Repair and Maintenance of Buildings with NDT methods
This book gives information regarding importance of repair and maintenance of buildings. The book suggests various types of repairing practices that will be helpful for the building users which when implemented will increase the life of the building. Maintenance is also an important criteria, which when timely done helps in increasing the service life of building and the building users gets a sigh of satisfaction. The NDT methods used here gives information regarding the quality of the elements of structure, which in turn indicates whether repair is needed or maintenance will do the job.
eThekwini’s Green and Ecological Infrastructure Policy Landscape
Chapter 1. Green and ecological infrastructure and water security at municipal level: An overview.- Chapter 2. Paradigms, theories and their utility.- Chapter 3. The PULSE3 analytical framework.- Chapter 4. eThekwini's green and ecological infrastructure policy landscape.
Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Lightweight Alloys
A comprehensive survey of the metallurgical and weldability issues associated with the welding of lightweight alloys The use of lightweight alloys commonly appears in numerous industries, including aerospace, defense, automotive, energy, electronics, and healthcare. The increasing and broader utilization of these high-performance materials and the need to effectively join these alloys is of utmost importance to these industries in order to enhance product functionality and operational efficiency, limit failures, and perhaps decrease cost. Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Lightweight Alloys is an essential resource for those seeking a strong fundamental and applied knowledge of this important skill--from weldability principles to the practical selection of materials, and from welding processes to process parameters, as well as post-weld processing to optimize weld properties and performance. The book also provides an in-depth discussion of the influence of alloy chemical composition, welding process, and associated thermal cycles on weld solidification, solid-state phase transformation, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties. Finally, the authors delve into the origin and prevention of weld defects, such as porosity, and how to conduct a proper failure analysis of the welded lightweight alloy structures. Welding Metallurgy and Weldability readers will also find: Description of applications of welding metallurgy principles using practical problem-solving Case studies that illustrate the lessons described in the book Coverage of the welding and joining of composites and intermetallics according to the aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloy systems Exploration of tests for weld solidification cracking, HAS liquidation cracking, and solid-state cracking A large number of photos, graphical presentations, and data to support and enhance discussionWelding Metallurgy and Weldability is a useful textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, and a helpful reference for engineers, scientists, and technicians.
Mechanic’s words in five languages
Mechanic's dictionary with English, Norwegian, Northern Sami, Swedish and Finnish.
Mekanikerord p疇 fem spr疇k
Mechanic's dictionary with Norwegian, Northern Sami, English, Swedish and Finnish. Descriptions in Norwegian.
Mekanihkk獺rs獺nit viđa gillii
Mechanic's dictionary with Northern Sami, Norwegian, English, Swedish and Finnish. Descriptions in North Sami and Norwegian.
Materials and Contact Characterisation X
With the aim to facilitate the dissemination of research from both academia and the industrial community, presented works from the 10th International Conference on Computational Methods and Experiments in Material and Contact Characterisation are included in this book. These papers discuss the latest developments in this rapidly advancing field.The demand for high-quality production for both industry and consumers has led to rapid developments in materials science and engineering. This requires the characterisation of the properties of the materials.Of particular interest to industry and society is the knowledge of the surface treatment and contact mechanics of these materials to determine the in-service behaviour of components subject to contact conditions. Modern society requires systems that operate at conditions that use resources effectively. In terms of components durability, the understanding of surface engineering wear frictional and lubrication dynamics has never been so important.Current research is focussed on modifications technologies that can increase the surface durability of materials. The characteristics of the system reveal which surface engineering methods should be chosen and as a consequence, it is essential to study the combination of surface treatment and contact mechanics.Combinations of different experimental techniques as well as computer simulation methods are essential to achieve a proper analysis. A very wide range of materials, starting with metals through polymers and semiconductors to composites, necessitates a whole spectrum of characteristic experimental techniques and research methods.Topics covered include: Experimental and measurement techniques; Mechanical testing and characterisation; Composites; Characterisation at multiple scales; Corrosion and erosion; Damage, fatigue and fracture; Recycled and reclaimed materials; Emerging materials and processing technology; Materials for energy systems; Contact mechanics; Coatings and surface treatments; Tribology and design; Biomechanical characterisation and applications; Residual stresses; Polymers and plastics; Computational methods and simulation; Biological materials; Evaluation and material processing.
Memorial Volume for Shoucheng Zhang
This book honors the remarkable science and life of Shoucheng Zhang, a condensed matter theorist known for his work on topological insulators, the quantum Hall effect, spintronics, superconductivity, and other fields. It contains the contributions displayed at the Shoucheng Zhang Memorial Workshop held on May 2-4, 2019 at Stanford University.
