Tribological Characteristics of Bearing System, 2nd Edition
This Special Issue focuses on the friction characteristics of bearings, carefully compiling 16 cutting-edge research studies. Through a research path combining experiments and simulations, this Special Issue explores the lubrication mechanism, performance optimization, and fault diagnosis of bearings under different working conditions. The papers cover a wide range of dimensions, from theoretical exploration to experimental verification, showcasing the latest developments in the field of bearing lubrication. The research covers various types, such as angular contact ball bearings, gas hydrostatic thrust bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, etc. Through advanced methods such as computational fluid dynamics, artificial neural networks, and mathematical models, the influence of nozzle position, biomimetic composite cavity structure, unbalanced estimation, and other factors on lubricant distribution, load-bearing capacity, and dynamic behavior was analyzed. In addition, attention was also paid to the power loss under oil lubrication, the improvement in friction characteristics and fatigue life by carbon nitrogen co-infiltration treatment, and the lubrication challenges of bearings under special conditions such as vacuum environments and ultra-low temperatures. These research results not only provide a scientific basis for bearing lubrication design but also contribute important findings that promote technological progress and industrial upgrades in related industries. This Special Issue aims to provide new insights and reflections for both the academic and industrial communities.
Advances in Water-Based Nanolubricants
Energy conservation and environmental protection face unprecedented challenges in modern manufacturing, highlighting the critical need for green manufacturing and sustainable development. Lubrication plays a vital role in minimizing energy loss caused by friction and wear in engineering applications. However, conventional oil-based lubricants pose significant environmental concerns due to their non-biodegradable nature and inherent toxicity, making recycling a major challenge. In contrast, water is a clean, low-cost, and recyclable lubricant, but its corrosive properties and low viscosity limit its broader application. To address these limitations, recent research has focused on enhancing water's lubricity through the dispersion of nanomaterials as nanoadditives, aided by eco-friendly surfactants. Water-based nanolubricants have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional oil-based lubricants, including pure oils, oil-in-water emulsions, and oil-based nanolubricants, offering significant benefits for sustainable manufacturing. This Special Issue highlights the latest advancements in experimental and modeling research on novel water-based nanolubricants in tribology and related emerging fields.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
The authors have stressed on simplicity and easy-to-understand language, making the book accessible to all students. The book covers various topics such as impurities and limit tests, volumetric and gravimetric analysis, inorganic pharmaceuticals, nomenclature of organic and heterocyclic compounds, and medicinal chemistry. The section on medicinal chemistry is divided into 27 chapters, covering different therapeutic classes of drugs and their classifications. The authors have provided detailed information on the chemical name, structure, uses, stability, and storage conditions of drugs, along with their popular brand names. The book also includes multiple examples, diagrams, figures, and synthetic schemes, making it easier for students to grasp the concepts. There are question banks after each chapter, including multiple choice questions, short answer questions, and long answer questions, which will help students prepare for board as well as entrance exams. Overall, "Pharmaceutical Chemistry" is an excellent book for students and teachers of the subject, providing a comprehensive and lucid understanding of pharmaceutical chemistry.
Electroless Deposition of Ni/Co/Cu nanoparticles on graphite substrate
Gels for Oil and Gas Industry Applications (2nd Edition)
This Special Issue is focused on the application of gels in oil and gas fields in order to improve hydrocarbon recovery. A broad range of topics will be discussed, including, but not limited to, field application cases, novel gel developments, experimental evaluations of gel performance for conformance control, fracturing, lab- and field-scale numerical simulations, etc.Gels, such as in situ gels and preformed particle gels, have been used widely in the oil and gas industries for controlling excess water production and gas channeling, which significantly contributes to improving hydrocarbon recovery. Based on different application conditions, many novel gels have been developed. The evaluation of novel gels is crucial since the properties of some polymers can be altered under high temperatures, high salinity, or high CO2 conditions. Furthermore, due to the complexity of the reservoirs, some gels may perform differently in the field than in the lab. In this case, the experiences gained from field application studies are very valuable for future gel developments, evaluations, and applications. As a cost-effective method, numerical simulation is used widely in the oil and gas industry to simulate gel treatment, analyze production data, and predict future production. Studies related to gels for oil and gas field applications can advance the understanding of the gel performance in porous media and large channels.
