Valorisation of Food Waste
This book explores innovative strategies for repurposing food waste, focusing on process and product design. It highlights diverse food waste sources like expiring materials and often overlooked resources, offering a comprehensive evaluation of technologies, methods, and sustainable solutions to address the global challenge of food waste.
"Real Expedicion Maritima de la Vacuna" in New Spain and Guatemala
This fascinating publication studies the activities of the Spanish Royal Maritime Vaccination Expedition's introduction of the small pox vaccination to the New World, led by Dr. Francisco Xavier de Balmis y Berenguer. With a focus on Mexico and Guatemala, Smith's work illuminates a rich cultural, intellectual, and technical moment in the early 19th century. This piece serves as a crucial text for medical and colonial history as it recounts the most ambitious medical project conceived and carried out to its day.
Renewable Energy, Green Computing, and Sustainable Development
This two-volume set CCIS 2612-2613 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Renewable Energy, Green Computing, and Sustainable Development, REGS 2025, held in Hyderabad, India, during February 21-22, 2025.The 54 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 351 submissions. REGS 2025 is an interdisciplinary conference that aims at diverse fields of engineering and technology with a focus on smart and energy efficient computing, green technology and sustainable systems design and development, ranging from theoretical developments to industrial problems.
Renewable Energy, Green Computing, and Sustainable Development
This two-volume set CCIS 2612-2613 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Renewable Energy, Green Computing, and Sustainable Development, REGS 2025, held in Hyderabad, India, during February 21-22, 2025.The 54 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 351 submissions. REGS 2025 is an interdisciplinary conference that aims at diverse fields of engineering and technology with a focus on smart and energy efficient computing, green technology and sustainable systems design and development, ranging from theoretical developments to industrial problems.
Biotechnological Advancements in Biomass to Bioenergy Biotransformation
Image Sensors - Digital Imaging Systems and Applications
This book presents a recently developed forum for the science and technology of digital imaging systems and their applications, including image acquisition, image processing, image analysis, pattern recognition, and filtering. This book is the result of the efforts of various researchers and professionals in the field of digital imaging systems.
Reception of Weak Radio Signals from Space
Comprehensive resource on the dynamically developing issue of radio communication over long distances, especially in outer space Reception of Weak Radio Signals from Space explores all aspects of detecting and making sense of extremely weak radio frequency (RF) signals, especially those emanating from space. The subject matter ranges from general physics fundamentals to highly specialized issues of design and optimization of microwave antennas, low-noise amplifiers, receivers, transmitters, and frequency synthesizers with very specific characteristics. Special consideration is paid to the advanced technique of radio linking by reflection of signals from the lunar surface, where, using modern software for digital communication, it is possible to realize links with signals ten or more decibels weaker compared to analogue modes. Each chapter briefly summarizes the theory and applicable relationships and complements the discussed topic with descriptions of specific solutions for individual parts of the communication system. Detailed annotated examples of calculations and implementations are included to aid in reader understanding. The book also discusses specific properties of antennas including brightness and noise temperature, directivity, and polarization, and covers the technical characteristics of interplanetary probes such as Voyager, Cassini, Mars Odyssey, and others. Additional topics in Reception of Weak Radio Signals from Space include: Microwave receivers, covering noise matching, cooled amplifiers, noise figure measurement, and low-noise amplifiers for 1.3 and 10 GHz bands Wave propagation in free space and the influence of the atmosphere via precipitation clouds and the ionosphere, including techniques for measuring the figure of merit G/T of the receiving system Local oscillators, including direct digital and phase-locked loop synthesizers High-frequency rectangular and circular waveguides and coaxial and planar transmission lines Parabolic antennas, describing mirror geometry and its radiation as well as scalar radiator feeds Reception of Weak Radio Signals from Space is an excellent resource on up-to-date information for engineers and scientists working in space communications as well as graduate and senior undergraduate students and radio amateurs.