Ethical Hacking Beginner
There are a lot of books on the market intended for people who want to hack. A lot of them have one thing in common: they delude you into thinking there's any one way to hack. The fact is that that's not a tale which is really congruent with reality. Hacking: the ultimate beginner's guide to learn hacking effectively instead teaches you to be the best hacker you can be, because it doesn't hold your hand. Here is a preview of what you'll discover...- The basics of hacking including common terms and misconceptions- How to hack passwords- Ethical hacking versus criminal hacking- Passive and active attacks- Some practical uses for hacking- How to map out your own hack to find vulnerabilities in the system- Some simple spoofing and man in the middle attack techniques- Popular tools and software you should use when starting out with hacking- And more!Do you want to learn how to hack? Look no further than hacking: tips and tricks to learn hacking quickly and efficiently. There are a lot of books out there on the market that will tell you that they're the ultimate guide to learning how to hack, but what they actually turn out to be are hand-holding guides that teach you nothing practical about the art itself. By the end, you know how to do a few really esoteric procedures, but are left knowing little about the how or why.
Fire-Rescue 59
Most firefighters join the fire service when they are young-their teens or early twenties. Alan Knoche was an exception in that he joined when he was in his late thirties. He had a lot of catching up to do, but with life experiences in the Navy, the submarine service, and working at a nuclear power facility behind him, he quickly progressed from rookie to assistant fire chief.A top responder in a volunteer fire department that answered an average of two emergency calls a day, he fought fires, cut people out of crushed automobiles, and rescued victims from everything from a quarry collapse to a gumball machine. As an EMT, he also responded to thousands of medical and trauma calls and helped people who were experiencing the worst day of their lives.These stories relate some of the emergencies he faced on his "second job." They are gritty, often challenging, and sometimes sad, but actual life-threatening incidents are seldom pleasant. That's not to say it's all serious. The occasional humorous or comical event is what helps emergency responders cope with the catastrophic and tragic sights they see on a daily basis.The men and women he served with are some of the most dedicated, talented, resourceful, skilled, and sometimes insane people you could ever hope to show up when you're having your worst day. They made these stories possible.
Generation of Electric Energy
The Isolated Systems - SISOL, which in the context of the electric grid are those localities not connected to the National Interconnected System - SIN, are mostly concentrated in the northern region of the country, more specifically in the state of Amazonas. These locations are affected by several problems, such as: energy deficit, high energy prices and large emissions of pollutants. At the same time, the wrong destination of Urban Solid Waste - USW in the state of Amazonas is a still existing problem. Given the above, the present work aimed to analyze the feasibility of generating electricity, from MSW, in SISOL Amazonas.
Ethical Hacking
Popular computer hackers are generally in agreeance about what makes a strong contender in the hacking culture. Among these are a certain attitude, which we go in-depth on. However, we also teach the things that they say are most conducive to being an effective hacker. By the end of the book, we're certain that the reader understands the basic of important concepts such as network hacking, allowing the user to connect to any computer worldwide and exploit it from the comfort of their terminal. Throughout these chapters you will learn- How to become an ethical hacker- The evil sides of criminal hacking- How to circumvent passwords not only on a computer but from other devices as well- Getting into a network through different means- Active hacking versus passive hacking- Frequent mistakes made with hacking and how to avoid them- Developing the right hacker mindset- And more!It is to be used for ethical hacking and not malicious activities. If you have ever been curious about hacking and have wanted to learn the art of the hack, then you have found the right book. We live in a world where everything is interconnected. Back in the day, we relied on the government and major organizations to provide enough security for our personal data. This is no longer feasible in a world where the security agencies themselves are the major targets of malicious hackers.
Turbo/Supercharger Compressors and Turbines for Aircraft Propulsion in WWII
This book is a unique blend of history, technology review, theoretical fundamentals, and design guide. The subject matter is primarily piston aeroengine superchargers - developed in Germany during the Second World War (WWII) - which are centrifugal compressors driven either by the main engine crankshaft or by an exhaust gas turbine. The core of the book is an unpublished manuscript by Karl Kollmann, who was a prominent engineer at Daimler-Benz before and during the war.Dr. Kollmann's manuscript was discovered by Calum Douglas during his extensive research for his earlier book on piston aeroengine development in WWII. It contains a wealth of information on aerothermodynamic and mechanical design of centrifugal compressors in the form of formulae, charts, pictures, and rules of thumb, which, even 75 years later, constitute a valuable resource for engineering professionals and students.In addition to the translation of the original manuscript from German, the authors have completely overhauled the chapters on the aerothermodynamics of centrifugal compressors so that the idiosyncratic coverage (characteristic of German scientific literature at that time) is familiar to a modern reader. Furthermore, the authors added chapters on exhaust gas turbines (for turbo-superchargers), piston aeroengines utilizing them, and turbojet gas turbines.Drawing upon previously unpublished material from the archived German documents, those chapters provide a concise but technically precise and informative look into those technologies, where great strides were made in Germany during the war. In summary, the coverage is intended to be useful not only to history buffs with a technical bent but also to the practicing engineers and engineering students to help with their day-to-day activities in this particular field of turbomachinery.
