New Science Based Concepts for Increased Efficiency in Battery Recycling 2023
This Special Issue features 24 articles on current topics, exploring key conditions for effective battery recycling. It covers various battery types and processes, examining steps from initial crushing and mechanical pretreatment to material separation. Some studies investigate the use of air classifiers to separate battery foils and sensors for sorting components by material type. Other studies look into how different battery types affect these mechanical steps and the impact of thermal pretreatment on materials like NMC 622 black mass. Thermal pretreatment is highlighted as a critical step for removing organic compounds and breaking down materials, enabling more efficient recycling. Several studies focus on this process, including sulfuric roasting for LCO-rich black mass and safe lithium recovery from LiS cells. After pretreatment, hydrometallurgical processes are typically applied to further recover valuable materials. Researchers aim to optimize these steps, enhancing lithium leaching efficiency and reducing process-disrupting viscosity. Organic acids like gluconic and acetic acids are considered environmentally friendly alternatives for extracting elements such as cobalt and nickel. This Special Issue also includes broader reviews addressing topics like the role of LIBs in sustainable energy and minimizing losses in recycling steps. Together, these studies provide a comprehensive overview of advancements and future directions for efficient, sustainable battery recycling.
Categorization of Metalloboranes Made Simple
A burning desire to understand the nature and constitution of chemical clusters developed around 2005. Accordingly, clusters such as metal carbonyls, boranes, hydrocarbons, zintl ions, golden clusters and others were analyzed and categorized. Arising from these studies, it was discovered that the main group elements follow the series S=4n+q where n= the number of skeletal elements in a cluster formula and q = numerical value that specifies the type of cluster series. On the other hand, the transition metal clusters were found to follow the series S=14n+q. Furthermore, the skeletal bonds that bind the skeletal elements together were found to be calculated from the equation K=2n-q/2. Deeper analysis of the clusters, led to the discovery of a very important parameter that the cluster valence electrons have the double capping cluster valence electron configuration K*=DzCy where Dz follows the 14n series and Cy follows the 12n series and z and y represent the number of respective skeletal elements which together add up to n. That is, z+y=n. Out of these relationships, two more important cluster valence equations were derived.
Blue Bioeconomy
The marine environment is an abundant source of organisms which are rich in functional/bioactive compounds. Many of these compounds exhibit a remarkable potential for medical, industrial and biotechnological applications. Handled appropriately, with a focus on sustainability, these organisms and compounds can offer new and renewable feedstocks for a variety of industries. The biomass from marine organisms also offers opportunities for clean and sustainable fuel generation, carbon sequestration and wastewater remediation. Focusing on the use of biomass from marine algae (both macro and micro), bacteria and yeasts this book looks at opportunities for producing high value chemicals with applications across multiple industries. It is an essential read for researchers interested in innovative, green feedstock sources, sustainability and the circular economy.
The Novel Periodic Table of Chemical Clusters
The cluster theory of chemical clusters has made it possible to analyze and categorize a wide range of chemical clusters. These clusters can be expressed in a cluster configuration form represented by K*=DzCy. On a close observation the Dz which follows the 14n series can be regarded as similar to a group number of chemical elements in a conventional periodic table. Likewise, the symbol Cy which follows the 12n series can be regarded as similar to the period of chemical elements on the periodic table. Selected cluster groups ranging from D0 to D20 and their corresponding periods have been worked out, they can be used to identify chemical clusters ranging from D0 to D20 and their tables have been presented towards the end of the book. In addition, more than a hundred examples have been analyzed and categorized, and each one of them can be located at the appropriate position in the constructed tables. This means that an expanded periodic table which accommodates all known clusters ranging from chemical elements, compounds and chemical complexes can be constructed. In this regard according to cluster theory, even a chemical element on its own is regarded as a chemical cluster.
Biosynthesis, characterization and application of nanoparticles
The use of plant extracts for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (green synthesis) represents a promising alternative to conventional synthesis methods, whether physical or chemical, due to their environmental sustainability, low cost, low energy consumption, ease of production and environmental friendliness. In the present work, we have synthesized silver oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles by exploiting the plant extract of the H. hirsuta plant as a reducing agent and stabilizer of silver and nickel ions for the creation of said nanoparticles.
