Applications of Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Devices
This book provides a comprehensive introduction of nanomaterials and their potential applications specifically toward the electrochemical devices including fundamental concepts, chemical and physical methods of synthesis, properties, characterization methods and related applications.
Photoelectrochemical Generation of Fuels
Photoelectrochemical processes due to the symbiosis of photochemical and electrochemical processes result in unique reaction pathways and products. This technique catalysed by nanomaterials is extensively used to harness sunlight for production of fuels and chemical feedstocks. This book explains the basic concepts of photoelectrochemistry as well as their application in the generation of solar fuels from water, CO2 and N2 as feedstocks. It also contains standard methodologies and benchmarks of fuel production including current state of the art in nanocatalysts as well as their mechanism of action. This book: Explores fundamentals and real-time applications of photoelectrochemistry in fuel generation Reviews basic theory and best-known catalysts and best conditions/processes for fuel generation in each of the chapters Covers standard methodologies, processes, and limitations for large-scale applications Focusses on sustainable production of fuels from renewable energy and resources This book aims at graduate students/researchers in chemical, energy and materials engineering.
Chemometrics and Authenticity of Foods of Plant Origin
One of the challenges facing the world is feeding the ever-increasing population, with food security being a growing 21st century problem. This stresses the need for coordinated international systems to prevent and mitigate food fraud in global food supply chains. Food fraud, which is usually financially motivated, has significant consequences including unfair competition, major damage to markets and organizations, loss of consumer confidence, and it raises food safety issues.A shift toward a more plant-based diet can be endorsed to promote sustainability but also to improve public health and minimize animal suffering. The aim of this book is to deal with issues related to authenticity and chemometrics of the most important food products of plant origin, such as cereals, nuts, legumes, table olives and olive oil, coffee, tea, fruits and vegetables, fruit juices, spices, mushrooms, beers and wines, and honey, using state-of-the-art analytical techniques and instrumentation coupled with available chemometric tools.
Polymer Electrolytes and their Composites for Energy Storage/Conversion Devices
Polymer Electrolytes and their Composites for Energy Storage/Conversion Devices presents a state-of-the-art overview of the research and development in the use of polymers as electrolyte materials for various applications. It covers types of polymer electrolytes, ion dynamics, and the role of dielectric parameters and a review of applications. Divided into two parts, the first part of the book focuses on the types of polymer electrolytes, ion dynamics, and the role of dielectric parameters, while the second part provides a critical review of applications based on polymer electrolytes and their composites. This book: Presents the fundamentals of polymer composites for energy storage/conversion devices Explores the ion dynamics and dielectric properties role in polymer electrolytes Provides detailed preparation methods and important characterization techniques to evaluate the electrolyte potential Reviews analysis of current updates in polymer electrolytes Includes various applications in supercapacitor, battery, fuel cell, and electrochromic windows The book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in physics, materials science, chemistry, materials engineering, energy storage, engineering physics, and industry.
Lead, Mercury and Cadmium in the Aquatic Environment
This book presents an integrated and holistic discussion on cadmium, lead and mercury toxicity in aquatic environments, expanding general concepts on chemical speciation effects and exploring specific environmental toxicological issues, exposure routes, and bioanalytical approaches for their determination and assessments on their intracellular deleterious effects. It contains worldwide and regional aspects on cadmium, lead and mercury occurrence, fate, and toxicity, addressing key environmental exposure and health risk concerns to both humans and aquatic organisms. Our book is of interest to anyone conducting research in the broad fields of oceanography, geochemistry, ecotoxicology, and environmental and public health.
Smart and Flexible Energy Devices
The scientific community and industry have seen tremendous progress in efficient energy production and storage in the last few years. With the advancement in technology, new devices require high-performance, stretchable, bendable, and twistable energy sources, which can be integrated into next-generation wearable, compact, and portable electronics for medical, military, and civilian applications.Smart and Flexible Energy Devices examines the materials, basic working principles, and state-of-the-art progress of flexible devices like fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. Covering the synthesis approaches for advanced energy materials in flexible devices and fabrications and fundamental design concepts of flexible energy devices, such as fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, top author teams explore how newer materials with advanced properties are used to fabricate the energy devices to meet the future demand for flexible electronics.Additional features include: - Addressing the materials, technologies, and challenges of various flexible energy devices under one cover- Emphasizing the future demand and challenges of the field- Considering all flexible energy types, such as fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors- Suitability for undergraduate and postgraduate students of material science and energy programsThis is a valuable resource for academics and industry professionals working in the field of energy materials, nanotechnology, and energy devices.
Bow Ties in Process Safety and Environmental Management
The proposed book aims to combine process safety aspects, and environmental management including contamination source, unbalanced utilization of the toxic chemicals in the process industries covering safety aspects, pollution factors, remediation technologies, pollutant degradation, physico-chemical characteristics and analysis of the chemicals.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Because of its simplicity of use and quantitative results, Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) has become an indispensable tool for the study of surface reactivity. The fast expansion of the SECM field over several years has been fueled by the introduction of new probes, commercially available instrumentation, and new practical applications. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Third Edition offers essential background and in-depth overviews of specific applications in self-contained chapters.The vitality and growing popularity of SECM over the past 30+ years have largely been determined by its versatility and capability to remain useful in the changing scientific and technological environments. New applications reported during the last decade reflect significant current activity in biomedical and energy-related research. This thoroughly updated edition provides up-to-date comprehensive reviews of different aspects of SECM.New chapters by renowned professionals in the field cover recent advances in different areas of SECM including nanoSECM, surface reactions and films, batteries, and fuel cells. Expanded coverage of electrocatalysis and surface interrogation as well as photoelectrochemistry and photoelectrocatalysis are also provided.Useful for a broad range of interdisciplinary research--from biological systems to nanopatterning--this book is invaluable to all interested in learning and applying SECM.