Low-Complexity Arithmetic Circuit Design in Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Technology
This book introduces readers to the emerging carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) technology, and examines the problem of designing efficient arithmetic circuits in CNTFET technology. Observing that CNTFETs make it possible to achieve two distinct threshold voltages merely by altering the diameter of the carbon nanotube used, the book begins by discussing the design of basic ternary logic elements. It then examines efficient CNTFET-based design of single and multiple ternary digit adders by judicious choice of unary operators in ternary logic, as well as the design of a ternary multiplier in CNTFET technology, and presents detailed simulation results in HSPICE. Lastly, the book outlines a procedure for automating the synthesis process and provides sample code in Python.
Advances in Antimicrobial Coatings
This book is motivated by our passion to compile recent research on antimicrobial surfaces. We aimed to assemble research papers on the preparation of new materials, antimicrobial testing using different pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and the relationship between the coating nanostructure and its reactivity towards the studied pathogen(s). We believe that a good antimicrobial coating should by characterized by (i) a fast activity towards the pathogen, (ii) sustainable activity based on the stability of the coating, and (iii) the lowest possible toxicity for humans and reduced risks for the environment. Striking a compromise between these different challenges is difficult and requires more research.
Introduction to Thermoacoustic Devices
Oscillations of gas and/or liquid columns in a flow channel can lead to various phenomena such as Stirling cycle heat engines, pulse tube refrigerators, as well as thermally induced gas oscillations like Sondhauss tube and Rijke tube. Although those phenomena may look different from each other, they can be universally described by the concepts of work flow and heat flow. Work flow stands for the acoustic power used in acoustics. Heat flow is the energy flow associated with the hydrodynamic transport of entropy. These energy flows help us to understand the thermoacoustic phenomena and construct acoustical heat engines.The book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how the oscillations of gas and/or liquid columns make possible the mutual energy conversions between work flow and heat flow through thermal interactions between fluids and channel walls. The thermodynamic aspects of energy flows are highlighted by introducing Lagrangian point of view to explain the thermodynamic cycles that the fluid parcels undergo. The relevant experimental results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis based on basic equations of fluid dynamics.
Advances in Design by Metallic Materials
Very recently, a great deal of attention has been paid by researchers and technologists to trying to eliminate metal materials in the design of products and processes in favor of plastics and composites. After a few years, it is possible to state that metal materials are even more present in our lives and this is especially thanks to their ability to evolve. This Special Issue is focused on the recent evolution of metals and alloys with the scope of presenting the state of the art of solutions where metallic materials have become established, without a doubt, as a successful design solution thanks to their unique properties.
Perovskites and other framework structure crystalline materials - part B
This book (part A and partB, the present one) was written by 76 authors, among best specialists of the field, at the intention of academics, researchers, engineers, graduated and undergraduated students wishing to update their knowledge and understanding of the covered class of materials. It presents perovskites but also other Framework Structure crystalline materials (based on units that share their corners with neighbours). Perovskites are among the most famous materials due to their exceptional properties: they present nearly all existing types of interesting properties, in particular as ferroics or multiferroics, they may be insulators, (super)conductors, or semiconductors, magnetoresistant, they are used in numerous devices, they present hundreds of variants and different crystalline phases and phase transitions, and recently appeared as probably the most promising materials for photovoltaics. After part A Fundamental aspects and general properties, we present part B (the present one) Elaborated materials and applied properties, containing 14 chapters. Examples of elaborated materials belonging to the family of Framework Structure materials are presented (with potential applications), and their preparation and/or properties as single crystals, ceramics, thin films, multilayers, nanomaterials, nanofibers, nanorods, etc, are discussed. We focus on new trends and important recent developments by leaving somewhat aside more classical aspects which can be easily found in older textbooks or review articles. Among applications we focus on molecules encapsulation, gas adsorption, photovoltaics, typical applications related to ferroelectricity, and memory devices. In conclusion, this book presents a collection of texts elucidating various aspects of the relation between structural organization (including dynamical aspects) and singular properties of framework crystals. The volume proposes a reasonable balance between fundamental aspects (part A) and applied properties (part B). It can be approached on several levels (each chapter initially assumes that the reader is not a specialist in the subject and is presented in a pedagogical way): it is accessible to master or doctoral students, as well as to researchers who want to have informations on recent developments. It may be used also by undergraduate students who should approach given subjects. This part contains the general index and preface and is completed by numerous figures to illustrate the text.
