Ecology, Biodiversity and Systematics
"Ecology, Biodiversity, and Systematics" digs deeply into the concepts of biodiversity, the principles of ecology and the delicate web of life. The book provides a complete picture of the mechanisms that support life on Earth, from the fundamental ideas of ecological interactions to the intricacies of global biodiversity. The book is an important resource for academics, students and anybody who is interested about the natural world because it incorporates the most recent research with real-life case studies. In addition, the book offers a plethora of recognition of the interconnectedness of ecology, biodiversity and systematics. The approach projected in the book is far-reaching, benefiting students, researchers and teachers. As the entire world is facing incessant challenges, the principles of care and empathy in education offer a powerful framework for nurturing the potential of every learner and creating a more compassionate and equitable world able to mitigate climate change and global warming impacts.
Small Islands in Peril?
This book explores the idea that small island communities could be regarded as canaries in the coal mine of sustainable development because of scientific and anecdotal evidence of a common link between rapid population growth, degradation of the local resource base, and intensification of disputes over the ownership and use of terrestrial and marine resources. The authors are all anthropologists with a specific interest in the question of whether the economic and social 'safety valves' that have previously served to break some of the feedback loops between these trends appear to be losing their efficacy. While much of the debate about economy-society-environment relationships on small islands has been overtaken by a narrow focus on the problem of climate change, the authors show that there are many other factors at work in the transformation of island lives and livelihoods.
Five Easy Pieces on Water
Water is the essential substance for life on Earth. The natural patrimony of all living beings and the material and cultural heritage, a common good, a shared resource, a treasure trove of humanity. The nature of water, water at rest and in motion, the water cycle and its management are addressed here in a multidimensional, comprehensive and transdisciplinary approach. The book focuses on water without complying with any disciplinary approach: philosophical, historical, physical and mathematical issues are merged with traditional hydrochemistry, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics and hydrology to provide an overview of basic knowledge on Earth's water. These five lectures can be delivered to any undergraduate STEM student to introduce them a valuable, basic, multidisciplinary knowledge on water. Non-specialists will find here an insight of water made as simple as possible, but not simpler than required
Flood Handbook
Written by experts from around the world, this handbook presents different aspects of flooding in the context of changing climate and across geographical locations.
Vascular epiphytism in the Sorocaba/M矇dio Tiet礙 River Basin
Around 10% of all vascular plants in the world have an epiphytic habit. This book characterizes the floristics, structure and spatial distribution of the vascular epiphytic community in protected and unprotected forest fragments in the Sorocaba/M矇dio Tiet礙 watershed, which has three vegetation types - cerrado (CER); semideciduous seasonal forest (FES); dense ombrophilous forest (FOD). Seven forest fragments were investigated in each vegetation type. A total of 1080 phorophytes were assessed and divided into six vertical strata. We recorded 176 epiphytic species belonging to 66 genera and 14 families; H'=3.695; J=0.713; DMg=18.39. Among the species, 56% were anemochoric and 44% zoochoric. The greatest floristic similarity was observed between CER and FES; FOD had the highest number of exclusive species (94 spp.). The vertical distribution was different between CER and FOD, and between FES and FOD, but similar between FES and CER. The results indicate the dependence of the epiphytic community on atmospheric humidity. The presence of 50 species under some degree of threat constitutes a strong argument for the conservation of forest fragments in the basin.
Efficiency of an Exotic Parasitoid Reared on Different Substrates
Fopius arisanus [Sonan, 1932] (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an egg-pupal parasitoid of fruit flies that has been used very successfully in Hawaii. Introduced to Brazil in November 2012 and, in April 2013, at Embrapa Semi獺rido, it has been the subject of various research studies to adapt it to laboratory rearing under local conditions. The successful use of this species in biological control programs for fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii, makes its use in the control of B. carambolae in Amap獺 and C. capitata in the S瓊o Francisco Valley promising.
Study of the Bioecology of the Mapar獺 (Hypophthalmus marginatus)
The mapar獺 (H. marginatus) found at the mouth of the Par獺 River up to near the Tucuru穩 dam is popularly known as "Mapar獺-do-nosso", they live in lentic environments, are smaller, robust and the color of their backs is a lighter gray, while the mapar獺 found both along the course of the Tocantins River above the dam, and in the dam lake (lotic environments), are elongated and narrow with a dark back, they are popularly known as "Paulo Isid籀rio". It is one of the most traded fish in the Lower Tocantins.
