads and their transformative impact on transportation innovation. With a blend of historical context and visionary foresight, this book not only chronicles the advancements in locomotion but also celebrates the spirit of mechanized transport that has shaped our modern world. This edition is more than just a reprint; it is a meticulously restored collector's item, a cultural treasure that pays homage to the electric vehicle history that paved the way for sustainable transportation. Whether you are a casual reader intrigued by the evolution of electric trains or a classic literature collector seeking to enrich your library, ""Electricity in Locomotion"" offers a unique perspective on the future of railways and railway engineering. Join the ranks of those who appreciate the profound impact of electric locomotion on society. This book is a testament to the ingenuity of human spirit and a must-have for anyone passionate about the advancements in transportation. Don't miss your chance to own a piece of history that has been lovingly brought back to life for today's and future generations. Embrace the journey of discovery and innovation with ""Electricity in Locomotion""-where the past meets the future of rail travel.
Electricity for the 4-H Scientist; Idaho Agricultural Extension Service Bulletin 396, June, 1962
Unlock the wonders of electricity with ""Electricity for the 4-H Scientist,"" a captivating guide that has inspired generations of young minds! Originally penned by Eric B. Wilson and published by the Idaho Agricultural Extension Service in 1962, this remarkable book is a treasure trove of knowledge, now republished by Alpha Editions for today's curious youth and future innovators. Dive into the world of hands-on electricity learning, where science meets excitement! This educational electricity guide is designed specifically for kids, making complex concepts accessible and engaging. With a rich array of electricity experiments for children, it empowers young scientists to explore the principles of electricity through fun and interactive 4-H science projects. Whether you're a parent seeking to ignite your child's passion for STEM education or a teacher looking for valuable agricultural extension resources, this book is an essential addition to your collection. What sets this edition apart? After decades of being out of print, ""Electricity for the 4-H Scientist"" has been meticulously restored, ensuring that its timeless wisdom is preserved for today's and future generations. This is not just a reprint; it's a collector's item and a cultural treasure that celebrates the spirit of juvenile electricity literature. Join the ranks of those who have been inspired by Eric B. Wilson's work and discover why this book remains a cornerstone of Idaho agricultural education. Perfect for casual readers and classic literature collectors alike, it invites you to experience the joy of learning through electricity. Don't miss your chance to own this unique piece of educational history-grab your copy today and spark a lifelong love of science in the young minds around you!
An Introduction to Quantitative Ecology
Environmental science (ecology, conservation, and resource management) is an increasingly quantitative field. A well-trained ecologist now needs to evaluate evidence generated from complex quantitative methods, and to apply these methods in their own research. Yet the existing books and academic coursework are not adequately serving most of the potential audience - instead they cater to the specialists who wish to focus on either mathematical or statistical aspects, and overwhelmingly appeal to those who already have confidence in their quantitative skills. At the same time, many texts lack an explicit emphasis on the epistemology of quantitative techniques. That is, how do we gain understanding about the real world from models that are so vastly simplified? This accessible textbook introduces quantitative ecology in a manner that aims to confront these limitations and thereby appeal to a far wider audience. It presents material in an informal, approachable, and encouraging manner that welcomes readers with any degree of confidence and prior training. It covers foundational topics in both mathematical and statistical ecology before describing how to implement these concepts to choose, use, and analyse models, providing guidance and worked examples in both spreadsheet format and R. The emphasis throughout is on the skilful interpretation of models to answer questions about the natural world. Introduction to Quantitative Ecology is suitable for advanced undergraduate students and incoming graduate students, seeking to strengthen their understanding of quantitative methods and to apply them successfully to real world ecology, conservation, and resource management scenarios.
