Detection, Control, Risk Assessment, and Prevention of Foodborne Microorganisms
Despite sustained efforts by governments and the food industry, enteric foodborne diseases remain a global public health concern, contributing significantly to disease burden and mortality. Although some major pathogens have shown stable incidence rates in recent years, others continue to emerge or increase in prevalence, posing ongoing challenges to food safety systems. Emerging risks are being driven by shifts in consumer behavior, globalization of food trade, advances in processing technologies, and population aging. In a new era of food safety, underpinned by a risk-based approach, omics data and quantitative tools are promising assets to combat enteric foodborne diseases. This Special Issue contains original manuscripts presenting novel approaches for the detection, control, and prevention of enteric foodborne microorganisms. Some manuscripts also combined quantitative and molecular methods to study the emergence and reemergence of foodborne pathogens. Contributions applying quantitative risk assessment approaches, supported by computational tools, to explore microbial food safety issues in greater depth were also welcomed.
Sharks
The extraordinary journeys of sharks are revealed by Michael Bright in the beautiful and sweeping Sharks. Bright shines attention on the thousands of miles some sharks traverse through the world's oceans, taking weeks or even months to reach their destinations. He highlights sharks that perform there-and-back vertical migrations, rising from the depths to cover a mile or more in a single day. He compares the local movements of whitetip reef sharks with the epic ocean-spanning migrations of dusky sharks. Why, though, do sharks travel such distances, and how do they find their way? Cutting-edge research and innovative tracking technologies, such as acoustic devices and satellite tags, are providing researchers with the tools to answer those questions. Bright explores the latest research and explains some of the many mysteries of shark migration.Sharks explores the migrations of these fascinating creatures, revealing the inherent dangers of their wandering. For, while attacks on humans make the headlines, it is the sharks themselves who face the greatest threat, from humans in return, as they move through the ocean currents.
Strategic Report on Research and Development in Biotechnology for Defense Innovation
Autophagy - From Molecular Mechanisms to Flux Control in Health and Disease
Omics Approaches in Biofilm Research
The increased incidence of microorganisms' selective pressure to traditional antibiotics has led to the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenomena and has become a global health issue with a catastrophic influence on millions of lives, as well as the global economy. The inherent tendency of pathogenic microorganisms to infer MDR could be attributed to their ability to form recalcitrant biofilm matrices. The biofilm matrix not only advocates chronic nosocomial infections, but also critically provides protection against environmental stress including antibiotic therapies. Biofilm-mediated MDR has posed a serious challenge to human well-being. Henceforth, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of biofilms and the concomitant development of diagnostic & therapeutic modalities to counteract biofilm-mediated chronic infections.The lack of understanding on biofilm biology has a critical negative influence on diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. Therefore, it is imperative to discover the right course of action to understand biofilm mechanics. The advent of Omics-based approaches has provided a holistic realization to understand biofilm ecology with special reference to the pathophysiological interactions of antibiotic-resistant genes, protein-protein interactions, and response-based interactions with therapeutic agents upon infection. The inherent ability of several Omics-based approaches has provided a comprehensive understanding of biofilm dynamics at various levels of organization such as genes, mRNA, proteins, and their regulation. Omics-based tools such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. have provided a new horizon to understand and tackle the biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance. The integrated approach to consider multi-Omics tools (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, etc.) has further improved our understanding of the mechanisms associated with biofilm resistome profile. The applications of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics profiles of biofilm matrices could provide new dimensions in relation to the characteristic properties of different ARGs, their relative expression profiles, and their metabolic intervention in biofilm mechanics. Also, advanced integrated Phenomics, Lipidomics, and Culturomics approaches could provide novel avenues to understand the diverse range of biofilm phenotypes, their macromolecular reorganization profiles, and molecular tools for identification of microbial species in the complex biofilm microenvironment. Based on the advancement in omics-based tools, "Omics Approaches in Biofilm Research: Perspectives and Applications" integrates the current knowledge of biofilm microenvironment and innovative strategies to address biofilm mediated drug resistance. This work provides a comprehensive platform to enhance our knowledge, diagnosis and strategies to mitigate biofilms and associated diseases.
Gene Editing by CRISPR-Cas
This book entitled "Gene Editing by CRISPR-Cas" provides a comprehensive and well-structured approach on the historical context of genetics and gene editing techniques leading to the ground-breaking discovery of CRISPR-Cas systems.
