The Limits of Europeanisation. Domestic Constraints on Ownership Unbundling of National Electricity Systems
Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1,7, Maastricht University, language: English, abstract: While Bartle stresses that national institutions may protract the introduction of electricity reform, his research is on a more general level and does not explicitly focus on the costs of adaptation resulting from compensating losers of reform and convincing opposing political veto players. By doing so, important nuances of national responses to exogenous reform pressures may be overlooked. This thesis addresses this gap by asking the following research question: What explains the variation in unbundling regime choice between European countries after the Third Electricity Directive? The example of ownership unbundling provides a relevant empirical example to unequivocally comprehend the redistribution of resources resulting from a liberalisation reform initiative. When governments plan to unbundle VIUs, they directly interfere with the interests of several private and public actors. Thus, depending on the exact interest and governance configurations, full unbundling induces varying costs of compensation and (re-)negotiation for governments. I argue that an adaptation-cost-based account of member states' reform capacities allows us to obtain a better understanding of the pace and timing of electricity sector liberalisation in the EU as well as processes of Europeanisation more generally. The research question will be addressed through the lens of the rational-choice variant of B繹rzel & Risse's goodness-of-fit framework which is complemented by the historical institutionalist notion of path dependencies.
Design and Modeling of Millimeter-Wave CMOS Circuits for WirelessTransceivers
Preface. Acknowledgements. PART 1 BACKGROUND 1 A short history. 1.1 Millimeter-waves. 1.2 Birth of the transistor. 2 State-of-the-art. 3 RF CMOS IC design. 3.1 The wireless transceiver. 3.2 Design tools. 3.3 Measurement equipments. PART 2 MILLIMETER-WAVE CMOS PASSIVE DEVICES 4 On-Chip Inductor. 4.1 Physical phenomena in the on-chip inductor. 4.2 Existing inductor models. 4.3 Substrate-coupled inductor model. 4.4 Equations for the scalable model. 4.5 Experimental results. 4.6 Circuit performance. 4.6 Chapter summary. 5 On-Chip Capacitor. 5.1 Analysis of the floating shield. 5.2 Scalable circuit model. 5.3 Experimental results. 5.4 Chapter summary. 6 Transmission Lines. 6.1 Fundamentals. 6.1.1 Electric and magnetic field propagations. 6.1.2 Voltage and current wave propagations. 6.1.3 Phase velocity. 6.2 Slow-wave transmission line (SWTL). 6.2.1 Background on slow-wave research. 6.2.2 Realizing slow-wave transmission lines. 6.2.2.1 The SWTL structure. 6.2.2.2 Measurement of fabricated structures. 6.2.3 Modeling SWTL. 6.2.3.1 Equivalent circuit model. 6.2.3.2 Modeling results. 6.3 Asymmetric coaxial waveguide (ACW). 6.3.1 The ACW structure. 6.3.2 Analysis of the inductive and capacitive quality factors in transmission lines. 6.3.3 Experimental results. 6.4 Chapter summary. 7 On-Chip Balun. 7.1 Balun design. 7.2 Experimental results. 7.3 Derivations for differential-mode and common-mode response ratio. 7.4 Chapter summary. PART 3 MILLIMETER-WAVE CMOS ACTIVE CIRCUITS 8 Up-conversion mixers. 8.1 Pseudo-millimeter wave up-conversion. 8.1.1 Up-conversion mixer design methodology. 8.1.2 Stacked Marchand balun design. 8.1.3 Experimental results. 8.2 Millimeter-wave up-conversion mixer at 50 GHz. 8.2.1 Up-conversion mixer design. 8.2.1.1 Mixer topology. 8.2.1.2 Passive balun structure. 8.2.1.3 Active IF balun. 8.2.2 Experimental results. 8.3 Chapter summary. 9 Down-conversion mixer. 9.1 Mixer and slow-wave transmission lines. 9.2 Chip layout. 9.3 Experimental results. 9.4 Chapter summary. 10 RF amplifier. 10.1 Review of Conventional Design Techniques. 10.1.1 Stability. 10.1.2 Gain. 10.1.3 Noise figure. 10.2 Current-Reuse Cascade Amplifier. 10.2.1 Principles of operation. 10.2.2 Analytical expression for circuit transconductance. 10.2.3 Design of 60GHz CRCA. 10.3 Experimental results. 10.4 Chapter summary. 11 Voltage-controlled oscillator. 11.1 Design of 76 GHz VCO. 11.2 Experimental results. 11.3 Chapter summary. 12 Conclusions. References. Index.
Fundamentals of Electric Drives
The book contains the hundred most frequently asked multiple-choice questions in the competitive examinations with the explanations. This book will help the students to understand the basic concepts of electric drive. The language used is easy to comprehend and useful for students. This book will help the students who are preparing for competitive examinations and boost their knowledge to answer several questions for interview purposes.
Analyse de faisabilit矇 technico-矇conomique d’un syst癡me hybride solaire en pv ? jamm
Ce travail d矇crit l'analyse technico-矇conomique du syst癡me d'矇nergie solaire hybride pour le village de Patyari Kaltan, situ矇 dans le Jammu, en Inde, en consid矇rant la charge r矇elle et d'autres donn矇es m矇t矇orologiques. Au d矇part, le syst癡me 矇nerg矇tique est construit en gardant ? l'esprit le mod癡le de charge et l'existence de sources renouvelables dans cette r矇gion particuli癡re. Le syst癡me hybride est sp矇cifiquement destin矇 ? r矇pondre ? la demande de charge dans des d矇lais variables en combinant diverses sources d'矇nergie renouvelables telles que des 矇oliennes, des panneaux solaires et une batterie. Le logiciel de simulation utilis矇 dans cette recherche est HOMER et les r矇sultats de la simulation montrent que le meilleur syst癡me de combinaison pour la production d'矇lectricit矇 est le syst癡me hybride solaire-batterie avec NPC et le prix de l'矇lectricit矇 est de 9914020 roupies et 2,33 roupies/kWh. Dans cette recherche, l'analyse de sensibilit矇 est 矇galement effectu矇e pour examiner les performances futures du syst癡me.