Emerging Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Sensor Applications
This book intends to review emerging nanomaterials in catalysis and sensors including nanophotocatalysts in organic synthesis and health care application, oxidation and sulphoxidation reactions, liquid phase oxidation, hydrogen evolution and environmental remediation, fabrication and development of various electrochemical, and biosensors.
Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling During Drying
Most conventional dryers use random heating to dry diverse materials without considering their thermal sensitivity and energy requirements for drying. Eventually, excess energy consumption is necessary to attain a low-quality dried product. Proper heat and mass transfer modelling prior to designing a drying system for selected food materials can overcome these problems. Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling During Drying: Empirical to Multiscale Approaches extensively discusses the issue of predicting energy consumption in terms of heat and mass transfer simulation.A comprehensive mathematical model can help provide proper insight into the underlying transport phenomena within the materials during drying. However, drying of porous materials such as food is one of the most complex problems in the engineering field that is also multiscale in nature. From the modelling perspective, heat and mass transfer phenomena can be predicted using empirical to multiscale modelling. However, multiscale simulation methods can provide a comprehensive understanding of the physics of drying food materials.KEY FEATURES Includes a detailed discussion on material properties that are relevant for drying phenomena Presents an in-depth discussion on the underlying physics of drying using conceptual visual content Provides appropriate formulation of mathematical modelling from empirical to multiscale approaches Offers numerical solution approaches to mathematical models Presents possible challenges of different modelling strategies and potential solutions The objective of this book is to discuss the implementation of different modelling techniques ranging from empirical to multiscale in order to understand heat and mass transfer phenomena that take place during drying of porous materials including foods, pharmaceutical products, paper, leather materials, and more.
Organic Chemistry
Based on the premise that many, if not most, reactions in organic chemistry can be explained by variations of fundamental acid-base concepts, Organic Chemistry: An Acid-Base Approach provides a framework for understanding the subject that goes beyond mere memorization. Using several techniques to develop a relational understanding, it helps students fully grasp the essential concepts at the root of organic chemistry.This new edition was rewritten largely with the feedback of students in mind and is also based on the author's classroom experiences using the previous editions.Highlights of the Third Edition Include: Extensively revised chapters that improve the presentation of material. Features the contributions of more than 65 scientists, highlighting the diversity in organic chemistry. Features the current work of over 30 organic chemists, highlighting the diversity in organic chemistry. Many new reactions are featured that are important in modern organic chemistry. Video lectures are provided in a .mov format, accessible online as a 'built-in' ancillary for the book. Instructor and Student Resources --includes scientist images and solutions manual for instructors. The third edition of Organic Chemistry: An Acid-Base Approach constitutes a significant improvement upon a unique introductory technique to organic chemistry. The reactions and mechanisms it covers are the most fundamental concepts in organic chemistry that are applied to industry, biological chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and pharmacy. Using an illustrated conceptual approach rather than presenting sets of principles and theories to memorize, it gives students a more concrete understanding of the material.
Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions of Conjugated Nitroalkenes
Nitroalkenes have often been referred to as "synthetic chameleons" owing to their reactivity, synthetic utility and biological significance. In the last two decades, the reactivity of nitroalkenes as substrates in diverse catalytic asymmetric transformations has been of tremendous interest on account of the powerful abilities of the nitro group to coordinate and withdraw electrons, as well as its amenability to undergo a wide variety of synthetic transformations. Although numerous original articles and reviews have appeared in the literature, a monograph providing a comprehensive coverage of this topic was conspicuous by its absence. This book features: A systematic, up-to-date, in-depth and well-organized compilation, spread over 12 chapters, of various catalytic asymmetric reactions of nitroalkenes with diverse substrates reported to date A wide coverage of reactions such as Michael additions, Friedel-Crafts reactions, cycloadditions, asymmetric reductions, multicomponent and cascade reactions, as well as other miscellaneous reactions Various chiral organo, metal and even biocatalysts involved in the stereoselective synthesis of multifunctional adducts via catalytic asymmetric reactions of nitroalkenes Schemes and figures detailing all the reagents, reaction conditions and product profiles Mechanistic details, including transition state models, which will be useful for effective catalytic design This book will be an invaluable resource for those who are working in the area of asymmetric catalysis and synthetic methodologies.