Photodynamic Therapy for the Management of Disease
Details various aspects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Reflects on its latest innovations, methodologies, and future prospects. Focuses on diffusion optical imaging and its application for treating patients. Highlights contribution of nanotechnology in cancer medication delivery systems.
Recent Advances and New Challenges in Coupled Systems and Networks
This Special Issue is in honor of Professor Roderick Melnik, who has pioneered many advanced mathematical models and has significantly contributed to this field over the past few decades. This Reprint is dedicated to the recent advancements, developments, and challenges pertaining to the development of current state-of-the-art models focused on mathematical and computational sciences, with their applications in relation to modeling natural, social, and engineering systems. We believe that this Reprint will provide the readers with ample knowledge and lead to the generation of novel ideas for future advancement, pushing the boundaries of knowledge in mathematical and computational sciences and their multifaceted applications.
Benthic Biodiversity from Microbes to Multicellular Organisms and Its Functional Interplays
This Special Issue explores the assessment of benthic biodiversity, spanning microbes, protists, megafauna, and fish, and its responses to both natural and human-induced drivers. It emphasizes how these communities influence key ecosystem functions such as biogeochemical fluxes and material transport across the seafloor. Despite advances in marine ecology, much of the benthic realm-particularly beyond macrofauna-remains poorly understood. By bringing together observational, experimental, and modeling approaches, this collection provides new insights into the complex dynamics of benthic communities and their reactions to environmental gradients and anthropogenic pressures.
Editorial Board Members' Collection Series
The Special Issue "Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Diseases" is a collection of papers from our Editorial Board Members and researchers invited by them. The aim is to provide a venue for networking and communication between the journal Medicina and scholars in the field of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases.
Association of Dietary Intake with Chronic Disease and Human Health
Chronic diseases represent one of the most pressing global health challenges, placing an immense burden on individuals and posing significant challenges to healthcare systems. While their development is influenced by multiple factors, an increasing amount of evidence highlights the pivotal role of diet and lifestyle in both prevention and management. Understanding how dietary interventions mitigate chronic conditions is essential for developing effective, sustainable health strategies. A balanced diet is widely recognized as a key factor in reducing the risk of chronic metabolic diseases, offering a sustainable and accessible approach to disease prevention and health promotion. While the etiology of chronic disease is complex, many chronic conditions can be mitigated through lifelong adherence to healthy lifestyle practices. Effective management strategies are inherently multidimensional, integrating dietary interventions, regular physical activity, and broader lifestyle modifications. Among these, nutrition plays a pivotal role as it represents a modifiable risk factor for the onset and progression of numerous chronic diseases, whether occurring as isolated conditions or in comorbid states. This Special Issue garners selected contributions that not only explore the scientific underpinnings of dietary interventions but also emphasize the translation of experimental findings into practical, real-world applications. By bridging scientific research with practical applications, this Special Issue will provide significant insights into the development of evidence-based strategies for chronic disease prevention and management.
Plants, Lichens, Fungi and Algae Ingredients for Nutrition and Health
This Special Issue reveals important information on the possibility of using plant ingredients and by-products to enhance the nutritional and functional value of various staple foods. Furthermore, the use of such ingredients in animal nutrition to achieve superior meat quality will be discussed. This Special Issue highlights the experience of the authors with respect to the utilization of plant ingredients as a sustainable way to enhance the nutritional value of foods, with many benefits such as diminishing nutrient deficiencies, or the manufacture of food for people with dietary requirements such as those with gluten intolerances. The properties of the ingredients used, the manufacturing technologies, and the opportunity to incorporate fruit, vegetable, yeast, and lichen components are key factors for obtaining enriched food products. In addition, current concerns regarding the development of novel food products which exert some health benefits on consumers were also discussed in this Special Issue.
The Role of Dietary Bioactive Compounds in Human Health
This Special Issue presents the latest research findings and existing knowledge regarding the disease prevention effects (including antioxidative, anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular-protective, skin-protective, and neuroprotective activities) of dietary bioactive compounds. The underlying molecular mechanisms of how these dietary bioactive compounds regulate their health-promoting effects are discussed. The Special Issue includes eleven papers covering the above-mentioned aspects, with six reviews and five research papers. The results of the above-mentioned studies will fill the gap between our knowledge of natural bioactive compounds and their underlying cellular signaling and molecular mechanisms. Further studies are needed to discover the cross-connections between oxidative stress and disease prevention in signaling pathways networks.