Boranes Made Simple
Boranes are compounds composed of Boron and Hydrogen, in this regard they are similar to hydrocarbons. However, unlike hydrocarbons they do not occur naturally hence they are synthetic substances. Their chemical formulas can be expressed as BxHy. On the surface unlike hydrocarbons, they appear formidable and complex. The discovery of the skeletal numbers in cluster theory makes it possible to analyze the chemical clusters of Boron. The skeletal number of Boron was found to be k=2.5 and its valency which is given by V=2k was found to be equal to 5, and this makes it possible to construct isomeric shapes of Boranes. Boranes like all other clusters obey the natural law of cluster number K being a whole number, this book provides a selected range of Boranes and Heteroboranes analyzed and categorized, and their corresponding isomeric structures have been constructed where possible. The skeletal valency is extremely important in the construction of isomeric structures, in this regard each nodal point where Boron is found, there will be five linkages or connections.
Mastering Dislocations in Materials
This book explores in depth the role of dislocations in materials, covering their historical discovery, their impact on mechanical properties, and their modeling. After an introduction to the definition and structure of dislocations, the text presents the fundamental theory and mechanisms of dislocation displacement, illustrated by practical examples. Observation techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction are described in detail. The book also looks at practical applications of dislocations in superalloys and nanostructured materials, highlighting specific case studies. The management of dislocations to optimize material properties is discussed, offering an overview of current advances and future challenges in the field.
Planet In Our Hands
Planet in Our Hands: A Simple Guide to Saving the Earth is a concise, accessible book that explores humanity's journey, the urgent challenges we face, and actionable solutions for a sustainable future. Covering topics like climate change, misinformation, and technology's role, this 100-page guide empowers readers to make meaningful, planet-saving choices in their daily lives.In a world flooded with information, Planet in Our Hands: A Simple Guide to Saving the Earth cuts through the noise to offer a clear path forward. This concise yet powerful book explores humanity's journey, the critical challenges we face today-from climate change to misinformation-and the actions each of us can take to secure a brighter future. Written with urgency and hope, Planet in Our Hands distills complex ideas into simple, actionable insights, empowering readers to make meaningful changes without feeling overwhelmed.By examining our history, current threats, and practical solutions, this guide helps readers understand the stakes and seize the opportunity to act. Drawing on insights from thought-provoking works like Stephen Hawking's A Brief History of Time and Elizabeth Kolbert's The Sixth Extinction, this book bridges science and personal responsibility. For anyone seeking clarity amid modern chaos, Planet in Our Hands is a beacon, designed to be read in one or two sittings, sparking change through informed action.
Foundations of Crystallography with Computer Applications
The third edition of Foundations of Crystallography with Computer Applications is a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students studying the solid state in chemistry, physics, materials science, geological sciences, and engineering. It takes a straightforward, logical approach to explaining how atoms are arranged in crystals and how crystal systems are related to each other. New to this edition is the inclusion of interactive Starter Programs in Python, which allow the students to focus on concepts and not treat crystallographic programs as "black boxes." Since many students have trouble visualizing three dimensional constructions, this book begins with detailed discussions in two dimensions leading up to the three-dimensional understanding. The first seven chapters introduce the fundamental principles, Chapter 8 suggests student projects, and the final seven chapters give detailed examples of the seven crystal systems. Key features: Uses Python, the leading open-source scientific language, with libraries including NumPy for matrix manipulations, Matplotlib for graphics, and Mplot3d for interactive 3-D modeling. Provides a gentle introduction to Python with Jupyter Notebooks, which combine interactive code and formatted documentation. Color codes both point group and space group diagrams using a new scheme devised by the author to emphasize the change of handedness of the symmetry operations and their consequences. Suggests student projects with data that can be found in the free Teaching Subset of the Cambridge Structural Database, the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database, and others. This book's thorough but accessible style gives students a strong foundation in the subject. Over one thousand students have successfully used this book at Virginia Tech, and many more will continue to benefit from this new edition.
Metal Complexes
Metal Complexes: Environmental and Biomedical Applications offers a comprehensive exploration of the role of metal complexes in diverse fields, including biomedicine, energy, and environmental protection. This book provides insights into the synthesis, properties, and applications of metal complexes, covering topics such as their use in therapeutics, diagnostics, energy materials, and catalysis. It also examines their antibacterial, antifungal, and sensor applications. With a systematic approach, the book is ideal for students, researchers, and professionals interested in the growing relevance of metal complexes in scientific and industrial applications. Key Features: - Overview of metal complexes and oxidation states.- Synthesis of metal complexes from N-heterocyclic carbene and Schiff base ligands.- Biomedical applications, including therapeutics and diagnostics.- Use of metal complexes in energy storage and catalysis.- Applications in antibacterial and antifungal treatments.- Metal complexes as sensors and in analytical chemistry.
