Tungsten Based Nanocomposite Coatings for Industrial Applications
In this contribution, it is tried sketch different types of thin film fabrication technologies in general. Technological details of fabrication of thin films employing electroless method are discussed in detail, with their principles. Also, the analytical methods to characterize the deposited think films are presented here. In this view, this collection is very significant for the researchers who are interested in designing thin films aiming for specific applications.
Teaching strategy for introducing experimental activities
This research has made it possible to develop a didactic strategy for the introduction of experimental activities in the treatment of the L礙 Chatelier principle. The previous study carried out through the diagnosis and processing of data in different secondary and higher education institutions, revealed shortcomings that are manifested in limited consultation material for the practice of experimental activities, weak methodological guidance in the program, lack of experimental activity, particularly in the content of the L礙 Chatelier principle, among others. In order to minimize this problem, this support and consultation material with actions has been drawn up, which will enable chemistry teachers to seek motivation, guidance and direction in order to achieve the objectives, thus fostering meaningful learning for the students.
DFT and Adme Studies on New Sulfonamide Compound
Sulfonamides or "sulfa drugs" are a group of drugs used to treat bacterial infections. They may be prescribed to treat urinary tract infections, bronchitis, eye infections, bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, ear infections, severe burns, traveler's diarrhea, and other conditions. In this study, stable structure of 4- ((6,7-dihydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl) methylamino) -N-(3,4-dimethyloxoazol-5-yl) benzenesulfonamide compound was obtained by performing geometry optimization calculation and bond lengths, bond angles and torsion angles were determined. These structural parameters were compared with similar molecules found in the literature. Then, its spectroscopic properties such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR were calculated theoretically. The vibrational frequencies of the compound were assigned. The calculated theoretical results were compared with the experimental data. Finally, the electronic energies, dipole moments, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, polarizability and hyperpolarizability values of the studied compound were calculated and it was determined whether it exhibits drug properties in ADME work was carried out.
Molecular Information Field
The book is devoted to the original concept of the information field (IF) of a molecule developed by the authors, which opens a new view of a molecule as an object forming information in the surrounding space. In this regard, the concept of IP goes beyond chemistry and can be applied to any object (physical body). However, the authors are professional organic chemists and therefore focused their attention on fundamental aspects of molecular structure and its influence on the properties of organic compounds within the framework of QSAR/QSPR models, using the possibilities of the developed FE concept. It should be especially emphasized that the proposed concept does not use any esoteric theories, supernatural phenomena and the like. Our FE concept is based only on natural-scientific ideas, which are based on Shannon's probabilistic approach to measuring the amount of information.The main objective of our book is to show the possibilities of the developed FE concept for solving a variety of chemical problems. Given the universality of our concept, we hope that specialists of other fields will be able to transform our ideas for their problems where other (non-molecular) objects are considered.
Experiments upon Magnesia Alba, Quicklime, and some other Alcaline Substances
Collapsar Classics, inspired by the centuries-long popularity of abridgments with readers and the astronomical marvel of two stars combining into a collapsar, provides condensed reading experiences that distill the essence of each work into an engaging and convenient 4" x 6" phone-sized paperback that can go anywhere and is a wonderful side gift for your favorite inquiring mind.In a world increasingly concerned about the environment and sustainability, the question of how to manage and utilize resources efficiently has taken center stage. This book, "Experiments upon Magnesia Alba, Quicklime, and Some Other Alkaline Substances" by Joseph Black, delves into the very foundations of chemistry and offers invaluable insights into the nature of materials like lime, magnesia, and alkalis. Black's meticulous experiments, conducted in the mid-18th century, provide a groundbreaking understanding of the role of fixed air (carbon dioxide) in these substances, paving the way for future advancements in chemical analysis and understanding. Through his innovative quantitative methods, Black unravels the secrets behind the reactions and transformations of these materials, revealing how they gain and lose weight, absorb air, and interact with acids. This comprehensive examination of the fundamental properties of lime, magnesia, and alkalis offers a historical lens on the evolution of chemistry and provides a foundation for understanding crucial processes like the production of quicklime, the formation of caustic alkali, and the role of these materials in various chemical reactions. This reprint of Black's seminal work is a must-read for researchers, students, and anyone interested in the history and practice of chemistry, as it presents a compelling narrative of scientific discovery, experimentation, and the profound impact of understanding the nature of everyday substances.
