Advances in Micro and Nano Manufacturing
Micro- and nanomanufacturing technologies have been researched and developed in the industrial environment with the goal of supporting product miniaturization and the integration of new functionalities. The technological development of new materials and processing methods needs to be supported by predictive models which can simulate the interactions between materials, process states, and product properties. In comparison with the conventional manufacturing scale, micro- and nanoscale technologies require the study of different mechanical, thermal, and fluid dynamics, phenomena which need to be assessed and modeled.This Special Issue is dedicated to advances in the modeling of micro- and nanomanufacturing processes. The development of new models, validation of state-of-the-art modeling strategies, and approaches to material model calibration are presented. The goal is to provide state-of-the-art examples of the use of modeling and simulation in micro- and nanomanufacturing processes, promoting the diffusion and development of these technologies.
Wastewater Treatment
This book examines the state-of-the-art water and wastewater treatment methods that can be applied to develop a sustainable treatment technique in the future. Of the several high-quality articles submitted, twelve were published after the peer-review process, with an acceptance rate of 59 percent.In the first section of this book, the articles include the occurrence and removal of emerging contaminants in water bodies. Moreover, the presence of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water sources is discussed in detail. Subsequently, the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and dye with different physicochemical methods is investigated. In another section of this book, the removal of ammonia with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is studied. Additionally, the elimination of heavy metals using the adsorption process, as an effective method, is discussed. Moreover, the performance of membrane bioreactors in the elimination of pollutants from landfill leachate is investigated in another article in this book. In addition to this, green and sustainable wastewater technologies (GSWTs) have recently attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, nanoremediation and microalgae-based systems are discussed as the GSWTs.
Protection of Future Electricity Systems
The electrical energy industry is undergoing dramatic changes: massive deployment of renewables, increasing share of DC networks at transmission and distribution levels, and at the same time, a continuing reduction in conventional synchronous generation, all contribute to a situation where a variety of technical and economic challenges emerge. As the society's reliance on electrical power continues to increase as a result of international decarbonisation commitments, the need for secure and uninterrupted delivery of electrical energy to all customers has never been greater. Power system protection plays an important enabling role in future decarbonized energy systems. This book includes ten papers covering a wide range of topics related to protection system problems and solutions, such as adaptive protection, protection of HVDC and LVDC systems, unconventional or enhanced protection methods, protection of superconducting transmission cables, and high voltage lightning protection. This volume has been edited by Adam Dyśko, Senior Lecturer at the University of Strathclyde, UK, and Dimitrios Tzelepis, Research Fellow at the University of Strathclyde.
Marine Power Systems
Marine power systems have been designed to be a safer alternative to stationary plants in order to adhere to the regulations of classification societies. Marine steam boilers recently achieved 10 MPa pressure, in comparison to stationary plants, where a typical boiler pressure of 17 MPa was the standard for years. The latest land-based, ultra-supercritical steam boilers reach 25 MPa pressure and 620 簞C temperatures, which increases plant efficiency and reduces fuel consumption. There is little chance that such a plant concept could be applied to ships. The reliability of marine power systems has to be higher due to the lack of available spare parts and services that are available for shore power systems. Some systems are still very expensive and are not able to be widely utilized for commercial merchant fleets such as COGAS, mainly due to the high cost of gas turbines. Submarine vehicles are also part of marine power systems, which have to be reliable and accurate in their operation due to their distant control centers. Materials that are used in marine environments are prone to faster corrosive wear, so special care also should be taken in this regard. The main aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the options and possibilities of utilizing energy in a more economical way, taking into account the reliability of such a system in operation.
Thermal-Hydraulics in Nuclear Fusion Technology
In nuclear fusion technology, thermal-hydraulics is a key discipline employed in the design phase of the systems and components to demonstrate performance, and to ensure the reliability and their efficient and economical operation. ITER is in charge of investigating the transients of the engineering systems; this included safety analysis. The thermal-hydraulics is required for the design and analysis of the cooling and ancillary systems such as the blanket, the divertor, the cryogenic, and the balance of plant systems, as well as the tritium carrier, extraction and recovery systems.This Special Issue collects and documents the recent scientific advancements which include, but are not limited to: thermal-hydraulic analyses of systems and components, including magneto-hydrodynamics; safety investigations of systems and components; numerical models and code development and application; codes coupling methodology; code assessment and validation, including benchmarks; experimental infrastructures design and operation; experimental campaigns and investigations; scaling issue in experiments.
3D Printing Technologies
The family of technologies collectively known as additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, and often called 3D-printing technologies, is rapidly revolutionizing industrial production. AM's potential to produce intricate and customized parts starting from a digital 3D model makes it one of the main pillars for the forthcoming Industry 4.0. Thanks to its advantages over traditional manufacturing methodologies, AM finds potential applicability in virtually all production fields. As a natural consequence of this, research in this field is primarily focused on the development of novel materials and techniques for 3D printing. This Special Issue of Technologies, titled "3D Printing Technologies", aims at promoting the latest knowledge in materials, processes, and applications for AM. It is composed of six contributions, authored by influential scientists in the field of advanced 3D printing. The intended audience includes professors, graduate students, researchers, engineers and specialists working in the field of AM.