Techno-?konomische Machbarkeitsanalyse eines Solar-Pv-Hybridsystems im Stau
Diese Arbeit beschreibt die techno-繹konomische Analyse eines Solar-Hybrid-Energiesystems f羹r das Dorf Patyari Kaltan in Jammu, Indien, unter Ber羹cksichtigung der tats瓣chlichen Belastung und anderer meteorologischer Daten. Zu Beginn wird das Energiesystem unter Ber羹cksichtigung des Lastmusters und der Existenz der erneuerbaren Energiequellen in diesem bestimmten Gebiet aufgebaut. Das Hybridsystem soll insbesondere den Lastbedarf in unterschiedlichen Zeiten decken, indem verschiedene erneuerbare Energiequellen wie Windturbinen, Sonnenkollektoren und Batterien kombiniert werden. Die in dieser Forschung verwendete Simulationssoftware ist HOMER und die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass das beste Kombinationssystem f羹r die Stromerzeugung ein Solar-Batterie-Hybridsystem mit NPC ist und der Strompreis bei Rs 9914020 und Rs 2,33/kWh liegt. In dieser Forschung wird auch die Sensitivit瓣tsanalyse durchgef羹hrt, um die zuk羹nftige Leistung des Systems zu untersuchen.
Nova Investiga癟瓊o Cin矇tica e Nova Termodin璽mica
Nosso objetivo deste livro 矇 focar principalmente no comportamento de um plasma que est獺 confinado entre dois cilindros rotativos circulares coaxiais infinitos. Os cilindros est瓊o girando com velocidade angular. S瓊o estudados os efeitos da for癟a de Lorentz nos el矇trons coletados entre si, com 穩ons positivos, e com 獺tomos neutros no fluido plasm獺tico. O tipo BGK da equa癟瓊o cin矇tica de Boltzmann 矇 aplicado utilizando um sistema de coordenadas cil穩ndricas com fun癟繭es de distribui癟瓊o da corrente de reboque de velocidade Maxwellian. Uma solu癟瓊o anal穩tica exata das equa癟繭es do modelo para o fluxo inst獺vel foi dada usando o momento e os m矇todos de perturba癟瓊o. A maneira da velocidade m矇dia dos plasmas 矇 ilustrada, que 矇 compat穩vel com a varia癟瓊o da tens瓊o de cisalhamento, coeficiente de viscosidade. Al矇m disso, uma nova previs瓊o termodin璽mica 矇 investigada e aplicada para todo o sistema. Finalmente, acordos qualitativos com trabalhos anteriores relacionados foram demonstrados utilizando gr獺ficos tridimensionais para as vari獺veis de c獺lculo. O significado deste estudo de livro deve-se ?s suas vastas aplica癟繭es em in繳meros campos, como em f穩sica, engenharia, aplica癟繭es comerciais e industriais.
Nuova indagine cinetica e nuova termodinamica
Il nostro obiettivo di questo libro 癡 di focalizzarci principalmente sul comportamento di un plasma che 癡 confinato tra due infiniti cilindri rotanti circolari coassiali coassiali. I cilindri ruotano con velocit? angolare. Si studiano gli effetti della forza di Lorentz sugli elettroni raccolti tra loro, con ioni positivi e con atomi neutri nel fluido del plasma. Il tipo BGK dell'equazione cinetica di Boltzmann viene applicato utilizzando un sistema di coordinate cilindriche con funzioni di distribuzione del flusso di traino a velocit? maxwelliana. Una soluzione analitica esatta delle equazioni del modello per il flusso instabile 癡 stata data usando il momento e i metodi di perturbazione. Il modo della velocit? media dei plasma 癡 illustrato, che 癡 compatibile con la variazione della sollecitazione di taglio, coefficiente di viscosit?. Inoltre, viene studiata e applicata una nuova previsione termodinamica per l'intero sistema. Infine, sono stati dimostrati accordi qualitativi con precedenti lavori correlati, utilizzando grafici tridimensionali per le variabili di calcolo. L'importanza di questo studio 癡 dovuta alle sue vaste applicazioni in numerosi campi come la fisica, l'ingegneria, le applicazioni commerciali e industriali.
Neue kinetische und neue thermodynamische Untersuchungen
Unser Ziel dieses Buches ist es, uns haupts瓣chlich auf das Verhalten eines Plasmas zu konzentrieren, das zwischen zwei unendlichen koaxialen, kreisf繹rmig rotierenden Zylindern eingeschlossen ist. Die Zylinder drehen sich mit Winkelgeschwindigkeit. Die Auswirkungen der Lorentz-Kraft auf die miteinander, mit positiven Ionen und mit neutralen Atomen in der Plasmafl羹ssigkeit gesammelten Elektronen werden untersucht. Der BGK-Typ der kinetischen Boltzmann-Gleichung wird unter Verwendung eines zylindrischen Koordinatensystems mit Maxwell'schen Geschwindigkeits-Zwei-Stromverteilungsfunktionen angewendet. Eine exakte analytische L繹sung der Modellgleichungen f羹r die instation瓣re Str繹mung wurde unter Verwendung der Moment- und der St繹rungsmethoden gegeben. Die Art und Weise der mittleren Geschwindigkeit von Plasmen wird dargestellt, die mit der Variation der Scherspannung, Viskosit瓣tskoeffizient, kompatibel ist. Au?erdem wird eine neue thermodynamische Vorhersage untersucht und f羹r das gesamte System angewendet.
