Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods
Nonparametric statistical methods minimise the number of assumptions that need to be made about the distribution of data being analysed, unlike classical parametric methods. As such, they are an essential part of a statistician's armoury and this book is an essential resource in their application. Starting from the basics of statistics, it takes the reader through the main nonparametric approaches with an emphasis on carefully explained examples backed up by use of the R programming language.Key features of this fully revised and extended fifth edition include: An introductory chapter that provides a gentle introduction to the basics of statistics, including types of data, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and ethical issues An R package containing functions that have been written for the examples in the text and the exercises Summary bullet points at the end of each section to enable the reader to locate important principles quickly A case study from medical research to demonstrate nonparametric approaches to the data analysis Examples fully integrated into the text, drawn from published research on contemporary issues, with more detail given in their explanation Extensive exercises along with complete solutions allow the reader to test their understanding of the material. Articles used in the examples and exercises carefully chosen to enable readers to identify up to date literature in their field for research, publications, and teaching material Numerous historical references throughout the text, from which to explore the origins of nonparametric methods. Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Fifth Edition is a comprehensive course text in nonparametric techniques suitable for undergraduate students of mathematics and statistics. It assumes only basic previous experience of statistics and with algebra kept to a minimum it is also ideal for quantitative methods modules delivered to undergraduate or postgraduate students in science, business, and health service training. It is an invaluable resource for researchers, medical practitioners, business managers, research and development staff, and others needing to interpret quantitative information. Suitable for self-directed learning in continuing professional development it also acts as a handy accessible reference manual.
Math Mammoth Grade 3 Answer Keys, International Version
Random Number Generators for Computer Simulation and Cyber Security
This book discusses the theory and practice of random number generators that are useful for computer simulation and computer security applications. Random numbers are ubiquitous in computation. They are used in randomized algorithms to perform sampling or choose randomly initialized parameters or perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). They are also used in computer security applications for various purposes such as cryptographic nuances or in authenticators. In practice, the random numbers used by any of these applications are from a pseudo-random sequence. These pseudo-random sequences are generated by RNGs (random number generators). This book discusses the theory underlying such RNGs, which are used by all programmers. However, few try to understand the theory behind them. This topic is an active area of research, particularly when the generators are used for cryptographic applications. The authors introduce readers to RNGs, how they are judged for quality, the mathematical and statistical theory behind them, as well as provide details on how these can be implemented in any programming language. The book discusses non-linear transformations that use classical linear generators for cryptographic applications and how to optimize to make such generators more efficient. In addition, the book provides up-to-date research on RNGs including a modern class of efficient RNGs and shows how to search for new RNGs with good quality and how to parallelize these RNGs.
Math Mammoth Grade 3 Tests and Cumulative Revisions, International Version
The Siml Filtering Method for Noisy Non-Stationary Economic Time Series
Course in Ordinary Differential Equations with Applications
This book was written for advanced undergraduate math or science majors. Its initial purpose was to illustrate the elementary mathematical theory of ordinary differential equations and their diverse and powerful applications. Historically these have been decisive in many physical problems, some of which have philosophically challenged and indeed altered our civilization's concepts. Because of the importance of the subject, the book is also suitable for a one-semester course for graduate students. The book consists of 12 chapters and six appendices.
Geometry and Analysis on Finsler Spaces
Finsler geometry is a Riemannian geometry without quadratic restriction. It was originated from Riemann's ground-breaking 'Habilitation' address in the year 1854 and has many applications in many fields of the natural sciences including physics, psychology and ecology etc. The book is intended to provide basic materials on Finsler geometry for readers who are interested in Riemann-Finsler geometry, and to bring them into the frontiers of the active research on related topics.The book is comprised of three parts. The first part consists of Chapters 1-4, which cover the basic theory of Finsler geometry and important geometric invariants, including Riemannian quantities and non-Riemannian quantities. Chapters 5-6 present the theory of geodesics and comparison theorems, which are fundamental tools to investigate global Finsler geometry. The last part consisting of Chapters 7-9 presents the recent developments in the global analysis, including harmonic functions, the eigenvalue problem and heat flow etc., on Finsler manifolds although the problems discussed are classical.