Mission
14th NASA administrator and US Senator Bill Nelson's account of an unforgettable Space Shuttle missionIn January 1986, US congressman and future NASA leader Bill Nelson flew on the six-day mission of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Nelson conducted medical experiments, including cancer research and the first American stress test in space. Mission is Nelson's account of this journey, originally published two years after the flight and now available in this paperback edition with a new preface.In this book, Nelson recounts how he was selected as a payload specialist and details his training regimens with the crew for the flight and mission. He describes the experience of launch, living in zero gravity, and returning to Earth. Nelson also addresses the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, which happened just 10 days after his own mission ended, discussing its impact on himself and the nation and the changes in NASA mission directives that followed. The book includes Nelson's early perspectives on the goals and principles of the US space program, the value of conducting research in weightless environments, and the necessity of collaborations in developing advanced space technologies.Mission offers a fascinating window into the Space Shuttle program during the pre-Challenger era. Forty years later, NASA has seen the completion of the International Space Station, long-term partnerships with other national space agencies, and the expanding role of private space companies. Nelson's hopes and predictions in these areas are significant contributions to space history and markers that show how far the space program has come.
A Collection of Valuable Formulas and Recipes for the Manufacturer, Merchant, Farmer and Household
"A Collection of Valuable Formulas and Recipes for the Manufacturer, Merchant, Farmer and Household" offers a fascinating glimpse into early 20th-century life and industry. Compiled in 1915, this book is a treasure trove of practical knowledge, presenting a wide array of formulas and recipes intended to aid manufacturers, merchants, farmers, and everyday households. From crafting essential goods to tackling common household challenges, the book provides detailed instructions and ingredients for a variety of applications. This collection is not only a valuable resource for those interested in historical practices but also a testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of a bygone era. Discover the time-tested methods that sustained communities and industries in this remarkable compilation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Optimized Dual Expander Aerospike Rocket
Research at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) focused on designing a cryogenic dual-expander aerospike nozzle (DEAN) upper stage rocket engine to produce 50,000 pounds-force (222.4 kilo-Newtons) vacuum thrust, 464 seconds of vacuum specific impulse and a thrust-to-weight ratio of 106.5. The use of dual expander cycles improves engine reliability, maximizes efficiency, and eliminates some catastrophic failure modes. An upper stage engine with an aerospike nozzle is shorter and lighter than an equivalent performing conventional bell nozzle upper stage engine. Previous research focused on first developing a feasible closed DEAN design model and secondly expanding the model to support parametric trade and optimization studies. The current research effort used previous research as a foundation to create a reliable system level modeling tool to estimate performance, engine weight, and geometry for the DEAN concept. The model incorporated the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS璽„[) software by NASA, Two-Dimensional Kinetics '04 (TDK'04璽„[) by Software and Engineering Associates, Inc, and ModelCenterTM by Phoenix Integration. Research obtained a new DEAN design point meeting physical and reusability design constraints from model trade and optimization studies. The new design has a vacuum thrust and a thrust-to-weight ratio of 50,161 lbf (223.1 kN) and 142.2, respectively. Furthermore, the new design has a vacuum specific impulse of 430.6 seconds, failing to meet the vacuum specific impulse design goal by 33.4 seconds or 7.3%. The model used common metals, alloys, and ceramics to improve near-term anufacturability of the DEAN. Current research laid a pathway for further research to find the optimum DEAN design point meeting all the design goals including vacuum specific impulse.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Problems in Aircraft Maintenance
This study is to analyze aircraft maintenance procedures in World War II; examine new requirements engendered by present trends; explore fields of Army, Navy, and Air Force to develop maximum common ground, and recommend maintenance methods and procedures for the future.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Looking Squarely at the Water Power Problem ..