Bioinspired Nanomaterials
Biological synthesis employing microorganisms, fungi or plants is an alternative method to produce nanoparticles in low-cost and eco-friendly ways. The book covers the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanostructures and nanocomposite materials, as well as the stability and characterization of bioinspired nanomaterials. Applications include optical and electrochemical sensors, packaging, SERS and drug delivery processes.Keywords: Bioinspired Nanomaterials, Metal Nanoparticles, Metal Oxide Nanostructures, Nanocomposite Materials, Microbicidal Activity, Drug Delivery, Packaging Applications, SERS Applications, Fluorescent Biosensing, Quantum Dots. Bio-Imaging, Electrochemical Sensors.
Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering
Geotechnical engineering has become an important discipline of civil engineering due to its rapid advancements and environmental challenges. Special emphasis is placed on innovative materials in the fields of geotechnical engineering, pavement engineering, health monitoring of structures and sustainability.Keywords: Green Building Materials, Cement Based Materials, Concrete Applications, Photocatalytic Effect on Paver Blocks, Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil, Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns, Cenosphere, Fly Ash Brick, Stone Columns, Reinforced Concrete Beams, Interlocking Masonry Units, Lightweight Filler Materials, Soil Stabilization Using Fibres, Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum and Magnesium.
Introduction to Digital Music with Python Programming
Introduction to Digital Music with Python Programming provides a foundation in music and code for the beginner. It shows how coding empowers new forms of creative expression while simplifying and automating many of the tedious aspects of production and composition.With the help of online, interactive examples, this book covers the fundamentals of rhythm, chord structure, and melodic composition alongside the basics of digital production. Each new concept is anchored in a real-world musical example that will have you making beats in a matter of minutes.Music is also a great way to learn core programming concepts such as loops, variables, lists, and functions, Introduction to Digital Music with Python Programming is designed for beginners of all backgrounds, including high school students, undergraduates, and aspiring professionals, and requires no previous experience with music or code.
Pr獺ticas Laboratoriais para Materiais de Constru癟瓊o Civil
O estudo dos materiais de constru癟瓊o e suas propriedades f穩sicas s瓊o de extremaimport璽ncia para a correta especifica癟瓊o e utiliza癟瓊o dos mesmos em obras de engenharia. O controle tecnol籀gico de uma constru癟瓊o permite a verifica癟瓊o da conformidade das especifica癟繭es dos materiais utilizados, garantindo o correto desempenho estrutural, ambiental e sua durabilidade. Durante a forma癟瓊o do(a) estudante, as aulas experimentais permitem ao futuro(a)engenheiro(a) o contato com os principais materiais que ir獺 trabalhar durante sua vida profissional. Nessa etapa, deve-se entender melhor sobre o comportamento mec璽nico desses materiais para as distintas aplica癟繭es no mercado de trabalho.
Incidencia del agua, ripio, arena y diferentes tiempos de curado, en la calidad del hormig籀n para la construcci籀n
El Cant籀n Pedernales, Provincia de Manab穩 tuvo consecuencias nefastas por el terremoto ocurrido en abril del 2016, sus construcciones civiles tuvieron secuelas severas que no soportaron este desastre natural de magnitud 7,8 en la escala de Richter, arriesgando la vida de las personas y afectando a la econom穩a de la comunidad. La presente investigaci籀n analiza la incidencia de los materiales provenientes del Cant籀n Pedernales: agua, ripio, arena en diferentes tiempos de curado manteniendo como factor constante el cemento en las mezclas, mediante un an獺lisis factorial 2⁴ de efectos fijos que permite probar que factores e interacciones influyen en la calidad del hormig籀n, medida a trav矇s de la resistencia de la compresi籀n axial simple en Mpa, obteniendo as穩 16 tratamientos con 2 r矇plicas, para tener 32 cilindros de hormig籀n.
3D Audio
3D Audio offers a detailed perspective of this rapidly developing arena. Written by many of the world's leading researchers and practitioners, it draws from science, technologies, and creative practice to provide insight into cutting-edge research in 3D audio. Through exploring the intersection of these fields, the reader will gain insight into a number of research areas and professional practice in 3D sonic space. As such, the book acts both as a primer that enables readers to gain an understanding of various aspects of 3D audio, and can inform students and audio enthusiasts, but its deep treatment of a diverse range of topics will also inform professional practitioners and academics beyond their core specialisms. The chapters cover areas such as an Ambisonics, binaural technologies and approaches, psychoacoustics, 3D audio recording, composition for 3D space, 3D audio in live sound, broadcast, and movies - and more. Overall, this book offers a definitive insight into an emerging sound world that is increasingly becoming part of our everyday lives.