Exercises in Statistical Reasoning
Students cultivate learning techniques in school that emphasize procedural problem solving and rote memorization. This leads to efficient problem solving for familiar problems. However, conducting novel research is an exercise in creative problem solving that is at odds with a procedural approach; it requires thinking deeply about the topic and crafting solutions to unique problems. It is not easy to move from a topic-based, carefully-curated curriculum to the daunting world of independent research, where solutions are unknown and may not even exist. In developing this book, we considered our experience as graduate students that faced this transition.Exercises in Statistical Reasoning is a collection of exercises designed to strengthen creative problem-solving skills. The exercises are designed to encourage readers to understand the key points of a problem while seeking knowledge, rather than separating out these two activities. To complete the exercises, readers may need to reference the literature, which is how research-based knowledge is often acquired.Features of the Exercises: The exercises are self-contained, though several build upon concepts from previous problems. Each exercise opens with a brief introduction that emphasizes the relevance of the content. Then, the problem statement is presented as a series of intermediate questions. For each exercise, we suggest one possible solution, though many may exist. Following each solution, we discuss the historical background of the content and points of interest. For many exercises, a brief demonstration is provided that illustrates relevant concepts. There is an abundance of high-quality textbooks that cover a vast range of statistical topics. However, there is also a lack of texts that focus on the development of problem-solving techniques that are required for conducting novel statistical research. We believe that this book helps fill the gap. Any reader familiar with graduate-level classical and Bayesian statistics may use this book. The goal is to provide a resource that such students can use to ease their transition to conducting novel research.
Bayesian Statistics
Bayesian Statistics: The Basics provides a comprehensive yet accessible introduction to Bayesian statistics, specifically tailored for any researcher with an interest in statistical methods. It covers the theoretical foundations of Bayesian inference, contrasting it with classical statistical methods like null hypothesis significance testing. The book emphasizes key concepts such as prior and posterior distributions, Bayes' theorem, and the Bayes factor, making them understandable even for readers with minimal mathematical backgrounds.Methodologically, the book offers practical, step-by-step guides on how to conduct Bayesian analyses using the free software package JASP. Each chapter focuses on applying Bayesian methods to common research designs with real-world data. Readers will benefit from the clear examples, visualizations, and JASP screenshots that ensure the learning experience is interactive and easy to follow.Full of practical content, the book emphasizes the advantages of Bayesian model comparison over traditional approaches, especially in quantifying evidence for competing hypotheses. Readers will also learn how to perform sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of different prior assumptions on their results.By the end of the book, readers will get both the theoretical understanding and practical skills to implement Bayesian methods in their own research, making it an invaluable resource for both novice and experienced researchers studying Bayesian Statistics.
Concepts of Function Theory
This textbook presents a direct path from real analysis of one variable to function theory. Classical topics of one-dimensional real analysis, such as differential and integral calculus, are largely presented from a complex perspective. The goal is a self-contained exposition extending to the Runge theorems and the dynamics of entire functions. Short sections appended to each chapter on concepts of function theory provide glimpses into higher-dimensional analysis and an impression of its universal significance for mathematics. The book is structured so that parts can also serve as a basis for a seminar. Thus, this fascinating area of mathematics becomes accessible to students whose programs do not focus on mathematics and for whom a classical introduction to function theory would be too time-consuming. This book enables them to take a step into complex analysis, through which they can recognize a multitude of connections that remain hidden in real analysis. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.
Game Theory Explained
This book provides an introduction to the mathematical theory of games using both classical methods and optimization theory. Employing a theorem-proof-example approach, the book emphasizes not only results in game theory, but also how to prove them.Part 1 of the book focuses on classical results in games, beginning with an introduction to probability theory by studying casino games and ending with Nash's proof of the existence of mixed strategy equilibria in general sum games. On the way, utility theory, game trees and the minimax theorem are covered with several examples. Part 2 introduces optimization theory and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions and illustrates how games can be rephrased as optimization problems, thus allowing Nash equilibria to be computed. Part 3 focuses on cooperative games. In this unique presentation, Nash bargaining is recast as a multi-criteria optimization problem and the results from linear programming and duality are revived to prove the classic Bondareva-Shapley theorem. Two appendices covering prerequisite materials are provided, and a 'bonus' appendix with an introduction to evolutionary games allows an instructor to swap out some classical material for a modern, self-contained discussion of the replicator dynamics, the author's particular area of study.