Sensors for Human Activity Recognition II
Human activity recognition (HAR) has been playing an increasingly important role in the digital age. High-quality sensory observations applicable to recognizing users' activities, whether through external or internal (wearable) sensing technology, are inseparable from sensors' sophisticated design and appropriate application. Having been studied and verified adequately, traditional sensors suitable for human activity recognition-such as external sensors for smart homes, optical sensors like cameras for capturing video signals, and bioelectrical and biomechanical sensors for wearable applications-continue to be researched in depth for more effective and efficient usage. Here, the number of specific areas of life facilitated by sensor-based HAR has been continuously increasing. Meanwhile, innovative sensor research for HAR is also very active in the academic community, including brand new types of sensors appropriate for HAR, new designs and applications of the abovementioned traditional sensors, and the introduction of non-traditional HAR-related sensor types into HAR tasks, among other research avenues. The Special Issue Sensors for Human Activity Recognition has received a total of 30 submissions so far, and from these, this new edition will publish 10 academic articles. From hardware to software, from pipelines to applications, from handcrafted features to domain generalization, and from shallow learning to deep and even large language models, the collected literature will provide readers in related fields with state-of-the-art approaches to many challenges in HAR.
Carbon and Related Composites for Sensors and Energy Storage
This Special Issue, entitled "Carbon and Related Composites for Sensors and Energy Storage: Synthesis, Properties, and Application" of the Journal of Carbon Research presents state-of-the-art contributions based on preparation and characterization techniques of carbon-related materials in the field of energy storage and sensor applications. Carbon and carbon nanomaterials, including 0D quantum dots, fullerenes, 1D carbon nanotubes, 2D graphene, reduced graphene oxide, and other carbon-related nanostructures, have shown unique morphological, electrical, thermal, mechanical, electromechanical, and electromagnetic properties for a wide range of applications. Highly conductive graphene materials are used for chemical and thermal sensors, while composites with carbon-related materials have been studied in a variety of electrochemical capacitors (supercapacitors) as well as in different types of batteries for energy storage.
Tribology in Germany
In today's world of ever-increasing energy demands, combined with an environmentally and cost-driven desire to conserve resources, friction and wear are becoming increasingly important. To avoid friction and wear, save energy, protect the environment, and improve the performance of machines and systems, lubrication is one of the most effective strategies. However, design measures, new materials and coatings, a better understanding of the fundamental tribological relationships, and the predictability of tribological systems also make decisive contributions toward environmentally compatible and efficient machines and systems, with the goals of having lower energy consumption in the utilization phase, less wear, and the longer service life of mechanical systems.The visibility of German tribology is internationally characterized by the automotive industry and mechanical engineering. Despite its basic orientation, tribological research is always focused on products and machine elements like rolling and journal bearings, gears, and elastomers. Currently, tribological work is concentrating on topics such as sustainability, raw material availability, the reduction in emissions in the use phase, recyclability, defossilization in mobility and industry, and digitalization. With the 65th anniversary of the GfT, this Special Issue presents the latest tribological research and developments in Germany, with 21 insightful contributions.
RF Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer for IoT
Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are fast becoming the main connectivity backbone of the data-driven, sustainable society of the future. However, major concerns related to the lack of efficient solutions for powering and maintaining the uninterrupted operation of the growing number of IoT devices is have begun to emerge. In this regard, energy harvesting techniques are an attractive solution, as they allow for the use of externally recharging batteries, and thus may constitute key components of future sustainable IoT networks. This Special Issue focuses specifically on radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting and wireless power transfer technologies, addressing their challenges through diverse perspectives and exploring innovations and practical applications. It comprises 12 research papers from authors across the globe aiming to advance our understanding and unlock the transformative potential of RF-based energy solutions within the evolving IoT landscape.