Molecular Spectroscopy Volume 1
This textbook with corrected exercises is designed to teach chemists the spectroscopic methods of analysis and identification techniques used to characterize synthetic organic and natural products by synergistically combining information from infrared and ultraviolet (UV) spectra. This book is intended for Master's level students in analysis and quality control, chemical analysis and Master's level students in organic chemistry. It can also be used by students studying for bachelor's degrees in pharmacy, chemistry, biology or agri-foods. After a brief introduction to the various spectroscopic methods, the book goes on to identify the basic notions of UV-Visible spectroscopy. Infrared spectrometry is also the subject of this evolutionary study.
Development of Technologically Important Nickel Nanocomposite Coatings
In this contribution, it is tried sketch different types of thin film fabrication technologies in general. Technological details of fabrication of thin films employing electroless method are discussed in detail, with their principles. Also, the analytical methods to characterize the deposited think films are presented here. In this view, this collection is very significant for the researchers who are interested in designing thin films aiming for specific applications.
Interesting Chemistry
Interesting chemistry, studied in Academic High Schools and Secondary Schools, is a comprehensive course that includes both the traditional sections of Interesting chemistry - fundamental concepts and laws, with model concepts of atomic structure and chemical bonding, energy and chemical reaction rate, chemical equilibrium, solutions and electrolytic dissociation, as well as elements of analytical, physical and colloid chemistry.The methodology manual involves carrying out experiments with chemical reagents and is carried out in a specially equipped laboratory. In order to prepare a methodology manual, a student must first independently work out theoretical material, understand the aims and objectives of the work, and familiarise himself with the methods of chemical experiments.The "Interesting chemistry" manual is intended for students of academic lyceums to master and consolidate theoretical material and to use the knowledge gained in laboratory classes.
Advances in Molecular Modeling in Chemistry
Molecular modeling is playing a crucial role in chemistry investigations. With the current developments in computing power, it is possible to achieve large-scale simulations. Molecular modeling has been applied successfully in many areas of chemistry, e.g., the behavior of liquid solutions, proteins, DNA, polysaccharides, lipid membranes, crystals, amorphous solids, or any combination of them; the process of adsorption or desorption at interfaces; protein folding; self-assembly; etc.Aside from the widely spread application of molecular modeling, the techniques of simulation also developed rapidly. Many simulation techniques have emerged, including ab initio molecular dynamics, polarizable force field, reactive molecular dynamics, machine learning accelerated simulation, metadynamics, etc.This reprint includes 13 original papers reporting on molecular simulation works, including quantum chemistry calculation, molecular dynamic simulation, etc., or combined experiments and simulation studies. We hope that this collection of research studies can bring inspiration to readers regarding the application of molecular modeling methods.
Microstructure, Characteristics, and Failure Behaviors of Cementitious Composites
Microstructural properties and failure behaviors of cementitious composites provide essential information about the underlying causes of their mechanical performance and durability. A systematic understanding of the microstructure and failure behaviors of cementitious composites can help us better analyze their mechanics and durability and optimize materials during the fabrication processes. Currently, many advanced technologies have been applied to characterize microstructure and failure behaviors of cement-based materials, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), mercury intrusion measurement (MIP), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), acoustic emission (AE) and digital photography. These methods offer a great pathway to better investigate and assist in manufacturing high-performance cementitious composites. This Special Issue covers the topics of the microstructural and failure behaviors characterization of cementitious composites, as well as their mechanical properties, permeability, and durability investigation. We expect the publication of this topic to provide useful information for future studies on cementitious composite design.