Analysis of Nanoplastics and Microplastics in Food
The world's ever increasing use of plastics has created large areas of floating plastic waste in the oceans--so-called plastic soup. This floating plastic debris is gradually fragmenting into smaller particles which eventually become microplastics, and even nanoplastics.Analysis of Nanoplastics and Microplastics in Food compiles data on nanoplastics and microplastics in food. To date, there is some data on this, particularly for the marine environment. Fish show high concentrations, but because microplastics are mostly present in the stomach and intestines, they are usually removed and consumers are not exposed. But in crustaceans and bivalve molluscs like oysters and mussels, the digestive tract is consumed, so there is some exposure. Microplastics have also been reported in honey, beer, and table salt.Key Features: Discusses sampling and analysis of nano- and microplastics Details the impacts of plastic residues in diverse compartments of the environment Includes a discussion of microplastics in freshwater Discusses interactions of microplastics and POPs This book brings to light the reality--and dangers--of microplastics in food. Pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can accumulate in microplastics. Some studies suggest that, after consuming microplastics in food, these substances may transfer into tissues. So, it is important to estimate the average intake. Since engineered nanoparticles (from different types of nanomaterials) can enter human cells, this reality can pose consequences for human health.Also available in the Food Analysis and Properties Series: Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Food Analysis, edited by Leo M. L. Nollet (ISBN: 978-1-138-37069-2)Proteomics for Food Authentication, edited by Leo M. L. Nollet and Semih Ӧtleş (ISBN: 978-0-367-20505-8)Food Aroma Evolution: During Food Processing, Cooking, and Aging, edited byMatteo Bordiga and Leo M. L. Nollet (ISBN: 978-1-138-33824-1)For a complete list of books in this series, please visit our website at: www.crcpress.com/Food-Analysis--Properties/book-series/CRCFOODANPRO
Advanced Electrochemical Materials in Energy Conversion and Storage
This book focuses on novel electrochemical materials particularly designed for specific energy applications. It presents the relationship between materials properties, state-of-the-art processing, and device performance and sheds light on the research, development, and deployment (RD&D) trend of emerging materials and technologies in this field. Features: Emphasizes electrochemical materials applied in PEM fuel cells and water splitting Summarizes anode, cathode, electrolyte, and additive materials developed for lithium-ion batteries and reviews other batteries, including lithium-air, lithium-sulfur, sodium- and potassium-ion batteries, and multivalent-ion batteries Discusses advanced carbon materials for supercapacitors Highlights catalyst design and development for CO2RR and fundamentals of proton facilitated reduction reactions With a cross-disciplinary approach, this work will be of interest to scientists and engineers across chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science, chemistry, physics, and other disciplines working to advance electrochemical energy conversion and storage capabilities and applications.
Laser Control of Chemical Dynamics
Laser control of chemical dynamics is one of the active research fields in molecular science, brought about by significant advances in laser technology and further development of quantum control theory. This monograph features the author's outstanding contributions to the field. The first four chapters provide an excellent review of the fundamental subjects that are crucial to understanding laser-molecule interactions, with the highlight being his Zhu-Nakamura theory of nonadiabatic transition. This is an important basic theory for describing processes relevant to laser control, and has been used by scientists around the world because of its simplicity and accuracy. The remaining chapters propose theoretical possibilities of controlling various chemical dynamic processes based on theories discussed earlier in the book.
Greener Synthesis of Organic Compounds
This book provides an interdisciplinary, integrative overview of environmental problem-solving using mild reaction conditions, green reagents, waste free and energy efficient synthesis in both industry and academic world. Discussions include a broad, integrated perspective on sustainability, integrated risk, multi-scale changes and impacts taking place within ecosystems worldwide.Features: This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators who need to do greener synthesis of organic compounds, drugs and natural products under mild reaction condition using green reagents, eco-friendly catalysts and benign reaction mediums over traditional synthetic processes which is a key driving force of scientists. Greener synthesis of multiple value-added heterocycles opens up a new horizon towards the organic catalysis and for this purpose, development of natural resources acts as an effective catalyst. Using environmentally friendly reaction medium e.g. ACC, WETSA, WEBSA have been used for the synthesis of some crucial heterocyclic scaffolds such as bisenols and 2-amino-4H-pyrans, tetraketones, pyrans, and biaryls. This book can also be used as a textbook for graduate and post graduate level courses for students. Furthermore, the problems with answers in book will add better understanding for students.
Chemical Calculations
Uniquely organized by chemical rather than mathematical topics, this book relates each mathematical technique to the chemical concepts where it applies. The new edition features additional, revised, and updated material in every chapter and maintains the clarity of the previous edition with the appropriate organization of topics and improved cross-referencing where mathematical techniques occur more than once. The text contains additional worked examples and end-of-chapter exercises with detailed solutions・giving students the opportunity to apply previously introduced techniques to chemically related problems. It is an ideal course companion for chemistry courses throughout the length of a degree.Features◾ This book covers the difficult area of mathematics in an easy-to-read format for studentsand professionals in chemistry and related subjects.◾ Structured according to chemical rather than mathematical topics.◾ Each topic has at least 12 end of chapter applied chemistry problems to provide practicein applying the techniques to real chemistry.◾ Indexing of material by both chemical and mathematical topics.◾ Extends its utility as a concise and practical reference for professionals in a wide array ofscientific disciplines involving chemistry.
Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis
The quality and safety of food are crucial for human nutrition. However, evaluating the chemical composition of food is challenging for the analyst and requires powerful methods. Chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) is the gold standard for analyzing complex food samples, including raw materials and intermediate and finished products.Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis covers the MS-based analysis of different aspects of food quality, which include nutritional value, profile of macronutrients (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates), micronutrients (vitamins), and nutraceutical active compounds. Additionally, sensory quality, flavor, food pigments, safety, and detection of pesticides, contact materials, veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals, organic pollutants, and pathogens are covered.Key Features: Contains the basics of mass spectrometry and experimental strategies Explores determination of macro- and micronutrients Analyzes sensory and nutraceutical food quality Discusses detection of contaminants and proof of authenticity Presents emerging methods for food analysis This book contains an introductory section that explains the basics of MS and the difference between targeted and untargeted strategies for beginners. Further, it points out new analytical challenges, such as monitoring contaminants of emerging concern, and presents innovative techniques (e.g., ambient ionization MS and data mining).Also available in the Food Analysis & Properties Series: Nanoemulsions in Food Technology: Development, Characterization, and Applications, edited by Javed Ahmad and Leo M.L. Nollet (ISBN: 978-0-367-61492-8)Sequencing Technologies in Microbial Food Safety and Quality, edited by Devarajan Thangadurai, Leo M.L. Nollet, Saher Islam, and Jeyabalan Sangeetha (ISBN: 978-0-367-35118-2)Chiral Organic Pollutants: Monitoring and Characterization in Food and the Environment, edited by Edmond Sanganyado, Basil K. Munjanja, and Leo M.L. Nollet (ISBN: 978-0-367-42923-2)For a complete list of books in this series, please visit our website at: www.crcpress.com/Food-Analysis--Properties/book-series/CRCFOODANPRO
Mass Transfer Driven Evaporation from Capillary Porous Media
Mass Transfer-Driven Evaporation from Capillary Porous Media offers a comprehensive review of mass transfer-driven drying processes in capillary porous media, including pore-scale and macro-scale experiments and models. It covers kinetics of drying of a single pore, pore-scale experiments and models, macro-scale experiments and models, and understanding of the continuum model from pore-scale studies. The book: Explains the detailed transport processes in porous media during drying. Introduces cutting-edge visualization experiments of drying in porous media. Describes the pore network models of drying in porous media. Discusses the continuum models of drying in porous media based on pore-scale studies. Points out future research opportunities. Aimed at researchers, students and practicing engineers, this work provides vital fundamental and applied information to those working in drying technology, food processes, applied energy, and mechanical and chemical engineering.
Deep Eutectic Solvents in Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green solvents that open a whole new world of opportunities for separation challenges. This book comprehensively provides a detailed discussion of their application as an extractive solvent in separation processes, adopting molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for atomistic insight into the solute transfer across bi-phasic systems. Furthermore, it explains ternary and quaternary mixtures, including MD simulation of relevant DES systems.Features in this volume include the following: Applications of DESs in the extraction of aromatics and polyaromatics from fuel oil by liquid-liquid extraction Eutectic behavior with respect to hydrocarbon and aqueous solutions MD insights on extraction using DESs Possible industrial applicability of potential DESs Results from Gaussian, NAMD, and PACKMOL software packages This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students working in the field of fuels and petrochemicals, separation science, chromatography, and chemical processing and design.
Understanding Properties of Atoms, Molecules and Materials
In a technology driven civilization the quest for new and smarter materials is everlasting. They are required as platforms for developing new technologies or for improving an already existing technology. The discovery of a new material is no longer chance driven or accidental, but is based on careful reasoning structured by deep understanding of the microconstituents of materials - the atoms and molecules in isolation or in an assembly. That requires fair amount of exposure to quantum and statistical mechanics. `Understanding Properties of Atoms, Molecules and Materials' is an effort (perhaps the first ever) to bring all the necessary theoretical ingredients and relevant physical information in a single volume. The book introduces the readers (first year graduates) or researchers in material chemistry/engineering to elementary quantum mechanics of atoms, molecules and solids and then goes on to make them acquainted with methods of statistical mechanics (classical as well as quantum) along with elementary principles of classical MD simulation. The basic concepts are introduced with clarity and illustrated with easy to grasp examples, thus preparing the readers for an exploration through the world of materials - the exotic and the mundane. The emphasis has been on the phenomena and what shapes them at the fundamental level. A comprehensive description of modern designing principles for materials with examples is a unique feature of the book.The highlights of the book are comprehensive introduction and analysis of Quantum states of atoms and molecules The translational symmetry and quantum states in periodic and amorphous solids Band structure and tuning Classical and quantum statistics with applications to ideal gases (photons, phonons and electrons, molecules) Quantum states in type-I and type-II superconductors (elementary theory included) Magnetic materials, materials with GMR and CMR Shape memory effects in alloys and materials 2D materials (graphene and graphene analogus) NLO and photovoltaic materials Hydrogen storage material for mitigating the looming energy crisis Quantum states in low and high band gap semiconductors Semimetals Designer materials, etc. The volume is designed and organized to create interest in the science of materials and the silent revolution that is redefining the goals and boundaries of materials science continuously.
The Unity of Science
The Unity of Science presents a unique overview of natural phenomena and foundations of different technologies (chemistry, electronics, optics, etc.). It explores the connections and unified foundations of diverse scientific and technological fields. The author explains how much of Nature (at the very small and very large scales) and most of our technology can be understood/derived from a few basic principles or concepts (Newton and Coulomb's laws, special relativity, Schrodinger's equation and the concept of entropy). Additional features include: Uses a systematic derivation of Statistical Mechanics from information theory, a connection central understanding the brain and the functioning of Deep Learning networks. Explains how combining special relativity with electrostatics allows one to understand magnetic phenomena. Details how the unification of special relativity with QM allows one to understand the origin of anti-matter and spin (Dirac's equation). This book is ideal for students of chemistry, material sciences and engineering and professionals with an engineering/scientific/mathematical background.