Development and Application of Bio-Based Polymers
This reprint highlights pioneering research on bio-based polymers, introducing novel strategies for creating eco-friendly materials derived from renewable sources. The articles cover the complete lifecycle of bio-based polymers, from their production and processing to their wide-ranging applications in sectors like packaging, agriculture, healthcare devices, and textiles. The collection highlights the advantages of biodegradable polymers, bio-based nanomaterials, and biocomposites as replacements for conventional plastics, contributing to a more sustainable future. It also addresses critical issues, such as scaling up manufacturing, enhancing material properties, and integrating bio-based alternatives into existing industrial frameworks. By bringing together research from multiple disciplines, this reprint offers readers a comprehensive understanding of the advancements in bio-based polymers and their role in reducing ecological footprints. Contributions from prominent researchers make this reprint an invaluable reference for those engaged in driving innovation in sustainable materials and tackling global environmental challenges.
Building Vibration and Soil Dynamics
The growing demand for sustainable transportation has led to a significant interest in developing rail transit networks for both intra- and intercity travel. However, train-induced vibrations that are transmitted through soils to nearby buildings have become widely recognized as environmental concerns, with significant negative impacts on nearby buildings, sensitive equipment, and residents. Additionally, earthquakes can cause serious physical damage to buildings, resulting in economic losses and human casualties and injuries. Consequently, this Special Issue will focus on the modeling method and propagation characteristics of train-induced and seismic vibration in soils and buildings, as well as efficient mitigation methods.
Polymer Waste Recycling and Management II
This collection of cutting-edge research articles addresses critical challenges in waste management and the circular economy, offering innovative solutions for recycling and upcycling diverse materials. The studies explore advanced methods, such as solar-assisted waste processing, electrospinning for recycled PET fibers, and chemical recycling techniques for polymers like PLA and polyurethane. Furthermore, they highlight novel applications of recycled materials, including green composites, regenerated foams, and sustainable reinforcements for geotechnical engineering.Each article delves into the characterization of materials, mechanical testing, and process optimization, ensuring that the recycled products meet or exceed industry standards. This collection also emphasizes emerging technologies for traceability and data management in the plastics industry, proposing digital and physical marking systems to facilitate efficient recycling workflows.These articles serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers aiming to adopt and promote sustainable practices, offering practical insights into the valorization of waste for a greener future.
Image/Video Coding and Processing Techniques for Intelligent Sensor Nodes
Due to the recent explosion of image and video data in IoT systems, specifically designed image and video codecs have become increasingly preferred. To improve image quality while reducing data burden, techniques focusing on image/video coding and processing that are low-cost are needed. These methods should also save power and extend battery life, which will help meet the design needs of sensor nodes. Moreover, intelligent sensors are changing traditional intuition-driven sensors, supporting machine learning algorithms and delivering high-resolution images and videos for the 5G revolution.In line with the mission of Sensors, the organizers of this Special Issue endeavor to bring the most recent advancements in image/video coding and processing techniques to intelligent sensor nodes from academic and industrial perspectives.
Science and Sense
Dive into Science and Sense: Common Sense Science in a World of Spin, a thought-provoking collection of op/ed columns by author Kelly Kading. Originally featured in the Prescott Daily Courier of Yavapai County, Arizona, this engaging book tackles a wide range of contemporary issues, from general science topics to pressing concerns like water and transportation, and even a few light-hearted explorations.Kading's goal is to empower readers with clear, straightforward insights that cut through the noise of politically-driven narratives prevalent in today's media. Written in accessible language, these columns are crafted to inform and equip you with the knowledge needed to challenge misconceptions and debunk the "baloney" that often masquerades as science. Discover a refreshing perspective that champions common sense and clarity in an often convoluted world.