Nowe badanie kinetyczne i nowe badanie termodynamiczne
Celem tej książki jest przede wszystkim skupienie się na zachowaniu się plazmy, kt籀ra jest zamknięta pomiędzy dwoma nieskończonymi wsp籀losiowymi, okrąglymi cylindrami obrotowymi. Cylindry obracają się z prędkością kątową. Badany jest wplyw sily Lorentza na elektrony zbierane razem ze sobą, z jonami dodatnimi i atomami obojętnymi w plynie plazmowym. Typ BGK r籀wnania kinetycznego Boltzmanna jest stosowany za pomocą cylindrycznego ukladu wsp籀lrzędnych z funkcjami rozkladu strumienia holowania prędkości Maxwelliana. Dokladne rozwiązanie analityczne r籀wnań modelowych dla przeplywu niestabilnego podano za pomocą metody momentowej i perturbacyjnej. Zilustrowano spos籀b wyznaczania średniej prędkości plazmy zgodny ze zmiennością naprężenia ścinającego, wsp籀lczynnika lepkości. Ponadto zbadano i zastosowano nową prognozę termodynamiczną dla calego ukladu. Na koniec, zademonstrowano jakościowe uzgodnienia z wcześniejszymi powiązanymi pracami przy użyciu tr籀jwymiarowej grafiki do obliczeń zmiennych. Znaczenie tej książki wynika z jej szerokiego zastosowania w wielu dziedzinach, takich jak fizyka, inżynieria, zastosowania komercyjne i przemyslowe.
Nouvelle enqu礙te cin矇tique et nouvelle enqu礙te thermodynamique
L'objectif de ce livre est de se concentrer principalement sur le comportement d'un plasma qui est confin矇 entre deux cylindres rotatifs circulaires coaxiaux infinis. Les cylindres tournent ? une vitesse angulaire. Les effets de la force de Lorentz sur les 矇lectrons collect矇s entre eux, avec les ions positifs et avec les atomes neutres dans le fluide du plasma sont 矇tudi矇s. Le type BGK de l'矇quation cin矇tique de Boltzmann est appliqu矇 en utilisant un syst癡me de coordonn矇es cylindriques avec des fonctions de distribution des courants de remorquage ? vitesse maxwellienne. Une solution analytique exacte des 矇quations du mod癡le pour l'矇coulement instable a 矇t矇 donn矇e en utilisant le moment et les m矇thodes de perturbation. La mani癡re dont la vitesse moyenne des plasmas est illustr矇e, qui est compatible avec la variation de la contrainte de cisaillement, le coefficient de viscosit矇. En outre, une nouvelle pr矇diction thermodynamique est 矇tudi矇e et appliqu矇e ? l'ensemble du syst癡me. Enfin, des accords qualitatifs avec des articles pr矇c矇dents ont 矇t矇 d矇montr矇s en utilisant des graphiques en trois dimensions pour les variables de calcul.
Spin Seebeck Effect
The Spin Seebeck Effect (SSE) was first reported in 2008 and consists in the generation of a spin current in a paramagnetic metal (PM), caused by an applied thermal gradient in a ferromagnet (FM). The injected spin current is converted into a transverse electric voltage by means of the Inverse Spin Hall Effect (ISHE), which is a result of a spin-orbit interaction of the electrons in the conductive layer. The SSE devices, due to their relatively simple structure, provide an easy scaling-capability, which attributes useful characteristics for thermoelectric and sensing applications to these devices. In this work, three different FM materials were prepared and characterized (YIG, La0.9Ca0.1MnO3 and NiO) and SSE devices were produced. An experimental set-up was designed and developed to measure the SSE output of these devices. Measurements were carried out at room temperature and up to 50簞C and an SSE output of up to 0.25 繕V was obtained.
Battery Management System for Microgrids
System has two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, applied to hybrid system. When load is light, the UPC mode is selected. In UPC mode variation in load demands are compensated by the main grid because the hybrid source output is regulated to reference power. In FFC mode feeder flow is regulated to a constant power, the extra load demand is picked up by hybrid sources and hence feeder reference power must be known. The system can maximize the generated power when load is heavy and minimizes the load shedding area.The proposed operating strategies with flexible operation mode change always operates the photovoltaic array at maximum output power and battery in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhance system stability, decreasing the number of operating mode changes in the MATLAB Simulink environmen
Medi癟瓊o de resist礙ncia de aterramento e de potenciais no solo
Atendendo a demanda de projetos e medi癟繭es de malhas de aterramentos em subesta癟瓊o de alta tens瓊o, Medi癟瓊o de Resist礙ncia de Aterramento e de Potenciais no Solo, abordam os conceitos b獺sicos sobre uma malha de aterramento el矇trico, medi癟瓊o de resist礙ncia de aterramento e de potenciais na superf穩cie do solo na malha. Ser瓊o mostrados os procedimentos atualmente utilizados para as medi癟繭es, que s瓊o baseadas nas Normas IEEE Std. 81-2012 - Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System e ABNT NBR 15749-2009 - Medi癟瓊o de resist礙ncia de aterramento e de potenciais na superf穩cie do solo em sistemas de aterramento. Por fim, este trabalho tem como objetivo a valida癟瓊o de um m矇todo existente, por meio de um estudo de caso para uma malha de aterramento de uma subesta癟瓊o com a tens瓊o de fornecimento de 69kV, ao qual busca propiciar uma avalia癟瓊o de um sistema de forma segura, sendo apresentado o estudo, contendo dados reais obtidos da realiza癟瓊o dos ensaios que ser瓊o citados.
Analysis And Suppression Of Transient Over-Voltages In GIS
In our country a few Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) units have been in operation and large number of units are under various stages of installation. Although GIS have been in operation for several years, some of the problems need attention. These problems include, generation of over voltage during dis-connector operations, line to enclosure faults etc. These over voltages are caused in two ways, viz., due to switching operations of circuit breaker and line to enclosure faults. In the project work, very fast transient over voltages are generated due to switching operations have been analyzed and presented. Since the contact speed of dis-connector switches is low, re-striking occurs many times before the current interruption is completed. Each re-striking generates transient over voltage with different levels of magnitude. Since these transients have traveling wave behavior, they travel to the external systems through enclosures, bushings, cable joints etc., and cause damage to the outside equipment. They can lead to secondary break downs in GIS and may give rise to electromagnetic interference.It is important to develop a suitable simulation models for estimation of these voltages.