Rotary Drum
Rotary Drum: Fluid Dynamics, Dimensioning Criteria, and Industrial Applications provides in-depth analysis of fluid dynamics in rotary drums. In addition, it provides analysis on the different configurations, including nonconventional ones, diverse industrial applications, and comparison with competing dryer types, as well as the modeling of these devices.Covering important aspects of fluid dynamics in rotary drums, which directly influence the drying performance, the book also considers the significant cost of conventional rotary dryers. It takes into account the scale-up of rotary dryers and the control of product quality during processing, which can leave the final product overdried and overheated, wasting thermal energy.The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of drying technology.
The Elements
REVISED AND UPDATED EDITION Here is the latest edition of this essential guide to the Periodic Table, an authoritative reference book and timeline with at-a-glance information for every element. The Periodic Table, set out by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, is the result of centuries of accumulated knowledge. It is a powerful yet elegant tool that opens a window onto the very stuff of nature - stars, rocks, life, and more -and it shows us the way to make ever smarter technologies. One hundred ponderables, the puzzles solved and inspirations reached, tell the story of how the Periodic Table came to be. The journey begins just as the first cities are forming and follows the contributions made by philosophers, alchemists, industrialists, and great scientists. It ends with the synthesis of superheavy elements never seen before on Earth - and an understanding of how the universe really works. 100 milestone facts reveal the chronological history of how the weighty problems in the world of chemistry led to great discoveries. Authoritative but lively text, first-hand imagery, and explanatory illustrations set out the reasoning behind the Periodic Table, bringing the elements into clear focus. Includes a 12-page fold-out Timeline poster - stretches out to 8.5 feet (2.6 meters) long. The Elements is part of the bestselling 100 Ponderables series which tackles STEM subjects by partnering lively text about significant milestones with stunning illustrations. Every book includes a timeline/chart poster which puts these milestones in historical context. Perfect for smart kids and curious adults!
Engineering
REVISED AND UPDATED EDITION Here is the latest edition of this essential guide to engineering, an authoritative reference book and timeline about how technology has given shape to our civilization. Engineering predates humanity; Homo habilis was knapping hand axes from fist-sized flints more than a thousand centuries before the dawn of modern humans. Admittedly the development of technology was slow back then--but we've made up for lost time since. Striding from the Stone Age to Silicon Valley in 100 steps, we will see how our inventors have seized every scientific breakthrough, new material, and better understanding to improve daily life and expand the scope of civilization. From reshaping rivers and containing the forces of nature to constructing artificial lifeforms and perhaps one day even taming alien planets, engineers think big. These men and women of action make our world. A guide to each field of engineering and the materials they employ gives an insight into their achievements, their limits, and what might come next. Includes biographies of the great engineers, such as Archimedes, Tesla, and Watt, showing the inspirations that lay behind their goals. A graphical representation of engineering milestones, showing the first, biggest, and fastest from across the field boosts the contents for all readers. Includes a 12-page fold-out Timeline poster - stretches out to 8.5 feet (2.6 meters) long. Engineering is part of the bestselling 100 Ponderables series which tackles STEM subjects by partnering lively text about significant milestones with stunning illustrations. Every book includes a timeline/chart poster which puts these milestones in historical context. Perfect for smart kids and curious adults!
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents is a book series intended for pharmaceutical scientists, postgraduate students and researchers seeking updated and critical information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in anti-cancer research. Reviews in each volume are written by experts in medical oncology and clinical trials research and compile the latest information available on special topics of interest to oncology and pharmaceutical chemistry researchers. Volume 9 features reviews on these topics: -Dietary Strategy for Cancer Therapy - Amino Acid Restrictions and Beyond. -The Revolutionary Potential of Noble Metal Nanoparticles as Anti-Cancer Agents: State-of-the-Art Applications and Future Perspectives. -Algal Polysaccharides as Promising Anticancer Agents. -Cardiotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab: Current Understanding for Future Preventive Strategies. -Emodin: Anticancer Agent.