Carbon Neutrality and Symmetry in Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics
This Special Issue offers a systematical review and in-depth summary of the most recent advances in carbon neutrality technology and symmetry principles within the fields of power engineering and engineering thermophysics. The research papers gathered in this Special Issue cover a wide range of topics, including, but not limited to, aero-engine experimental equipment, the behavior of internal flow, engine control system design, the detailed analysis of engine performance, combustion emission control technology, improvements in the efficiency of electricity systems, and vehicle drag reduction measures. Furthermore, the studies featured here adopt a variety of research methods, such as numerical simulations, experimental research, and machine learning, reflecting a multidimensional approach to addressing complex engineering challenges. The overarching aim of this Special Issue is to offer fresh perspectives and innovative methodologies that can be applied to the pressing problems currently facing the industry, through delving deep into the optimization and refinement of crucial technologies. In presenting these latest outstanding research findings, we aspire to inspire further collaboration among scholars, researchers, and engineers to contribute to the sustainable growth and advancement of science, technology, and industry. We are devoted to providing new solutions that support global carbon neutrality goals and foster technological innovation for a greener future with this shared knowledge.
Biodegradable Polymers to Biomedical and Packaging Applications
This reprint compiles cutting-edge research on biodegradable polymers, with a focus on their applications in the biomedical and packaging industries. As global demand for sustainable materials grows, biodegradable polymers provide promising solutions that reduce environmental impact while meeting the rigorous standards of modern industries. The collection highlights advancements in polymer synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and the development of two- and three-dimensional materials for practical use. These multidisciplinary studies combine insights from chemistry, materials science, biotechnology, and environmental science, showcasing innovations that address critical challenges.Designed for researchers, professionals, and students in biomaterials, polymers, and environmental sustainability, as well as for companies focused on increasing the biodegradable solutions in their products, this reprint offers valuable insights into the future of biodegradable materials. The research emphasizes the role of biodegradable polymers in key sectors such as healthcare and packaging, providing new approaches to improving material properties and expanding their range of applications.
Upconverting Nanomaterials
Upconverting Nanomaterials: Perspectives, Synthesis, and Applications serves as a powerful instrument that explores cutting-edge research knowledge on the topic of upconverting nanosystems, while simultaneously providing the necessary fundamental background for nonspecialist readers. The various aspects of upconverting materials are approached both from a theoretical point of view, particularly upconverting phenomenon, and a practical one. By presenting synthetic strategies, functionalization, production of core shell structures and nanocomposites, this book supplies PhD students, researchers, and scientists with a wealth of ideas they can apply to different fields of research. Thirty-five renowned scientists from around the world have collaborated to produce 11 chapters that help to "make a voyage" through the most important aspects of UPNPs, including syntheses, mechanism, functionalization, and applications.
Air Pollution, Air Quality, and Climate Change
Air Pollution, Air Quality, and Climate Change offers a review of the latest advances and developments in the study of air pollution and air quality in the face of continuing climate change.The editors begin with a detailed review of air pollution and its sources, effects, and impacts. In-depth chapters follow on atmospheric chemistry, air pollution meteorology, and take a look at indoor and urban air quality. The editors then explore the connection between air quality and climate change, the effects of CO2 on air quality, and use of carbon capture and storage. Finally, the book closes with a discussion of environmental policy making as well as future considerations for air pollution, air quality, and climate change. This text is a timely and valuable reference for anyone working towards solutions to reduce air pollution, improve air quality, and lessen the effects of climate change.
High Power Aqueous Supercapacitors
With the social progress and the growth in human lifestyle, the need for energy increases continuously. Energy is considered as the most important problem facing humanity. Successful exploitation of renewable but intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar power requires reliable and efficient electrical energy storage and scientific community is studying new energy storage devices, electrochemical energy storage devices being the most promising candidates. Electrochemical energy storage technologies include batteries, fuel cells and electrochemical capacitors. Based on charge storage mechanisms, capacitors can be divided into two groups: electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudo-capacitors (also known as redox and faradaic supercapacitors). Supercapacitors, with many superior characteristics, can partly or completely replace the traditional chemical batteries, especially in high power applications. So most of the developed countries are sparing no effort to research and develop supercapacitors.
Bee honeys produced in Maraj籀-PA
In this book, the authors focus on discriminating between the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of honeys produced in the Marajoara region. The book includes a literature review focusing on the fact that honey is primarily a plant product, hence the importance of correlating its pharmacological activity with its plant origin. The hope is that this work will legitimize popular knowledge about the use of honey as a component of many home remedies.
Corrosion Inhibitors and their Performance Evaluation
Corrosion inhibitors are the chemically active molecules which on adsorption protect the thin films or substrate materials from corrosion. The corrosion protection efficiency of the molecules adsorbed, can be studied by adopting several experimental procedures. Conventionally followed and most reliable technique is weight loss method. The instrumental techniques include, Potentiodynamic polarization or Tafel plots, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Chronoamperometry. The theoretical technique which stands extraordinary is Quantum mechanical methods which involves the theoretical approach to evaluate the efficiency of the molecules in required application. In this chapter, principles of all the above techniques are discussed in detail with experimental procedures.