Structure of Organic Compounds
The book titled "Structure of Organic Compounds" presents general notions related to the analysis, structure, and reactivity of organic compounds: classification, chemical bonds, mutual influences of atoms in the molecule, acids and bases in organic chemistry, as well as structural analysis of organic compounds. A special place is given to stereoisomerism and the stereochemical aspects of the structure and reactivity of organic compounds, considering their importance in relation to the chirality of organic compounds, as presented in the context of understanding biochemical processes and bioactive substance-receptor interactions. Although organic compounds and many of their reactions have been used for thousands of years, organic chemistry as a science was only established in the mid-19th century, when significant discoveries in the field of natural compounds were made. The book includes seven chapters, with the most important topics being: methods of purification and analysis of organic compounds, spectral methods of analysis, the general characteristics of organic compounds, and the mutual influence of atoms in molecules.
Monitoring periodic pollution of water resources in Burkina Faso
This document presents a summary of the monitoring of periodic pollution of water resources in Burkina Faso by the raw water analysis laboratory of the Directorate General of Water Resources between April 2023 and April 2024. These include investigation into fish mortality in the Yaoghin dam, Poa commune, Boulkiemde province, centre-west region; investigation into water pollution in a well in D矇dougou, Boucle du Mouhoun region; inspection and sampling of water from the Poni river following illegal extraction and processing of gold by the ISM GOLD corporation mining company in the Gbomblora commune, Poni province, south-west region; investigation into fish mortality in the Korsimoro dam, North Central Region; investigation into fish mortality in the Kaleinga reservoir in the Guiba commune, South Central Region. All these pollutions resulted in the death of animals and fish.
Wastewater Treatments Based on Adsorption, Catalysis, Biodegradation, and Beyond
The ongoing technological advancements and industrial growth over the past few decades have arisen significant environmental challenges, particularly the issue of water pollution caused by the improper disposal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Protecting the environment is essential for creating a sustainable future, leading researchers and the public to focus on innovative remediation strategies. As a result, the development of new "green"-oriented, low-cost, and efficient materials for environmental remediation, especially for the removal of pollutants from water bodies, remains a vibrant area of research. The 14 original research articles and two review papers included in this Special Issue aim to explore new methods beyond sorption, biodegradation, and catalytic degradation while also introducing new materials and composites for effective (waste)water treatment and purification.
Calculating Theoretical Yield Is Not Impossible!
Calculating theoretical and percent yield is a fundamental skill for the laboratory. This book primarily targets Organic Chemistry Laboratory courses at the high school or college and university level, as a supplemental resource to help students master this skill.
Modeling and Simulation of Polymer Composites
This reprint contains eleven original articles from the Special Issue titled "Modeling and Simulation of Polymer Composites". The included articles address various aspects of composite theory and modeling, ranging from processing (polymerization kinetics) to mechanical and physical properties, including viscoelasticity, fatigue, and fracture.
Chitosan and graphene-based nanocomposites used in absorption
With the development of human civilization, the development of technology and the growing population, the world is now facing a problem called pollution that threatens the lives of the inhabitants of the planet. Pollution caused by the accumulation of soil and water with stable toxic compounds such as chemicals, salts, heavy metals and radioactive materials are among the causes of many diseases that have a profound effect on the health of humans, animals and even plants. The emission of heavy metals in the environment has caused many problems in the world due to the industrialization of society and the expansion of urbanization. In this study, using biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric materials such as chitosan beads and graphene functionalized with amine functional groups as one of the most widely used nanoparticles in chitosan beads adsorption of cadmium metal ions from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, chitosan / graphene nanocomposite granules with weight percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 5% were prepared using a solution method.
Calculating Theoretical Yield Is Not Impossible!
Calculating theoretical and percent yield is a fundamental skill for the laboratory. This book primarily targets Organic Chemistry Laboratory courses at the high school or college and university level, as a supplemental resource to help students master this skill.