Green Synthesis of Oilfield Chemicals for Sustainable Development
Plant based solutions for Oilfield Flow Assurance Problems using natural plant based materials were presented. The synthesis of key oilfield chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, and scale inhibitors through green chemistry principles, emphasizing atom economy, reduction of hazardous substances, and energy efficiency were described. The prospects of this approach are promising, suggesting a pathway toward the widespread adoption of sustainable practices in the oil and gas industry.
Editorial Board Members' Collection Series in "Bioinorganic Chemistry of Copper"
This Reprint provides a representative sample of the current research on copper biochemistry. It contains 14 published articles from dissimilar laboratories, developed by bioinorganic scientists, that explore topics such as antiproliferative studies, anticancer agents, anti-inflammatory compounds, potential radioactive imaging diagnosis agents, reactive species related to amyloid peptides, antiparasitic activity, catalytic oxidative activity, and protein mimics.
Chemical Properties and Industrial Importance of Acetone
This monograph offers an in-depth examination of the chemistry and industrial applications of acetone and its derivatives, positioning itself as a crucial resource for both professionals in the field and students of chemistry. The work begins with an exploration of the global acetone market, detailing the major producers and tracing the historical development of acetone. It provides a comprehensive analysis of various production methods, including the extraction of acetone from calcium acetate, production via acetic acid, the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process, and synthesis from acetylene. The hydration of acetylene, the cumene process, industrial methods involving benzene and carbon dioxide, extraction from isopropanol, and the Kovalevsky reaction are also meticulously covered. Overall, this monograph serves as a comprehensive guide to the chemistry of acetone, offering valuable insights into its production, properties, and applications within both industrial and academic contexts.
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which include a vast array of substances. In the given text, we only refer two organic compounds as Alkynes and Aromatic compoundsOrganic reactions involve the breaking and formation of covalent bonds. Common types include:  Substitution reactions: One atom or group is replaced by another. Addition reactions: Atoms or groups are added to a molecule. Elimination reactions: Atoms or groups are removed from a molecule. Oxidation-reduction reactions: Transfer of electrons between molecule.
Teaching Chemistry
Teaching Chemistry can be used in courses focusing on training for secondary school teachers in chemistry. The author, who has been actively involved in the development of a new chemistry curriculum in The Netherlands and is currently chair of the Committee on Chemistry Education of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, offers an overview of the existing learning models and gives practical recommendations how to implement innovating strategies and methods of teaching chemistry at different levels. It starts at the beginner level, with students that have had no experience in secondary schools as a teacher. After a solid background in the theory of learning practical guidance is provided helping teachers develop skills and practices focused on the learning process within their classrooms. In the fi nal chapter information is given about the way teachers can professionalize further in their teaching career. Addresses innovative teaching methods and strategies. Includes a section of practical examples and exercises in the end of each chapter. Written by one of the top experts in chemistry education. Jan Apotheker taught chemistry for 25 years at the Praedinius Gymnasium, Groningen. In 1998 he became a lecturer in chemistry education at the University of Groningen, retired in 2016. He is currently chair of the Committee on Chemistry Education of the IUPAC.
Hydrogen sulfide
This book highlights the dangers of toxic chemicals, with a particular focus on hydrogen sulfide (SH₂), a noxious gas often emitted from landfills. It explores waste management, degradation processes, and the release of toxins like SH₂ into the environment. Through an analysis of lexiviates, this book demonstrates how these fluids contaminate soil and groundwater, seriously affecting public health. The text also discusses the acute and chronic effects of SH₂ exposure, associated pathologies, and the importance of appropriate safety measures for landfill workers. In conclusion, it proposes strengthened policies and innovative techniques for sustainable waste management, aimed at reducing the risks associated with toxic substances and protecting human and environmental health.
Laboratory Exercises for General Inorganic Chemistry IV
This general inorganic chemistry lab guide specializes in experiments involving titration and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. This guide aims to promote an understanding of the basic principles and practices involved in redox reactions and titration processes. Aiming to provide a holistic approach to learning, we integrate theoretical principles with practical applications. From a theoretical understanding of the principles of oxidation and reduction to the practical application of titration in chemical experiments, this guide will help you develop your skills in this area. Each lab exercise includes instructions for preparing chemical solutions, measuring and analyzing data, and questions to help you understand the theory behind each experiment. We hope this guide will be a useful tool for deepening your knowledge of inorganic chemistry and encourage you to further explore the exciting world of chemistry.