Polymer Composites
Nowadays, in all industries, the aim is to obtain products with excellent properties with a small mass. Thus, polymer composites are increasingly used, but scientists and manufacturers face many challenges when processing and obtaining satisfactory products with great properties, as well as the recycling and disposing of waste after the expiration date of the product. With this Special Issue, entitled "Polymer Composites: Structure, Properties and Processing", we aimed to collate papers relating to the subject of this Special Issue that attempted to solve some of the problems related with it. We hope that readers will find some high-quality solutions that will help them in their future work.
What Use is Chemistry?
What use is Chemistry? Chemistry is present in every aspect of our lives. This book explains how and why. It is a lively introduction to the people and chemical technologies that made our homes, our food, our health and our clothes, and power our travel and communications. John Blackie provides a fascinating A to Z selection of some of the most important chemical-based technologies of the past and present, explaining their invention, profiling their pioneers and the ways these technologies have influenced the modern-day world. At a time of environmental, energy, material, health and social challenges, this book helps you be well-informed. It shows there has never been a more exciting and important time to pursue a career in chemistry.You do not think chemistry is relevant to you? It is time to think again.
Instrumental Analysis of Coordination Compounds
Various types of physical measurements are available for the study of metal complexes. In pursuing the chemical and physical properties of metal complexes, it is necessary first to clarify what you want to know about and then select the most suitable measurements. To understand the experimental data obtained, it is essential to comprehend ligand field theory and a wide range of fundamental chemistry, such as quantum chemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, equilibrium theory, analytical chemistry, surface chemistry, and solid-state physics. This book is Volume 1 in a set comprising two volumes of English translations of books originally published in Japanese. They are translated by the original authors with a full verification process. They describe the principles and practical methods of physical measurements and the fundamental theories for understanding the data obtained. The instrumental analyses dealt with cover measurements of solid, liquid, and gaseous states, as well as surface analysis. As a key resource for graduate students and researchers in coordination chemistry and its complementary interdisciplinary fields, the books are also an excellent reference for experienced researchers.
Instrumental Analysis of Coordination Compounds
Various types of physical measurements are available for the study of metal complexes. In pursuing the chemical and physical properties of metal complexes, it is necessary first to clarify what you want to know about and then select the most suitable measurements. To understand the experimental data obtained, it is essential to comprehend ligand field theory and a wide range of fundamental chemistry, such as quantum chemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, equilibrium theory, analytical chemistry, surface chemistry, and solid-state physics. This book is Volume 2 in a set comprising two volumes of English translations of books originally published in Japanese. They are translated by the original authors with a full verification process. They describe the principles and practical methods of physical measurements and the fundamental theories for understanding the data obtained. The instrumental analyses dealt with cover measurements of solid, liquid, and gaseous states, as well as surface analysis. As a key resource for graduate students and researchers in coordination chemistry and its complementary interdisciplinary fields, the books are also an excellent reference for experienced researchers.
Chiral Ionic Liquids
Chiral Ionic Liquids: Applications in Chemistry and Technology provide an in-depth exploration of the synthesis, design, and diverse applications of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) in modern chemistry. This comprehensive book covers fundamental concepts such as ionic liquids' structural organization and chirality, while also discussing advanced topics like enantiomeric separations, organocatalysis, and chiral recognition. Through ten detailed chapters, the book addresses carbohydrate-based CILs, CILs from amino acids and terpenoids, and their roles in capillary electrophoresis, chromatography, and spectroscopic techniques. This resource is valuable for researchers and industry professionals working in organic synthesis, materials science, and applied chemistry. Key Features: - Covers basic concepts of ionic liquids and chirality- Includes detailed methodologies for synthesizing CILs- Explores CILs in enantiomeric separations and organocatalysis- Discusses chiral recognition using spectroscopy and chromatography- Provides insights into CIL-based biphasic systems and supported ionic liquids
Natural and Synthetic Hydrogels
Natural and Synthetic Hydrogels: Rational Design, Synthesis and Biomedical Applications provides acomprehensive text on hydrogels and their biomedical uses, covering both fundamental and applied aspects of hydrogels. Hydrogels are three-dimensional network of cross-linked polymers or particles that contain a large amount of water. They have received tremendous attention for applications in biomedicines, which has led to significant progress in the design and engineering of the hydrogels to meet the needs for such applications. The book covers the recent developments that have been made in this field, including new applications of hydrogels, providing a new and fresh overview of hydrogels and their applications. Natural and Synthetic Hydrogels: Rational Design, Synthesis and Biomedical Applications is valuableto upper level undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and progressors teaching fundamental and applied aspects of hydrogels.