The Influence of Ecological Factors on the Human Organism
The monograph is devoted to the problems of the influence of environmental factors on the health of the population living in the conditions of the Southern Aral Sea region. The results of research on the ecological assessment of the state of human population health are presented, which reflects the state of the ecosystem of the Southern Aral Sea region as a whole. The book is addressed to scientists, teachers of higher educational institutions, doctoral students, undergraduates, graduate students, as well as for those who are interested in the problem of environmental protection and reducing the consequences of the Aral ecological crisis in the Southern Aral Sea region.
Climate Change
Climate change is a major worldwide issue of the twenty-first century because of its rapid acceleration and growing intensity, which will have profound effects. India's environmental, socioeconomic, and urban landscapes have undergone a significant upheaval as a result of the consequences of climate change. Extreme weather events have become more frequent and numerous in India in recent years, putting vulnerable people at risk. The effects of climate change are widespread in India having a wide range of repercussions over the entire nation. The book, 'Climate Change: An Indian Perspective' depicts a bird's eye view about climate change in India. The book is useful for academicians, policy makers, scholars, researchers, public health professionals, social workers and people involved in climate research.
Wood, Trade, and Spanish Naval Power (C.1740-1795)
By focussing on timber sourcing, this book sheds light on the exploitation of forests in settings outside the Iberian Peninsula, including foreign states in the southern Baltic region and the colonial territory of New Spain between the c.1740-1795. Analysis of contracts, projects, and their implementation by the Spanish crown in the 18th century allow for a better understanding of the position of the Spanish monarchy's nearly global efforts to sustain its naval commitments in the Atlantic World.
Current Trends in Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics
Livestock and poultry is the wealth of any nation as it contributes directly or indirectly to human health and ultimately the country's economy. Infectious diseases cause large scale economic loss due to high morbidity and mortality. In India, due to infectious diseases the combined annual loss in bovines is estimated to be Rs. 27545 crores. Effective disease control and prevention strategies are must to overcome such losses. If understanding disease epidemiology can provide means for disease control and prevention, understanding the nature of pathogens leads to vaccine development. The present book highlights the recent update on important diseases of animals, like Rabies, PPR, HS, Bovine Herpes Virus, Mycoplasmosis, Foot Rot, Canine Distemper, Parvo virus and African swine fever. Before update on disease diagnosis laboratory safety is also included. Recent insight of antimicrobial resistance like ESBL-E. coli and methicillin-resistant (Staphylococcus aureus). Vaccine is the most effective means of disease control and prevention and have also resulted in successful eradication of diseases in animals and in humans.
Eco-Degradation Biodiversity and Health
Survival of any organism depends upon its surrounding environment. The relationship between man and his environment is never static. Man's extensive interaction with the environment has resulted in Eco-Degradation. The Eco-Degradation is pose to come up as one of the major concerns for the mankind. Increasing rate of Urbanisation, Industrialisation, Mining, Deforestation and Population explosion resulted in highly polluted milieu and formidable health hazards not only for the mankind but for the entire living beings. The present book deals with the impact of Eco-Degradation on Population Health as well as Aquatic Health. Actual scientific research articles/reviews were included in the book were written by the eminent scientists of the field. This book will be of great use as a reference book to students/research scholars/scientists working in the field of Environmental Studies, Life Sciences and Social Sciences.