Insights from Data with R
Experiments, surveys, measurements, and observations all generate data. These data can provide useful insights for solving problems, guiding decisions, and formulating strategy. Progressing from relatively unprocessed data to insight, and doing so efficiently, reliably, and confidently, does not come easily, and yet gaining insights from data is a fundamental skill for science as well as many other fields and often overlooked in most textbooks of statistics and data analysis. This accessible and engaging book provides readers with the knowledge, experience, and confidence to work with data and unlock essential information (insights) from data summaries and visualisations. Based on a proven and successful undergraduate course structure, it charts the journey from initial question, through data preparation, import, cleaning, tidying, checking, double-checking, manipulation, and final visualization. These basic skills are sufficient to gain useful insights from data without the need for any statistics; there is enough to learn about even before delving into that world! The book focuses on gaining insights from data via visualisations and summaries. The journey from raw data to insights is clearly illustrated by means of a comprehensive Workflow Demonstration in the book featuring data collected in a real-life study and applicable to many types of question, study, and data. Along the way, readers discover how to efficiently and intuitively use R, RStudio, and tidyverse software, learning from the detailed descriptions of each step in the instructional journey to progress from the raw data to creating elegant and informative visualisations that reveal answers to the initial questions posed. There are an additional three demonstrations online! Insights from Data with R is suitable for undergraduate students and their instructors in the life and environmental sciences seeking to harness the power of R, RStudio, and tidyverse software to master the valuable and prerequisite skills of working with and gaining insights from data.
Core Electrodynamics
Presents the journey through electrodynamics which is kept as brief as possible, so that the elegance of the theory can be appreciated in a holistic wayOffers fast track to understand electrodynamics and special relativityContains worked examples and solutions
Infinite-Space Dyadic Green Functions in Electromagnetism
In any linear system the input and the output are connected by means of a linear operator. When the input can be notionally represented by a function that is null valued everywhere except at a specific location in spacetime, the corresponding output is called the Green function in field theories. Dyadic Green functions are commonplace in electromagnetics, because both the input and the output are vector functions of space and time. This book provides a survey of the state-of-the-art knowledge of infinite-space dyadic Green functions.
Introduction to the Kinetics of Glow Discharges
Electric glow discharges (glows) can be found almost everywhere, from atmospheric electricity to modern plasma technologies, and have long been the object of research. The main purpose of this book is to provide simple illustrations of the basic physical mechanisms and principles that determine the properties of electric glow discharges. It should enable readers to successfully participate in scientific and technical progress.
Theory of Electromagnetic Pulses
This book presents the theory of electromagnetic pulses in a simple and physical way. All pulses discussed are exact solutions of the Maxwell equations, and have finite energy, momentum and angular momentum. The subject matter is restricted to free-space classical electrodynamics, but contact is made with quantum theory in proofs that causal pulses are equivalent to superpositions of photons.
Light Science
What is the nature of light? How does an artist's selection and use of colorants determine how we experience a work of art? What can visual illusions tell us about the nature of perception? In what ways do the laws of optics manifest themselves in the visual arts? In this fully revised edition of the classic textbook, Rossing and Chiaverina present the science of light - that is, the science behind what and how we see. Their approach emphasizes phenomena rather than mathematical theories, and the joy of discovery rather than the drudgery of derivations - the opposite of "heavy science". The text explores such topics as: the effects of mirrors, lenses, and prisms on light and color; the physiology of the eye and the nature of color vision; the use and effect of color in the visual arts; the different kinds of sources of light; optical data storage technology; photography and holography; color in printing and painting; the applications of optics in astronomy, medicine, and communications; and computer imaging and processing. It includes numerous problems, questions for discussion, and suggestions for simple experiments to support interactive learning. This updated edition contains a wealth of new full-color artwork, and information on the latest developments in light source and display technologies. Requiring no prior knowledge of physics, it will appeal to students and any reader interested in the relationship between science and the visual arts.
Engineering Statics
Engineering Statics presents the cutting-edge topics in engineering statics, focusing on practical applications knowledge, with numerous real-world examples, practice problems, and case studies throughout. It covers theory concisely and uses plain language and coverage that can be completed in a one-semester course. It also covers the related concepts required to take the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam. Features: Written in plain language, with numerous realistic step-by-step examples. Covers topics required to understand and prepare for the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam. Includes practical case studies, concise theory and numerous solved practice problems. Engineering Statics is suitable for undergraduate students in civil and mechanical engineering courses, as well as those in Engineering Technology and Applied courses. This book includes material suitable for first and second-year undergraduate courses, as well as more senior students. The authors believe that this text will be very helpful for students to succeed in their degree programs and professional careers.
Combined Vibrator-Slot Structures: Theory and Applications
Excitation of Electromagnetic Waves in Volumes with Coordinate Boundaries.- General Issues of the Theory of Thin Impedance Vibrators and Narrow Slots in a Spatial-Frequency Representation.- Solution of Current Equations for Isolated Vibrator and Slot Scatterers.- Combined Radiating Vibrator-Slot Structures in Rectangular Waveguide.