2D Materials
2D Materials: Chemistry and Applications, Part 2 addresses the cutting-edge advancements in the synthesis, functionalization, and applications of two-dimensional materials, focusing on graphene and other emerging materials like boron nitride, germanene, silicene, and stanene. This volume explores the potential of these materials in energy storage, nanoelectronics, waste management, and more, while addressing challenges like toxicity and cost-effective production. The book highlights innovative approaches to graphene-based supercapacitors, nanoparticle-functionalized graphene, and the application of 2D materials in diverse fields. It also provides insights into the toxicity and remediation strategies of graphene family materials and outlines the roadmap for sustainable graphene production. This book is ideal for researchers, academics, and professionals in materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and environmental engineering. Key Features: -Advanced applications of graphene-based supercapacitors.-Functionalization and applications of boron nitride, germanene, silicene, and stanene.-Insights into graphene toxicity and remediation approaches.-Roadmap for cost-effective graphene production and waste management.
Alternative Medicines for Diabetes Management
Apart from diet and exercise, the strategic use of different classes of prescribed or non-prescribed xenobiotic compounds for the restoration of euglycemic levels in the body is well known. The ongoing rivalry between the recommended usage of allopathic medicines versus ayurvedic remedies has encouraged many researchers to focus their studies on thoroughly isolating and characterizing the extracts from different parts of plants and then evaluating their relative activities via in vitro, in vivo and in some cases clinical studies. Alternative Medicines for Diabetes Management: Advances in Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry provides a holistic view of all oral therapies for diabetes mellitus that are available to the public by removing the silos and stigmas that are associated with both allopathic and ayurvedic medicines. Additional Features Include: Highlights the potential role of dietary and medicinal plant materials in the prevention, treatment, and control of diabetes and its complications. Educates readers on the benefits and shortcomings of the various present and potential oral therapies for diabetes mellitus. Allows quick identification and retrieval of material by researchers learning the efficacy, associated dosage and toxicity of each of the classes of compounds. Presents the history, nomenclature, mechanisms of action and shortcomings for each of the various sub-classes of allopathic therapeutants for diabetes mellitus and then introduces ayurvedic medicines. Section C discusses various metallopharmaceuticals and provides a holistic view of all available and potential therapies for the disease.
Functional Macromolecular Complexes
Functional macromolecular complexes are classified as distinctive functional material groups in the fields of chemistry and materials science. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the synthesis and applications of functional macromolecular complexes with a focus on Japanese chemists who are leading this field. Translated from the original Japanese title, it gives an overview of the synthesis, structures, functions, and applications of functional macromolecular complexes in an easily understandable manner. Useful for students who are interested in functional materials, as well as researchers and young scientists new to coordination chemistry in academic and industry settings, the book will help to generate new scientific and technological advances for the future.
Solution Chemistry of 1,8-Cineole
Study of thermodynamics and transport properties of solvent-solute system is key to identify molecular level interaction in liquid system. This study also includes the spectral analysis to further supports the outcome. This book dedicated to discussing the chemistry of solvent-solute interaction in well know solvents. The content of these book will be useful to graduates, postgraduates, and research scholars for their professional development in this field.
Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms of the Himalayas
This book, as part of the "Natural Products Chemistry of Global Plants" series, describes in detail the health-promoting wild edible and medicinal mushrooms specific to the Himalayas region. The focus of the book is to draw on the rich culture, folklore, and environment of the Upper Himalayas, which represents a scientifically significant region. The Himalayas has rich plant resources and a large diversity of plants and mushrooms, which can provide important health benefits as detailed throughout the text. Drawing attention to these mushrooms with detailed scientific descriptions may help in the awareness and in developing sustainable growth of these important resources.Features Provides an opportunity to describe the wild edible and medicinal mushrooms from this scientifically significant region. Represents a wider variety of mushrooms than previously published in other books. Presents more content related to traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, distribution, processing, toxicology, conservation, and future prospective of individual mushrooms. The plants and mushrooms of the region are valuable resources not only to local populations but to those living outside the region. Scientists are monitoring the rich Himalayan plant resources and the consequences of climate change on this precarious ecosystem.