Threads of Green
Ride the Echoes of the Past into a Luminous Future Imagine a future where civilization thrives in perfect harmony with nature. A Sustainable Civilization: Historical Echoes and Modern Challenges charts a course through our past to steer the ship of progress towards a sustainable vista. This book is an exploration of humanity's place within the Earth's tapestry and a guide to shaping a world that future generations will inherit with pride.Delve deeply into The Imperative for Change, where the calling for sustainability transcends a buzzword into a visceral necessity. Discover a rich tapestry of wisdom woven from history with Lessons from History: Tracing Our Sustainable Roots, unveiling the stark reminders and hidden inspirations of our ancestors' interaction with the environment. The narrative escorts you on an odyssey to grasp the complex relationship between human progress and the ecological balance.Turning the page to today's pressing narrative, confront the sobering truths of A World in Flux, where climate change becomes tangible, biting into the core of our existence. But this isn't a tale of despair. It's a rallying call illuminated by pathways of endurance and strategies of resilience, underpinning optimism and actionable wisdom. Within the chapters, learn about The Renewable Revolution and how the ardor for sustainable energy ignites the quintessential transformation imperative for our species' survival.The tour de force doesn't halt at the water's edge. Embark upon an aquatic voyage in The Waters of Life: Quenching a Thirsty World and Oceanic Heritage: Guarding the Marine Commons, exploring the critical role water bodies play in scripting the saga of a sustainable civilization. Witness the challenges they face and the innovative solutions creating ripples of positive impact.With each chapter, from the foreboding threats to biodiversity in Biodiversity's Beacon to the futuristic visions meted out in New Horizons: Technological Frontiers in Sustainability, the book fosters an understanding that sustainability isn't a destination-it's a genesis of ongoing efforts interlinking economics, ecology, technology, and culture.A Sustainable Civilization: Historical Echoes and Modern Challenges is an essential read for scholars, students, policymakers, and anyone determined to be a steward of this magnificent planet. Join us on this panoramic expedition that transcends the mere facts of sustainability. It's an experience of wonder, awakening, and ultimately, hope." Join the ranks of those who dare to not only envisage a more coherent and resilient future but have the audacity to co-create it.
Efficiency of Apis mellifera L. hive densification and management
This study conducted in the Chapada Diamantina was stimulated by observations previously made which suggested that there was a pollination deficit in the Eva orchard. The book therefore presents the results of studies carried out in 2008, 2010 and 2011, the main objectives of which are discussed in two chapters. In the first chapter, we assessed the pollination deficit in the apple orchard under the local conditions of pollinator management usually employed by growers. In the second chapter, we investigated the effect of supplementation with 7, 9 and 11 Apis mellifera hives/ha, with and without pollen collectors, on the density of visits and the production of seeds in the fruit. From this study we hope to determine the number of hives and the most appropriate management to increase productivity in the orchard. This book is aimed at all apple growers who want to increase productivity by using the Apis mellifera L. bee.
Environmental Sustainability Index
The river basin is a complex environmental system, resulting from the interrelationships between the physical-natural and socio-economic subsystems. Identifying it as a unifying unit for environmental processes and human interference has led to its adoption as a research unit, allowing for the assessment of environmental quality and sustainability, based on the analysis of physical-chemical, biological and socio-economic factors. The aim of this work is to compose a Water Use Sustainability Index (ISA) to help support the adoption of public policies aimed at the sustainable use of water resources.
Metagenomic Analysis for Unveiling Agricultural Microbiome
Microbial communities play crucial roles in sustaining agricultural ecosystems, influencing both crop health and productivity. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria and fungi in the soil, are pivotal in the cycling of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They convert these elements into forms that plants can readily absorb, thereby directly impacting soil fertility and plant nutrition. Soil microorganisms are also known to produce hormones and other biochemicals that promote plant growth. This biological control is instrumental in managing crop diseases and reducing dependency on chemical pesticides. Moreover, microorganisms play a critical role in helping plants cope with abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and extreme temperatures. Such biodiversity is essential for robust agricultural systems that need to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
Nutritional Status and Interventions for Patients with Cancer
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The World Cancer Research Fund determined that the diet and nutrition conditions of the individuals are modifiable risk factors in the development of several cancers and a predominant component in the recovery and effectiveness of the treatments. Nutritional intervention is critical, but nutritional support is not widely accessible to all individuals, leading to potential nutritional risk and nutrition wasting. A multidisciplinary approach with targeted nutrition is vital to improve the quality of care in oncology. Cachexia management remains a challenge in clinical practice and malnutrition is accepted as a significant negative predictive and prognostic factor in all cancer patients. The importance of metabolic interactions within the tumours are crucial and the mechanisms by which dietary factors might increase or decrease therapeutic intervention are key factors to unravel the nutrition influences in cellular and molecular processes in cancer.