The Lindahl Letter
Greetings, inspired reader of machine learning glory. If you made it here, then thank you for the consideration. This weighty tome of my insights covers my weekly thoughts on machine learning. Pretty much everybody seemed to be writing a Substack when I began this endeavor at the start of 2021. It seemed like a great time to start writing a regular weekly publication. You should be able to find fresh content every Friday throughout for the foreseeable future online. I expect to be publishing a post related to machine learning, artificial intelligence, or business strategy. This manuscript you are reading the description for right now contains all my 2021 missives in one curated collection for hours of reading joy. Assuming you have the digital version of this the links should be easy to click and are all shared as footnotes within the chapters. If you have a physical copy of this book which by the way I appreciate that you have, then you will be required to type the links out into an internet browser manually. My series of weekly posts was compiled into a manuscript. Each post has been edited from the original form into a more publication friendly format. Substack as a platform provides a lot of freedom to include links and embedded content that does not translate into the written page.
Micro/Nano Devices for Blood Analysis, Volume II
The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis continues to be a growing interdisciplinary subject that demands the careful integration of different research fields. Following the success of the book "Micro/Nano Devices for Blood Analysis", we invited more authors from the scientific community to participate in and submit their research for a second volume. Researchers from different areas and backgrounds cooperated actively and submitted high-quality research, focusing on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis; micro- and nanofluidics; technologies for flow visualization and diagnosis; biochips, organ-on-a-chip and lab-on-a-chip devices; and their applications to research and industry.
Magnetic Nanomaterials
The constant search for innovative magnetic materials increasingly leads to the creation of highly engineered systems built in different forms (films, wires, particles), structured on the nanoscale in at least one spatial direction, and often characterized by the coexistence of two or more phases that are magnetically and/or structurally different. In magnetic systems, the nanometric structural characteristics of the constituent elements, together with the type and strength of the magnetic interactions between them, determine the overall magnetic behavior and can lead to the appearance of unexpected and amazing magnetic phenomena. Indeed, the study of the magnetic properties of nanomaterials continues to arouse great interest for their intriguing fundamental properties and prospective technological applications.This Special Issue contributes to broadening the knowledge on magnetic nanomaterials, demonstrating the breadth and richness of this research field as well as the growing need to address it through an interdisciplinary approach. The papers collected in this book (two reviews and eight regular articles) report cutting-edge studies on the production and characterization of a variety of novel magnetic nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanocomposites, thin films and multilayers), which have the potential to play a key role in different technologically advanced sectors, such as biotechnology, nanomedicine, energy, spintronics, data storage, and sensors.
High Performance Concrete
The innovations in construction materials that have been made due to the development of different varieties of concrete have led to innovations in structural applications and design. This Special Issue mainly focuses on state-of-the-art research progress in high-performance concrete, including the effect and characteristics of fibers on the properties of high-performance concrete, the CO2 curing efficiency of high-performance cement composites, and the effect of nano materials when used in ultra-high-performance concrete. This Special Issue also contains two comprehensive review articles covering the following topics: the role of supplementary cementitious materials in ultra-high-performance concrete and recent progress in nanomaterials in cement-based materials. Readers working towards conducting research on innovative construction materials will be exposed to findings related to this topic in this Special Issue.
Advances in Computational Intelligence Applications in the Mining Industry
This book captures advancements in the applications of computational intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc.) to problems in the mineral and mining industries. The papers present the state of the art in four broad categories: mine operations, mine planning, mine safety, and advances in the sciences, primarily in image processing applications. Authors in the book include both researchers and industry practitioners.
Wave Interactions with Coastal Structures
Due to the ongoing rise in sea level and increases in extreme wave climates, which consequently change the wave climate, coastal structures such as sea dikes and seawalls are exposed to severe and frequent sea storms. Even though much research related to wave-structure interactions has been carried out, it remains one of the most important and challenging topics in the field of coastal engineering. The recent publications in the Special Issue "Wave Interactions with Coastal Structures" in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering include a wide range of research, including theoretical/mathematical, experimental, and numerical work related to the interaction between sea waves and coastal structures. These publications address conventional coastal hard structures in deep water zones as well as those located in shallow water zones, such as wave overtopping over shallow foreshores with apartment buildings on dikes. The research findings presented help to improve our knowledge of hydrodynamic processes, and the new approaches and developments presented here will be good benchmarks for future work.
Environmental Odour
Environmental odour is perceived as a major nuisance by rural as well as urban populations. The sources of odourous substances are manifold. In urban areas, these include restaurants, small manufacturing trades, and other sources, which might cause complaints. In the suburbs, wastewater treatment plants, landfill sites, and other infrastructures are the expected major odour sources. These problems are often caused be the accelerated growth of cities. In rural sites, livestock farming and the spreading of manure on the fields is blamed for severe odour annoyance. In fact, environmental odours are considered to be a common cause of public complaints by residents to local authorities, regional, or national environmental agencies. This Special Issue of Atmosphere will address the entire chain, from the quantification of odour sources, abatement methods, the dilution in the atmosphere, and the assessment of odour exposure for the assessment of annoyance. In particular, this Special Issue aims to encourage contributions dealing with field trials and dispersion modeling to assess the degree of annoyance and the quantitative success of abatement measures.