Cadmium
Cadmium is a heavy metal with proven toxic effects, omnipresent in various sectors such as industry and agriculture. Its toxicity manifests itself principally through damage to the kidneys, liver and immune system, and it can also interfere with essential metals such as zinc, aggravating its harmful effects. Cadmium contamination poses serious environmental challenges, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem health through bioaccumulation in the food chain. Faced with these challenges, it is crucial to implement prevention strategies, such as strict regulations, sustainable agricultural practices and awareness-raising campaigns. Decontamination of polluted sites must also be a priority, using methods such as phytoremediation and soil stabilization. The mobilization of everyone, from governments to citizens, is essential to reduce cadmium exposure and ensure a safer, healthier future for all.
Organic Spectroscopy Technology and Applications
Organic Spectroscopy Technology and Applications is an essential guide to the principles and practices of spectroscopy in organic chemistry. This comprehensive text covers the fundamentals of the electromagnetic spectrum, UV-visible, infrared (IR), Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry, providing a structured approach to understanding each technique's role in molecular analysis. Designed for students and professionals alike, the book emphasizes problem-solving and structural analysis, offering a methodical progression through each technique to build practical expertise. Illustrated with detailed diagrams and real-world spectra, the text also includes solved examples to reinforce learning and enhance application skills. Key Features: - Comprehensive coverage of core spectroscopy techniques: UV-visible, IR, Raman, NMR, and mass spectrometry.- Step-by-step explanations and problem-solving techniques for structural analysis.- Numerous illustrations and spectra for visual learning.
Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials
Luminescent materials, including fluorescent and phosphorescent materials, have drawn a lot of interest and have been thoroughly studied in a variety of fields, including light-emitting diodes, cellular imaging, chemo/biosensing, and photodetectors. This Reprint focuses on various luminescent materials that are currently the focus of research, such as carbon dots, perovskites, metal complexes, lanthanide phosphors, and luminescent hybrid materials, exploring their photophysical properties and achieving promising applications in chemical sensing and photocatalysis.
Bioactive Dental Materials
Regardless of the type or extent of dental treatment, its success depends on the properties of the materials used for the reconstruction of damaged or lost tissues. Although current dental materials perform reasonably well, a considerable amount of research is still being conducted to overcome material shortcomings that negatively affect the success and long-term prognosis of treatment. Bioactivity, broadly defined as the ability of materials to interact with living tissues, is an interesting property that can be used to improve the outcomes of various dental treatments. Bioactive dental materials represent a broad and fast-growing field of research with the potential to improve the quality of various dental treatments. This Special Issue contains original studies on the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of various bioactive materials for use in restorative dentistry, endodontics, periodontology, orthodontics, and prosthodontics.
Surface Properties and Surface Treatments of Wood and Wood-Based Composites
The surface properties of wood have to be fully understood and tailored to the particular purpose. Proper surface characterization and treatment methods must be selected to obtain the most relevant surface properties. Some surface treatment processes are well established, such as the surface finishing of wood with coatings, and others are less known, and their potentials are underestimated. In this Special Issue, novel materials to improve the properties of wood are considered, such as thermochromic microcapsules or biocide-containing capsules, novel superhydrophobic and inorganic silicate-based coatings, etc. Novel wood treatment technologies, such as plasma treatment, are also included in this issue.
Gels for Removal and Adsorption
This Special Issue is focused on the application of gels for adsorption and removal. The targeted substances include, but are not limited to, gaseous, liquid, and solid states. The gaseous matters can be poisonous gases, greenhouse gases, etc. The liquid matters include wastewaters containing oils, heavy metal ions, radioactive materials, dyes, and antibiotics. This Special Issue shows research on the adsorption and removal of other special states of matter, such as plasmas, supercritical materials, liquid crystals, and superconductive materials. More importantly, the adsorption and removal mechanisms of gels, especially structure-activity relationships, should also be highlighted. This Special Issue also covers gels for the absorption and controlled release of drugs in postoperative repair dressing and wound healing. For these applications, the gels have to be constructed responsively or intelligently geared towards certain environmental stimulation, such as pH, light, magnetic field, electric field, and temperature for controlled drug release. The publication of original research articles, rapid communications, and reviews in this Special Issue will make an important contribution to developing gels for removal and adsorption.