"Looking Squarely at the Water Power Problem" examines the legal and practical aspects of water power development in the early 20th century. Authored by Henry Joshua Pierce, with reference to United States laws from 1914, this work delves into the challenges and opportunities surrounding the utilization of water resources for power generation. It offers insights into the regulatory environment and engineering considerations of the time, making it a valuable resource for understanding the historical context of hydroelectric power and water management. The book provides a snapshot of the early debates and legislative efforts related to harnessing water power, relevant to legal scholars, historians of technology, and anyone interested in the evolution of energy policy.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Development of a Simulation Capability for the Space Station Active Rack Isolation System
To realize quality microgravity science on the International Space Station, many microgravity facilities will utilize the Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS). Simulation capabilities for ARIS will be needed to predict the microgravity environment. This paper discusses the development of a simulation model for use in predicting the performance of the ARIS in attenuating disturbances with frequency content between 0.01 Hz and 10 Hz. The derivation of the model utilizes an energy-based approach. The complete simulation includes the dynamic model of the ISPR integrated with the model for the ARIS controller so that the entire closed-loop system is simulated. Preliminary performance predictions are made for the ARIS in attenuating both off-board disturbances as well as disturbances from hardware mounted onboard the microgravity facility. These predictions suggest that the ARIS does eliminate resonant behavior detrimental to microgravity experimentation. A limited comparison is made between the simulation predictions of ARIS attenuation of off-board disturbances and results from the ARIS flight test. These comparisons show promise, but further tuning of the simulation is needed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Experimental Investigation of the Flow Field in a Transonic, Axial Flow Compressor With Respect to the Development of Blockage and Loss
A detailed experimental investigation to understand and quantify the development of loss and blockage in the flow field of a transonic, axial flow compressor rotor has been undertaken. Detailed laser anemometer measurements were acquired upstream, within, and downstream of a transonic, axial compressor rotor operating at design and off-design conditions. The rotor was operated at 100%, 85%, 80%, and 60% of design speed which provided inlet relative Mach numbers at the blade tip of 1.48, 1.26, 1.18, and 0.89 respectively. At design speed the blockage is evaluated ahead of the rotor passage shock, downstream of the rotor passage shock, and near the trailing edge of the blade row. The blockage is evaluated in the core flow area as well as in the casing endwall region. Similarly at pm speed conditions for the cases of (1) where the rotor passage shock is much weaker than that at design speed and (2) where there is no rotor passage shock, the blockage and loss are evaluated and compared to the results at design speed. Specifically, the impact of the rotor passage shock on the blockage and loss development, pertaining to both the shock/boundary layer interactions and the shock/tip clearance flow interactions, is discussed. In addition, the blockage evaluated from the experimental data is compared to (1) an existing correlation of blockage development which was based on computational results, and (2) computational results on a limited basis. The results indicate that for this rotor the blockage in the endwall region is 2-3 times that of the core flow region and the blockage in the core flow region more than doubles when the shock strength is sufficient to separate the suction surface boundary layer. The distribution of losses in the care flow region indicate that the total loss is primarily comprised of the shock loss when the shock strength is not sufficient to separate the suction surface boundary layer.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Composite Aircraft Life Cycle Cost Estimating Model
Composite materials are beginning to comprise a greater percentage of structural materials used throughout aircraft production. The increased usage of composites has led individuals within the Air Force community to revisit aircraft life cycle cost, LCC, models. A series of affordability initiatives has culminated in significant evidence over the last decade to better quantify the impact of primarily composite structures in aircraft. The Advanced Composite Cargo Aircraft, ACCA, a research effort sponsored by the Air Force Research Lab, attempted to determine the impact of part size and large scale composite components on LCC for cargo aircraft. This research evaluates the data provided by the ACCA program and data from aerospace industry partners to modify the existing LCC models. This research finds that a relationship exists between relative part count and touch labor hours for certain cost categories, notably, design, design support, and testing. In particular, a percentage reduction in part count drives a corresponding percentage reduction in these select cost categories. These findings suggest that reduction in part count filter through most of the major cost categories during development and production. The research findings suggest that the current LCC models require modifications in the current cost estimating relationships to capture these impacts.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Air Propeller; Its Working Characteristics and Theory, Together With a Brief Discussion of the Airplane Engine and the Power Available for Airplane Propulsion
Dive into the intricacies of early aviation technology with "The Air Propeller; Its Working Characteristics and Theory." This comprehensive treatise, originally published in 1919, offers a detailed examination of the air propeller, a pivotal component in the nascent field of aviation. Authored by Frederick Bedell, the book meticulously explores the working characteristics and theoretical underpinnings of air propellers, providing valuable insights into their design and function.Beyond the propeller itself, the book includes a concise discussion of the airplane engine and the power dynamics involved in airplane propulsion. This makes it an invaluable resource for understanding the complete system of early aircraft. Aviation enthusiasts, historians, and engineers will appreciate the depth and clarity of Bedell's explanations, making this a classic text for anyone interested in the pioneering days of flight. Discover the science and engineering that propelled humanity into the skies with this meticulously detailed study.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