Assessment of Socio-Economic Sustainability and Resilience after COVID-19
The pandemic period has caused severe socio-economic damage, but it is accompanied by environmental deterioration that can also affect economic opportunities and social equity. In the face of this double risk, future generations are ready to be resilient and make their contribution not only on the consumption side, but also through their inclusion in all companies by bringing green and circular principles with them. Policy makers can also favor this choice.
Biogas for Rural Areas
Bioenergy is renewable energy obtained from biomass-any organic material that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is among the biofuels that can be obtained from biomass resources, including biodegradable wastes like manure, sewage sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, slaughterhouse waste, crop residues, and more recently lignocellulosic biomass and algae. Within the framework of the circular economy, biogas production from biodegradable waste is particularly interesting, as it helps to save resources while reducing environmental pollution. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for arable land with food crops (in contrast with energy crops). Hence, they constitute a novel source of biomass for bioenergy.Biogas plants may involve both high-tech and low-tech digesters, ranging from industrial-scale plants to small-scale farms and even households. They pose an alternative for decentralized bioenergy production in rural areas. Indeed, the biogas produced can be used in heaters, engines, combined heat and power units, and even cookstoves at the household level. Notwithstanding, digesters are considered to be a sustainable technology that can improve the living conditions of farmers by covering energy needs and boosting nutrient recycling. Thanks to their technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits, rural biogas plants have been spreading around the world since the 1970s, with a large focus on farm-based systems and households. However, several challenges still need to be overcome in order to improve the technology and financial viability.
Nano-Engineering Solutions for Dental Implant Applications
Nano-engineering offers unique solutions for biomedical implants to meet compromised patient conditions via enhanced bioactivity and local drug release. This book presents the cutting-edge nano-engineered dental implant solutions that has the potential to ensure long-term success of dental implants while maintaining clinical translatability. From surface modification of titanium/zirconium dental implants to advanced therapeutic enhancements to treat infection and poor integration, this book advances the field of dental implant nano-engineering, showcasing current trends and future directions.
Emerging Trends in Beverage Processing
Emerging Trends in Beverage Processing describes several non-thermal emerging technologies and biotechnologies. The use of non-thermal technologies represnts the future of food processing because due to the ability of such technologies to increase the shelf life, preserving nutritional and sensory quality. This book considers several promising technologies, such as: hyperbaric storage, ultrasound, high pressure homogeneization, pulsed light, cold plasma and pulsed electric fields, together with other emerging biotechnologies.
Introduction to Cyber-Security
Digital information and data processing, storage and transmission are already at the core of most modern enterprises and most individuals have significant digital footprints. Computer-based information networks operating in cyber-space (interconnected on the Internet) are at the core of modern businesses many of which operate across countries and continents. Government and human development enterprises (health, education, etc.) depend critically on Internet-based operations. The traditional systems of in-house applications and data storage are rapidly being replaced by shared or independent Cloud services. However, these highly beneficial developments in information technology also come with a variety of cyber-threats. The risks may originate from personal cyber-habits, employees, clients and contractors, or external cyber-criminals; they may result from deliberate acts or human errors. Irrespective of the source or cause, the consequences can be devastating, ranging valuable or sensitive data loss, or disruption of operations of sensitive infrastructure. Cyber-crime is increasingly weaponized to extract ransom payment or cripple sensitive infrastructure of enemy nation states. Cyber-security has emerged as a major technology discipline and, with the exponential rate of personal and corporate migration to cyber-space, incidents of cyber-crime are projected to grow at a similar rate. This introductory book presents a comprehensive overview of the digital cyber-space, evaluation of the extent of cyber-threats, the critical information technology practices and infrastructure that facilitate cyber-attacks, the main criminal actors and their strategies, and current status and trends in cyber-defense strategies for protecting the digital world.