Elektrodynamik Gravitation
Elektrodynamik - Gravitation Vielf瓣ltige Fragestellungen zur Coulomb織schen Kraft und zum Newton織schen Gravitationsgesetz werden in diesem Bucht behandelt. Feldkr瓣fte, Tr瓣gheit und die Gravitation stehen im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen. Es wird gezeigt, dass solche Materieauspr瓣gungen einen gemeinsamen atomaren Ursprung haben und auf Basis der Elektrodynamik, also der Elektronenenergie, eine einheitliche Deutung von Feldkraft und Gravitation m繹glich ist. Ein -Alternatives Gravitationsgesetz- erm繹glicht die Berechnung der Gravitationskonstante aus den Kennwerten des Wasserstoffatoms. Eine andere, eine neue, eine klassische Sicht auf den Gravitationsmechanismus.
Elektrizit瓣tslehre
Die Ausbildung zu f繹rdern und die erworbenen Kenntnisse f羹r den Gebrauch in der Schule und im Alltag griffbereit zu erhalten, ist das Ziel dieses Skripts. Die Zusammenstellung orientiert sich an den Inhalten der Unterrichtseinheit Elektrizit瓣tslehre im Rahmen des Unterrichtsfachs Physik (Sek 1). Es ist aus zahlreichen Unterrichtsvorbereitungen der vergangenen Jahre hervorgegangen und soll die wichtigsten Inhalte zusammenfassen. Die vorliegende Zusammenstellung soll nur den notwendigsten Stoff in einer strukturierten Form erfassen und dadurch das Arbeiten erleichtern. Den Gesamtzusammenhang nicht aus den Augen zu verlieren ist die Absicht. Als n羹tzliche Ged瓣chtnisst羹tze zur Unterrichtseinheit zu dienen ist das Ziel.
A Treatise on the Magnetic Vector Potential
Introduction.- Conceptual emergence.- Mathematical appearance.- Three dimensional solutions.- Applications.- Hydrodynamics analogy.- Superconductivity.- Future directions.
Study of Induction Motor Fault Detection and Diagnosis
In this book, the authors evaluated the performance of the developed ANN based classifiers for detection of four fault conditions, Healthy (H), Interturn short circuit (I), Eccentricity (E). and Both i.e. Interturn and Eccentricity combine (B) of three phase induction motor and examined the results. Instead of current or vibration spectra simple statistical parameters containing fault information is used, which gives the satisfactory results. MLP NN, RBF NN, RBF-MLP Cascade, SOM NN, GFFD NN, and SVM are optimally designed and after completion of the training, the learned network is tested to detect different types of faults. Sensitivity Analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), these two techniques for dimensionality reduction is applied for each network and reduction in complexity is compared. For the comparison two statistical methods CART and D.A. are verified but results are inferior as compared to NN based schemes. Robustness of proposed classifier to the noise is good which is checked by introducing controlled noise, and for training, cross validation and testing experimental real data is used, so this scheme can be suggested for the real world industrial application.
Study of Partial Discharge Measurement in Power Transformers
This work aims to show an overview of the stage where the currently technologies of measurement of PD in power transformers and high-voltage measurement, in Brazil. The starting point is the presentation of the physical principles of formation of DP, followed by the presentation of the state of the art in measurement of PD in oil transformers, with emphasis on the most used techniques, with respective advantages and disadvantages and analysis of some of main types of equipment on the market. Specifically, are analyzed typical measurement circuits of PD proposed by the current standards for PD detection in high voltage equipment. Many techniques are cited in the course of work, comprising since measurement techniques as such location.
Techno Economic Feasibility Analysis Of Solar PV Hybrid System In Jammu
This thesis work describes the techno-economic analysis of solar hybrid energy system for the village of Patyari Kaltan, located in Jammu, India, considering the actual load and other meteorological data. Initially the energy system is built by keeping the load pattern in mind and also the existence of the renewable sources in that particular area. The hybrid system is specifically intended to meet the load demand in varying times by combining various renewable power sources such as wind turbines, solar panels along with battery. The simulation software used in this research is HOMER and simulation result shows that the best combination system for the electricity generation is solar-Battery hybrid system having NPC and price of electricity is Rs 9914020 and Rs 2.33/kWh. In this research the sensitivity analysis is also done to examine the future performance of the system.
Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency
An Illustrated, Unabridged Edition With Appendix (Transmission Of Electricity Without Wires) - Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency: A Lecture Before The Institution Of Electrical Engineers, London, Including A Biographical Sketch Of The Author
The Limits of Europeanisation. Domestic Constraints on Ownership Unbundling of National Electricity Systems
Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1,7, Maastricht University, language: English, abstract: While Bartle stresses that national institutions may protract the introduction of electricity reform, his research is on a more general level and does not explicitly focus on the costs of adaptation resulting from compensating losers of reform and convincing opposing political veto players. By doing so, important nuances of national responses to exogenous reform pressures may be overlooked. This thesis addresses this gap by asking the following research question: What explains the variation in unbundling regime choice between European countries after the Third Electricity Directive? The example of ownership unbundling provides a relevant empirical example to unequivocally comprehend the redistribution of resources resulting from a liberalisation reform initiative. When governments plan to unbundle VIUs, they directly interfere with the interests of several private and public actors. Thus, depending on the exact interest and governance configurations, full unbundling induces varying costs of compensation and (re-)negotiation for governments. I argue that an adaptation-cost-based account of member states' reform capacities allows us to obtain a better understanding of the pace and timing of electricity sector liberalisation in the EU as well as processes of Europeanisation more generally. The research question will be addressed through the lens of the rational-choice variant of B繹rzel & Risse's goodness-of-fit framework which is complemented by the historical institutionalist notion of path dependencies.
Design and Modeling of Millimeter-Wave CMOS Circuits for WirelessTransceivers
Preface. Acknowledgements. PART 1 BACKGROUND 1 A short history. 1.1 Millimeter-waves. 1.2 Birth of the transistor. 2 State-of-the-art. 3 RF CMOS IC design. 3.1 The wireless transceiver. 3.2 Design tools. 3.3 Measurement equipments. PART 2 MILLIMETER-WAVE CMOS PASSIVE DEVICES 4 On-Chip Inductor. 4.1 Physical phenomena in the on-chip inductor. 4.2 Existing inductor models. 4.3 Substrate-coupled inductor model. 4.4 Equations for the scalable model. 4.5 Experimental results. 4.6 Circuit performance. 4.6 Chapter summary. 5 On-Chip Capacitor. 5.1 Analysis of the floating shield. 5.2 Scalable circuit model. 5.3 Experimental results. 5.4 Chapter summary. 6 Transmission Lines. 6.1 Fundamentals. 6.1.1 Electric and magnetic field propagations. 6.1.2 Voltage and current wave propagations. 6.1.3 Phase velocity. 6.2 Slow-wave transmission line (SWTL). 6.2.1 Background on slow-wave research. 6.2.2 Realizing slow-wave transmission lines. 6.2.2.1 The SWTL structure. 6.2.2.2 Measurement of fabricated structures. 6.2.3 Modeling SWTL. 6.2.3.1 Equivalent circuit model. 6.2.3.2 Modeling results. 6.3 Asymmetric coaxial waveguide (ACW). 6.3.1 The ACW structure. 6.3.2 Analysis of the inductive and capacitive quality factors in transmission lines. 6.3.3 Experimental results. 6.4 Chapter summary. 7 On-Chip Balun. 7.1 Balun design. 7.2 Experimental results. 7.3 Derivations for differential-mode and common-mode response ratio. 7.4 Chapter summary. PART 3 MILLIMETER-WAVE CMOS ACTIVE CIRCUITS 8 Up-conversion mixers. 8.1 Pseudo-millimeter wave up-conversion. 8.1.1 Up-conversion mixer design methodology. 8.1.2 Stacked Marchand balun design. 8.1.3 Experimental results. 8.2 Millimeter-wave up-conversion mixer at 50 GHz. 8.2.1 Up-conversion mixer design. 8.2.1.1 Mixer topology. 8.2.1.2 Passive balun structure. 8.2.1.3 Active IF balun. 8.2.2 Experimental results. 8.3 Chapter summary. 9 Down-conversion mixer. 9.1 Mixer and slow-wave transmission lines. 9.2 Chip layout. 9.3 Experimental results. 9.4 Chapter summary. 10 RF amplifier. 10.1 Review of Conventional Design Techniques. 10.1.1 Stability. 10.1.2 Gain. 10.1.3 Noise figure. 10.2 Current-Reuse Cascade Amplifier. 10.2.1 Principles of operation. 10.2.2 Analytical expression for circuit transconductance. 10.2.3 Design of 60GHz CRCA. 10.3 Experimental results. 10.4 Chapter summary. 11 Voltage-controlled oscillator. 11.1 Design of 76 GHz VCO. 11.2 Experimental results. 11.3 Chapter summary. 12 Conclusions. References. Index.