Sustainable Development and Application of Renewable Chemicals from Biomass and Waste II
This reprint compiles groundbreaking research focused on sustainable industrial solutions, addressing key areas like wastewater treatment, renewable energy, biomass valorization, and waste recycling. Through a series of articles, readers will explore innovative methods for minimizing environmental impacts while promoting resource efficiency. Topics include the removal of petrochemical pollutants, natural sorbents for dye treatment, microbial fuel cells for energy recovery, and hydrogen production using waste-derived catalysts. Additional articles cover advancements in biofuel production, plastic recycling, and machine learning in gasification. This collection serves as a valuable reference for scientists, engineers, and decision-makers dedicated to advancing sustainability in their fields.
Design of Polymeric Hydrogels Biomaterials
Hydrogels have become one of the most promising biomaterials in recent years due to their biocompatibility, versatility, and ability to mimic biological tissues and are already widely used in areas such as ophthalmology, cardiovascular health, wound healing, and regenerative medicine. These materials can be produced in the form of films, 3D-printed structures, fibers, or nanoparticles and tailored to serve as platforms for the sustained delivery of drugs and/or other bioactive molecules. Some more advanced hydrogels exhibit smart stimuli-responsive behaviors, offer self-healing capacity, or shape memory properties. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in designing new hydrogels that are both safe and high-performing. This reprint gathers some of the most recent achievements related to the synthesis, characterization, and application of the new generation of hydrogels, covering issues from the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for hydrogel development to their most innovative uses.
Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors
As the representatives of energy and power devices, lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion capacitors have developed rapidly in recent years. Lithium-ion batteries have in fact become the first choice for new energy vehicles, 3C electronic products, and electrochemical energy storage. Due to their high power densities, energy densities, and long cycle lives, the application of lithium-ion capacitors in automotive energy recovery, electrochemical energy storage and power assistance, fast charging, and high functional devices could be promising. However, there are many problems that remain unsolved regarding the basic research and application of lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion capacitors. This Reprint focuses on lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion capacitors, including the increases in the capacities, rates, and lifespans of electrode materials; the increases in ion transmission and storage capacitis of anodes and cathodes; and the improvements in the electrode/electrolyte interface and stability of the solid electrolyte interphase. On the other hand, the progress of surface density of electrodes and proportion of active substances have become key issues related to research on lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion capacitors. Furthermore, pack design, stacking technology, equalization technology, SOC estimation, operation, and monitoring are also crucial to the application of lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion capacitors as power supply equipment.
Green Chemistry - Synthesis of Biginelli Scafolds
Since the last decade, the paradigm has been shifted to "Green Chemistry" to meet the challenges of sustainable development. It has become the quest and challenge for chemists to develop green reaction process without affecting their efficiency to reduce the environmental impact. Further, it is likely that the green chemistry trend will continue to grow over the next few decades. Interestingly, the Biginelli-scaffolds have shown promising value in drug development as they exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. During the past years, copious research has been done on Biginelli-scaffolds and several reaction conditions were reported to ease the classical Biginelli-reaction.This book provides insights on green method for the synthesis of Biginelli-scaffolds by both microwave and conventional methods using sulfamicacid as a potential catalyst and further synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihyropyrimidin-2(3H)-onesand biological screening for various pharmacological activities.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticide Residues in Different Soils
Photocatalytic degradation is a technique for removing pesticide residues from soil, which addresses environmental concerns. It employs photocatalysts such as Iron doped titanium dioxide (Fe-TiO2) or zinc oxide (ZnO) exposed to UV light to degrade complex pesticide molecules into less harmful compounds. TiO2 is more effective than ZnO at degrading certain pesticides in hours. The efficiency of degradation is determined by soil type, photocatalyst concentration, and UV light wavelength.Agricultural soils are particularly interested in this method due to the abundance of pesticides used. A study found that using Fe-TiO2 photocatalyst under UV light significantly improves the degradation process. The process also has the potential to mineralize pesticides, converting them into carbon dioxide, water, and other inorganic compounds.
Development and Validation of HPTLC and RP-UHPLC Method for Analysis
The present research focuses on the development and validation of two advanced chromatographic methods High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Reverse Phase Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UHPLC) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) in diuretic formulations. Punarnava is a well-known medicinal plant traditionally used for its diuretic properties. The methods were optimized to achieve high precision, accuracy, and sensitivity for the identification and quantification of bioactive compounds in complex herbal formulations.These validated methods offer reliable analytical tools for the standardization and quality control of diuretic formulations containing Punarnava, ensuring consistency and efficacy in pharmaceutical preparations.