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella and Listeria Species in Poultry Meat and their Products
Master's Thesis from the year 2023 in the subject Chemistry - Food Chemistry, course: Department of Food Hygiene & Control, language: English, abstract: This study investigates the presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. in broiler chicken meat and products in Menoufia governorate, Egypt. A total of 100 random samples were collected, including 50 fresh chicken cuts (breast and thigh) and 50 frozen breaded half-cooked products (chicken nuggets and chicken burgers). The samples were transported to the Food Hygiene and Control Research Lab, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, and analyzed following ISO 6579:2020 for Salmonella spp. and ISO 11290:2017 for Listeria spp. The results revealed Salmonella contamination in 6% of the samples and Listeria contamination in 14%. Among the Salmonella isolates, three serotypes were identified: Salmonella paratyphi A (1%), Salmonella Heidelberg (1%), and Salmonella Typhimurium (4%). Real-time PCR confirmed the presence of the invA gene in all Salmonella-positive samples. For Listeria spp., six species were detected: L. monocytogenes (3%), L. ivanovii (2%), L. seeligeri (2%), L. innocua (3%), L. welshimeri (2%), and L. grayi (2%). This study highlights the significant presence of foodborne pathogens in chicken meat and products, underscoring the need for stringent hygiene practices and regular monitoring to ensure public health safety.
The non-covalent of complexes of humic substances
The monograph presents the theoretical principles and experimental data in the field of supramolecular chemistry of humic substances. New view on the structural organization of humic substances is proposed. The mechanisms of formation of the non-covalent complexes in specific reactions of humic substances associated with their functioning in natural and technological processes are considered. Methods for quantitative assessment of molecular recognition in the processes of formation of non-covalent complexes of humic substances with various substrates are described.
Modified lipases. Approaches and prospects in sugar chemistry
The development of green products and processes that are competitive with chemical products and processes is currently based on the concepts of green chemistry and sustainable development. To this end, lipases from different strains are modified by the immobilization process, i.e. adsorption onto a solid support and encapsulation by non-ionic surfactants. They are characterized using scanning electron microscopy techniques, combined with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and X-ray diffraction.They are then tested in the production of sugar-based biosurfactants.
Organic Chemistry and Industrial Development
The document explores industrial organic chemistry in depth, from its historical evolution to its modern applications. It covers raw materials such as oil, natural gas, coal and biomass, detailing transformation processes such as distillation, cracking and polymerization to produce essential materials (plastics, solvents, etc.). The focus is on applications in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and consumer goods sectors. A major section deals with environmental challenges and innovations in green chemistry, with a focus on biodegradable polymers and the circular economy. The book concludes with the importance of emerging technologies (AI, nanotechnologies) for a sustainable future.
Chemistry didactics and ICTE
Information and communication technologies (ICT) are undergoing rapid development, and are being introduced in all areas. These technologies are becoming essential tools, forcing all countries to establish policies for their widespread use in the education system to meet the challenges they face. Information and Communication Technologies would be a good way of complementing experience, not replacing it. Teachers argue that the constraints and difficulties linked to the integration of ICT are essentially due to a lack of infrastructure and support (training).
Understand Voltammetry (4th Ed)
The power of electrochemical measurements in respect of thermodynamics, kinetics and analysis is widely recognised but the subject can be unpredictable to the novice even if they have a strong physical and chemical background, and most especially if they wish to pursue quantitative measurements. Accordingly, some significant experiments are perhaps wisely never attempted, while the literature is sadly replete with flawed attempts at rigorous voltammetry.This textbook considers how to go about designing, explaining and interpreting experiments centred on various forms of voltammetry (cyclic, microelectrode, hydrodynamic, etc.). The reader is assumed to have knowledge of physical chemistry equivalent to Master's level but no exposure to electrochemistry in general, or voltammetry in particular. While the book is designed to stand alone, references to important research papers are given to provide an introductory entry into the literature.In this fourth edition, important parts of the text have been re-written for optimal clarity, recognising that many readers will not have English as a first language. Updates to the text have been made and new material added, expanding the text whilst retaining the overall concise, to-the-point approach which has proved popular with the readers of the previous editions.