2025 Aerospace Replenishment
Studies examining the future of air and space power (such as New World Vistas and SPACECAST 2020) have generally not revealed much in the area of replenishment. Indeed there is a noticeable tendency to assume it away with the stated requirement or desire that aircraft should have longer range and loiter capabilities. Even if this is possible, replenishment should be better exploited to mitigate the effect of supporting all or most operations from the United States--a likely prospect in the not to distant future. In addition, some visionaries continue to insist that investment in satellite replenishment is unwise due to the constant need to modernize with new and revolutionary satellite systems. This argument fails to convince when one is open to the possibility that a replenishment platform may also modernize existing satellite systems, thus delaying obsolescence and replacement.The objective of aerospace replenishment is to provide air and space vehicles with on-demand replenishment. To accomplish this, aerospace replenishment must have the ability to project itself both globally and beyond the Earth's atmosphere. It must anticipate customer replenishment needs. Finally, it must have the innate operational responsiveness and flexibility to meet those needs. This paper identifies current vehicles, uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAV), trans-atmospheric vehicles (TAV), and satellites as potential customers in need of replenishment. Anticipated replenishment supplies will include energy, as well as numerous solids, liquids, and gases.Clearly, the replenishment needs are vast. One platform cannot do all of the tasks well. Therefore, we have has identified three types of platforms to meet the specialized needs of customers operating in different environments.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Formation Flight Control for Aerial Refueling
A controller is designed for an aircraft to autonomously fly formation during aerial refueling. Requirements for a refueling autopilot are stated. A six-degree-offreedom model is developed for an F-16 lead aircraft and a Learjet LJ-25 wing aircraft. Bare airframe stability of both aircraft is investigated, and stability augmentation is performed. A Matlab Simulink simulation is built to reproduce the sensor inputs that will be available to the wing aircraft in flight, including disturbances. Control frames are investigated to determine the optimum presentation of the error vector for control during the task of air refueling. Control laws are developed from the initial premise of proportional-plus-integral control on position error only, and made more complex until desired performance is achieved. Tanker flight profiles are designed for the lead aircraft, and simulations are accomplished to estimate controller performance. Stability and robustness are investigated through the addition of noise, turbulence, and time delays while exploring the capability limits during increasingly aggressive profiles. Modifications for flight test are described, and flight test results are reviewed from 7 formation flights of a USAF C-12 and a Learjet LJ-25 under fully autonomous control in an operationally representative refueling environment. Actual controller performance is analyzed and compared to predictions, and suggestions are made for future controllers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Emergency Response to Hazardous Material Incidents
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Rotorcraft Flight Control Design Using Quantitative Feedback Theory and Dynamic Crossfeeds
A multi-input, multi-output controls design with robust crossfeeds is presented for a rotorcraft in near-hovering flight using quantitative feedback theory (QFT). Decoupling criteria are developed for dynamic crossfeed design and implementation. Frequency dependent performance metrics focusing on piloted flight are developed and tested on 23 flight configurations. The metrics show that the resulting design is superior to alternative control system designs using conventional fixed-gain crossfeeds and to feedback-only designs which rely on high gains to suppress undesired off-axis responses. The use of dynamic, robust crossfeeds prior to the QFT design reduces the magnitude of required feedback gain and results in performance that meets current handling qualities specifications relative to the decoupling of off-axis responses. The combined effect of the QFT feedback design following the implementation of low-order, dynamic crossfeed compensator successfully decouples ten of twelve off-axis channels. For the other two channels it was not possible to find a single, low-order crossfeed that was effective.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Techniques for Reduced Order Modeling of Aeroelastic Structures With Deforming Grids
Reduced order modeling (ROM) seeks to make the modeling of aeroelastic behavior practical by reducing computation time for design codes. Deforming grids are often used in aeroelastic problems to account for the deformation of the structure. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD/ROM) is a ROM technique that operates in an index-space for computations, not accounting for changes in grid dynamics, and must be modified to reflect grid deformation properly. As a POD/ROM is developed, fluid dynamics modes are created based on the index relationship between grid points. The modes are then used to recreate the full-order solution. When the relationship between the grid point locations and the index space changes, the created modes are no longer valid because the new grid dynamics are not captured accurately. To investigate and account for the effects of grid deformation on POD/ROM, a new algorithm is developed that incorporates modifications to the usual formulation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Rockets and People, Volume 2
Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The memoirs of Academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that gap. In these writings, spread over four volumes, Chertok not only describes and reflects upon his experiences, but he also elicits and extracts profound insights from an epic story about a society's quest to explore the cosmos.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
TM 5-634
The United States Army Publishing Directorate is the Army's leader in publishing and delivering informational products worldwide. Their main mission is to supply official authenticated information to enhance the readiness of the total force. Some product topics include: Army Regulations, Engineering Technical Manuals, Administrative Publications, Circulars and Pamphlets. This is one of their documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Handbook of Constructed Wetlands
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
EPA Example Construction SWPPP
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Space Launch Vehicles
Launching satellites into orbit, once the exclusive domain of the U.S. and Soviet governments, today is an industry in which companies in the United States, Europe, China, Russia, Ukraine, Japan, and India compete. In the United States, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) owns and launches its space shuttle. Private sector companies provide launch services for other NASA launches and most Department of Defense (DOD) launches. Commercial customers purchase launch services from the U.S. companies or their competitors. Since the early 1980s, Congress and successive Administrations have taken actions, including passing several laws, to facilitate the U.S. commercial space launch services business. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulates the industry.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Integral Twist Actuation of Helicopter Rotor Blades for Vibration Reduction
Active integral twist control for vibration reduction of helicopter rotors during forward flight is investigated. The twist deformation is obtained using embedded anisotropic piezocomposite actuators. An analytical framework is developed to examine integrally-twisted blades and their aeroelastic response during different flight conditions: frequency domain analysis for hover, and time domain analysis for forward flight. Both stem from the same three-dimensional electroelastic beam formulation with geometrical-exactness, and axe coupled with a finite-state dynamic inflow aerodynamics model. A prototype Active Twist Rotor blade was designed with this framework using Active Fiber Composites as the actuator. The ATR prototype blade was successfully tested under non-rotating conditions. Hover testing was conducted to evaluate structural integrity and dynamic response. In both conditions, a very good correlation was obtained against the analysis. Finally, a four-bladed ATR system is built and tested to demonstrate its concept in forward flight. This experiment was conducted at NASA Langley T ansonic Dynamics Tunnel and represents the first-of-a-kind Mach-scaled fully-active-twist rotor system to undergo forward flight test. In parallel, the impact upon the fixed- and rotating-system loads is estimated by the analysis. While discrepancies are found in the amplitude of the loads under actuation, the predicted trend of load variation with respect to its control phase correlates well. It was also shown, both experimentally and numerically, that the ATR blade design has the potential for hub vibratory load reduction of up to 90% using individual blade control actuation. Using the numerical framework, system identification is performed to estimate the harmonic transfer functions. The linear time-periodic system can be represented by a linear time-invariant system under the three modes of blade actuation: collective, longitudinal cyclic, and lateral cyclic.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Field Manual for Performance Evaluation and Troubleshooting at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Guidelines for the Use of Encapsulants on Asbestos-Containing Materials, Draft
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Electrodialysis for Closed Loop Control of Cyanide Rinse Waters
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Multimission Aircraft Design Study
In the most recent years, the Command, Control and Communications, Counter Measures, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C3CMISR) aircrafts are used commonly in many NATO and UN Operations around the world. These aircrafts are AWACS, JSTARS, Rivet Joint, Compass Call and ABCCC. They provide close air support in the name of airborne surveillance, ground moving target surveillance, target reconnaissance, jamming, and command, control and communications issues in operational environments. Those aircrafts are tasked with a wide variety of missions than ever before in operational theaters and each one of them comprises a specific amount of cost and risk factors. As a new vision, while replacing the existing legacy systems, multi-mission architectures are taken into consideration for the C3CMISR missions. The stated objective is designing a one tail number Multi-Mission Aircraft (MMA) that includes all the C3CMISR tasks on one airframe. This study seeks some comments and advises about the MMA design technical feasibility. In order to search for these comments, four notional operational scenarios are created. First of all existing C3CMISR aircrafts are considered and evaluated in these operational scenarios and then different MMA architectures are defined and compared with the legacy systems in the name of adequacy.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Dual Channel Matched Filtering and Space-Time Adaptive Processing
We propose a dual channel matched filtering system that addresses two key challenges in the practical implementation of a single channel matched filtering system: secondary data support and computational cost. We derive an exact expression of the dual channel normalized signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) in terms of random variables with known distributions and approximate expressions of the mean and variance of the normalized SINR. Using these approximate expressions, we demonstrated that the dual channel system requires half the secondary data to achieve nearly the same SINR performance as an equivalent single channel system. With the dual channel system, two reduced dimension weight vectors are used in place of the larger single channel weight vector, offering the potential reduction in computational cost. The key to the dual channel system is the efficient block diagonalization of the interference plus noise correlation matrix with a fixed transformation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Looking Towards the Future Air Navigation System