Transformers & Electric Machinery
There no any doubt that, the science of electric machinery is one of the necessary important sciences for the undergraduate students in electrical engineering and in mechanical engineering as well. This book "Transformers & Electric Machinery" covers transformers and essential electric machines.It has been written to meet the introductory phase of the needs of those students and engineers who are interested in electrical machinery science and its applications. The essential goal from this book is offering simple and concentrated scientific material about transformers and essential electrical rotating machines equipped with enough applied examples, tutorial problems and different review answered questions for revision for those students and engineers who are interested with electrical machinery science.
Three Phase Induction Motor
Three phase induction motor is one of ac machines family. It converts the ac electrical power input into a mechanical power output. The conversion process takes place through the rotating magnetic field. Its theory of operation is based on the mutual electromagnetic induction between the primary circuit and secondary circuit. Three-phase induction motors are the most widely used electric motors in industry. When fed from constant voltage constant frequency they run at nearly constant speed from no-load to full-load. 3-phase induction motors are simple, rugged, low-priced, easy to maintain and can be manufactured with characteristics to suit most industrial requirements. Nowadays, with the development of power semiconductors, induction motors may be considered as serious rivals to dc motors in many speed control systems.
Finding Fault Location on Overhead Transmission Lines
Identification of the fault location and correction of fault area unit vital in grid. This method improves the steadiness and accelerate the restoration of the system. This approaches for locating fault location area tavelling wave-based approach and impedance measurement based approach which ends up in complexness, expensive, non-homogeneity and unacceptable errors. during this paper fault location on overhead conductor mistreatment magnetoelectric machine resistive sensing element technique is planned. during this field is measured with the magnetoelectric machine resistive magnetic sensing element that is a lot of sensitive and low price. The collected knowledge may be used for distinguishing the fault sort and site of fault inside a span. Simulation were performed on typical tower configuration. The schematic diagram was developed mistreatment Simulink in matlab and kind of the fault may be detected by observant the waveforms obtained.
Three Phase Asynchronous Motors
This book "Three Phase Asynchronous Motors" covers construction, performance, starting, braking, speed control, space harmonics and design of three phase induction motors. The simplicity to a great extent in explaining each subject and the concentration on the different enough examples are the features that have been adopted in developing the text material. Moreover, there are tutorial problems and different review answered questions for revision. Thus, this book has been written to meet the introductory phase of the needs of those students and engineers who are interested in 3-phase induction motors and its applications. The book text material divides itself into five Chapters: The first Chapter is designated to construction and performance of three phase induction motors. The second be allocated to speed control of three phase induction motors. The third Chapter is devoted to 3-phase induction motors starting and electric braking. The fourth Chapter is devoted to space harmonics in 3-phase induction motors. The fifth one is devoted to 3-phase induction motors design.
Hybrid Renewable Energy System Optimization
To carry out this research in the field of up-to-date articles selected from reputable journals and by investigating different types of optimization methods, genetic algorithm is used for optimization. The genetic algorithm is the most well-known intelligent optimization method and an evolutionary algorithm. We have done an example on a network in Palestine. The optimized parameters include the components and angles of the deviation of the PV and the surface and the type of its installation. Some steps need to be taken into account, including balanced energy for each hour throughout the year, before the start of optimization. Each energy source must be calculated by the mathematical model of each component or component, as well as solar radiation analysis. These are the equivalent circuit parameters of the PV model in both said models including series resistance (SR) and parallel resistance (PR) and ideal diode coefficient. Shall also be calculated and used.
Diffraction Optics of Complex-Structured Periodic Media
This book presents recent theoretical and experimental results of localized optical modes and low-threshold lasing in spiral photonic media. Efficient applications of localized modes for low-threshold lasing at the frequencies of localized modes are a central topic of the book's new chapters. Attention is paid to the analytical approach to the problem. The book focuses on one of the most extensively studied media in this field, cholesteric liquid crystals. The chosen model, in the absence of dielectric interfaces, allows to remove the problem of polarization mixing at surfaces, layers and defect structures. It allows to reduce the corresponding equations to the equations for light of diffracting polarization only. The problem concentrates then on the edge and defect optical modes. The possibility to reduce the lasing threshold due to an anomalously strong absorption effect is presented theoretically for distributed feedback lasing. It is shown that a minimumof the threshold-pumping wave intensity can be reached for the pumping wave frequency coinciding with the localized mode frequency (what can be reached for a pumping wave propagating at a certain angle to the helical axes). Analytic expressions for transmission and reflection coefficients are presented. In the present second edition, experimental observations of theoretically revealed phenomena in spiral photonic media are discussed. The main results obtained for spiral media are qualitatively valid for photonic crystals of any nature and therefore may be applied as a guide to investigations of other photonic crystals where the corresponding theory is more complicated and demands a numerical approach. It is demonstrated that many optical phenomena occurring at the frequencies of localized modes reveal unusual properties which can be used for efficient applications of the corresponding phenomena, efficient frequency conversion and low threshold lasing, e.g. For the convenience of the reader, an introduction is given to conventional linear and nonlinear optics of structured periodic media. This book is valuable to researchers, postgraduate, and graduate students active in theoretical and experimental physics in the field of interaction of radiation with condensed matter.