Volatile Organic Compound Removal
Volatile Organic Compound Removal: Technologies and Functional Materials for VOC Removal details technologies and materials for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from polluted air, covering not only the fundamental mechanisms, processes, and designs of the latest VOC abatement technologies, but also the characteristics and applications of advanced functional materials for VOC removal. The first half of this book centers on VOC abatement technologies including catalytic degradation, thermal oxidation, membrane separation, adsorption, absorption, and condensation, whereas the second half focuses on the applications of functional materials, especially novel nanomaterials, in VOC removal. Volatile Organic Compound Removal: Technologies and Functional Materials for VOC Removal is unique in covering both the fundamental mechanisms and practical applications of VOC abatement technologies, as well as focusing on the preparation, characterization, and application of novel functional materials for VOC removal.
Statistical Mechanics of Liquids and Solutions
The statistical mechanical theory of liquids and solutions is a fundamental area of physical sciences with important implications in other fields of science and industrial applications. Statistical Mechanics of Liquids and Solutions: Intermolecular Forces, Structure and Surface Interactions is the second in a series of two on this subject. While the first volume introduced equilibrium statistical mechanics in general and statistical mechanics of liquids and solutions at an introductory level, the present volume presents an advanced treatment of the subject and penetrates much deeper into liquid state theory.A major theme in both books is the intimate relationship between forces in a fluid and the fluid structure - a relationship that is paramount for the understanding of the subject of interactions in dense fluids. Using this microscopic, molecular approach, the text emphasizes clarity of physical explanations for phenomena and mechanisms relevant to fluids, addressing the structure and behavior of liquids and solutions under various conditions. A notable feature is the author's treatment of intermolecular interactions in liquids and solutions that include interactions between nanoparticles, macroparticles, and surfaces. The book provides an in-depth treatment of simple liquids, molecular fluids, particle dispersions, dense ionic fluids and electrolyte solutions with molecular solvent, both in the bulk and in confinement. It contains a unified exact treatment of electrolyte solutions, ionic liquids and polar fluids as well as approximate theories and applications.Statistical Mechanics of Liquids and Solutions will be an invaluable resource for graduate and postgraduate students in physics, chemistry, soft matter science, surface and colloid science and related fields, as well as professionals and instructors in those areas of science.
Quantum Chemistry
Quantum Chemistry provides a coherent and structured approach in introducing the concept of 'quantum' to the students of quantum mechanics. An attempt is made to bring out the subtleties of quantum mechanics, hidden in its abstract laws and equations, applicable to the atomic domain by showing its relevance to the observable macroscopic world as well. The book will help students dispel the stigma associated with quantum mechanics. The emphasis on conceptual approach provides a platform to stand on, and a stimulus to pursue higher quantum mechanics--the doorway to the all-pervasive quantum world. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan).
Statistical Mechanics of Liquids and Solutions
The statistical mechanical theory of liquids and solutions is a fundamental area of physical sciences with important implications in other fields of science and industrial applications. Statistical Mechanics of Liquids and Solutions: Intermolecular Forces, Structure and Surface Interactions is the second in a series of two on this subject. While the first volume introduced equilibrium statistical mechanics in general and statistical mechanics of liquids and solutions at an introductory level, the present volume presents an advanced treatment of the subject and penetrates much deeper into liquid state theory.A major theme in both books is the intimate relationship between forces in a fluid and the fluid structure - a relationship that is paramount for the understanding of the subject of interactions in dense fluids. Using this microscopic, molecular approach, the text emphasizes clarity of physical explanations for phenomena and mechanisms relevant to fluids, addressing the structure and behavior of liquids and solutions under various conditions. A notable feature is the author's treatment of intermolecular interactions in liquids and solutions that include interactions between nanoparticles, macroparticles, and surfaces. The book provides an in-depth treatment of simple liquids, molecular fluids, particle dispersions, dense ionic fluids and electrolyte solutions with molecular solvent, both in the bulk and in confinement. It contains a unified exact treatment of electrolyte solutions, ionic liquids and polar fluids as well as approximate theories and applications.Statistical Mechanics of Liquids and Solutions will be an invaluable resource for graduate and postgraduate students in physics, chemistry, soft matter science, surface and colloid science and related fields, as well as professionals and instructors in those areas of science.