Budget constraints are forcing prioritization on future spending for Air Mobility Command's weapon systems. As the airplanes age, some of the parts that are worn out become too expensive to replace. Modernization of avionics and communication packages are becoming a necessity based on the rapid implementation of the Future Air Navigation System (FANS) and Free Flight. The purpose of this study is to understand how the implementation of FANS will affect the Air Mobility Command's Global Reach Mission in the 21st Century. A background and literature review will show what elements comprise FANS and Free Flight. The strategic planning of the Air Mobility Master Plan (AMMP) and a new directive closes the review. The main issues of technology, concepts, and costs will be discussed along with the two alternatives available to AMC for future emphasis. The study concludes with the emphasis that a new planning method has to be implemented. The priority for avionics and communications upgrades is now. The operations tempo will not slow down in the near future. The policy of Global Reach will continue to be called upon. We must see that unrestricted operations in the FANS and Free Flight environment continues.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Gaining Efficiencies in Air Traffic Control Through Leveraging New Radar Technology
This paper discusses how leveraging new radar technologies in the USAF Air Traffic Control (ATC) arena can produce significant gains in efficiencies. The USAF, in conjunction with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and other Department of Defense (DoD) services has procured a new radar system for ATC called Standard Terminal Automated Replacement System (STARS). This new STARS system has a unique ability to take radar feeds from multiple non-contiguous ATC regions and combining them into one co-located USAF ATC radar approach facility. This technology for combining ATC radar facilities allows for efficiencies and enhances in manpower and infrastructure costs in garrison as well as tactical operations. Headquarters for Air Combat Command notionalized this concept as an effort to address critical manpower shortfalls in the ATC career field. We created the concept and worked with USAF leadership to implement combining Minot Air Force Base's radar approach control at Ellsworth Air Force Base. This paper discusses ACC's initiative at Minot and Ellsworth, to include the issues with the ATC career field that brought about this, at the time, notional concept, and efficiencies that can be garnered through implementation of this new operational concept on a larger scale.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Development of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Research Platform
The Advanced Navigation Technology (ANT) Center at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) conducts extensive research in advanced guidance, navigation, and control to exploit the full potential of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The research in this thesis describes a UAV research platform developed to support the ANT Center's goals. This platform is now the bedrock for UAV simulation and local flight test at AFIT. The research has three major components. The first component includes development of a physical, inertial, and aerodynamic model representing an existing aircraft. A systematic analysis of the airframe leads to a complete geometric, inertial, and aerodynamic representation. The airframe analysis includes the use of USAF Digital Datcom, an aerodynamic modeling software tool. Second is the development and implementation of a non-linear, six degree of freedom simulation, employing the developed model. Constructed in Matlab/SIMULINK, the simulation enables control design and pre-flight analysis throughout the entire flight envelope. Detailed post-flight analysis is also performed in Matlab/SIMULINK. Additionally, a Hardware in the Loop benchmark simulation is constructed for initial flight test planning as well as test team training.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evolving Self-Organized Behavior for Homogeneous and Heterogeneous UAV or UCAV Swarms
This research designs an off-line evolutionary system to create multi-UAV behavior capable of searching for and attacking targets. The design for this behav- ior system assumes the UAVs have no apriori knowledge about undetected targets, UAVs, or the environment. In addition, the system does not rely upon global com- munications. WIth regard to the behavior design and approach, self-organization is a potential solution since exemplar systems relying upon it tend to be exceptionally robust, scaleable, and -exible. The UAV behavior, evolved with a genetic algorithm, relies upon a behavior archetype architecture. This design allows the system to evolve a small set of behaviors that are selected based upon particular sense inputs to the UAVs. The sense inputs summarize observable characteristics of each UAVs environmental representation such as the density of sensed UAVs and a simple target associated pheromone.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modulated Elliptical Slot
A novel modulated slot design has been proposed and tested. The proposed slot is aimed to replace the inefficient small dipoles used in conventional MST-based imaging systems. The developed slot is very attractive as MST array element due to its small size and high efficiency/modulation depth. In fact, the developed slot has been successfully used to implement the first prototype of a microwave camera operating at 24 GHZ. It is also being used in the design of the second generation of the camera. Finally, the designed elliptical slot can be used as an electronically controlled waveguide iris for many other purposes (for instance in constructing waveguide reflective phase shifters and multiplexers/switches).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Technology Review of Smart Sensors With Wireless Networks for Applications in Hazardous Work Environments