Military Pyrotechnics
This book covers military pyrotechnics characteristics, sensitivity, combustion, performance parameters, ingredients and their behaviour, various pyrotechnic compositions and their manufacturing methods, filling, pressing and assembly of ammunition and so forth. Divided into two broader sections, namely military pyrotechnic compositions and military pyrotechnic ammunitions and devices, it provides full spectrum of military pyrotechnics and a guide for all personnel involved with management of military pyrotechnic ammunitions and devices in design, production, inspection, training, and use.Features: Answers "know what", "know why "and "know how" of pyrotechnic compositions and pyrotechnic ammunitions and devices Explains various concepts and mechanisms of the military pyrotechnics Deliberates on role and characteristics of pyrotechnic compositions and its classification Discusses various factors affecting performance and some differences in military pyrotechnics Describes various methods of initiation of ignition in ammunition Elucidates basic requirements of pyrotechnic ammunitions, its development and life cycle of ammunition lots Provides classification, division, shelf life, compatibility and nomenclature of ammunitions and devices Reviews test/proof requirements of ammunitions and devices, deployment and functioning, defect classification, sampling plan and acceptance criteria Explores latest trends in 'green pyrotechnics' for environment- friendly military pyrotechnics
Emerging Pollutant Treatment in Wastewater
This book highlights the innovations and techniques to identify and treat emerging pollutants in waste and polluted water. It begins with the classification of emerging pollutants and is followed by a review on existing detection and elimination techniques as well as the current regulations in place. Subsequent chapters cover membrane-based separation processes, polymer-based or resin-based water filters, functional materials, nanomaterials-based adsorbents, microplastics and a summary of the potential solutions in treating or removing emerging pollutants. Features Presents an overview of current and developing treatment technologies for water polluted with emerging pollutants Gives an in-depth account and analysis of advanced materials and methods for separation and treatment Reviews analytical techniques applied to detect emerging pollutants Discusses the overall effect of policies on current chemicals/plastics/APIs in the market Includes pertinent case studies and regulations This book is aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in environmental, civil and chemical engineering and waste and drinking water treatment.
Quantum Mechanics
Main features: i) A different approach for teaching Quantum Mechanics encompassing old quantum mechanics, matrix mechanics and wave mechanics in a historical perspective which helps to consolidate most important concepts of Quantum Mechanics;ii) Original information from the most important papers of Quantum Mechanics;iii) Derivation of all important equations of Quantum Mechanics, for example, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, de Broglie's wave-particle duality, Schr繹dinger's wave equation, etc., showing their interrelations through Dirac's equations and other applications of matrix and wave mechanics;iv) Comprehensive mathematical support for the understanding of Quantum Mechanics; derivation of all equations make reading easier;v) The illustrations of the book cover examples, exercises and do-it-yourself activities;vi) Fundamentals of Fortran and numerical calculation along with the source codes for numerical solutions of several mathematical and quantum problems. All source codes are in the author's site: (https: //www.fortrancodes.com/);vii) Chapters devoted to linear algebra and differential equations applied to quantum mechanics and their numerical solutions;viii) Complete solution for the one-electron and two-electron problems using Schr繹dinger's time independent equation along with their source codes.
Ion exchange resins in water treatment
With the rapid growth in industries and urbanization toxic ions are discharged into rivers and other water bodies. Perchlorate, nitrate, chromate, thiocyanate, fluoride are toxic in nature if their concentration is more than permissible limit. Elimination of these toxic ions from water or waste water is of prime importance to reduce contamination of water bodies. The ion exchange process is found to be more effective among other treatment processes because of high selectivity, high mechanical and chemical stability of ion exchangers and low cost of regeneration. In this book important research findings of selectivity study of perchlorate and nitrate and adsorption of toxic hexavalent chromium, thiocyanate, fluoride from water and water-mixed solvent media using ion exchangers at different temperatures are highlighted.
Advanced Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production
Advanced Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production is a comprehensive and advanced book on practical and theoretical concepts of nanocatalysts dealing with future processing techniques towards environmental sustainability. The book critically discusses on latest emerging advanced nanocatalysts for biodiesel production aimed at reducing complexities and cost in the quest to meet future energy demands. Efforts have been made at clarifying the scope and limitations of biodiesel production in large-scale commercialization. The book discusses the size-dependent catalytic properties of nanomaterials and their working mechanisms in biodiesel production. Life cycle assessment of optimized viable feedstock from domestic as well as industrial waste is also addressed to improve the efficiency of biodiesel production. The book will be a valuable reference source for researchers and industrial professionals focusing on elementary depth analysis of nanocatalyst multifunctional technological applications in seeking key ideas for mimicking biodiesel production towards ecology and the economy.Key Features Provides a comprehensive environmental assessment of advanced nanocatalysts for biodiesel production to meet tha world's energy demands Discusses the green platform-based nanocatalysts like metal oxides/sulphides, 2D layered material synthesis and their relevance for biodiesel production. Presents a pathway for cheaper, cleaner and more environmentally friendly processing techniques for biodiesel production
Hazards and Safety in Process Industries
Safety in process industries is of utmost necessity to ensure protection from hazards. The aim of this book is to elucidate the hazards and preventive measures for a few of such specific industrial processes. Starting with overview of the prevalent industrial accidents, types of hazards and safety provisions, the book contains nineteen chapters with each one of them consisting of a unique case study comprising of basic causes, results and discussion, and protective measures to be adopted to overcome such situation. Topics covered include caprolactam storage tank accident, fire explosion accident caused by static electricity, and human factors risk and management in process safety and so forth. Aimed at researchers, professionals, graduate students in Chemical Engineering, Safety Management, Risk Assessment, Chemical Process Safety, this book: Provides exhaustive coverage of industrial case studies on their hazards and safety issues in the process industry set-up. Includes quantitative discussion on new and existing technologies and methodologies. Explores high quality descriptive and quantified data for better visualization of each chapter. Gives detailed description on various industrial accidents, their related consequences and available safety/preventive measures. Discusses preventive measures taken by world class industries in their production plants.