The Periodic Table of Nanoelements
Nanoelements are the cornerstone of nanoscience and nanotechnology is nanomaterials. In recent years, research and development activities in the broad and interdisciplinary field of nanostructure science and technology have exploded worldwide. It has the potential to fundamentally change the way materials and products are manufactured and the variety and type of functions they can perform. It is already having a major commercial impact and this will undoubtedly increase in the future. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are multidisciplinary fields that deal with materials and processes at the nanoscale, using a range of components and often manipulating individual atoms. In this book, a new perspective on what the familiar periodic table can offer scientists studying nanomaterials, the classification, the various techniques of their synthesis and characterization, the correlation between the amazing unique physicochemical properties of the nanoelements of the periodic table, and their direct impact on the development of civilization and technologies in our modern lives.
Extraction of Lycopene from Edible Berry Solanum lycopersicum
Lycopene is a carotenoid pigment and phytochemical found in tomatoes, water melon and other fruits mostly red coloured. The antioxidant properties of lycopene have attracted attentions due to its biological properties and are thought to be primarily responsible for its benefits in health related problems. Extraction of lycopene can be done with benzene extraction method. Lycopene crystals were obtained by extraction of tomato peel isolated from processing waste followed by crystallisation.
Towards Sustainable and Innovative Chemistry
This book explores sustainable chemistry and the role of inorganic materials in the transition to environmentally friendly energy solutions. It defines sustainable chemistry and its principles, traces the evolution of sustainable materials, and highlights the importance of metal complexes in catalysis. Water electrolysis technologies for hydrogen production are also examined, as are the challenges associated with their use, such as cost and toxicity. In addition, the book discusses the societal impact of sustainable technologies, highlighting the importance of social acceptability and sustainability policies. Finally, it proposes future perspectives focusing on innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and public awareness, in order to transform challenges into opportunities and foster a sustainable future.
Use the Sun and fiber optics to provide 24 hours' work of bomb shelters
In this book, the author revealed the mechanism of the round the-clock solar lighting of bomb shelter, using a light receiver that dynamically tracks the light activity of sunlight, collected during the day, transmitted via optical fiber to bomb shelters for lighting the rooms, which charges the batteries of photocells, located in the most illuminated places of these rooms, the electric current from which at night turns on LEDs, located next to the interior lights of the rooms, until the batteries are completely discharged in the morning. The-round-the-clock, continuous production of hydrogen and oxygen of the bomb shelters life support system in a specially designed photoelectrolyzer-generator is achieved by using sunlight from a light receiver, transmitted via optical fiber as a light for the photoelectrolyzer-generator.The round-the-clock, continuous production of hydrogen and oxygen permitted to develop non-stop charging of fuel elements of electric vehicle engine and non-stop movement of an electric vehicle both during the day and at night.
Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials
Manipulation of matter at the nanoscale level is the key factor in nanotechnology, and it is considered as a great driving force behind the current industrial revolution since it offers facile and feasible remedies for many problems. Because of the unique characteristic properties of nanomaterials, they can be employed in a wide variety of fields such as agriculture and food technology, catalysis, biomedical applications, tissue culture engineering, and fertilizers. In this regard, characterization of nanomaterials plays a significant role in determining their optical, thermal, and physicochemical properties. Many techniques have been used in nanomaterial characterization, and the most important techniques are discussed in detail in this book with their principles, basic operation procedures, and applications with suitable examples. In summary, this book offers broad content on the most important chemical and structural characterization techniques of nanomaterials.The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including the following: Provides a comprehensive understanding of physical and chemical characterization techniques of nanomaterials Includes details about basic principles of each characterization technique with appropriate examples Covers most of the important characterization techniques that should be known to undergraduate/early career scientists/beginners in materials chemistry Provides all the basic knowledge to understand and carry out the respective analysis of nanomaterials Fulfills the timely need of a book that covers the most important and useful characterization techniques in nanomaterial characterization Up to date, there are no other books/book chapters which discuss most of these nanocharacterization techniques in one segment with all the basic instrumentation details and narrated examples of nanomaterial characterization. In a nutshell, this book will be a great asset to undergraduates/early career scientists/beginners of material science as it provides a comprehensive and complete understanding of most of the techniques used in nanocharacterization tools in a short time. Intended audience is based on science education while specifically focusing on undergraduates/graduate students/early scientists and beginners of chemistry, materials chemistry, and nanotechnology and nanoscience.