Marketing Policies for Agroforestry Product Development in Oyo State, Nigeria. An Analysis
Master's Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Forestry / Forestry Economics, University of Ibadan, course: FOREST ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT, language: English, abstract: The study will focus on Marketing policies influences on Agroforestry product development in Oyo State with a view to developing this sector of the state economy. In 1899, the first forest reserve in Nigeria named Gambari Forest Reserve was constituted and located in the Oyo State. The study was carried out to analyse marketing policies for Agroforestry product development in three purposively selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Akinyele, Oluyole and Ogbomosho in Oyo State, Nigeria. In 1985, Abu found out that agroforestry practice in Gambari forest reserve Area of Oyo State Nigeria provided an annual income of N941.55 per farm. Although, conflicts do come between cultivating trees and raising agricultural crops, many agroforestry system allow farmers to integrate trees in to their farming systems and in some cases the trees increase overall farm productivity. But regrettably economic policy still discriminates seriously against agriculture and forestry in most developing countries by shifting the domestic terms of trade against the sector. What this does is to cause farmers and policy makers a like to undervalue the land and other natural resources. It is no wonder, then, that farmers do not attempt to develop their productive potential instead set out to mine them and move on (shifting cultivation). Similarly, government interventions in provision of agroforestry products negates market emergence: the consequences of these policies should be high on our research agenda. It was not until the late 1990 that the Government farmer's orgnisation and private sector together established a new quality modus operandi. Nigeria has now been attracted to the concept of adding value to its cocoabean by processing them locally for export as butter, cake and powder. Several factories were built o
Denim Washing. Terminologies, Technologies, and Sustainability Issues
Document from the year 2021 in the subject Engineering - Chemical Engineering, language: English, abstract: This book is written focusing on the process of denim washing, which is one of the vital stages for producing fashionable and comfortable denim items. This book is not to provide detailed knowledge regarding denim washing; however, it will certainly be conducive for primary learners to understand the basic concepts, available washing technologies, and their sustainability issues. In fact, in this book, a chapter entitled "Terminologies of Denim Washing' is presented so that primary readers can be introduced to different terms related to the denim washing process. Besides, a chapter entitled "Cutting Edge Technologies' is presented in this book and will hopefully be beneficial for academicians to know the different types of modern concepts on denim washing, even though details are not targeted in this work. Denim is a world-renowned textile with a significant added value. Twill weave, indigo-dyed warp, and white weft yarns are used to make this fabric. It is one of the world's oldest fabrics and is worn by people of all ages. Because modern consumers want apparel that not only looks nice but also feels well, a variety of treatment processes are utilized to finish denim fabrics, striving for new conceivable fabric appearance and comfort effects. One of the most significant finishing steps for denim items is washing, which gives them a worn look and a softer hand. This work describes the historical background of denim and denim washing. Besides, the significance and limitations of denim washing are also presented. Finally, future aspects of denim washing are mentioned in brief.
Time-Frequency Analysis of Electroencephalograph (EEG) for Feature Optimization
Document from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Biomedical Engineering, grade: 3.0, language: English, abstract: Electroencephalograph (EEG) has been widely used for BCI applications due to its non-invasiveness, ease of implementation, and cost-efficiency. The collected EEG signal is non-stationary and has task-related information buried in the frequency and temporal domains. In this book, we focused on developing time-frequency decomposition methods for improving the feature extraction module in BCI systems. The obtained features are then optimized by identifying subject-specific reactive band and employing evolutionary algorithm-based methods for optimizing the obtained features, improving the BCI systems' performance. A signal model named as band-limited multiple Fourier linear combiner (BMFLC) is employed to model the non-stationarity in the EEG signal for feature extraction. The non-stationary amplitude oscillation is presented as adaptive weights in the model and estimated with various adaptive filters such as least-mean square (LMS), Kalman filter (KF), or Kalman Smoother (KS). The estimated coefficients serve as features for classification. Our results suggest that the BMFLC-LMS, BMFLC-KF, and BMFLC-KS are all sufficient in modeling EEG signal in the band with average estimation accuracies of 93%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. We modelled motion-induced EEG signal in frequency domain. We found that most subjects present a subject- specific reactive band during motion tasks. We then constructed features for a classifier that used only the frequency information in the subject-specific reactive band. As a result, the classification accuracy of the BCI system is improved compared to the system which uses the complete band information. Features obtained from multiple EEG channels need to be optimized to enhance the performance of the BCI systems. Essentially, two problems need to be resolved: 1) volume conduction; 2) dimensionality. The volume conduction
Impact Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 15, No. 1, 2021
This is a research Journal of Science and Technology. It covers all brances of Science and Technology. It publishes original research Papers on all branches of Science and Technology.
Pumping Capacity Upgrade for Chad
Project Report from the year 2021 in the subject Engineering - System Science, grade: 3.8, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, language: English, abstract: This work gives a reference for the management practice that will guide the Chad-Cameroon pumping capacity upgrade project. It includes the project organization structure, techniques, roles and responsibilities associated to the management activities that will be performed. It also describes how the proposed project will be controlled. Additionally, the report explains management activities intended to ensure that processes and procedures are defined, and their execution will be continuously monitored, corrected if necessary and implemented, based on a common standard. The main sections of the Chad-Cameroon upgrade will be the construction of a pipeline between Kom矇 and Dompla to boost the capacity of the Doba-Kom矇-Belabo-Dompla (Chad-Cameroon) pipeline, along with new and/or improved gas terminals and compressor stations together with installation of cathodic protection and a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) telecommunications monitoring system. This report provides front-end loading engineering services for the development of an existing pipeline to transport crude oil between a refinery storage facility and a barge loading facility. This upgrade will allow bidirectional flow in the pipeline and boost flow rate capacity. The Chad- Cameroon upgrade plan includes integrating pipeline and storage terminal improvements.