International Environmental Labelling Vol.5 Cleaning
This book is dedicated to the subject of environmental labels. The basis for the classification of its parts goes back to the types of environmental labelling according to the classification provided by the International Organization for Standardization. The idea of compiling this book came to the author's mind when it was observed that national environmental labelling models had been developed in most countries. This is, however, not the case everywhere; in many other countries, even the initial steps have not been taken.
International Environmental Labelling Vol.6 Stationery
This book is dedicated to the subject of environmental labels. The basis for the classification of its parts goes back to the types of environmental labelling according to the classification provided by the International Organization for Standardization. The idea of compiling this book came to the author's mind when it was observed that national environmental labelling models had been developed in most countries. This is, however, not the case everywhere; in many other countries, even the initial steps have not been taken.
International Environmental Labelling Vol.6 Stationery
This book is dedicated to the subject of environmental labels. The basis for the classification of its parts goes back to the types of environmental labelling according to the classification provided by the International Organization for Standardization. The idea of compiling this book came to the author's mind when it was observed that national environmental labelling models had been developed in most countries. This is, however, not the case everywhere; in many other countries, even the initial steps have not been taken.
International Environmental Labelling Vol.5 Cleaning
This book is dedicated to the subject of environmental labels. The basis for the classification of its parts goes back to the types of environmental labelling according to the classification provided by the International Organization for Standardization. The idea of compiling this book came to the author's mind when it was observed that national environmental labelling models had been developed in most countries. This is, however, not the case everywhere; in many other countries, even the initial steps have not been taken.
Just the Facts
This textbook is designed as a very brief introduction to the concepts of environmental science from ecosystems, to life processes, to chemical processes, to recycling, to the water cycle and treatment, to sustainability, to pest control, to issues and solutions, to pollution and environmental laws. Each of the 30 chapters are covered in readings of two to five pages long. Additionally, the book provides access to a very complete glossary of terms used in environmental science. Instructors and students using the text can download a complementary set of PowerPoint presentations which go with each chapter to illustrate concepts.
Applications on Ultrasonic Wave
This book presents applications on the ultrasonic wave for material characterization and nondestructive evaluations. It could be of interest to the researchers and students who are studying on the fields of ultrasonic waves.
Designing Hybrid Nanoparticles
In the last few years, several "bottom-up" and "top-down" synthesis routes have been developed to produce tailored hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs). This book provides a new insight into one of the most promising "bottom-up" techniques, based on a practical magnetron-sputtering inert-gas-condensation method. A modified magnetron-sputtering-based inert-gas-condensation (MS-IGC) system is presented, and its performances under different conditions are evaluated. Designed for graduate students, researchers in physics, materials science, biophysics and related fields, and process engineers, this new resource fills a critical need to understand the fundamentals behind the design and tailoring of the nanoparticles produced by the MS-IGC method. It shows that the morphology, the size and the properties of the nanoparticles can be modulated by tuning the deposition parameters such as the energy, the cooling rate, and the collision and coalescence processes experienced by the nanoparticles during their formation. The mechanisms of formation of different HNPs are suggested, combining the physico-chemical properties of the materials with the experimental conditions. This book illustrates the potential of MS-IGC method to synthesize multifunctional nanoparticles and nanocomposites with accurate control on their morphology and structure. However, for a better understanding of HNPs formation, further improvements in characterization methods of aggregation zone conditions are needed. In addition, the optimization of the yield and harvesting process of HNPs is essential to make this method sufficiently attractive for large-scale production.
Physics and the Environment
Physics and the Environment directly connects the physical world to environmental issues that the world is facing today and will face in the future. It shows how the first and second laws of thermodynamics limit the efficiencies of fossil fuel energy conversions to less than 100%, while also discussing how clever technologies can enhance overall performance. It also extensively discusses renewable forms of energy, their physical constraints and how we must use science and engineering as tools to solve problems instead of opinion and politics. Dr. Kyle Forinash takes you on a journey of understanding our mature and well developed technologies for using fossil fuel resources and how we are unlikely to see huge gains in their efficiency as well as why their role in climate change ought to be an argument for their replacement sooner rather than later. He also discusses the newest technologies in employing renewable resources and how it is important to understand their physical constrains in order to make a smooth transition to them. An entire chapter is dedicated to energy storage, a core question in renewable energy as well as another chapter on the technical issues of nuclear energy. The book ends with a discussion on how no environmental solution, no matter how clever from a technical aspect, will succeed if there are cheaper alternative, even if those alternatives have undesirable features associated with them.