Terpenoids
This unique volume covers specific aspects of the biological chemistry of terpenoids. It provides extensive information related to classification, general methods of extraction and isolation of terpenoids, synthesis and pharmacological activities of monoterpenoids, synthesis and medicinal uses of diterpenoids, biogenesis of terpenoids, synthesis and medicinal uses of sesqui terpenoids and sesterpenoids. Some terpenes are also classified as diterpene alkaloids. Most of the terpenoids with diverse molecular structures are biologically active and are used for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, malaria, inflammation, tuberculosis and infection, and this is discussed.Features: Activities and biological relationships of terpenes An accurate assessment of where and what terpenes can lead to Discusses how microbes, in particular the actinomycetales, have well over 400 different gene clusters that produce terpenes Arranged by biological activities and usage Provides information on eukaryotic enzymes that have been shown to be a source of "ethnobotanical" terpenes
Growth mechanisms of complex organics
The possible mechanisms of formation of PAHs and PANHs in different environments such as interstellar media under different ionizing conditions were investigated. Reactions of benzene radical cations with acetylene produce styrene and naphthalene-type cations at high temperatures are demonstrated. Ion molecule reactions of pyridine cation, benzonitrile cation and pyrimidine radical cation with acetylene are studied. Formation of complex organics with fused nitrogen atom in an aromatic ring is reported. Formation of PAHs over nanoparticle surfaces is carried out by studying polymerization of acetylene over Pd nanocatalyst and supported Pd nanocatalyst over MgO and CeO2 prepared by the LVCC technique under different temperature conditions are also reported in the book. Results of the ion-molecule reactions, associative charge transfer (ACT) and catalytic polymerization over catalysts surfaces' of acetylene interacting with different aromatic and heterocyclic cations could explain the different possible pathways of formation of complex organics in different ionizing environments in carbon-rich interstellar media in space.
Genetic engineering in bioremediation of petroleum contamination
The incessant release of petroleum (crude oil) contaminants into natural environments and ecosystems and the resulting effect(s) of their unwavering persistence on such environments' inhabiting communities has provoked the arising global concerns. The nature of xenobiotics and their ecotoxicological impact on the environment are found to be detrimental not only to organisms of the affected ecosystems' inhabiting communities, but via food chain and energy transfer humans are not excluded - the aftermath of their ingestion could have hemotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, genotoxic, mutagenic effects, etc., as the case may be. As a result of high environmental contamination, almost every specie on planet Earth is continuously confronted with the struggle for survival, hence the need for development of efficient and effective techniques for remediation of contaminated/polluted environments is of paramount importance.
Cobalamin Synthesis Protocol
This book examines cobalamins, including hydroxocobalamin, ethylcobalamin and glutathionecobalamin, highlighting their structure, synthesis and applications. Essential to health, cobalamins play a key role in DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation. Detailed synthesis protocols guarantee efficient methods for their production. In medicine, they are used to treat deficiencies and as antidotes, while in research, they serve as valuable tools for studying various biological processes. Analytical techniques such as microanalysis and UV-visible spectroscopy ensure product quality. Future prospects in this field promise to enrich our understanding of diseases and improve treatments.
Porous Materials for Energy and Environment Applications
The Topic on "Porous Materials for Energy and Environment Applications" presents groundbreaking research on the utilization of porous materials for innovative energy and environmental solutions. Topics include the use of biochar from waste eggshells and peanut shells for rural sewage treatment and the development of multiscale porous carbon via metal-organic frameworks for advanced water purification. Other studies explore PEGylated PVDF membranes for antifouling, the impact of rotation on gas storage in nanoporous materials, and novel electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution. Furthermore, we obtain insights into the performance of modified bio-based adsorbents and zeolite nanosheets in various applications of pollutant removal.
Heritage Conservation and Restoration
The scope of this Special Issue was to collect together all the new research activities related to the research line (topic) and encourage researchers to read new research activities in one place. All these research studies will be helpful for finding out research innovations. Moreover, this reprint will provide easy access to collated articles for the readers.