Particles in Contact
01.Analysis of Adsorbates and Interfacial Forces at Metal Oxide Interfaces at Defined Environmental Conditions . A. G. Orive, C. Kunze, B. Torun, T. de los Arcos and G. Grundmeier 02.Understanding and Manipulation of Nanoparticle Contact Forces by Capillary Bridges . Hans-Joachim Schmid, Guido Grundmeier, Michael D繹rmann, Alejandro Gonz獺lez Orive, Teresa de los Arcos and Boray Torun 03.Microwave Emission During the Impact Compaction of Particle Bed . Sergej Aman, Alexander Aman and Werner Hintz 04.Formation, Deformation, Rolling and Sliding of Particles and Particle Aggregates: Mechanisms and Applications . Laurent Gilson, Jennifer Wenzl, Maxime Paven, Michael Kappl, Hans-J羹rgen Butt, Doris Vollmer and G羹nter K. Auernhammer 05.Contact Models and DEM Simulation of Micrometer-Sized Particles and Agglomerates at Static Loading Based on Experimental Characterization . Philipp Grohn, Dominik Weis, Ulrich Br繹ckel, Stefan Heinrich and Sergiy Antonyuk 06.DEM Analysis of Breakage Behavior of Bicomponent Agglomerates . Maksym Dosta, Matthias Weber, Volker Schmidt and Sergiy Antonyuk 07.Contact Mechanisms in Ultrasound-Agitated Particulate Systems . Claas Knoop, Tobias Wollborn and Udo Fritsching 08.Capillary Interaction in Wet Granular Assemblies: Part 1 . Stephan Herminghaus, Ciro Semprebon and Martin Brinkmann 09.Capillary Interaction in Wet Granular Assemblies: Part 2 . Falk K. Wittel, Roman Mani, Konstantin Melnikov, Filippo Bianchi and Hans J. Herrmann 10.Sintering-Pressure- and Temperature-Dependent Contact Models . T. Weinhart, R. Fuchs, T. Staedler, M. Kappl and S. Luding 11. A Contact Model for the Discrete Element Simulations of Aggregated Nanoparticle Films. Valentin Baric, Jens Laube, Samir Salameh, Lucio Colombi Ciacchi and Lutz M瓣dler 12. Determination of the Adhesion Forces of Magnetic Composite Particles. Johannes Knoll, Frank Rhein and Hermann Nirschl 13. Deformation and Friction at the Microscale-From Model Experiments to Process Characterization. Wolfgang Peukert and Stefan Romeis 14. Measurement of the Adhesion Moment of a Particle on a Wall in a Gaseous Environment and Comparison to Simulated Data . Alexander Haarmann and Eberhard Schmidt 15. Nanoindentation Based Colloid Probe Technique: A Unique Opportunity to Study the Mechanical Contact of Individual Micron Sized Particles. Thorsten Staedler, Katharina Diehl, Regina Fuchs, Jan Meyer, Aditya Kumar and Xin Jiang 16. The Importance of Interactions Between Carrier and Drug Particles for the Application in Dry Powder Inhalers . Sarah Zellnitz, Niklas Renner, Yan Cui, Regina Scherlie?, 17. Martin Sommerfeld, Hartwig Steckel and Nora Urbanetz Rapid Impact of Nanoparticles on Surfaces . Alfred Weber, Christian Sch繹ner, Manuel Gensch, Alexander Werner and Thorsten P繹schel 18. Stochastic Nature of Particle Collisions and its Impact on Granular Material Properties. Nina Gunkelmann, Dan Serero, Aldo Glielmo, Marina Montaine, Michael Heckel and Thorsten P繹schel 19. Non-ohmic Properties of Particle Layers in Electrostatic Precipitators. Damian Pieloth, Helmut Wiggers and Peter Walzel 20. Structure of Sheared Cohesive Granular Bulk . Lothar Brendel, Alexander Weuster, Dietrich E. Wolf, Harald Zetzener, Stephan Strege, Lutz Torbahn, Arno Kwade, Lisa Handl and Volker Schmidt 21. Improved Flowability of Ultrafine, Cohesive Glass Particles by Surface Modification Using Hydrophobic Silanes . Zinaida Todorova, Steffi W羹nsche and Werner Hin
Henri Poincar矇 Electrons to Special RelativityTranslation of Selected Papers and Discussion
Produced by an award-winning translator of Henri Poincar矇, this book contains translations of several seminal articles by Poincar矇 and discusses the experimental and theoretical investigations of electrons that form their context. In the 1950s, a dispute ignited about the origin of the theory of special relativity and thrust considerable notoriety on a paper written by Henri Poincar矇 in 1905. Accordingly, Part I presents the relevant translations of Poincar矇's work showing that radiation carries momentum and the covariance of the equations of electrodynamics, the continuity equation for charge, and the spacetime interval. Part II then discusses investigations by Thomson, Becquerel, and Kaufmann of electrons in diverse contexts; contributions of Abraham, Lorentz and Poincar矇 to a theory of electrons that includes Lorentz transformations and explains the dependence of mass on velocity; and finally, Poincar矇's exploration of the relativity principle, electron stability, and gravitation while rejecting absolute motion (ether) and an electromagnetic origin of mass. Part III contains the 1904 article by H. A. Lorentz presenting his transformations.This book will be a fascinating read to graduate-level students, physicists, and science historians who are interested in the development of electrodynamics and the classical, relativistic theory of electrons at the beginning of the 20th century.
Illuminating Edison
In early January 1878 Amos J. Cummings, editor at the New York Sun newspaper, was provided with a written introduction to soon-to-be-famous inventor Thomas Alva Edison. After visiting Edison at his Meno Park, New Jersey laboratory, Cummings wrote a lengthy article for his paper about the 31-year old inventor and his latest creations, especially the phonograph. The story about Edison went viral, racing across the nation in the pages of other newspapers. It was then picked up by Scientific American Supplement, a popular magazine. Edison's renown was assured. The media coverage also served to attract investors needed to support his research. Over the next three years Cummings and Edison became friends. The Sun journalist wrote seventeen articles about Edison, especially his on-going experiments to create a practical electric light bulb. The "Genie of Menlo Park," as Cummings dubbed him, was featured in still other stories that appeared in the Sun, many of which were then reprinted in other papers. For a time, there was almost weekly press coverage as Edison worked to bring electricity and electric lights to everyday people, even while fending off disparagement from gaslight company executives and rival inventors. It was an exciting time for Sun readers.Illuminating Edison reprints a selection of the Sun stories from those early years of innovation. By the end of 1880, thanks to Edison, the success of electricity and electric lights was assured. Life would never be the same.