ChemSketch in Chemistry Teaching
Educational software enables certain tasks to be carried out, promoting a better understanding of school content and guaranteeing students a more meaningful and reflective education. Especially in organic chemistry, molecular structuring programs are able to virtualize flat and three-dimensional structures, easing the difficulty of understanding the representational level of chemistry. Among these software programs, ChemSketch is one of the most accessible and has great potential for use in schools. With this in mind, the main aim of this work is to contribute to the process of teaching organic chemistry through the use of ChemSketch. It is the result of research for a Professional Master's Degree in Science and Mathematics Teaching, entitled "The use of ChemSketch software as a tool for teaching Organic Chemistry in Basic Education in the State of Acre", developed at the Federal University of Acre, under the important guidance of Prof. Dr. Anelise Maria Regiani.
Ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensors
The need for precise, reliable measurements is growing with ecological awareness. Sensors combined with electrochemical techniques offer a complementary, high-performance analytical asset, providing good selectivity and high sensitivity. These innovative analytical tools are based in particular on the development of sensitive modified electrodes for the analysis of trace heavy metals. In this book, three different, easy-to-implement and inexpensive approaches are examined. The first involves modifying the surface of the platinum electrode with an amino acid and studying the response of the amperometric sensor to mercury. The second approach involves modifying the carbon paste electrode with a conductive polymer. The electrochemical sensor developed enables high-performance analysis of lead ions. Finally, the third approach involves modifying the screen-printed carbon electrodes with a polymer-protected mercury acetate salt. These sensors, ready for use in the field, enable simultaneous analysis of all metals that form an amalgam with mercury.
Volumetric Analysis
This standard work on dimensional analysis, based on the 20th German edition, provides comprehensive information on the theory of acid-base titration, redox titration, complexation titration and precipitation titration, with both classical and instrumental indication of the equivalence point. Many applications are described and explained in detail with examples in pharmaceutical and environmental analysis.
Non-contact monitoring technologies for electrochemical reactions
People perceive information through photos and videos with attached description, history of product creation. It requires a professional approach and a special methodology for photo documentation of processes to make analytics. Step-by-step fixation of the object by a specially developed technology, which I am the author of, will give a full perception of the development, as well as give control from the side of investors and the management group of the product development project. One of the techniques of dimensional representation of the product is also given.
Biosensors Based on Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Graphynes for Early Detection of Cancer
The detection of cancer at its earliest stages is paramount for successful treatment and improved patient outcomes. In recent years, the field of nanotechnology has witnessed significant advancements, and one material that has emerged as a potential game-changer in cancer detection is graphene. Graphene's high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and ability to interact with biological molecules have paved the way for innovative approaches to diagnosing cancer. Moreover, graphene oxide, a derivative of graphene, has gained significant attention in the field of cancer detection. Its unique properties, including biocompatibility and high photothermal conversion efficiency, enable its use in various imaging techniques. Graphene oxide can selectively accumulate in tumor tissues, enhancing the contrast signals in imaging modalities like optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and photoacoustic imaging. This allows for precise visualization and localization of cancerous cells or tissues, aiding in early detection and accurate diagnosis.Features: Provides a comprehensive exploration of carbon, its allotropes, and its significance in emerging applications. Discusses the synthesis and functionalization of graphene on diverse substrates, and modeling approaches employed in graphene research. Details the application of graphene, graphene oxide, and graphyne-based materials on cancer detection. Explores the overview of the wider biological applications of carbon-based materials. This book will serve as a valuable reference source for researchers, academics, and biologists working in R&D and interested in biosensing for the early detection of cancer.
Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry
The book is novel in many aspects in the field of Inorganic Medicinal Chemistry which is a less explored area. The salient feature include Theoretical drug designing using PASS, ADMET and Docking studies for organic ligands Hydroxytriazenes and their cobalt complexes. Alternative systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Zuotai and Chinese system. Role of metal complexes in medicine has been extensively reviewed and presented. Extremely useful book for students of Pharma. Medicinal chemistry and doctoral students of chemistry as well as allied branches.