Fundamentals of Electric Drives
The book contains the hundred most frequently asked multiple-choice questions in the competitive examinations with the explanations. This book will help the students to understand the basic concepts of electric drive. The language used is easy to comprehend and useful for students. This book will help the students who are preparing for competitive examinations and boost their knowledge to answer several questions for interview purposes.
Techno-?konomische Machbarkeitsanalyse eines Solar-Pv-Hybridsystems im Stau
Diese Arbeit beschreibt die techno-繹konomische Analyse eines Solar-Hybrid-Energiesystems f羹r das Dorf Patyari Kaltan in Jammu, Indien, unter Ber羹cksichtigung der tats瓣chlichen Belastung und anderer meteorologischer Daten. Zu Beginn wird das Energiesystem unter Ber羹cksichtigung des Lastmusters und der Existenz der erneuerbaren Energiequellen in diesem bestimmten Gebiet aufgebaut. Das Hybridsystem soll insbesondere den Lastbedarf in unterschiedlichen Zeiten decken, indem verschiedene erneuerbare Energiequellen wie Windturbinen, Sonnenkollektoren und Batterien kombiniert werden. Die in dieser Forschung verwendete Simulationssoftware ist HOMER und die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass das beste Kombinationssystem f羹r die Stromerzeugung ein Solar-Batterie-Hybridsystem mit NPC ist und der Strompreis bei Rs 9914020 und Rs 2,33/kWh liegt. In dieser Forschung wird auch die Sensitivit瓣tsanalyse durchgef羹hrt, um die zuk羹nftige Leistung des Systems zu untersuchen.
Analyse de faisabilit矇 technico-矇conomique d’un syst癡me hybride solaire en pv ? jamm
Ce travail d矇crit l'analyse technico-矇conomique du syst癡me d'矇nergie solaire hybride pour le village de Patyari Kaltan, situ矇 dans le Jammu, en Inde, en consid矇rant la charge r矇elle et d'autres donn矇es m矇t矇orologiques. Au d矇part, le syst癡me 矇nerg矇tique est construit en gardant ? l'esprit le mod癡le de charge et l'existence de sources renouvelables dans cette r矇gion particuli癡re. Le syst癡me hybride est sp矇cifiquement destin矇 ? r矇pondre ? la demande de charge dans des d矇lais variables en combinant diverses sources d'矇nergie renouvelables telles que des 矇oliennes, des panneaux solaires et une batterie. Le logiciel de simulation utilis矇 dans cette recherche est HOMER et les r矇sultats de la simulation montrent que le meilleur syst癡me de combinaison pour la production d'矇lectricit矇 est le syst癡me hybride solaire-batterie avec NPC et le prix de l'矇lectricit矇 est de 9914020 roupies et 2,33 roupies/kWh. Dans cette recherche, l'analyse de sensibilit矇 est 矇galement effectu矇e pour examiner les performances futures du syst癡me.
Nuova indagine cinetica e nuova termodinamica
Il nostro obiettivo di questo libro 癡 di focalizzarci principalmente sul comportamento di un plasma che 癡 confinato tra due infiniti cilindri rotanti circolari coassiali coassiali. I cilindri ruotano con velocit? angolare. Si studiano gli effetti della forza di Lorentz sugli elettroni raccolti tra loro, con ioni positivi e con atomi neutri nel fluido del plasma. Il tipo BGK dell'equazione cinetica di Boltzmann viene applicato utilizzando un sistema di coordinate cilindriche con funzioni di distribuzione del flusso di traino a velocit? maxwelliana. Una soluzione analitica esatta delle equazioni del modello per il flusso instabile 癡 stata data usando il momento e i metodi di perturbazione. Il modo della velocit? media dei plasma 癡 illustrato, che 癡 compatibile con la variazione della sollecitazione di taglio, coefficiente di viscosit?. Inoltre, viene studiata e applicata una nuova previsione termodinamica per l'intero sistema. Infine, sono stati dimostrati accordi qualitativi con precedenti lavori correlati, utilizzando grafici tridimensionali per le variabili di calcolo. L'importanza di questo studio 癡 dovuta alle sue vaste applicazioni in numerosi campi come la fisica, l'ingegneria, le applicazioni commerciali e industriali.