Technical interview Questions with Answers
Electrical engineering has now sub divided into a wide range of sub fields including Electronics, Digital Computers, Computer Engineering, Power Engineering, Telecommunications, Control Systems, Robotics, Radio, Signal Processing, Instrumentation, Microelectronics etc. Electrical engineering questions can be complex and challenging to answers, especially during a job interview to make an impression. This book contains collection of 450 Electrical Engineering Interview Questions with Answers for fresher as well as non-fresher candidates. This collection of Electrical Engineering Interview Questions and Answers will surely boost the preparation. Questions contains frequently asked questions related with subjects like Electrical Machines, Transmission And Distribution, Power Electronics, Electrical Network, Microprocessor And Micro controller, Control System etc.
Elektrizit瓣t und Gewitter
Wissen Sie was "Strom" ist? Haben Sie schon mal dar羹ber nachgedacht, was geschieht, wenn Sie eine Gl羹hlampe einschalten? Nein? Dann ist dieses Buch genau das richtige f羹r Sie! Strom oder Elektrizit瓣t und Elektronen geh繹ren eng zusammen. In jedem St羹ck Draht sind von Natur aus die Elektronen enthalten, welche unsere Gl羹hlampen zum Leuchten bringen oder einen Motor bewegen. Aber wieso? Dieses Buch bringt Aufkl瓣rung.
Multi Objectief Optimaal Reactief Vermogensplanning
Reactievermogensplanning (RPP) is een van de meest complexe problemen van energiesystemen. RPP maakt verstandig gebruik van de bestaande reactieve stroombronnen en plant een geschikte locatie en grootte van de VAR-compensatie die in een systeem moet worden ge簿nstalleerd om te voldoen aan de eisen van toekomstige belastingsverhogingen om een redelijk spanningsprofiel te behouden onder normale omstandigheden en onvoorziene omstandigheden. RPP vereist de gelijktijdige minimalisatie van twee objectieve functies. De eerste doelstelling betreft het minimaliseren van de bedrijfskosten door het verminderen van het werkelijke vermogensverlies en het verbeteren van het spanningsprofiel. In dit boek is de Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) gebruikt om de zwakke bussen te identificeren voor de planning van het reactieve vermogen. Het resultaat bevestigde een significante afname van de systeemverliezen en een verbetering van de spanningsomvang door het gebruik van FVSI. De test en de rechtvaardiging van het voorgestelde algoritme zijn uitgevoerd op het IEEE 30-bussysteem en het 72-bus Indiase systeem.
Plug-in Electric Vehicle
This book is designed to provide easy understanding of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Supported DVR for Power Quality Improvement and Energy Back-Up Strategy. It mainly discuss about power quality issue and the way to improve power quality with renewable energy sources. It includes brief theory on power quality problem, DVR and Energy back-up strategy. Covers mathematical analysis of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Supported DVR and discusses the performance with MATLAB/Simulink results.
Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency
Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency: A Lecture Delivered Before The Institution Of Electrical Engineers, London. This book is a result of an effort made by us towards making a contribution to the preservation and repair of original classic literature. In an attempt to preserve, improve and recreate the original content, we have worked towards: 1. Type-setting & Reformatting: The complete work has been re-designed via professional layout, formatting and type-setting tools to re-create the same edition with rich typography, graphics, high quality images, and table elements, giving our readers the feel of holding a 'fresh and newly' reprinted and/or revised edition, as opposed to other scanned & printed (Optical Character Recognition - OCR) reproductions. 2. Correction of imperfections: As the work was re-created from the scratch, therefore, it was vetted to rectify certain conventional norms with regard to typographical mistakes, hyphenations, punctuations, blurred images, missing content/pages, and/or other related subject matters, upon our consideration. Every attempt was made to rectify the imperfections related to omitted constructs in the original edition via other references. However, a few of such imperfections which could not be rectified due to intentional\unintentional omission of content in the original edition, were inherited and preserved from the original work to maintain the authenticity and construct, relevant to the work. We believe that this work holds historical, cultural and/or intellectual importance in the literary works community, therefore despite the oddities, we accounted the work for print as a part of our continuing effort towards preservation of literary work and our contribution towards the development of the society as a whole, driven by our beliefs. We are grateful to our readers for putting their faith in us and accepting our imperfections with regard to preservation of the historical content. HAPPY READING!
The Invisible Rainbow
5g is being rolled out across the country, despite growing evidence that it is disruptive to our health, our safety, and the environment. The Invisible Rainbow is the groundbreaking story of electricity as it's never been told before--exposing its very real impact on the biosphere and human health. 100,000 copies sold! Over the last 220 years, society has evolved a universal belief that electricity is 'safe' for humanity and the planet. Scientist and journalist Arthur Firstenberg disrupts this conviction by telling the story of electricity in a way it has never been told before--from an environmental point of view--by detailing the effects that this fundamental societal building block has had on our health and our planet. In The Invisible Rainbow, Firstenberg traces the history of electricity from the early eighteenth century to the present, making a compelling case that many environmental problems, as well as the major diseases of industrialized civilization--heart disease, diabetes, and cancer--are related to electrical pollution. "Few individuals today are able to grasp the entirety of a scientific subject and present it in a highly engaging manner . . . Firstenberg has done just that with one of the most pressing but neglected problems of our technological age."--BRADLEY JOHNSON, MD, Amen Clinic, San Francisco "[A] masterpiece."--Celia Farber, investigative journalist "This seminal book...will transform your understanding ...of the environmental and health effects of electricity and radio frequencies"--Paradigm Explorer
The Inventions- Researches- and Writings of Nikola Tesla
The early works of famed inventor Nikola Tesla, and a source of inspiration for generations of innovators. At the time it was first published in 1893, The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla was considered the bible of electrical engineering and inspired generations of inventors. This volume, edited by Tesla's contemporary, Thomas Commerford Martin, includes extensive discussion of Tesla's early work and inventions and contains more than 300 illustrations that demonstrate the practical application of his ideas. Tesla, who was born in what is now Croatia, is best known for his research into the use of high-frequency alternating currents and wireless transmission. Many of his ideas have found practical application in the modern world, and he continues to be a source of inspiration and fascination to this day.