Workers in hazardous environments such as mining are constantly exposed to the health and safety hazards of dynamic and unpredictable conditions. One approach to enable them to manage these hazards is to provide them with situational awareness: real-time data (environmental, physiological, and physical location data) obtained from wireless, wearable, smart sensor technologies deployed at the work area. The scope of this approach is limited to managing the hazards of the immediate work area for prevention purposes; it does not include technologies needed after a disaster. Three critical technologies emerge and converge to support this technical approach: smart-wearable sensors, wireless sensor networks, and low-power embedded computing. The major focus of this report is on smart sensors and wireless sensor networks. Wireless networks form the infrastructure to support the realization of situational awareness; therefore, there is a significant focus on wireless networks. Lastly, the "Future Research" section pulls together the three critical technologies by proposing applications that are relevant to mining. The applications are injured miner (person-down) detection; a wireless, wearable remote viewer; and an ultrawide band smart environment that enables localization and tracking of humans and resources. The smart environment could provide location data, physiological data, and communications (video, photos, graphical images, audio, and text messages).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Distributed Parallel Processing and Dynamic Load Balancing Techniques for Multidisciplinary High Speed Aircraft Design
Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) for large-scale engineering problems poses many challenges (e.g., the design of an efficient concurrent paradigm for global optimization based on disciplinary analyses, expensive computations over vast data sets, etc.) This work focuses on the application of distributed schemes for massively parallel architectures to MDO problems, as a tool for reducing computation time and solving larger problems. The specific problem considered here is configuration optimization of a high speed civil transport (HSCT), and the efficient parallelization of the embedded paradigm for reasonable design space identification. Two distributed dynamic load balancing techniques (random polling and global round robin with message combining) and two necessary termination detection schemes (global task count and token passing) were implemented and evaluated in terms of effectiveness and scalability to large problem sizes and a thousand processors. The effect of certain parameters on execution time was also inspected. Empirical results demonstrated stable performance and effectiveness for all schemes, and the parametric study showed that the selected algorithmic parameters have a negligible effect on performance.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Numerical Study of Rarefied Hypersonic Flow Interacting With a Continuum Jet
An uncoupled Computational Fluid Dynamics-Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (CFD-DSMC) technique is developed and applied to provide solutions for continuum jets interacting with rarefied external flows. The technique is based on a correlation of the appropriate Bird breakdown parameter for a transitional-rarefied condition that defines a surface within which the continuum solution is unaffected by the external flow-jet interaction. The method is applied to two problems to assess and demonstrate its validity; one of a jet interaction in the transitional-rarefied flow regime and the other in the moderately rarefied regime. Results show that the appropriate Bird breakdown surface for uncoupling the continuum and non-continuum solutions is a function of a non-dimensional parameter relating the momentum flux and collisionality between the two interacting flows. The correlation is exploited for the simulation of a jet interaction modeled for an experimental condition in the transitional-rarefied flow regime and the validity of the correlation is demonstrated. The uncoupled technique is also applied to an aerobraking flight condition for the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft with attitude control system jet interaction. Aerodynamic yawing moment coefficients for cases without and with jet interaction at various angles-of-attack were predicted, and results from the present method compare well with values published previously. The flow field and surface properties are analyzed in some detail to describe the mechanism by which the jet interaction affects the aerodynamics.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Nuclear-Powered Aircraft
The potential for a nuclear-powered aircraft to provide global persistence and reach, measured in months while consuming no petroleum fuel, seems alluring and worthy of pursuit. However operating requirements for such an aircraft, in addition to established political hurdles after Three-Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents, will limit the scope of a nuclear-powered aircraft program, if not eliminate the idea completely. By analyzing the potential uses of nuclear-powered aircraft against the legal requirements, the USAF can narrow its limited research and development investments in manpower and materiel to those technologies with the greatest opportunity for employment. This paper assumes a future security environment requiring attributes such as global range, persistence combined with ever rising fuel costs due to fuel scarcity.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Aerospace Composites