Solvent Engineering
This book aims to present the concept of Solvent Engineering within a broad scope, ranging from mixtures of solvents to achieve the desired solvation properties, to stimuli-responsive solvents. It covers diverse aspects such as thermodynamics and transfer phenomena associated with solvent engineering, as well as applications found in recent literature, spanning materials across science, biochemistry, chemistry, and separation and purification processes, among others. Solvent engineering is proposed as an innovative strategy to address environmental concerns related to the use of volatile and toxic solvents. This book highlights efforts to develop engineered solvents that offer more environmentally acceptable alternatives as against those currently in use.
Advanced Materials for Batteries
The rise of renewable energy responds to global warming, necessitating reliable storage like batteries. Though frequent use can affect their lifespan, these have become smaller, simpler, and more adaptable. Recent technological progress has improved batteries' longevity and efficiency, with costs dropping due to mass production. This book examines different battery types, their evolution, and the cutting-edge materials enhancing their performance, particularly focusing on metal oxides in various battery technologies.Exploring advanced materials for batteries is not just a theoretical exercise but a practical journey into the future of energy. This book is an essential guide, tracing the evolution from early battery technology to the latest innovations and equipping researchers, engineers, and students with the practical knowledge to drive the next wave of sustainable energy solutions.Key Features: Provides a comprehensive resource for academics, researchers, and engineers in energy storage, with detailed insights into various battery types Discusses advanced materials for smart and small batteries Delves into cutting-edge materials designed for compact and efficient batteries Offers a visionary outlook on the evolution of battery technology and traces historical advances alongside the latest breakthroughs in battery science and future perspectives This book serves as a beacon, bridging historical milestones with future goals. It thoroughly explores materials, including lithium-ion and sodium-ion, in a manner accessible to everyone. It lays a robust groundwork for innovators in energy storage, steering us towards a more sustainable tomorrow. This work informs and connects readers to the evolving narrative of battery technology.
Theoretical study of TiO2 nanotubes and their interactions with gases
The theoretical study of titanium dioxide nanotubes used a methodology for creating nanotube models from the unit cells of TiO2 crystals (rutile and anatase) in specific planes, in this case anatase in the (101) plane and rutile in the (110) plane. The structures generated were subjected to quantum mechanics calculations using semiempirical methods (PM7) and ab-initio DFT and HF methods, in the 6-31G and 6-311G bases. Models were created and it was found that the most stable structures were those with the largest diameters. A comparison between models with the same number of atoms showed that anatase nanotubes were more stable than rutile nanotubes. When evaluating the gap using semi-empirical and HF methods, the anatase nanotubes were classified as insulating due to the gap range between 6.00 eV and 10.00 eV, while the DFT values showed values between 2.00 eV and 2.50 eV. The methodology developed showed high potential for application in the simulation of TiO2 nanotubes.
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Targeted for chemists, the current textbook outlines the principles, experimental methods and data analysis in X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The authors introduce EXAFS, Near-Edge XAS, X-Ray Imaging and many other advanced experimental techniques. A special section of the book is devoted to applications of XAS in chemistry, materials and environmental sciences.
Assessing Drinking Water Quality
This book, "Assessing Drinking Water Quality: A Study of Key Parameters and Aesthetic Factors in Bagalkot District", is the culmination of a detailed investigation into the water quality across the district, with a focus on critical chemical, physical, and microbiological parameters. It examines water from both a scientific and aesthetic perspective, recognizing that while safe drinking water is crucial, the public's acceptance of water sources also depends on qualities such as taste, odor, and appearance.
Designing High Power Electrochemical Supercapacitors from Metal Hydroxychlorides
With the social progress and the growth in human lifestyle, the need for energy increases continuously. Energy is considered as the most important problem facing humanity. Successful exploitation of renewable, but intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar power requires reliable and efficient electrical energy storage and scientific community is studying new energy storage devices, electrochemical energy storage devices being the most promising candidates. Electrochemical energy storage technologies include batteries, fuel cells and electrochemical capacitors.
Industrial Thin Film Technology
In this contribution, it is tried sketch different types of thin film fabrication technologies in general. Technological details of fabrication of thin films employing electroless method are discussed in detail, with their principles. Also, the analytical methods to characterize the deposited think films are presented here. In this view, this collection is very significant for the researchers who are interested in designing thin films aiming for specific applications.