Flash Memory Devices
Flash memory devices have represented a breakthrough in storage since their inception in the mid-1980s, and innovation is still ongoing. The peculiarity of such technology is an inherent flexibility in terms of performance and integration density according to the architecture devised for integration. The NOR Flash technology is still the workhorse of many code storage applications in the embedded world, ranging from microcontrollers for automotive environment to IoT smart devices. Their usage is also forecasted to be fundamental in emerging AI edge scenario. On the contrary, when massive data storage is required, NAND Flash memories are necessary to have in a system. You can find NAND Flash in USB sticks, cards, but most of all in Solid-State Drives (SSDs). Since SSDs are extremely demanding in terms of storage capacity, they fueled a new wave of innovation, namely the 3D architecture. Today "3D" means that multiple layers of memory cells are manufactured within the same piece of silicon, easily reaching a terabit capacity. So far, Flash architectures have always been based on "floating gate," where the information is stored by injecting electrons in a piece of polysilicon surrounded by oxide. On the contrary, emerging concepts are based on "charge trap" cells. In summary, flash memory devices represent the largest landscape of storage devices, and we expect more advancements in the coming years. This will require a lot of innovation in process technology, materials, circuit design, flash management algorithms, Error Correction Code and, finally, system co-design for new applications such as AI and security enforcement.
Development and Investigation of Novel Logic-in-Memory and Nonvolatile Logic Circuits Utilizing Hafnium Oxide-Based Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors
Not only conventional computer architectures, such as the von-Neumann architecture with its inevitable von-Neumann bottleneck, but likewise the emerging field of edge computing require to substantially decrease the spatial separation of logic and memory units to overcome power and latency shortages. The integration of logic operations into memory units (Logic-in-Memory), as well as memory elements into logic circuits (Nonvolatile Logic), promises to fulfill this request by combining high-speed with low-power operation. Ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) based on hafnium oxide prove to be auspicious candidates for the memory elements in applications of that kind, as those nonvolatile memory elements are CMOS-compatible and likewise scalable. This work presents implementations that merge logic and memory by exploiting the natural capability of the FeFET to combine logic functionality (transistor) and memory ability (nonvolatility).
Advanced Techniques and Efficiency Assessment of Mechanical Processing
Mechanical processing is just one step in the value chain of metal production, but to some exten, t it determines an effectiveness of separation through suitable preparation of the raw material for beneficiation processes through production of required particle sze composition and useful mineral liberation. The issue is mostly related to techniques of comminution and size classification, but it also concerns methods of gravity separation, as well as modeling and optimization. Technological and economic assessment supplements the issue.
Catalysts and Processes for H2S Conversion to Sulfur
Today, more stringent regulations on SOx emissions and growing environmental concerns have led to considerable attention on sulfur recovery from hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide is commonly found in raw natural gas and biogas, even if a great amount is obtained through sweetening of sour natural gas and hydrodesulphurization of light hydrocarbons. It is highly toxic, extremely corrosive and flammable, and for these reasons, its elimination is necessary prior to emission in atmosphere. There are different technologies for the removal of H2S, the drawbacks of which are the high costs and limited H2S conversion efficiency. The main focus of this Special Issue will be on catalytic oxidation processes, but the issue is devoted to the development of catalysts able to maximize H2S conversion to sulfur minimizing SO2 formation, pursuing the goal of "zero SO2 emission".This Special Issue is particularly devoted to the preparation of novel powdered/structured supported catalysts and their physical-chemical characterization, the study of the aspects concerning stability and reusability, as well as the phenomena that could underlie the deactivation of the catalyst. This Special Issue comprises seven articles, one communication, and one review regarding the desulfurization of sour gases and fuel oil, as well as the synthesis of novel adsorbents and catalysts for H2S abatement. In the following, a brief description of the papers included in this issue is provided to serve as an outline to encourage further reading.
Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability-Volume 3
To cope with the challenges of climate change, it is essential to assess climate-induced impacts and explore possible solutions. Remote sensing techniques are capable of monitoring, collecting, interpreting, and mapping the physical characteristics of Earth's surface and its associated spatiotemporal variations. These techniques outperform many data acquisition techniques in overcoming spatial and geographic constraints. The adoption of remote sensing techniques strengthens the capacity for climate change mitigation and adaptation and facilitates evidence-based climate governance. This book presents the use of different kinds of remote sensing techniques to obtain original data across global, regional, city, or local scales for exploring climate-related issues such as sea level variation, sea ice dynamics, drought, extreme heat and precipitation, ecosystem services and carbon sequestration, forest and vegetation cover, coastal subsidence, atmospheric carbon monoxide, soil erosion and runoff, and urban heat islands. This book is important to demonstrate the use of remote sensing techniques for revealing climate-related risks and vulnerabilities. Meanwhile, results reported in this book provide a good understanding of the climate emergency situations, drivers, and solutions. We expect the book to benefit decision makers, practitioners, and researchers in different fields such as climate modeling and prediction, forest ecosystem, land management, urban planning and design, urban governance, and institutional operations. Prof. Bao-Jie He acknowledges that Project NO. 2021CDJQY-004 is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and that Project NO. 2022ZA01 is supported by the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, China. We appreciate the assistance from Mr. Lifeng Xiong, Mr. Wei Wang, Ms. Xueke Chen, and Ms. Anxian Chen at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, China.