Reverse Engineering of the Deep-cycle Automotive Battery
What if you could charge a battery while discharging it to a load source? In Reverse Engineering of the Deep-Cycle Automotive Battery, Frank Earl argues that it is possible. Taking a different approach than he did in his first book-Miracle Auto Battery-he explains how it can be done. He also evaluates what others, including Richard A. Perez, author of The Complete Battery Book, have said about charging batteries. He explores critical topics, such as - how fixation on the chemical structure of the battery has overshadow the fact that its mechanical structure is just as important as its chemical structure when it comes to new battery technology. - what role a battery's mechanical structure plays in its cycling processes; - why it is possible to charge a deep-cycle automotive battery even as it is powering a vehicle; and - what role reverse engineering plays in improving battery life. Imagine how different the world would be if we could switch between the charging and discharging process of the deep-cycle automotive battery without having to stop one cycling process to start the other-and discover how to make it a reality.
The Grid
One of Bill Gates's Favorite Books of 2016 A revelatory look at our national power grid--how it developed, its current flaws, and how it must be completely reimagined for our fast-approaching energy future. America's electrical grid, an engineering triumph of the twentieth century, is turning out to be a poor fit for the present. It's not just that the grid has grown old and is now in dire need of basic repair. Today, as we invest great hope in new energy sources--solar, wind, and other alternatives--the grid is what stands most firmly in the way of a brighter energy future. If we hope to realize this future, we need to reimagine the grid according to twenty-first-century values. It's a project which forces visionaries to work with bureaucrats, legislators with storm-flattened communities, moneymen with hippies, and the left with the right. And though it might not yet be obvious, this revolution is already well under way. Cultural anthropologist Gretchen Bakke unveils the many facets of America's energy infrastructure, its most dynamic moments and its most stable ones, and its essential role in personal and national life. The grid, she argues, is an essentially American artifact, one which developed with us: a product of bold expansion, the occasional foolhardy vision, some genius technologies, and constant improvisation. Most of all, her focus is on how Americans are changing the grid right now, sometimes with gumption and big dreams and sometimes with legislation or the brandishing of guns. The Grid tells--entertainingly, perceptively--the story of what has been called "the largest machine in the world" its fascinating history, its problematic present, and its potential role in a brighter, cleaner future.
It Is Quite Another Electricity
This book is a description by the author of the proposed single-wire transmission system. The system can operate at any frequency, including DC. It can be applied to a three-phase transmission signal and to collect energy from the "green" sources. It describes in detail the problems associated with zeroing (grounding) signal and energy transfer on the underground and underwater lines. There is data on two experimental systems.
It Is Quite Another Electricity
This book is a description by the author of the proposed single-wire transmission system. The system can operate at any frequency, including DC. It can be applied to a three-phase transmission signal and to collect energy from the "green" sources. It describes in detail the problems associated with zeroing (grounding) signal and energy transfer on the underground and underwater lines. There is data on two experimental systems.
The Grid
One of Bill Gates's Favorite Books of 2016 A revelatory look at our national power grid--how it developed, its current flaws, and how it must be completely reimagined for our fast-approaching energy future. America's electrical grid, an engineering triumph of the twentieth century, is turning out to be a poor fit for the present. It's not just that the grid has grown old and is now in dire need of basic repair. Today, as we invest great hope in new energy sources--solar, wind, and other alternatives--the grid is what stands most firmly in the way of a brighter energy future. If we hope to realize this future, we need to re-imagine the grid according to twenty-first-century values. It's a project which forces visionaries to work with bureaucrats, legislators with storm-flattened communities, moneymen with hippies, and the left with the right. And though it might not yet be obvious, this revolution is already well under way. Cultural anthropologist Gretchen Bakke unveils the many facets of America's energy infrastructure, its most dynamic moments and its most stable ones, and its essential role in personal and national life. The grid, she argues, is an essentially American artifact, one which developed with us: a product of bold expansion, the occasional foolhardy vision, some genius technologies, and constant improvisation. Most of all, her focus is on how Americans are changing the grid right now, sometimes with gumption and big dreams and sometimes with legislation or the brandishing of guns. The Grid tells--entertainingly, perceptively--the story of what has been called "the largest machine in the world" its fascinating history, its problematic present, and its potential role in a brighter, cleaner future.
Fundamentals of electric circuits
Fundamentals of electric circuit provides a very practical approach to a somewhat difficult subject. It provides basic coverage of electric components, circuits and its analysis. Chapters are organized in a step-by-step progression of concepts and theory. Each unit of instruction covers a short, concise topic. The key concepts presented in this book are discussed using a simplified approach that enhances learning. The use of mathematics is kept to the very minimum and is discussed through applications and illustrations. Each chapter begins with an introduction and discussion of important concepts and theories follows. Features of this book are detailed and accurate illustrations are provided in each chapter, network theorems are explained using typical examples and metering and measuring equipments are introduced.
Shocking Bodies
From electric corsets to questioning the existence of God, the story of the profound effects electricity had upon the lives and the worldview of the Victorians Although electricity was known about by the ancient Egyptians, it was not until the Victorian era that its potential really began to be realized. Luigi Galvani's discovery of bioelectricity opened up a whole new world of possibilities, in which it could cure sickness, restore sexual potency, and even raise the dead. This book explores how the Victorians thought about electricity, and how they tried to use it to answer the fundamental questions about life and death. It discusses the beliefs they came into being about electricity--some believed that it was life, which brought into question the existence of the soul, and of God, and provided arguments in favor of political Radicalism. Doctors prescribed electrical therapy and the masses were offered electric belts or corsets, at a price, that were claimed to have amazing restorative properties. This is the story of how electricity emerged during the 19th century as a powerful new tool for making sense of the world.