Higher Recursion Theory and Set Theory
This volume celebrates the research contributions of Professors Theodore A Slaman and W Hugh Woodin, marking their distinguished careers in higher recursion theory and set theory as they approached the milestone of their 65th birthdays in 2019. It originates from the Institute for Mathematical Sciences program, Higher Recursion Theory and Set Theory, held at the National University of Singapore (May 20-June 14, 2019).The program explored cutting-edge developments in higher recursion theory, set theory, and their intricate interconnections. Topics discussed during the workshop included Martin's conjecture, higher randomness, the HOD conjecture, descriptive inner model theory, and the Ultimate-L program.This volume presents 15 peer-reviewed contributions by leading experts in the field, offering a comprehensive overview of recent advances in higher recursion theory and set theory, with a focus on their dynamic interactions.
Select Ideas in Partial Differential Equations
This book provides a concise but thorough introduction to partial differential equations which model phenomena that vary in both space and time. The author begins with a full explanation of the fundamental linear partial differential equations of physics. The text continues with methods to understand and solve these equations leading ultimately to the solutions of Maxwell's equations. The author then addresses nonlinearity and provides examples of separation of variables, linearizing change of variables, inverse scattering transform, and numerical methods for select nonlinear equations. Next, the book presents rich sources of advanced techniques and strategies for the study of nonlinear partial differential equations. This second edition includes updates, additional examples, and a new chapter on reaction-diffusion equations. Ultimately, this book is an essential resource for readers in applied mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering who are interested in learning about the myriad techniques that have been developed to model and solve linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.
Mathematical Theory of Compressible Fluids on Moving Domains
Geometric Gems (V3)
Our physical world is embedded in a geometric environment. Plane geometry has many amazing wonders beyond those that are briefly touched on at school. The circle, one of the basic aspects of geometry, has a plethora of unexpected curiosities, which the authors present in an easily understandable fashion requiring nothing more than the very basics of school geometry to appreciate these curiosities and their justifications or proofs.The book is intended to be widely appreciated by a general readership, whose love for geometry should be greatly enhanced through exploring these many unexpected relationships. Geometric Gems is also suitable for mathematics teachers, to enhance the education of their students with these highly motivating circle properties.
Geometric Gems (V3)
Our physical world is embedded in a geometric environment. Plane geometry has many amazing wonders beyond those that are briefly touched on at school. The circle, one of the basic aspects of geometry, has a plethora of unexpected curiosities, which the authors present in an easily understandable fashion requiring nothing more than the very basics of school geometry to appreciate these curiosities and their justifications or proofs.The book is intended to be widely appreciated by a general readership, whose love for geometry should be greatly enhanced through exploring these many unexpected relationships. Geometric Gems is also suitable for mathematics teachers, to enhance the education of their students with these highly motivating circle properties.
Fuzzy Mathematics
This book aims to introduce readers without a strong mathematical background to the basic ideas of fuzzy set theory and logic. Fuzzy mathematics is the mathematics of vagueness, a universal property of this world. There are many objects that are called vague because they cannot be precisely defined. Since vagueness is so common, a tool is needed to describe it and to effectively deal with it. Fuzzy mathematics is such a tool, and it is used by most researchers and scholars. As such, this book provides a short overview of the field written for non-specialists. This book allows readers to delve into the theory of fuzzy sets and introduces core mathematical ideas without using the usual formalities of books in mathematics, i.e. theorems, proofs, etc.
Space-Time Algebra of Sedeons
This book is a comprehensive guide to the space-time algebra of sixteen-component values "sedeons". This algebra is designed to provide a compact representation of equations that describe various physical systems. The book considers the symmetry of physical quantities concerning the operations of spatial and temporal inversion. This approach allows the formulation of a wide class of mathematical physics equations within a unified framework and enables the generalization of these equations for essential problems in electrodynamics, hydrodynamics, plasma physics, field theory, and quantum mechanics. In particular, it is shown that the broken symmetry between electricity and magnetism in electrodynamics equations is a result of choosing an asymmetric representation of these phenomena. The sedeonic algebra enables the formulation of Maxwell-like equations for the fields with a nonzero mass of quantum, which facilitates the calculation of energy for baryon-baryon interaction and the semi-classical interpretation of this interaction. It also allows one to generalize the hydrodynamics equations for the case of vortex turbulent flows and for a hydrodynamic two-fluid model of electron-ion plasma.