Israa Robotic System
One of the most challenges in the robotic system is robot localization. It is the first step in robot navigation strategies. Its importance has been noted in a wide variety of applications, An efficient localization system must localize the robot precisely. In this book, the localization procedure and the structure of the proposed robot are explained. Pairs of low-cost sensors are used to build the suggested system. The light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensors are equipped with the robot base and the light-emitting diodes (LED) sensors are prepared for the environment as a grid of various sizes. The location of each LED in the environment is known since they are connected as a grid and each LED in the grid is identified. The modified Binary search algorithm is used to control the turning on the lights of the white-LEDs array to decrease the localized time. The robot localization is accomplished by utilizing the guideline of finding the focal point of a circle with three knowing focuses or the new strategy for finding the focal point of a circle with two knowing focuses and the radius of the circle.
The Complete Writings of Charles Dudley Warner (Volume I)
This book has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies and hence the text is clear and readable.
Advanced Techniques for Design and Manufacturing in Marine Engineering
Modern engineering design processes are driven by the extensive use of numerical simulations; naval architecture and ocean engineering are no exception. Computational power has been improved over the last few decades; therefore, the integration of different tools such as CAD, FEM, CFD, and CAM has enabled complex modeling and manufacturing problems to be solved in a more feasible way. Classical naval design methodology can take advantage of this integration, giving rise to more robust designs in terms of shape, structural and hydrodynamic performances, and the manufacturing process.This Special Issue invites researchers and engineers from both academia and the industry to publish the latest progress in design and manufacturing techniques in marine engineering and to debate the current issues and future perspectives in this research area. Suitable topics for this issue include, but are not limited to, the following: - CAD-based approaches for designing the hull and appendages of sailing and engine-powered boats and comparisons with traditional techniques;- Finite element method applications to predict the structural performance of the whole boat or of a portion of it, with particular attention to the modeling of the material used;- Embedded measurement systems for structural health monitoring;- Determination of hydrodynamic efficiency using experimental, numerical, or semi-empiric methods for displacement and planning hulls;- Topology optimization techniques to overcome traditional scantling criteria based on international standards;- Applications of additive manufacturing to derive innovative shapes for internal reinforcements or sandwich hull structures.
Wearable and BAN Sensors for Physical Rehabilitation and eHealth Architectures
The demographic shift of the population towards an increase in the number of elderly citizens, together with the sedentary lifestyle we are adopting, is reflected in the increasingly debilitated physical health of the population. The resulting physical impairments require rehabilitation therapies which may be assisted by the use of wearable sensors or body area network sensors (BANs). The use of novel technology for medical therapies can also contribute to reducing the costs in healthcare systems and decrease patient overflow in medical centers. Sensors are the primary enablers of any wearable medical device, with a central role in eHealth architectures. The accuracy of the acquired data depends on the sensors; hence, when considering wearable and BAN sensing integration, they must be proven to be accurate and reliable solutions. This book is a collection of works focusing on the current state-of-the-art of BANs and wearable sensing devices for physical rehabilitation of impaired or debilitated citizens. The manuscripts that compose this book report on the advances in the research related to different sensing technologies (optical or electronic) and body area network sensors (BANs), their design and implementation, advanced signal processing techniques, and the application of these technologies in areas such as physical rehabilitation, robotics, medical diagnostics, and therapy.
Implementation of Sensors and Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Hazards Assessment in Urban, Agriculture and Forestry Systems
The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), together with robotics, sensors, sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT), and machine/deep learning modeling, has reached the forefront of research activities, moving towards the goal of increasing the efficiency in a multitude of applications and purposes related to environmental sciences. The development and deployment of AI tools requires specific considerations, approaches, and methodologies for their effective and accurate applications. This Special Issue focused on the applications of AI to environmental systems related to hazard assessment in urban, agriculture, and forestry areas.
The Technological System
Some 20 years after writing The Technological Society, Jacques Ellul realized how the totalistic dimensions of our modern technological milieu required an additional treatment of the topic. Writing amidst the rise of books in the 1970s on pollution, over-population, and environmental degradation, Ellul found it necessary, once again, to write about the global presence of technology and its far-reaching effects. The Technological System represents a new stage in Ellul's research. Previously he studied technological society as such; in this book he approaches the topic from a systems perspective wherein he identifies the characteristics of technological phenomena and technological progress in light of system theory. This leads to an entirely new approach to what constitutes the most important event of our society which has decisive bearing on the future of our world. Ellul's analysis touches on all aspects of modern life, not just those of a scientific or technological order. In the end, readers are compelled to formulate their own opinions and make their own decisions regarding the way a technique-based value system affects every level of human life.
New Environmentally-Friendly and Sustainable Materials
One of the great challenges of contemporary society is establishing a sustainable way of life in harmony with the environment without compromising economic growth and technological development. On the other hand, the increase in the world population has driven per capita consumption, and consequently, the generation of waste. Because of this, new materials are being developed from different types of waste.This Special Issue aims to highlight and share recent scientific findings in the area of "New Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Materials" manufactured from different material types (polymers, ceramics, metallics, and composites) and urban, industrial, mining and agricultural wastes. Moreover, scientific topics such as improving performance and durability, materials characterization, hybrid materials, foams and porous materials, trends and advances, and mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and thermal properties will also be accepted.