Five methods of non-destructive material evaluation (NDE) were used to inspect various forms of damage commonly found in aerospace fiberglass composites: voids, edge and sub-surface delaminations, surface burning, and cracking. The images produced by X-ray, X-ray Computed Tomography, terahertz (THz) imaging, ultrasound, and flash IR thermography were analyzed for the detection of defects. Test results and analysis of each NDE method's capabilities provide a comparison study of conventional techniques versus the emerging technology of THz imaging for the non-destructive evaluation of aerospace composite materials. A comparison guide to the five methods' damage detection effectiveness for fiberglass composites is provided by defect type.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Routine UAS access to the NAS poses a variety of technological, regulatory, workload, and coordination challenges. This paper will focus on the ongoing effort in the United States (U.S.) to draft and implement regulatory guidance to integrate safe, routine, and efficient UAS operations in the NAS. The current Code of Federal Regulations governing unmanned aircraft operations does not adequately address the operation of this new type of aircraft. Specifically, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) does not allow unrestricted UAS operations in all classifications of airspace. A lack of regulatory guidance for UASs limits their operations and leads to a lack of airspace for UAS testing and evaluation. Evolving technological advancements and increased military and civilian demand have proven the need to fully integrate and capture all the regulatory requirements for UAS's to meet their full potential. The end goal is to have UASs operating in the NAS transparently. Thus, UASs must be able to function seamlessly in the current air traffic system with other general, civilian, and military aircraft and comply with all the regulatory requirements that manned aircraft must meet. A detailed assessment of the current FAA regulatory guidance was performed with the intent to examine their applicability to UAS operations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Development of Cursor-on-Target Control for Semi-Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems
The research presented in this thesis focuses on developing, demonstrating, and evaluating the concept of a Cursor-on-Target control system for semi-autonomous unmanned aircraft systems. The Department of Defense has mapped out a strategy in which unmanned aircraft systems will increasingly replace piloted aircraft. During most phases of flight autonomous unmanned aircraft control reduces operator workload, however, real-time information exchange often requires an operator to relay decision changes to the unmanned aircraft. The goal of this research is to develop a preliminary Cursor-on-Target control system to enable the operator to guide the unmanned aircraft with minimal workload during high task phases of flight and then evaluate the operator's ability to conduct the mission using that control system. For this research, the problem of Cursor-on-Target control design has multiple components. Initially, a Cursor-on-Target controller is developed in Simulink. Then, this controller is integrated into the Aviator Visual Design Simulator to develop an operator-in-the-loop test platform. Finally, a ground target is simulated and tracked to validate the Cursor-on-Target controller. The Cursor-on-Target control system is then evaluated using a proposed operator rating scale.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
EPA Method 327.0
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Import Terminals
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a hazardous fuel shipped in large tankers to U.S. ports from overseas. While LNG has historically made up a small part of U.S. natural gas supplies, rising price volatility, and the possibility of domestic shortages have significantly increased LNG demand. To meet this demand, energy companies have proposed new LNG import terminals throughout the coastal United States. Many of these terminals would be built onshore near populated areas.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Crack Turning in Integrally Stiffened Aircraft Structures
Current emphasis in the aircraft industry toward reducing manufacturing cost has created a renewed interest in integrally stiffened structures. Crack turning has been identified as an approach to improve the damage tolerance and fail-safety of this class of structures. A desired behavior is for skin cracks to turn before reaching a stiffener, instead of growing straight through. A crack in a pressurized fuselage encounters high T-stress as it nears the stiffener--a condition favorable to crack turning. Also, the tear resistance of aluminum alloys typically varies with crack orientation, a form of anisotropy that can influence the crack path. The present work addresses these issues with a study of crack turning in two-dimensions, including the effects of both T-stress and fracture anisotropy. Both effects are shown to have relation to the process zone size, an interaction that is central to this study. Following an introduction to the problem, the T-stress effect is studied for a slightly curved semi-infinite crack with a cohesive process zone, yielding a closed form expression for the future crack path in an infinite medium. For a given initial crack tip curvature and tensile T-stress, the crack path instability is found to increase with process zone size. Fracture orthotropy is treated using a simple function to interpolate between the two principal fracture resistance values in two-dimensions. An extension to three-dimensions interpolates between the six principal values of fracture resistance. Also discussed is the transition between mode I and mode II fracture in metals. For isotropic materials, there is evidence that the crack seeks out a direction of either local symmetry (pure mode I) or local asymmetry (pure mode II) growth. For orthotropic materials the favored states are not pure modal, and have mode mixity that is a function of crack orientation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Relation of the Southern Appalachian Mountains to the Development of Water Power
"The Relation of the Southern Appalachian Mountains to the Development of Water Power," originally published in 1908, explores the critical link between the Southern Appalachian region's unique geography and its potential for hydroelectric energy. Authored by C. L. Hill, M. R. Hall, and R. H. Bolster, this volume delves into the hydrological characteristics of the area, assessing the feasibility and impact of water power development. It provides valuable insights into the early 20th-century efforts to harness natural resources and the engineering considerations of the time. This historical document offers a detailed examination of water resources in the Appalachian region, useful for researchers and anyone interested in the history of water power and resource management.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