Capture and Relaxation in Self-Assembled Semiconductor Quantum Dots
This is an overview of different models and mechanisms developed to describe the capture and relaxation of carriers in quantum-dot systems. Despite their undisputed importance, the mechanisms leading to population and energy exchanges between a quantum dot and its environment are not yet fully understood. The authors develop a first-order approach to such effects, using elementary quantum mechanics and an introduction to the physics of semiconductors. The book results from a series of lectures given by the authors at the Master's level.
Nonlinear Optics of Photonic Crystals and Meta-Materials
The study of dark matter, in both astrophysics and particle physics, has emerged as one of the most active and exciting topics of research in recent years. This book reviews the history behind the discovery of missing mass (or unseen mass) in the Universe, and ties this into the proposed extensions to the Standard Model of Particle Physics (such as Supersymmetry), which were being proposed within the same time frame. This book is written as an introduction to these problems at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics, with the goal of conveying the physics of dark matter to beginning undergraduate majors in scientific fields. The book goes onto describe existing and upcoming experiments and techniques, which will be used to detect dark matter either directly on indirectly.
A Journey into Reciprocal Space
The concept of reciprocal space is over 100 years old, and has been of particular use by crystallographers in order to understand the patterns of spots when x-rays are diffracted by crystals. However, it has a much more general use, especially in the physics of the solid state. In order to understand what it is, how to construct it and how to make use of it, it is first necessary to start with the so-called real or direct space and then show how reciprocal space is related to it. Real space describes the objects we see around us, especially with regards to crystals, their physical shapes and symmetries and the arrangements of atoms within: the so-called crystal structure. Reciprocal space on the other hand deals with the crystals as seen through their diffraction images. Indeed, crystallographers are accustomed to working backwards from the diffraction images to the crystal structures, which we call crystal structure solution. In solid state physics, one usually works the other way, starting with reciprocal space to explain various solid-state properties, such as thermal and electrical phenomena. In this book, I start with the crystallographer's point of view of real and reciprocal space and then proceed to develop this in a form suitable for physics applications. Note that while for the crystallographer reciprocal space is a handy means of dealing with diffraction, for the solid-state physicist it is thought of as a way to describe the formation and motion of waves, in which case the physicist thinks of reciprocal space in terms of momentum or wave-vector k-space. This is because, for periodic structures, a characteristic of normal crystals, elementary quantum excitations, e.g. phonons and electrons, can be described both as particles and waves. The treatment given here, will be by necessity brief, but I would hope that this will suffice to lead the reader to build upon the concepts described. I have tried to write this book in a suitable form for both undergraduate and graduate students of what today we call "condensed matter physics."
Nanoscopic Electrofocusing for Bio-Nanoelectronic Devices
The ability to arrange precisely designed patterns of nanoparticles into a desired spatial configuration is the key to creating novel nanoscale devices that take advantage of the unique properties of nanomaterials. While two-dimensional arrays of nanoparticles have been demonstrated successfully by various techniques, a controlled way of building ordered arrays of three-dimensional (3D) nanoparticle structures remains challenging. This book describes a new technique called the 'nanoscopic lens' which is able to produce a variety of 3D nano-structures in a controlled manner. This ebook describes the nanoscopic lens technique and how it can serve as the foundation for device development that is not limited to a variety of optical, magnetic and electronic devices, but can also create a wide range of bio-nanoelectronic devices.
Spectral Music Design
Processing audio in the spectral domain has become a practical proposition for a variety of applications in computer music, composition, and sound design, making it an area of significant interest for musicians, programmers, sound designers, and researchers. While spectral processing has been explored already from a variety of perspectives, previous approaches tended to be piecemeal: some dealt with signal processing details, others with a high-level music technology discussion of techniques, some more compositionally focused, and others at music/audio programming concerns. As author Victor Lazzarini argues, the existing literature has made a good footprint in the area but has failed to integrate these various approaches within spectral audio. In Spectral Sound Design: A Computational Approach, Lazzarini provides an antidote. Spectral Sound Design: A Computational Approach gives authors a set of practical tools to implement processing techniques and algorithms in a balanced way, covering application aspects as well the fundamental theory that underpins them, within the context of contemporary and electronic music practice. The book employs a mix of Python for prototyping and Csound for deployment and music programming. The tight integration of these three languages as well as the wide scope offered by the combination (going from embedded to supercomputing, and including web-based and mobile applications) makes it the go-to resource to deal with the practical aspects of the subject.