Consuming Landscapes
What we see through our windshields reflects ideas about our national identity, consumerism, and infrastructure.For better or worse, windshields have become a major frame for viewing the nonhuman world. The view from the road is one of the main ways in which we experience our environments. These vistas are the result of deliberate historical forces, and humans have shaped them as they simultaneously sought to be transformed by them. In Consuming Landscapes, Thomas Zeller explores how what we see while driving reflects how we view our societies and ourselves, the role that consumerism plays in our infrastructure, and ideas about reshaping the environment in the twentieth century.Zeller breaks new ground by comparing the driving experience and the history of landscaped roads in the United States and Germany, two major automotive countries. He focuses specifically on the Blue Ridge Parkway in the United States and the German Alpine Road as case studies. When the automobile was still young, an early twentieth-century group of designers--landscape architects, civil engineers, and planners--sought to build scenic infrastructures, or roads that would immerse drivers in the landscapes that they were traversing. As more Americans and Europeans owned cars and drove them, however, they became less interested in enchanted views; safety became more important than beauty. Clashes between designers and drivers resulted in different visions of landscapes made for automobiles. As strange as it may seem to twenty-first-century readers, many professionals in the early twentieth century envisioned cars and roads, if properly managed, as saviors of the environment. Consuming Landscapes illustrates how the meaning of infrastructures changed as a result of use and consumption. Such changes indicate a deep ambivalence toward the automobile and roads, prompting the question: can cars and roads bring us closer to nature while deeply altering it at the same time?
Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook-General
The Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook-General (FAA-H-8083-30A)(released in 2018) is the latest revision developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as one of a series of three handbooks for persons preparing for the certification exams required for obtaining an Aviation Maintenance Technician (AMT) certificate with Airframe or Powerplant rating or both (FAA A&P license). It is intended that this handbook will provide basic information on principles, fundamentals, and technical procedures in the subject matter areas common to both the airframe and powerplant ratings. Emphasis in this volume is on theory and methods of application.The handbook is designed to aid students enrolled in a formal course of instruction preparing for FAA certification as a maintenance technician as well as for current technicians who wish to improve their knowledge. This volume contains information on mathematics, aircraft drawings, weight and balance, aircraft materials, processes and tools, physics, electricity, inspection, ground operations, and FAA regulations governing the certification and work of maintenance technicians. New to this volume is a section addressing how successful aviation maintenance technicians incorporate knowledge and awareness of ethics, professionalism and human factors in the field.The companion handbooks to Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook-General (FAA-H-8083-30A) are the Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook-Airframe (FAA-H-8083-31A, Vol 1 and Vol 2), and the Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook-Powerplant (FAA-H-8083-32A, Vol 1 and Vol 2).The handbook content is available for download, in pdf format, from www.faa.gov. Handbook Features: Size: 8.5 x 11 inches, 698 pages. Cover: paperback, glossy.Full Color Printing.
Pumping Capacity Upgrade for Chad-Cameroon Pipeline. Second-Generation Drag Reduction Agent (DRA) Technology
Project Report from the year 2021 in the subject Engineering - System Science, grade: 3.9, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, language: English, abstract: This paper examines the idea of increasing the pumping capacity of the Chad-Cameroon pipeline system by using second-generation drag reduction agent (DRA) technology. Evidence shows that it is technologically feasible to upgrade the pipeline system to a capacity of 500,000 barrels per day (bpd) for the cost of $364.4 million. This capacity assumes the use of both the TOTCO and COTCO pipelines, the report also presents several lower capacities, and lower cost options. The upgrades will take at least 42 months to install and commission. The pipeline upgrade has numerous important strategic benefits that can help enhance the Chad-Cameroon pipeline's reputation as a more stable, and reliable oil producer in the world market. In total, the Project would consist of approximately 664 miles of new, 36-inch diameter pipeline within the Chad and Cameroon. The proposed Project would have an initial capacity to deliver up to 500,000 barrels per day (bpd) of Doba's oil field from the proposed Kom矇 crossing to existing oil terminals in Dompla and Belabo. Existing binding commitments for the Project amount to 250,000 bpd of crude oil and as demand for Chad-Cameroon pipeline oil increases, the pipeline would increase its load, up to its initial capacity of 500,000 bpd. The Project could ultimately transport up to 700,000 bpd of crude oil through the proposed pipeline upgrade by adding additional pumping capacity if warranted by future market demand. The Project requires 18 new pump stations, 36 intermediate mainline valves (MLVs) of which 24 are check valves located downstream of major river crossings, approximately 50 permanent access roads and approximately 30 temporary access roads, one tank farm and two crude oil delivery sites.