Findings on Elasticity
The second issue in the exciting and experimental cross-disciplinary series Findings on... by Astrid van Baalen and Hester Aardse from the Pars Foundation is centred on ELASTICITY in the broadest sense of the word.What happens when one gives a simple rubber band to an architect, historian, choreographer, chemist, artist, mathematician, physicist, economist, anthropologist, and geologist and asks each of them for a statement on elasticity? The economist studies the elasticity of supply and demand of market forces. The architect calculates the elasticity of the steel structure of a building during an earthquake. The anthropologist studies the flow of people returning to their homes in the wake of a natural disaster. The choreographer pushes the elasticity of his dancers' movements as they rehearse a new dance. The Pars Foundation draws researchers out of their specialized niches in order to publish their brilliant, crazy, important, or bewildering results and assembles them in this interdisciplinary volume. Findings on Elasticity is the second part of a publication series that together will constitute an atlas of creative thinking. There are no guidelines for the form their contributions must take. It may be images, poems, essays, sketches on coasters, formulas, a piece of sculpture or a piece of string; the editors only ask that a contribution reflect the respondent's own field as well as his or her passion for the topic.
Explorative Experimente
Vor dem Hintergrund der neueren Experimentforschungen der Wissenschaftsgeschichte wird die Selbstdarstellung der Naturwissenschaft im 19. Jahrhundert hinterfragt und dazu die Arbeits- und Aufzeichnungspraxis von Physikern in Labornotizen und Briefen, Zeichnungen und Rechnungen rekonstruiert. In der Fruhphase der Elektrodynamik (1820-1822) wurden die begrifflichen Grundlagen fur die Fernwirkungstheorie und die Feldtheorie geschaffen, deren Dichotomie eines der zentralen Themen der Physik des 19. Jahrhunderts darstellte. Im Zentrum stehen die Protagonisten Ampere und Faraday, die in unterschiedlichen Arbeitskontexten, aber mit Blick auf dasselbe Forschungsgebiet, verschiedene Wege experimenteller Forschung einschlugen und dabei divergierende Ordnungssysteme entwickelten. Bei beiden findet sich eine explorative, der historischen und philosophischen Analyse bislang entgangene experimentelle Arbeitsweise. Die Arbeit gibt erstmals ein Gesamtbild einer zentralen Phase der Physikgeschichte und schlagt ein neues Verstandnis des Experiments als Mittel empirischer Forschung vor.
Empires Of Light
The gripping history of electricity and how the fateful collision of Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, and George Westinghouse left the world utterly transformed. In the final decades of the nineteenth century, three brilliant and visionary titans of America's Gilded Age--Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, and George Westinghouse--battled bitterly as each vied to create a vast and powerful electrical empire. In Empires of Light, historian Jill Jonnes portrays this extraordinary trio and their riveting and ruthless world of cutting-edge science, invention, intrigue, money, death, and hard-eyed Wall Street millionaires. At the heart of the story are Thomas Alva Edison, the nation's most famous and folksy inventor, creator of the incandescent light bulb and mastermind of the world's first direct current electrical light networks; the Serbian wizard of invention Nikola Tesla, elegant, highly eccentric, a dreamer who revolutionized the generation and delivery of electricity; and the charismatic George Westinghouse, Pittsburgh inventor and tough corporate entrepreneur, an industrial idealist who in the era of gaslight imagined a world powered by cheap and plentiful electricity and worked heart and soul to create it. Edison struggled to introduce his radical new direct current (DC) technology into the hurly-burly of New York City as Tesla and Westinghouse challenged his dominance with their alternating current (AC), thus setting the stage for one of the eeriest feuds in American corporate history, the War of the Electric Currents. The battlegrounds: Wall Street, the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, Niagara Falls, and, finally, the death chamber--Jonnes takes us on the tense walk down a prison hallway and into the sunlit room where William Kemmler, convicted ax murderer, became the first man to die in the electric chair.
Rea’s Handbook of Basic Electricity
Whether you're a weekend DIY'er or an aspiring or licensed electrician, Basic Electricity covers all the concepts behind how electricity works. It's clear and to the point, and works well as either a great learning tool or refresher. Prepared for electrical training courses for U.S. naval personnel, this is a classic practical manual that takes you step-by-step with thorough explanations. Generously illustrated with dozens of detailed figures. Covers direct-current and alternating-current devices and circuits, as well as magnetism and motors and generators. A reliable reference you'll use time and again.
Schaum's Outline of Statics and Mechanics of Materials
Confusing Textbooks?Missed Lectures? Tough Test Questions? Fortunately for you, there's Schaum's Outlines. More than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams. Schaum's is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. This Schaum's Outline gives youPractice problems with full explanations that reinforce knowledgeCoverage of the most up-to-date developments in your course fieldIn-depth review of practices and applicationsFully compatible with your classroom text, Schaum's highlights all the important facts you need to know. Use Schaum's to shorten your study time-and get your best test scores!Schaum's Outlines-Problem Solved.
3,000 Solved Problems in Electrical Circuits
Schaum's powerful problem-solver gives you 3,000 problems in electric circuits, fully solved step-by-step! The originator of the solved-problem guide, and students' favorite with over 30 million study guides sold, Schaum's offers a diagram-packed timesaver to help you master every type of problem you'll face on tests. Problems cover every area of electric circuits, from basic units to complex multi-phase circuits, two-port networks, and the use of Laplace transforms. Go directly to the answers and diagrams you need with our detailed, cross-referenced index. Compatible with any classroom text, Schaum's 3000 Solved Problems in Electric Circuits is so complete it's the perfect tool for graduate or professional exam prep!