Clay Modification & Their Characterizations
Clay and Modified Clay have been characterized using various techniques, including XRD, SEM, EDAX, and FTIR. CTAB has been used as a surfactant to modify the clay's surface properties and enhance its adsorption capabilities. XRD analysis revealed that the modified clay had a more ordered structure than the raw clay due to the incorporation of CTAB molecules onto its surface. SEM and EDAX analyses demonstrated that the modified clay had a more uniform morphology with a higher surface area, which is attributed to the CTAB modification. FTIR analysis showed the presence of new functional groups on the modified clay surface, indicating the successful incorporation of CTAB. Modification of clay with CTAB has led to significant improvements in its adsorption capabilities, making it a promising material for various environmental and industrial applications. The use of these analytical techniques has provided valuable insights into the physical and chemical changes that occur during the clay modification process. Further studies on the modified clay's performance under different conditions are warranted to fully assess its potential as a sustainable and cost-effective adsorbent material.
Cocrystals of Sulfa Drugs
Sulfa drugs are highly effective antimicrobial agents against bacterial infections. However, they lose their spot in the market against other commercially available drugs owing to their either low solubility and/or permeability. They are either class II or class IV drugs in BCS classification, and therefore, have to be consumed in larger doses for effective medication. Consuming drugs in larger dose may lead to complexities/adverse effects (which are summarized in the introduction), and is also not an ideal business strategy. Though sulfa drugs are replaced in the pharmaceutical market by other active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), they are still useful because of their low cost and efficient action against common bacterial diseases. Therefore, addressing their solubility and permeability issues are still valid. One of the strategies that is generally used to improve the solubility of APIs is by using crystal engineering principles, wherein, solid forms of APIs are formulated as cocrystals with different bio-acceptable coformers.
Understand Voltammetry (4th Ed)
The power of electrochemical measurements in respect of thermodynamics, kinetics and analysis is widely recognised but the subject can be unpredictable to the novice even if they have a strong physical and chemical background, and most especially if they wish to pursue quantitative measurements. Accordingly, some significant experiments are perhaps wisely never attempted, while the literature is sadly replete with flawed attempts at rigorous voltammetry.This textbook considers how to go about designing, explaining and interpreting experiments centred on various forms of voltammetry (cyclic, microelectrode, hydrodynamic, etc.). The reader is assumed to have knowledge of physical chemistry equivalent to Master's level but no exposure to electrochemistry in general, or voltammetry in particular. While the book is designed to stand alone, references to important research papers are given to provide an introductory entry into the literature.In this fourth edition, important parts of the text have been re-written for optimal clarity, recognising that many readers will not have English as a first language. Updates to the text have been made and new material added, expanding the text whilst retaining the overall concise, to-the-point approach which has proved popular with the readers of the previous editions.
Numerical Periodic Table
A wide range of chemical clusters have been analyzed and categorized by three interrelated methods. These are: Using skeletal numbers, Using capping indices and Using 2N series. In this way, cluster configurations K*= DzCy were derived. A cluster configuration is extremely important as we can derive the following information from it, namely: the cluster number K, the K(n) parameter, the CLUSTER VALENCE ELECTRONS, using the 4 equations of cluster valence electrons, and the isomeric shapes of the cluster. This book gives selected samples of capping series of CLUSTER GROUPS (D-z and Dz). The cluster valence electron tables show that cluster valence electron series have no beginning and no end. It is just an infinite universe of chemical clusters and elements.