Contracting and Safety
This open access book examines the increase in outsourcing, contracting and subcontracting as ways of organising work. It explores the impact of these employment arrangements on public safety, particularly when they are linked to complex supply networks in a range of engineering industries including oil and gas, nuclear power and aviation. The brief provides practical recommendations on how best to manage arrangements that target short-term profitability and also maintain excellence in long-term safety outcomes. The brief is a source of advice for organisations on how to maximise the benefits and minimise long-term system reliability issues that can be introduced by contracting and outsourcing, rather than assuming it to be a wholly negative or positive practice. Contracting and Safety comprises qualitative, empirical studies focusing on high-reliability organisation. As such, this brief provides a rich picture of the experience of working in complexsupply chains. It will be of interest to researchers in industrial safety, as well as safety professionals and project managers within engineering industries.
The Bread and Biscuit Baker's and Sugar-Boiler's Assistant; Including a Large Variety of Modern Recipes
This book has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies and hence the text is clear and readable.
The Art of Confectionary; Shewing the Various Methods of Preserving All Sorts of Fruits, Dry and Liquid; viz. Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, Golden Pippins, Wardens, Apricots Green, Almonds, Goosberries, C
This book has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies and hence the text is clear and readable.
Introduction to Logistics Systems Management
INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT The updated new edition of the award-winning introductory textbook on logistics system management Introduction to Logistics Systems Management provides an in-depth introduction to the methodological aspects of planning, organization, and control of logistics for organizations in the private, public and non-profit sectors. Based on the authors' extensive teaching, research, and industrial consulting experience, this classic textbook is used in universities worldwide to teach students the use of quantitative methods for solving complex logistics problems. Fully updated and revised, the third edition places increased emphasis on the complexity and flexibility required by modern logistics systems. In this context, the extensive use of data, descriptive analytics, predictive models, and optimization techniques will be invaluable to support the decisions and actions of logistics and supply chain managers. Throughout the book, brand-new case studies and numerical examples illustrate how various methods can be used in industrial and service logistics to reduce costs and improve service levels. The book: includes new models and techniques that have emerged over the past decade; describes methodologies for logistics decision making, forecasting, logistics system design, procurement, warehouse management, and freight transportation management; includes end-of-chapter exercises, Microsoft(R) Excel(R) files and Python(R) computer codes for each algorithm covered; includes access to a companion website with additional exercises, links to video tutorials, and supplementary teaching material. To facilitate creation of course material, additional LaTeX source data containing the formulae, optimization models, tables and algorithms described in the book is available to instructors. Introduction to Logistics Systems Management, Third Edition remains an essential textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in engineering, computer science, and management science courses. It is also a highly useful reference for academic researchers and industry practitioners alike.
Cities
This book collects important contributions on smart cities. This book was created in collaboration with the ICSC-CITIES2020, held in San Jos矇 (Costa Rica) in 2020. This book collects articles on: energetic efficiency and sustainability; infrastructures, energy and the environment; mobility and IoT; governance and citizenship.
ISO 9001 for all Fast food Restaurants
This EASY to understand book is ideal for all (Employees & Employers) and other people who are new to ISO 9001, (International Standard) who want to get more out of an established Quality Management System (QMS). Particularly for employees who just need a basic understanding of what ISO 9001 is and how it applies to them. This Book was written so that anyone at any level of the organization can get to the heart of the standard's requirements and how they apply to the organization quickly and simply.
Distributed Systems and Mobile Computing
The book is about Distributed Systems and Mobile Computing. This is a branch of Computer Science devoted to the study of systems whose components are in different physical locations and have limited communication capabilities. Such components may be static, often organized in a network, or may be able to move in a discrete or continuous environment. The theoretical study of such systems has applications ranging from swarms of mobile robots (e.g., drones) to sensor networks, autonomous intelligent vehicles, the Internet of Things, and crawlers on the Web. The book includes five articles. Two of them are about networks: the first one studies the formation of networks by agents that interact randomly and have the ability to form connections; the second one is a study of clustering models and algorithms. The three remaining articles are concerned with autonomous mobile robots operating in continuous space. One article studies the classical gathering problem, where all robots have to reach a common location, and proposes a fast algorithm for robots that are endowed with a compass but have limited visibility. The last two articles deal with the evacuations problem, where two robots have to locate an exit point and evacuate a region in the shortest possible time.
Impact of Climate Change on Cattle and Mitigation Strategies
Academic Paper from the year 2022 in the subject Agrarian Studies, language: English, abstract: This review was focused to assess the current status of climate change impact on production and reproduction performance of Cattle under Global condition. Climate is one of the determining factors for production and reproduction in farm animals throughout the world. Its effect is higher in cattle than in other ruminants. Cattle, beef and dairy can be affected by heat stress, particularly in feedlot situations or when grazing fescue-infected pastures. Climate change affects both male and female reproductive performance of cattle by altering their physiological process. In contrast of this, cattle are the most contributors for climate change causes than other farm animal. To minimize climate change impacts on animal(cattle), the climate adaptation and mitigation measures such as diversification of animals (within species), using different crop varieties, and shifting to mixed crop-livestock systems, improving productive and reproductive indexes (reducing age on slaughter, age at first calving and calving interval), increasing the longevity of reproductive cows; improving the genetic merit, improving quality and type of feed and provide ventilation, water, and shading seem to be the most promising adaptation and mitigation measures.