Solid State Batteries
Solid state batteries with solid electrolytes are considered to be the next generation of energy storage devices. However, several challenges remain, such as insufficient ionic conductivity at room temperature and poor interfacial contact between the solid electrolyte and electrodes. This Special Issue presents the recent progress in the area of solid state batteries, including solid state Li batteries, Na batteries and Na-CO2 batteries.
Railway Vehicle Coating According to the DBS 918300 Paint Standard of German Railways
Have you always wanted to know how German Railway (Deutsche Bahn) coats its rail vehicles? There is a coating standard for this, DBS 918 300, which describes in great detail the properties of the individual coating materials used to paint railway vehicles. However, it contains hardly any direct instructions on how to apply this standard in practice in order to achieve a correct coating structure on the railway vehicle or its components. The aim of this book is to enable the user to understand and apply the relationships between the individual sheets and their range of applications. As no such compilation existed before, I decided to compile my decades of experience in this field in a compact form to give future users a tool for dealing with this standard. This book is a guide to putting the German Railway coating standard into practice.
Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II
The following Special Issue focuses on all of the above classes of materials and the areas of physical metallurgy, process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modeling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena.Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties over their service lives via microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of this Special Issue on the physical metallurgy of metals and alloys is to bring together information on the recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment described in our works on the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials as well as functional materials will also be included.
Heterocyclic Compounds in Medicinal Chemistry
Although current medicinal chemistry landscapes seem to have changed thanks to the great advent of modern biological drugs, small molecules remain of crucial prominance in the identification of new drugs. Indeed, small molecules exert therapeutically favorable advantages, such as oral administration, tailored distribution, cell membrane crossing, accessible synthesis, and standardization. As a result, heterocycle-based small-molecule drugs represent the majority fraction of drugs currently marketed or in development. On the other side, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, such as potency, selectivity, lipophilicity, polarity and water solubility can be modulated through the strategic inclusion of heterocycles in the molecule. Furthermore, heterocycles provide a fertile ground for the optimization of drug candidates due to their adaptable ability to hydrogen bond with target proteins, and the high prevalence of rings containing oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen derives from their widespread presence in a wide range of natural products, whose structural motifs have always been emulated by the efforts of medicinal chemistry.Taking all these aspects into account, this Special Issue has collected new studies and new perspectives on the topic, further emphasizing the challenges that are still open and possible in the field of medicinal chemistry.
2D Electrode Materials for Efficient Supercapacitors
Supercapacitors are significant class of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Energy storage mechanism is diverse in supercapacitors contrasted with batteries and which brings about presentation of high force thickness. The energy storage in supercapacitors is impacted by numerous parameters like nature of electrode material, current collector, electrolyte and so forth among which most critical is the morphology of the electrode.
AI and Advanced Bioinorganics
This book examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and molecular modeling combine to enrich the field of bioinorganics. It introduces the basic concepts of bioinorganics, modeling tools such as quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics and the Monte Carlo method, as well as the principles of AI, including supervised and unsupervised learning. Exploring the fusion of AI with these tools, the book illustrates practical case studies, addresses technical challenges, and offers insights for the future. It also provides resources and tools to deepen knowledge and foster innovation in these emerging fields.
Carbon Fiber Composites, Volume II
Many efforts have been made to create light-weight materials that maintain excellent physical and chemical properties, aiming at energy savings and property enhancement for aerospace, automotive, marine, and industrial applications over the past few decades. Among them, carbon fibers and their composites have attracted significant attention because of their unique properties, including high strength and modulus, novel dimensional stability, high surface area/volume ratios, low coefficient of thermal expansion, etc. Therefore, they have been widely applied in fields of energy storage, filtration, aircraft, etc., via advanced manufacturing technologies (i.e., wet/melt spinning, solution casting, 3D printing, etc.). The main aim of this Special Issue is to tackle the points mentioned above for the preparation, characterization, and properties of advanced carbon fibers and their composites to offer an insight into them, facilitating their practical applications in various fields.
Cinnamomun zeylanicum essential oil in the control of R. microplus
This book, written in didactic language, was designed to provide academic support on Essential Oils (EO) for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the areas of Chemistry, Pharmacy, Biology, Veterinary Science and Chemical Engineering. The book presents the topics in a systematic and logical order, emphasizing the use of the EO from the leaves of Cinamomum zeilanicum Blume with acaricidal activity. The work highlights the importance of determining the chemical composition of EOs, especially in the analysis of the majority components. The EO showed promising results in controlling the bovine tick Rhipicephalus microplus, demonstrating that the EO of this plant is a possible alternative to conventional synthetic products, since it has acaricidal action and shows parasite control.