Combining Medicinal Plants and AI to Combat Respiratory Infections
The book explores the potential of natural remedies for respiratory diseases, focusing on Saussurea costus and polyphenols from medicinal plants in treating COVID-19 and asthma. Key bioactive molecules from Saussurea costus, particularly Cynaropicrin, show promise against COVID-19, supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, polyphenols like Geraniol and Carvacrol demonstrate potential in managing both SARS-CoV-2 infections and asthma. Integrating traditional medicine with modern science offers promising new treatments for respiratory diseases.
Semiconductor Photodetectors
The exponential increase of the Internet of Things (IoTs) has revolutionized lives, but it has also resulted in massive resource consumption and environmental pollution. In conjunction with Green IoTs (GioTs), there is a parallel effort to create highly sensitive devices by device design to conserve power. Furthermore, numerous applications require deciphering information from very weak optical signals, such as from radiation, medical imaging, industrial non-destructive testing, quantum technologies, astronomy, and various other such routine measurements. It is necessary to design photodetectors with high photosensitivity using various technological innovations to reduce the noise level, such as with two inversely directed barriers, as proposed by the authors, in which the currents of devices mutually compensate each other and create low dark current with high photosensitivity thresholds. The implementation of internal amplification of photocurrents in them can provide high photosensitivity. The book presents the mechanism for the injection amplification of the photocurrent in devices based on cadmium telluride and silicon with a high-resistance sublayer, as well as the study of creating highly sensitive devices, that are resistant to radiation of optical and X-ray ranges of electromagnetic waves. Particular attention is drawn to the mutual compensation process for photocurrents arising in opposite potential barriers covering the layer during longitudinal absorption of radiation in the sublayer. Using structures on the base cadmium telluride and silicon, as an example, the phenomenon of a change in the sign of the spectral photocurrent and the possibilities of wave measurement is provided by this phenomenon. Photoelectronic processes occurring in these semiconductor structures are investigated, and expressions are obtained that relate the parameters of optical radiation and the structure. The algorithm developed using these expressions is based on a new spectral analysis mechanism, which is implemented to prepare inexpensive, reduced dimensions with the need for less materials, and energy-intensive devices. All this is considered in the context of solving urgent problems of quantitative remote identification of the components of an optically transparent medium. The global spectral analysis market is focused on the development of semiconductor photodetectors with spectral-selective sensitivity for spectral analysis. The use of such a photodetector in spectrometry will eliminate the use of opticalmechanical systems due to the new physical principle used in it and will ensure high resolution and reliability of spectrum recording. As environmental threats become increasingly unpredictable, there is also a growing need to develop remote spectral analysis, identification, and assessment of substances in air, water, and food, assessment of the effects of substances on humans, animals, and vegetation, and detection and elimination of pollution sources. Here, the spectral analysis of the electromagnetic radiation transmitting the information from the object with the help of primary sensors is essential.
Multi-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) is finding increasingly wide application principally due to the analysis of mixtures of moderate to high complexity. Many industries are developing increasingly complex products that are challenging the separation capabilities of state-of-the-art 1D-LC and need new analytical methodologies with substantially more resolving power, and 2D-LC meets that need. This text, organized by two leaders in the field, establishes a sound fundamental basis for the principles of the technique, followed by a discussion of important practical considerations. The book begins with an introduction to multi-dimensional separations and a discussion of the history and development of the technique over the past 40 years, followed by several chapters that provide a theoretical basis for development of 2D-LC methods, including foundational concepts regarding separation complementarity, under-sampling, and dynamics of liquid chromatography separations. Instrumentation for 2D-LC is discussed extensively, including practical aspects such as interface selection and setup. Building on this foundation, two separate chapters are focused on method development for non-comprehensive and comprehensive separations, followed by a chapter dedicated to data analysis. Finally, applications of 2D-LC in several fields ranging from pharmaceutical analysis to polymer science are summarized.The book is an important resource for both students and practitioners who are already using 2D-LC or are interested in getting started in the field.Key Features: Demonstrates the conditions under which a 2D-LC method should be considered as an alternative to a 1D-LC method Establishes a sound fundamental basis of the principles of the technique, followed by guidelines for method optimization Provides a single source for technical knowledge advances and practical guidance described in recent literature Assists with the initial decision to develop a 2D-LC method Guides the reader in developing a high-quality method that meets the needs of their application
Analysis of Specific Drugs Through Screening Tests
A drug refers to any chemical substance capable of inducing physiological and, if relevant, psychological alterations upon consumption by an organism. This definition typically distinguishes drugs from substances like food that primarily offer nutritional value. Drugs can enter the body through various routes, including inhalation, injection, smoking, ingestion, absorption via skin patches, administration as a suppository, or dissolution under the tongue. In the realm of pharmacology, a drug is a chemical compound, usually with a well-defined structure, that, upon administration to a living organism, triggers a specific biological response.