Plant Physiology
Plant physiology is influenced by a combination of internal and external factors that have led to remarkable diverse functions. Recent progress in understanding the proximate basis of plant physiology has revealed a myriad of underlying mechanisms, ranging from genomics and epigenomics to transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This Special Issue called for review or research articles, short letters, and reports that provided novel insights into plant physiological mechanism research. It is centered around timely topics, including the molecular and physiological mechanisms of character improvement, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, hormonal and environmental signaling, and postharvest. We welcomed research using cutting-edge technologies, such as genomics, ATAC-seq, and genome editing. We encouraged the publication of research papers with significant innovative technologies and creative ideas related to plant physiology. In addition, we invited experts in plant physiology to write up-to-date review articles that highlight recent advances and future perspectives.
Pseudorabies Virus, Volume II
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an important swine pathogen that impacts the swine industry worldwide. PRV belongs to the alphaherpes virus subfamily of the herpesviruses and has been widely used as a model for herpes virus. Most recently, PRV has been reported to sporadically spillover into humans and other animals. This book collates the lastest advances in the field of pseudorabies virus research, including critical reviews and research on viral epidemiology, virus-host interaction, pathogenesis and immunity, and novel antiviral strategies.
Novel Challenges and Therapeutic Options for Liver Diseases
This Special Issue focuses on cutting-edge developments, from viral diseases via autoimmune, vascular, metabolic disorders, to liver cirrhosis and its complications, such as acute and chronic hepatic failure and the development of primary liver cell carcinoma. Digitalization, prevention, and telemedicine are also included. Finally, this Special Issue gives new insights in future translational hepatology.
Frontiers in Canine and Feline Gastrointestinal Disease
Clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease are amongst the most common presenting complaints in small animal veterinary practice. Over the last decade, many scientific advances have been made regarding determining the etiopathogenesis, improving diagnostics, and optimizing the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases in dogs and cats. Despite this, there are still large knowledge gaps in our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and, therefore, the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods or efficacious treatments for common gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic inflammatory enteropathy, canine protein-losing enteropathy, and feline enteric-associated T-cell lymphoma-2. Therefore, the publication of new scientific findings focused on canine and feline gastroenterology will help to advance our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of the present Special Issue was to gather, in one publication, the most recent advances in canine and feline gastrointestinal research.
Wildlife conservation and management
Introduction to wildlife conservation and management, legislation, valuing nature, animal ecology, protection of natural areas and their objectives, threats and extinction of wild animals, extinctions caused by man, the Red Book and the assessment of extinction risk by the standards of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), wildlife inventories, wildlife conservation and preservation, wildlife management.
Plastic Waste Management (Avert Plastic-Revert Green Planet)
This book is written exclusively for students of various branches of engineering and those are studies related to waste management keeping in view their professional requirements. In this book the all information about related to plastic their types, properties, application, impact on humans, animals and methods for management. Plastic products have become an integral part in our daily life as a basic need. It produced on a massive scale worldwide and its production crosses 170 million tonnes per year globally. In India, approximately 10 Million tonnes plastic products are consumed every year which is expected to rise 15 million tones by 2025. Its broad range of application is in packaging films, wrapping materials, shopping and garbage bags, fluid containers, clothing, toys, household and industrial products, and building materials. It is a fact that plastics will never degrade and remains on landscape for several years.
Environmental Management in Metropolitan Regions
The metropolis besides having its socio-economic importance can be sustainable, some authors advocate compact cities as sustainable because the concentration of people centralized near their jobs and the diversity of trade optimize and minimize the displacement reducing transportation costs and consequently reducing the emission of pollutants from vehicles whether from public transport or private and consequent centralization of public services reducing costs saving the public purse.
The golden aphid of the Laghouat Atlas pistachio tree
This work was carried out at three sites in the Laghouat region, with the aim of studying and characterizing an endemic species, the Atlas pistachio (Pistacia atlantica), and assessing the damage caused by the golden aphid to this pistachio population. Our results revealed that our pistachio population is comparable to other regional stands, and is exposed to attack by several aphid species. The aphid fauna recorded at the three sites is made up of 03 different species: Forda riccobonii, Geoica utricularia and Smynthurodes betae. They belong to the Aphidinae subfamily. Several types of galls of different colors and shapes were observed. Statistical analysis revealed positive and significant correlations between the number of galls and tree biometric parameters such as tree height, crown height, trunk height, leaf width and leaflet length. Gall propagation is mainly due to the plant species, its stage of development, the aphid species and climatic conditions.