State-of-the-Art of Mathematical Modeling, Dynamics, and Control of Wind Turbines Engineering
Lectures on the H-Cobordism Theorem
Important lectures on differential topology by acclaimed mathematician John Milnor These are notes from lectures that John Milnor delivered as a seminar on differential topology in 1963 at Princeton University. These lectures give a new proof of the h-cobordism theorem that is different from the original proof presented by Stephen Smale. Milnor's goal was to provide a fully rigorous proof in terms of Morse functions. This book remains an important resource in the application of Morse theory.
Convexity and Its Applications in Discrete and Continuous Optimization
Using a pedagogical, unified approach, this book presents both the analytic and combinatorial aspects of convexity and its applications in optimization. On the structural side, this is done via an exposition of classical convex analysis and geometry, along with polyhedral theory and geometry of numbers. On the algorithmic/optimization side, this is done by the first ever exposition of the theory of general mixed-integer convex optimization in a textbook setting. Classical continuous convex optimization and pure integer convex optimization are presented as special cases, without compromising on the depth of either of these areas. For this purpose, several new developments from the past decade are presented for the first time outside technical research articles: discrete Helly numbers, new insights into sublinear functions, and best known bounds on the information and algorithmic complexity of mixed-integer convex optimization. Pedagogical explanations and more than 300 exercises make this book ideal for students and researchers.
Jewish Calendar Mathematics
This book begins with a short overview of calendars in general, and then delves deeply into Jewish calendar structure and mathematics. Details of how Torah portions are scheduled and how the structured triennial Torah reading and haftorah reading cycles work are explained. A comprehensive explanation of the calendrical aspects of Jewish holidays as well as the relationships between them and non-Jewish holidays is included. There are fourten appendices which allow even greater visibility into the material than does the main narrative by itself. This volume also includes substantial new material absent from the book's predecessor. A glossary is provided.
Lectures on K瓣hler Groups
An introduction to the state of the art in the study of K瓣hler groups This book gives an authoritative and up-to-date introduction to the study of fundamental groups of compact K瓣hler manifolds, known as K瓣hler groups. Approaching the subject from the perspective of a geometric group theorist, Pierre Py equips readers with the necessary background in both geometric group theory and K瓣hler geometry, covering topics such as the actions of K瓣hler groups on spaces of nonpositive curvature, the large-scale geometry of infinite covering spaces of compact K瓣hler manifolds, and the topology of level sets of pluriharmonic functions. Presenting the most important results from the past three decades, the book provides graduate students and researchers with detailed original proofs of several central theorems, including Gromov and Schoen's description of K瓣hler group actions on trees; the study of solvable quotients of K瓣hler groups following the works of Arapura, Beauville, Campana, Delzant, and Nori; and Napier and Ramachandran's work characterizing covering spaces of compact K瓣hler manifolds having many ends. It also describes without proof many of the recent breakthroughs in the field. Lectures on K瓣hler Groups also gives, in eight appendixes, detailed introductions to such topics as the study of ends of groups and spaces, groups acting on trees and Hilbert spaces, potential theory, and L2 cohomology on Riemannian manifolds.
Theory of Stochastic Integrals
In applications of stochastic calculus, there are phenomena that cannot be analyzed through the classical It繫 theory. It is necessary, therefore, to have a theory based on stochastic integration with respect to these situations.Theory of Stochastic Integrals aims to provide the answer to this problem by introducing readers to the study of some interpretations of stochastic integrals with respect to stochastic processes that are not necessarily semimartingales, such as Volterra Gaussian processes, or processes with bounded p-variation among which we can mention fractional Brownian motion and Riemann-Liouville fractional process.Features Self-contained treatment of the topic Suitable as a teaching or research tool for those interested in stochastic analysis and its applications Includes original results.