Neue kinetische und neue thermodynamische Untersuchungen
Unser Ziel dieses Buches ist es, uns haupts瓣chlich auf das Verhalten eines Plasmas zu konzentrieren, das zwischen zwei unendlichen koaxialen, kreisf繹rmig rotierenden Zylindern eingeschlossen ist. Die Zylinder drehen sich mit Winkelgeschwindigkeit. Die Auswirkungen der Lorentz-Kraft auf die miteinander, mit positiven Ionen und mit neutralen Atomen in der Plasmafl羹ssigkeit gesammelten Elektronen werden untersucht. Der BGK-Typ der kinetischen Boltzmann-Gleichung wird unter Verwendung eines zylindrischen Koordinatensystems mit Maxwell'schen Geschwindigkeits-Zwei-Stromverteilungsfunktionen angewendet. Eine exakte analytische L繹sung der Modellgleichungen f羹r die instation瓣re Str繹mung wurde unter Verwendung der Moment- und der St繹rungsmethoden gegeben. Die Art und Weise der mittleren Geschwindigkeit von Plasmen wird dargestellt, die mit der Variation der Scherspannung, Viskosit瓣tskoeffizient, kompatibel ist. Au?erdem wird eine neue thermodynamische Vorhersage untersucht und f羹r das gesamte System angewendet.
Nowe badanie kinetyczne i nowe badanie termodynamiczne
Celem tej książki jest przede wszystkim skupienie się na zachowaniu się plazmy, kt籀ra jest zamknięta pomiędzy dwoma nieskończonymi wsp籀losiowymi, okrąglymi cylindrami obrotowymi. Cylindry obracają się z prędkością kątową. Badany jest wplyw sily Lorentza na elektrony zbierane razem ze sobą, z jonami dodatnimi i atomami obojętnymi w plynie plazmowym. Typ BGK r籀wnania kinetycznego Boltzmanna jest stosowany za pomocą cylindrycznego ukladu wsp籀lrzędnych z funkcjami rozkladu strumienia holowania prędkości Maxwelliana. Dokladne rozwiązanie analityczne r籀wnań modelowych dla przeplywu niestabilnego podano za pomocą metody momentowej i perturbacyjnej. Zilustrowano spos籀b wyznaczania średniej prędkości plazmy zgodny ze zmiennością naprężenia ścinającego, wsp籀lczynnika lepkości. Ponadto zbadano i zastosowano nową prognozę termodynamiczną dla calego ukladu. Na koniec, zademonstrowano jakościowe uzgodnienia z wcześniejszymi powiązanymi pracami przy użyciu tr籀jwymiarowej grafiki do obliczeń zmiennych. Znaczenie tej książki wynika z jej szerokiego zastosowania w wielu dziedzinach, takich jak fizyka, inżynieria, zastosowania komercyjne i przemyslowe.
Nouvelle enqu礙te cin矇tique et nouvelle enqu礙te thermodynamique
L'objectif de ce livre est de se concentrer principalement sur le comportement d'un plasma qui est confin矇 entre deux cylindres rotatifs circulaires coaxiaux infinis. Les cylindres tournent ? une vitesse angulaire. Les effets de la force de Lorentz sur les 矇lectrons collect矇s entre eux, avec les ions positifs et avec les atomes neutres dans le fluide du plasma sont 矇tudi矇s. Le type BGK de l'矇quation cin矇tique de Boltzmann est appliqu矇 en utilisant un syst癡me de coordonn矇es cylindriques avec des fonctions de distribution des courants de remorquage ? vitesse maxwellienne. Une solution analytique exacte des 矇quations du mod癡le pour l'矇coulement instable a 矇t矇 donn矇e en utilisant le moment et les m矇thodes de perturbation. La mani癡re dont la vitesse moyenne des plasmas est illustr矇e, qui est compatible avec la variation de la contrainte de cisaillement, le coefficient de viscosit矇. En outre, une nouvelle pr矇diction thermodynamique est 矇tudi矇e et appliqu矇e ? l'ensemble du syst癡me. Enfin, des accords qualitatifs avec des articles pr矇c矇dents ont 矇t矇 d矇montr矇s en utilisant des graphiques en trois dimensions pour les variables de calcul.