Fighting Forest Fires to save water resources
Forest fires are one of the main environmental problems facing the world today, consuming thousands of hectares of forest every year and directly influencing global warming due to the carbon dioxide (CO2) released in huge quantities by these fires, as well as being one of the biggest culprits in the destruction of natural animal habitats on the planet and, consequently, one of the biggest causes of species extinction. Over time, new technologies and procedures have been researched with a view to controlling forest fires and fighting them more efficiently, with less wear and tear on firefighters and less water consumption, given the increasing scarcity of this resource. As it becomes more difficult to obtain water and the intensity of the fire increases, the need arises to use chemical products that improve the efficiency of water in extinguishing the fire or that can replace it. The aim of this work was to optimise the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for fighting fire in vegetation using chemical flame retardants, with a view to saving water resources.
Climate Crisis
This comprehensive book aims to provide readers with a thorough understanding of climate change issues, from the scientific fundamentals to the socio-economic and political dimensions, and inspire meaningful action towards a sustainable future for generations to come.Importantly, this book does not dwell solely on the challenges posed by climate change; it also explores the myriad solutions and opportunities available to mitigate its impacts and build a more sustainable future. From renewable energy and carbon capture technologies to resilient infrastructure and equitable climate policies, we highlight the innovative solutions and initiatives that are already underway to combat climate change.We hope that this book serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, educators, students, activists, and concerned citizens alike, providing them with the knowledge, insights, and inspiration needed to take meaningful action on climate change. Together, let us rise to the challenge of the climate crisis and create a brighter, more sustainable future for all.
Tetra Pak recycling for the construction industry
The practice of using recyclable materials in construction is becoming more common every day. This positive trend aims to build a sustainable legacy for new generations, in line with the new world order. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyse the confluence of mechanical properties in concrete, specifically the use of cardboard packaging fibre, by subjecting the fibre to the axial compressive strength test, according to NBR12118, over a period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. From natural concrete to the use of cartonboard strips cut with a guillotine to form strips with a thickness of 30mm x 3mm. This work is moving towards the great challenge of adding carton packaging to natural aggregate in the manufacture of concrete for the final construction product. The results of the 28-day compressive strength test were 24.5 MPa for 100% natural aggregate, 22.53 MPa with the addition of 5% carton packaging, 20.09 MPa with the addition of 10% carton packaging and 16.22 MPa with the addition of 15% strips.
Evolution and Trends of Sustainable Approaches
Evolution and Trends of Sustainable Approaches: Latest Development and Innovations in Science and Technology Applications provides different trends and approaches within the sustainability framework to assess their impact and offer possible solutions to problems facing the global sustainability paradigm. This book evaluates sustainability assessment approaches which support different levels of both decision-making and policy processes, thereby improving the management of natural and human systems. This book explores sustainable firm solutions, the upward trend of sustainability, and its variants. At the same time, different existing approaches are analyzed. These sustainable assessment approaches can be applied to products, services and technologies as well as business models, such as the Product-Service-System (PSS), Circular Economy (CE), Industrial Symbiosis (IS), and Supply Chain (SC). Finally, the book explores Sustainability Indicators (SIs), which are widely used to measure and communicate progress towards sustainable development, along with Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA), balancing the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social and economic).
The Forest Frontier
Originally published in 1994, this book analysed land developments, deforestation and pasture substitution, colonisation schemes and spontaneous settlement during the latter part of the 20th Century.
Living Forest, Strong Community
Given the current environmental crisis, one of the reasons for which is the unsustainable way in which natural resources are exploited, actions and contributions that contribute to sustainable development are necessary. The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of forest degradation in the community of Munhino, in the municipality of Bibala, and, based on scientific and local knowledge, to contribute to sustainable forest management, taking into account the local social and economic reality. The methodological procedure thus included interview and questionnaire surveys, direct observation of the situation, interaction with the local population, as well as a literature review on the subject (legislation, reports/information from local authorities, academic works, magazines and documents from international entities and organizations).