Crafting Masculine Selves
Against the backdrop of four decades of continuous conflict in Afghanistan, the Pashtun male protagonists of this book carry out their daily effort to internally negotiate, adjust (if at all), and respond to the very strict cultural norms and rules of masculinity that their androcentric social environment enjoins on them. Yet, in a widespread context of war, displacement, relocation, and social violence, cultural expectations and stringent tenets on how to comport oneself as a "real man" have a profound impact on the psychological equilibrium and emotional dynamics of these individuals. This book is a close investigation into these private and at times contradictory aspects of subjectivity. Stemming from five years of research in a southeastern province of Afghanistan, it presents a long-term, psychodynamic engagement with a select group of male Pashtun individuals, which results in a multilayered dive not only into their inner lives, but also into the cultural and social environment in which they live and develop. Behind the screen of what often seems like outward conformity, Andrea Chiovenda is able to point to areas of strong inner conflict, ambivalence, and rebellion, which in turn will serve as the seeds for cultural and social change. These dynamics play out in a setting in which what was considered legitimate and justifiable violence on the battlefield has now spilled over into everyday life, even among non-combatants.
The Citizen-Soldier in War and Peace
The Citizen Soldier in War and Peace is a is a short historical look at the use of firearms in America and throughout the world this book appeals to anybody who believes in the Second Amendment or who is interested in the historical use of firearms. It begins with the use of guns for hunting and self-protection ad well as personal property and of course national defense early in our country's early history . It also analyzes the philosophical standpoint of the idea of the armed citizen and its relationship to freedom. A freeman with a gun, an armed citizenry means a free country The book also does a thorough job of examining other countries and other philosophical aspects of arming the citizenry. This book clearly defines the Militias in other countries. It touches on China and the Soviet Union and their philosophy as well. The book is extremely readable and would be advised reading for anyone from high school to grad school. Those interested in history political science or current events will find this book a must for their personal library.
Mechanics of Wood Machining
Mechanics of the cutting process.- Thermal loading in cutting tools.- Operating parameters of wood cutting tools.- The energy requirement of cutting.- Vibration of the tools and workpieces.- The stability of wood working tools.- Tool wear.- Surface roughness.
Chemistry of Atomic Layer Deposition
This book will help chemists and non-chemists alike understand the fundamentals of surface chemistry and precursor design, and how these precursors drive the processes of atomic layer deposition, and how the surface-precursor interaction governs atomic layer deposition processes. The underlying principles in atomic layer deposition rely on the chemistry of a precursor with a surface.
Akoestiek in architectuur
This book is intended for students of architecture who want to learn the basics of room acoustics
Cavalry of the Clouds
A hook: In the skies of early twentieth century Europe, honour and courage clash with fire and fate. Cavalry Of The Clouds delivers a modern yet reverent dive into military fiction and aviation adventure, weaving fast-paced action with the quiet gravity of duty and sacrifice. The narrative traces pilots and observers through the peril and prestige of World War One skies, where tactics matter as much as heart, and camaraderie under fire becomes the difference between ruin and survival. It is a striking example of historical war fiction, a classical air combat narrative that invites readers to feel the pressure of altitude, the weight of command, and the fragile bond of a squadron under stress. With scholarly texture and human warmth, the book speaks to both casual readers and classic-literature collectors. Its historical significance lies in its portrait of early aerial warfare and the culture of service that shaped a generation, offering a window into the era's air warfare strategies and the moral puzzles of courage under pressure. This is more than a reprint; it is a restored cultural treasure, carefully revived for today's readers and for future generations. Out of print for decades and now republished by Alpha Editions, this volume stands as a true collector's item and a landmark for fans of for ww1 fiction readers, for historical aviation enthusiasts, and for lovers of world war era skies. A worthy addition to any library of world war one classics.