Nova Investiga癟瓊o Cin矇tica e Nova Termodin璽mica
Nosso objetivo deste livro 矇 focar principalmente no comportamento de um plasma que est獺 confinado entre dois cilindros rotativos circulares coaxiais infinitos. Os cilindros est瓊o girando com velocidade angular. S瓊o estudados os efeitos da for癟a de Lorentz nos el矇trons coletados entre si, com 穩ons positivos, e com 獺tomos neutros no fluido plasm獺tico. O tipo BGK da equa癟瓊o cin矇tica de Boltzmann 矇 aplicado utilizando um sistema de coordenadas cil穩ndricas com fun癟繭es de distribui癟瓊o da corrente de reboque de velocidade Maxwellian. Uma solu癟瓊o anal穩tica exata das equa癟繭es do modelo para o fluxo inst獺vel foi dada usando o momento e os m矇todos de perturba癟瓊o. A maneira da velocidade m矇dia dos plasmas 矇 ilustrada, que 矇 compat穩vel com a varia癟瓊o da tens瓊o de cisalhamento, coeficiente de viscosidade. Al矇m disso, uma nova previs瓊o termodin璽mica 矇 investigada e aplicada para todo o sistema. Finalmente, acordos qualitativos com trabalhos anteriores relacionados foram demonstrados utilizando gr獺ficos tridimensionais para as vari獺veis de c獺lculo. O significado deste estudo de livro deve-se ?s suas vastas aplica癟繭es em in繳meros campos, como em f穩sica, engenharia, aplica癟繭es comerciais e industriais.
Spin Seebeck Effect
The Spin Seebeck Effect (SSE) was first reported in 2008 and consists in the generation of a spin current in a paramagnetic metal (PM), caused by an applied thermal gradient in a ferromagnet (FM). The injected spin current is converted into a transverse electric voltage by means of the Inverse Spin Hall Effect (ISHE), which is a result of a spin-orbit interaction of the electrons in the conductive layer. The SSE devices, due to their relatively simple structure, provide an easy scaling-capability, which attributes useful characteristics for thermoelectric and sensing applications to these devices. In this work, three different FM materials were prepared and characterized (YIG, La0.9Ca0.1MnO3 and NiO) and SSE devices were produced. An experimental set-up was designed and developed to measure the SSE output of these devices. Measurements were carried out at room temperature and up to 50簞C and an SSE output of up to 0.25 繕V was obtained.
Battery Management System for Microgrids
System has two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, applied to hybrid system. When load is light, the UPC mode is selected. In UPC mode variation in load demands are compensated by the main grid because the hybrid source output is regulated to reference power. In FFC mode feeder flow is regulated to a constant power, the extra load demand is picked up by hybrid sources and hence feeder reference power must be known. The system can maximize the generated power when load is heavy and minimizes the load shedding area.The proposed operating strategies with flexible operation mode change always operates the photovoltaic array at maximum output power and battery in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhance system stability, decreasing the number of operating mode changes in the MATLAB Simulink environmen
Medi癟瓊o de resist礙ncia de aterramento e de potenciais no solo
Atendendo a demanda de projetos e medi癟繭es de malhas de aterramentos em subesta癟瓊o de alta tens瓊o, Medi癟瓊o de Resist礙ncia de Aterramento e de Potenciais no Solo, abordam os conceitos b獺sicos sobre uma malha de aterramento el矇trico, medi癟瓊o de resist礙ncia de aterramento e de potenciais na superf穩cie do solo na malha. Ser瓊o mostrados os procedimentos atualmente utilizados para as medi癟繭es, que s瓊o baseadas nas Normas IEEE Std. 81-2012 - Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System e ABNT NBR 15749-2009 - Medi癟瓊o de resist礙ncia de aterramento e de potenciais na superf穩cie do solo em sistemas de aterramento. Por fim, este trabalho tem como objetivo a valida癟瓊o de um m矇todo existente, por meio de um estudo de caso para uma malha de aterramento de uma subesta癟瓊o com a tens瓊o de fornecimento de 69kV, ao qual busca propiciar uma avalia癟瓊o de um sistema de forma segura, sendo apresentado o estudo, contendo dados reais obtidos da realiza癟瓊o dos ensaios que ser瓊o citados.