Hydraulics in Civil Engineering
On the one hand, the book closes the gap between applied civil engineering hydraulics books and standard fluid mechanics works; on the other hand, it is designed as a course that can be applied modularly. The goal is to present the facts in an understandable and descriptive way and with experiments, software, and materials that are available anywhere. This is an open access book.
Endangered Species - Present Status
The book provides comprehensive information on the importance of conserving endangered animal and plant species. There are many species categorized as very likely to become extinct in their own native ranges in the near future. In fact, thousands of species are lost every year, and their numbers continue to increase annually at an alarming rate. The book is organized into two sections on animal species and plant species. The first section discusses endangered animal species such as Chinese pangolins, Pompa cats Galapagos pinnipeds (sea lions and fur seals), and more. The second section discusses endangered plant species such as dragon blood trees and plants native to Hawaii. The book emphasizes species conservation and proposes various strategies adopted and recommended by experts.
Resource Management in Agroecosystems
In our rapidly growing and changing world, the sustainable management of Earth's resources has become an urgent global priority. Resource Management in Agroecosystems provides a compass for navigating this complex terrain. It offers a multifaceted exploration of resource management from sustainable agricultural practices to water and energy optimization, soil conservation, and biodiversity preservation. This book delves deep into the strategies needed to harmonize food production with environmental stewardship. Beyond addressing challenges, this book also spotlights opportunities, inviting readers to embark on a transformative journey. With profound gratitude to our authors, reviewers, and publishers, we invite you to join us in this intellectual odyssey. Let Resource Management in Agroecosystems guide you toward a more sustainable and resilient future, where the needs of humanity harmonize with the well-being of our planet.
Life Cycle Assessment - Recent Advances and New Perspectives
The cradle-to-grave and cradle-to-cradle techniques of life cycle assessment make it possible to analyze the environmental impacts of products associated with natural resource acquisition, purchasing, production, services, assembly, distribution, and use and recycling from raw material extraction to waste management. This book offers a selection of chapters that explain the impact of green supply chain solutions on value-making chains. It is designed to help students at all levels as well as managers and researchers to understand and appreciate the concept, design, and implementation of life cycle assessment.
Groundwater - New Advances and Challenges
Groundwater is the largest natural resource in the world. The estimation of groundwater resources as well as their sustainable management are challenges for users, practitioners, managers, and decision-makers. These challenges can be solved based on the progress in three domains: (1) data modeling (2) data science, and (3) advanced systems of ground measurement and Earth data. This book contributes to the progress of groundwater characterization by addressing some challenges through applications and discussions of relevant case studies as well as new approaches. It contains six chapters that discuss various approaches and tools used to study and investigate the impacts of climate change and pollution risks. They also present techniques for accessing water that may contribute to sustainable exploitation and management of groundwater resources.
Land-Use Management - Recent Advances, New Perspectives, and Applications
In Land-Use Management - Recent Advances, New Perspectives, and Applications acclaimed experts from diverse fields converge to present a comprehensive exploration of the latest developments in land-use practices. This groundbreaking book delves into the dynamic interplay between human activities and the environment, offering a nuanced understanding of how land-use decisions shape our world. From cutting-edge technologies to innovative policy frameworks, this book showcases the forefront of land-use management. Readers will gain insights into sustainable urban planning, agricultural practices, conservation strategies, and the integration of smart technologies. Each chapter is a testament to the multidisciplinary nature of effective land-use management, emphasizing the need for collaborative approaches in tackling the challenges of our rapidly changing global landscape. Land-Use Management - Recent Advances, New Perspectives, and Applications is an indispensable resource for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complexities of contemporary land-use challenges. Whether you are involved in urban planning, environmental science, or policy formulation, this book offers a comprehensive guide to understanding, managing, and optimizing land use for a sustainable and resilient future.
Ecology and Environmental Monitoring
The term "ecology" was first coined by the biologist E. Haeckel in 1866. According to him, ecology is the science of the relationship between living matter and the surrounding environment (from the Greek words ekos / oikos-home and logos-science). Ecology is a complex science using the methods and concepts of biology, geology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, geography, engineering sciences, economics, law, etc.Environmental monitoring is the process of monitoring and controlling the state of the environment in all components (air, water, soil, rocks, ecosystems, species) and warning of created critical situations, harmful or dangerous to the environment and people. A network of points is established to collect data on the state of the environment throughout the country. The location of the points shall be specified on a scientific basis. For example, when building the network of air monitoring climatic and meteorological factors are taken into account. It is a rule to build points around pollutants. Sampling is carried out in respect of all components of the environment - air, surface and groundwater, soils and rocks, the movement of waste is monitored.