Introduction to Development Engineering
This open access textbook introduces the emerging field of Development Engineering and its constituent theories, methods, and applications. It is both a teaching text for students and a resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in the design and scaling of technologies for low-resource communities. The scope is broad, ranging from the development of mobile applications for low-literacy users to hardware and software solutions for providing electricity and water in remote settings. It is also highly interdisciplinary, drawing on methods and theory from the social sciences as well as engineering and the natural sciences.The opening section reviews the history of "technology-for-development" research, and presents a framework that formalizes this body of work and begins its transformation into an academic discipline. It identifies common challenges in development and explains the book's iterative approach of "innovation, implementation, evaluation, adaptation." Each ofthe next six thematic sections focuses on a different sector: energy and environment; market performance; education and labor; water, sanitation and health; digital governance; and connectivity. These thematic sections contain case studies from landmark research that directly integrates engineering innovation with technically rigorous methods from the social sciences. Each case study describes the design, evaluation, and/or scaling of a technology in the field and follows a single form, with common elements and discussion questions, to create continuity and pedagogical consistency. Together, they highlight successful solutions to development challenges, while also analyzing the rarely discussed failures. The book concludes by reiterating the core principles of development engineering illustrated in the case studies, highlighting common challenges that engineers and scientists will face in designing technology interventions that sustainably accelerate economic development.Development Engineering provides, for the first time, a coherent intellectual framework for attacking the challenges of poverty and global climate change through the design of better technologies. It offers the rigorous discipline needed to channel the energy of a new generation of scientists and engineers toward advancing social justice and improved living conditions in low-resource communities around the world.
Nanostructured Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
This book explores all aspects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, focusses on synthesis, processing & characterization of electromagnetic shielding materials. Fundamentals of shielding theory, the practice of electromagnetic field measuring techniques, EMI standards, novel materials and their application are explained.
Mechanics of Metamaterials with Negative Parameters
This book discusses bulk solids that derive their mechanical properties not from those of their base materials, but from their designed microstructures. Focusing on the negative mechanical properties, it addresses topics that reveal the counter-intuitive nature of solids, specifically the negativity of properties that are commonly positive, such as negative bulk modulus, negative compressibility, negative hygroexpansion, negative thermal expansion, negative stiffness phase, and negative Poisson's ratio. These topics are significant not only due to the curiosity they have sparked, but also because of the possibility of designing materials and structures that can behave in ways that are not normally expected in conventional solids, and as such, of materials that can outperform solids and structures made from conventional materials.The book includes illustrations to facilitate learning, and, where appropriate, reference tables. The presentation is didactic, starting with simple cases, followed by increasingly complex ones. It provides a solid foundation for graduate students, and a valuable resource for practicing materials engineers seeking to develop novel materials through the judicious design of microstructures and their corresponding mechanisms.
Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Third Edition
The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) was invented by Binnig and Rohrer and received a Nobel Prize of Physics in 1986. Together with the atomic force microscope (AFM), it provides non-destructive atomic and subatomic resolution on surfaces. Especially, in recent years, internal details of atomic and molecular wavefunctions are observed and mapped with negligible disturbance. Since the publication of its first edition, this book has been the standard reference book and a graduate-level textbook educating several generations of nano-scientists. In Aug. 1992, the co-inventor of STM, Nobelist Heinrich Rohrer recommended: "The Introduction to Scanning tunnelling Microscopy by C.J. Chen provides a good introduction to the field for newcomers and it also contains valuable material and hints for the experts". For the second edition, a 2017 book review published in the Journal of Applied Crystallography said "Introduction to Scanning tunnelling Microscopy is an excellent book that can serve as a standard introduction for everyone that starts working with scanning probe microscopes, and a useful reference book for those more advanced in the field". The third edition is a thoroughly updated and improved version of the recognized "Bible" of the field. Additions to the third edition include: theory, method, results, and interpretations of the non-destructive observation and mapping of atomic and molecular wavefunctions; elementary theory and new verifications of equivalence of chemical bond interaction and tunnelling; scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of high Tc superconductors; imaging of self-assembled organic molecules on the solid-liquid interfaces. Some key derivations are rewritten using mathematics at an undergraduate level to make it pedagogically sound.
Magnetic Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
This monograph provides the first extensive treatment of magnetic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The theoretical background required to compute magnetic SANS cross sections and correlation functions related to long-wavelength magnetization structures is laid out. The concepts are scrutinized based on the discussion of experimental neutron data. Regarding prior background knowledge, some familiarity with the basic magnetic interactions and phenomena as well as scattering theory is desired. Besides exposing the different origins of magnetic SANS, and furnishing the basics of the magnetic SANS technique in early chapters, a large part of the book is devoted to a comprehensive treatment of the continuum theory of micromagnetics, as it is relevant for the study of the elastic magnetic SANS cross section. Analytical expressions for the magnetization Fourier components allow to highlight the essential features of magnetic SANS and to analyze experimental data both in reciprocal, as well as in real space. Later chapters provide an overview on the magnetic SANS of nanoparticles and so-called complex systems (e.g., ferrofluids, magnetic steels, spin glasses and amorphous magnets). It is this subfield where major progress is expected to be made in the coming years, mainly via the increased usage of numerical micromagnetic simulations (Chapter 7), which is a very promising approach for the understanding of the magnetic SANS from systems exhibiting nanoscale spin inhomogeneity.