Study the impact of pesticides on Labeo Rohita by using HPLC
The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of organo phosphorous pesticide Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrine and Endosulfan on the non target organisms of the fish Labeo Rohita for the following reasons. In India, the demand for the pesticides sold under various brand names has gone up from 1400 metric tones to 7500 metric tones in 1995 to 2005. The aquaculture forms that are being set up recently, in this region are suffering from the invasion of pesticides used in high quantities for agricultural practices. In India labeo rohita fish is one of the majar carps is heavily affected by the pesticides in toxication through leaching from the nearly agricultural fields and irrigation canals . The fish affected by the pesticides could pose a health problems to the consumers. According to the Central Insecticide Board, there are about 200 campanies authorized to manufacture formulations of these compounds Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin and Endosulfan pesticides preferred due to its quick knock down effect on insects and effective in controlling termites and other household pests. Toxicity experiments for Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin and Endosulfan were conducted using statistic system.
Organozinc Derivatives and Transition Metal Catalysts
Organozinc reagents are less reactive than Grignard reagents but they　are much more chemoselective. Since the　Negishi cross-coupling reaction developed by Ei-ichi Negishi, who was awarded the Nobel Price in chemistry in 2010, a number of cross-coupling reactions involving organozinc derivatives and transition metal catalysts (Pd, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, ...) has been tuned up to form C-C bonds. This book on "Organozinc derivatives and transition metal catalysts" has been　written by experts in the field and is a complement to the book entitled "Grignard reagents and transition metal catalysts" (a De Gruyter book, edited by J. Cossy). Grignard reagents or organozinc reagents, that is the question? From a given substrate, what is the best organometallic　reagent and the best transition metal to form a C-C bond by using a cross-coupling reaction? The solution might be found in these two books.
Biopolymer Composites
Biopolymer Composites covers a wide range of materials used in biocomposite products, from biopolymer, wood fiber, wood, and non-wood species. It discusses the preparation of the material, processing and end applications, and also reviews wood quality improvement through different types of treatments.
Lysine Decrypted
This book, "Lysine Decrypted", explores the crucial importance of this essential amino acid for our well-being. Often overlooked, lysine plays a central role in protein synthesis, bone health, collagen formation and immune system support. By providing detailed information on its biological roles, dietary sources, and the consequences of its deficiency, this guide aims to enlighten readers on how lysine can contribute to better health. Through practical advice and recent research, we hope to help everyone effectively integrate this vital amino acid into their daily diet and reap its many health benefits.
Evolutionary and Methodological Advances in Dendritic Macromolecule
This book by Dr. MohammedAbrar H. Malek provides a comprehensive examination of dendrimers, highlighting their synthesis, structural characterization, and potential applications in various fields. It delves into the historical context of dendritic polymers, tracing their evolution from the initial conceptualization by Flory in 1941 to the practical synthesis of monodisperse dendrimers by Tomalia in the 1980s. The text categorizes dendritic materials into subclasses such as dendrigraft polymers, dendrons, linear-dendritic block polymers, and more, elucidating their unique structural attributes. A significant portion of the book is dedicated to the methods of dendrimer synthesis, contrasting divergent and convergent approaches. It emphasizes the challenges faced by synthetic chemists in achieving high yields and purity, given the intricate branching required for dendrimer structures. The book also explores the nomenclature of dendrimers, detailing the evolution of terminology and the current conventions in describing their complex molecular architectures.
Benzimidazole Derivatives
Benzimidazole derivatives are potent pharmaceutical agents due to their therapeutic applications such as anticancer, analgesic, hypotensive, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, etc. Benzimidazole is one of the privileged scaffolds for drug design and discovery. Currently, we have designed, synthesized and characterized benzimidazole clubbed pyrazoline derivatives from 2-mercapto benzimidazole. These derivatives have been investigated for their antimicrobial activities as well as antioxidant activities. In silico molecular docking of all novel compounds was carried out to ensure their potential as an antibacterial.