The Faithful and the Reasonable
This book follows the successful titles "The Colourful and the Green: Chapters on Voluntary Simplicity" and "The Half-Hearted and the Hesitant: Chapters on Ecological Luxury." The author poses the question of why, at a time of continuing devastation of nature, people's interest in nature conservation has been decreasing. Are the media to blame or is our numbness toward ecological problems rooted in our mental makeup that tends to supress unpleasant realities? The author also wants to find out why some people have remained faithful to nature. To get to the answers, she applies sociological, philosophical, psychological, and theological perspectives. An unexpected question that may surprise some readers then becomes: Actually, why should we protect nature when it can take care of itself? It is not weak; it is strong and cruel.Librov獺's students Vojtěch Pelik獺n, Lucie Galčanov獺, and Luk獺s Kala interview the children of "the Colourful," too: have they inherited their parents' modest lifestyle?
Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's Classification of the Natural Communities, now in its fourth edition, is intended as a reference book describing the state's biodiversity at the community and ecosystem levels. It describes natural patterns of organisms that typically co-occur together in a particular kind of environment. The classification draws on years of use and data collection by North Carolina's Natural Heritage Program, the extensive vegetation plot data of the Carolina Vegetation Survey, and the National Vegetation Classification. The classification units are intended for detailed conservation planning at the natural community level, for representing the diversity of ecological function, for characterizing the habitats of species, and for contributing to the conservation of the myriad species that are too poorly known to track individually. The 343 community subtypes are grouped into types and are nested within 30 broader ecological themes that have been recognized in North Carolina for decades, retaining continuity with previous editions. Material to aid in identification of the communities includes concept statements, dichotomous keys, and descriptions of the distinctions from closely related communities. Extensive descriptions of each community and each theme include sections on physical settings, soils, hydrology, vegetation, range, abundance, and ecological dynamics, using scientific nomenclature and terminology. Crosswalks to the National Vegetation Classification and to NatureServe's ecological systems and listings of rare plant and animal species associated with each community provide additional functionality. While technical in style--mostly providing scientific names instead of common names--this book can offer the educated layperson and scientist alike an expanded appreciation of the diversity of natural settings in North Carolina. It is expected to remain a primary reference for years to come. An electronic (pdf) version of this book is available for download from the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program at https: //www.ncnhp.org.
The effect of harvesting and flooding on nutrient cycling and retention in Cyperus papyrus wetlands
Papyrus wetlands provide benefits to millions of people in Africa. The area is decreasing, while demand for food production increases. It is therefore urgent to combine increased agricultural production with wetland conservation. Field research findings and a dynamic simulation model support adaptive management for African wetlands.
Propagation to Pharmacopeia
Medicinal herbs and trees are some of the most trusted sources of traditional cures for most common diseases, even in the present day. The onset of COVID- 19 has increased the popularity of medicinal and herbal plants as well as their products over modern medicines in several instances. There is a considerable gap between demand and supply as most of these plants are not conventionally cultivated and are collected from forests. Most of the knowledge of the identification and utilization of medicinal and herbal plants is orally passed on from one generation to another and only occasionally documented.Propagation to Pharmacopeia: Modern Approaches in Medicinal Plants explores various aspects of medicinal and herbal plants, including cultivation, biotechnological aspects, diversity, bioprospecting, sustainable utilization of medicinal plants, extension, ethnobotany/ modern and traditional uses, and conservation of medicinal plants. This book will serve the purpose of providing scientific information about medicinal plants and herbal plants, their uses, biotechnological aspects, chemical profiling, and conservation.Features: A systematic overview of trees and herbs with medicinal importance Outline of medicinal plants, formulations, and herbal medicines effective to treat SARS-CoV-2 Strategies for ameliorated production, extraction, and quantification of plant secondary metabolites Approaches for propagation, genetic transformation, and conservation of medicinal plant germplasms This book serves as a resource of helpful information for academicians, biotechnologists, foresters, agriculture practitioners, researchers, as well as those in industries manufacturing herbal drugs, nutraceuticals, and supplementary products. From this book, readers will gain extensive knowledge of widely used medicinal and herbal plants and a perspective on how they can be cultivated, commercialized, and sustainably utilized for the benefit of human health.