Mechanochemistry and Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing
This unique volume describes advances in the field of mechanochemistry, in particular the scaling up of mechanochemical processes. Scalable techniques employed to carry out solvent-free synthesis are evaluated. Comparability to continuous flow chemistry, the current industrial benchmark for continuous efficient chemical synthesis, is presented.The book concludes that mechanochemical synthesis can be scaled up into a continuous, sustainable process. It demonstrates that large-scale mechanochemistry can meet industrial demands, especially in the pharmaceutical industry.Features Mechanochemistry is rapidly developing as a multidisciplinary science on the borderline between chemistry, materials science and environmental science This unique text focuses on mechanochemistry with the ability to scale up and illustrates how mechanochemical synthesis is no longer an obstacle This timely book highlights recent advancements describing what can be achieved in chemical synthesis Mechanochemistry enables the synthesis of multiple polymorphic crystalline forms in the production of drugs in the form of tablets or granules in capsules
Teaching the visually impaired from a multi-sensory perspective
For some years now, the transfer of students with special needs from special education to mainstream education has been taking place in Brazil. However, schools and educators have not been prepared for this change, and physical and attitudinal barriers to inclusion still prevail. It is believed in this research that one of the ways to solve this problem is to work on the inclusion of blind students through experimentation and digital teaching resources. In the scientific literature, there are already several teaching resources that have been created or adapted, but there is still a lot to be done, especially for students with special needs. Considering Vygotsky's theory, in which students with special needs should learn the same content with the same degree of demand as others, and using a multisensory methodology, we developed teaching material consisting of a didactic sequence and adapted materials with the aim of facilitating the teaching-learning process of the chemical reactions content for students with or without sight problems.
Tribology of 2D Nanomaterials
Friction and wear between machine pairs always cause excessive energy losses and even mechanical failures in industrial applications. To overcome these problems, researchers have focused on enhancing the performance of lubricants, particularly with regard to reductions in energy dissipation and improved durability. Recently, many 2D materials were used as solid lubricants at the nano/microscales or macroscales, applied as composite fillers, or added to lubricants as additives to enhance lubrication and wear protection performances. These 2D materials exhibit different tribological behaviors, which are valuable to investigate for the development of novel lubrication systems. This reprint is aimed at the most recent discoveries in the tribology of 2D nanomaterials in research and industry.
The Devastating Dual of Copper and Zinc
This book takes an in-depth look at copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) imbalances, as well as metal poisoning, with a particular focus on mercury. Highlighting sources of contamination, health effects, mechanisms of toxicity and detoxification strategies, it offers a holistic understanding of these crucial issues. Emphasizing the importance of ongoing research, it calls for a multidisciplinary approach to better understand the interactions between metals in the human body, and to develop more effective prevention and treatment measures. This book thus provides an essential resource for health professionals, researchers and policy-makers involved in protecting public health from the dangers of heavy metals.
Manganese
Summary and Dedication: Manganese: Bioinorganic Secrets reveals the essential importance of this mineral to our health. Discover how manganese supports metabolism, strengthens bones, protects against oxidative stress and promotes brain function. This book explores the best dietary sources, the mechanisms of absorption, and the effects of deficiency or excess. It also discusses recent advances in research and potential applications for public health.This work is dedicated to my dear fellow students of the DEA Bioinorganique d'Orsay, class of 93: B矇atrice, Brigitte, Murielle, Anne and Fran癟oise. Your kindness, helpfulness and intelligence have profoundly marked my career. Thank you for your inspiration and support.
Activated carbon and its Preparation
The agricultural sector is playing a vital role in human and economic development. The impact of agricultural solid waste on human and animal well-being as well as on environment is substantial, which is mainly due to ignorance during managing agricultural solid waste. Agricultural biomass is a naturally available, complex organic or non-organic product. It is viewed as a promising option and sustainable energy source that can be changed by controlled heating into a worth item like activated carbon (AC). The characteristics of any activated carbon depends on various biomass properties like, its type, % moisture, % ash, size of particle and its chemical composition. This book gives the idea of managing solid waste by transforming agricultural waste into value added product like activated carbon. This book gives the information of variety of raw materials used for synthesis of activated carbon, properties, methods of preparation and their applications.
Influence of Quality Raw Materials on the Brewing Process
Beer is one of the most widely consumed alcoholic beverages in the world, and Brazil is the world's third largest producer. You could say that as well as carnival and football, beer has also become part of the culture of the Brazilian people. The flavours and aromas of a beer are formed not only by the activity of the yeast, but also by the raw materials used and the production techniques. This book aims to highlight the importance of raw materials in the beer production process, and the function of each of these components.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study of Novel Benzothiophene Derivatives
The paper titled "Exploring the Structural Elucidation and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Amino-Benzothiophene-Based Aryl Acetamide Moieties" likely focuses on the following aspects: Structural Elucidation: The study investigates the detailed structure of chemical compounds derived from 2-Amino-Benzothiophene and aryl acetamides. This involves techniques to determine the molecular configuration and functional groups of these compounds.Antimicrobial Activity: The research evaluates how these 2-Amino-Benzothiophene-based compounds perform as antimicrobial agents. This typically involves testing their effectiveness against various microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.The overall aim is to understand the relationship between the chemical structure of these compounds and their antimicrobial properties, potentially leading to the development of new, effective antimicrobial agents.
Biomass Conversion and Organic Waste Utilization
Due to the global shortage of energy and some natural resources, the recycling and reutilization of biomass and organic wastes has emerged as a critical strategy. Recently, biomass and organic wastes have begun to be produced in huge amounts. The inappropriate disposal of biomass and organic wastes can lead to serious environmental problems. In contrast, the effective treatment and refinery of biomass and organic wastes can produce biomaterials, biofuels, and biochemicals. This reprint sheds light on some important technologies regarding the disposal and reutilization of biomass and organic wastes, which would be essential for global sustainable development and the circular economy.