Scientific Secrets of Nature
In this book, you and your children will discover the amazing wonders of nature through simple experiments. What's the science behind the Lotus effect? Find out using kohlrabi leaves. Feeding carnivorous plants with gummy bears? Yes, it works! But why? Determine the air quality of your surroundings, a park, or a forest with a homemade lichen grid. Quickly, you'll become an expert on the wonderful and useful lichens. Invisible microorganisms of a lake become visibly teeming life with a laser pointer - all without a microscope! Discover the "dark" side of nature with a simple UV flashlight, making vegetables, plants, mosses, fungi, algae, crabs, and shells glow in vibrant colors. A red glowing spooky bell pepper for Halloween? Yes! An exploratory night walk on the beach? Hooray! Great fun with experiments for indoors and outdoors for the whole family. This book is the perfect companion for hikes and holiday travels - bringing you closer to nature. Featuring numerous color photos, many descriptive graphics, and 14 spectacular videos. So: Off into nature!
The Science of Garden Biodiversity
You step out of the back door into the garden. There may be a few birds flitting around, perhaps butterflies or bumblebees on the wing. But often the garden can seem very still. But if you look beyond the superficial inactivity there is an ecological web of wildlife to explore, to understand and then to encourage more biodiversity.The Science of Garden Biodiversity: The Living Garden shows how data and science can help to dispel myths, such as that a garden fit for wildlife must be 'wild' and that you must grow native plants. It also provides an understanding of how diverse life can be in gardens and how gardens work. And along the way there are scientific 'signposts' to better wildlife gardening. Julian Doberski explains the role of 'small things' - microorganisms and invertebrates - that are fundamental to the ecological functioning of gardens.Learning more about the ecology of a garden helps us understand and appreciate what makes a garden a refuge for wildlife and how following the science may lead to a more thoughtful and constructive approach to gardening and garden design and garden planting.
Water Pollution
Water is of the prime importance for all the human activities and so its management and conservation is most essential. In this present age, when every man is aware of the importance of sustainable environment, training the mass in environment management is the need of hours. It is necessary to change people's attitude towards the importance of water. A new environmental behaviour is necessary, in which quantitative demands and confrontation must be replaced by qualitative appreciation and co-ordination. This will hopefully lead us into a new era of human harmony, which can bring changes to the well being of life on the earth. The book presents the most important aspects of pollution, conservation and management of aquatic environment. Factual studies and research-based recommendations are also included in this book. This book is a unique compilation of 40 research articles, which must be useful to the students pursuing advanced and specialized courses, academicians, researchers, scientists, administrators, industrialists and the concerned people in general.
Biotechnology in the Modern Medicinal System
Biotechnology in the Modern Medicinal System: Advances in Gene Therapy, Immunotherapy, and Targeted Drug Delivery presents an informative picture of the state-of-the-art research and development of actionable knowledge in medical biotechnology, specifically involving gene therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted drug delivery systems. The book includes novel approaches for therapy of various ailments and the real-world challenges and complexities of the current drug delivery methodologies and techniques.The volume helps to bridge the gap between academic research and real-time clinical applications and the needs of medical biotechnology methods. This edited book also provides a detailed application of medical biotechnology in drug discovery and the treatment of various deadly diseases.Chapters discuss targeted drug delivery to specific sites to avoid possible entry to non-targeted sites, minimizing adverse effects. The volume provides information about the roles of alternative routes of drug targeting, like intranasal and transdermal, resulting in improving patient compliance. Targeted drug delivery is explored for several health issues, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, malaria, and hemoglobin disorders. Also considered is the role of genes in various genetic diseases and gene therapy, and immunogene therapy as alternative approaches to conventional cancer therapy.Finally, the book investigates the important role of computers in biotechnology to accelerate research and development in the modern medicinal field for better and optimum results. Studies show that significant improvement has been observed in the development of a faster and less invasive diagnostic system for the treatment of diseases by utilizing both artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology.This valuable volume provides a wealth of information that will be valuable to scientists and researchers, faculty, and students.