Vitamin D and Its Effects in Craniofacial Growth
Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in Craniofacial growth by regulating calcium-phosphorus balance, bone mineralization, and gene expression via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in bone, cartilage, and dental tissues. Chronic deficiency defined by 25(OH)D levels below 20-30 ng/mL can impair jaw development, leading to underdeveloped maxilla or mandible, crowding, narrow arches, high palates, and increased risk of crossbites. Thus, ensuring adequate vitamin D levels during growth through sun exposure, diet, or supplementation is essential not only for systemic bone health but also for optimal craniofacial and dental development. This Dissertation contains the metabolism of Vitamin D in detail with particular emphasis of its effect in growth and development of the Craniofacial skeleton.
Study on Prognostic Marker Mucin1
Mucin1 is an important tumor marker, and is notable for the autoproteolytic event, a signature of all SEA domain containing proteins. This work reports an in silico, study of the structural and functional significance of the 18 residue insert in the autoproteolytic process and also the peptide inhibitors for preventing its receptor-ligand alliance. It also reports ligand scaffolds that could effectively participate in inhibition of autoproteolysis of mucin 1. The study reveals both isoforms to poses an intact SEA domain, with an altered functional scaffold around the cleavage site. Mutation analysis by alanine substitutions at the insert region revealed ILE67 to be more destabilizing, resulting in increased fluctuation of the neighboring residues. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation revealed Isoleucine67 to contribute more to the structural and functional properties of the protein and therefore is one of the crucial residues for the cleavable nature of MUC1/X. Through virtual screeing and docking two ligand scaffolds were identified that have higher binding affinity towards the cleavage site.
TA Cloning
We have exploited the technique of TA cloning of a gene responsible for antibiotic resistance i.e Kanamycin resistance by following the basic steps involved in the cloning process.Background of the invention An essential requirement for effective genetic engineering of bacteria and other cells propagated in cell cultures is the capacity to select the cells with a specific genotypic alteration. The most common selection strategy in recombinant DNA technology is to include a selection marker in the cloning vector or plasmid. A selection marker can be a cloned gene or a DNA sequence, which allows the separation of the host cells containing the selection marker from those not containing it. The selection marker together with a suitable selection medium maintains the cloning vector in the cells. Otherwise, since the replication of plasmids is an energetic burden for the bacterial host, in a growing cultures the bacteria, which have lost the plasmid, would have a growth advantage over the cells with the plasmid.
Seroepidemiology of Transfusion Transmitted Toxoplasma gondii, CMV and
The seroepidemiology of transfusion- transmitted infections such as Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and parvovirus B19 among healthy blood donors in India underscores a significant public health concern, particularly for immunocompromised individuals, neonates, and pregnant women. Studies from various regions in India reveal that the seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies among blood donors ranges from approximately 20% to 25%, indicating past exposure, with a smaller percentage showing IgM positivity, suggesting recent infections . CMV exhibits a notably high seroprevalence among Indian blood donors, with IgG positivity rates reported between 90% and 97%, reflecting widespread prior exposure, while IgM positivity remains low, indicating fewer recent infections . Parvovirus B19 seroprevalence studies indicate that IgG antibodies are present in approximately 27% to 40% of donors, signifying previous exposure, with IgM antibodies detected in about 1.4% to 7.5% of donors, pointing to current or recent infections.
Overview of Prostate Cancer and its Diagnostic Techniques
Prostate cancer remains one of the prevalent malignancies affecting men globally. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States and many other countries.A liquid biopsy refers to a non-invasive diagnostic test that detects cancer-related biomarkers shed by tumors into the bloodstream or other bodily fluids. Early Detection and Screening Liquid biopsies have the potential to aid in the early detection of prostate cancer, particularly in high-risk populations. By analyzing PSA levels and genetic markers, liquid biopsies can provide insights into a patient's risk profile, leading to timely interventions. Monitoring Disease Progression Liquid biopsies allow for real-time monitoring of cancer progression without the need for repeated invasive procedures.
Histochemical and Cytochemical Methods of Visualization
Histochemistry and cytochemistry are important fields for studying the inner workings of cells and tissues of the body. With chapters written by specialists teaching the methods or using them in research, this volume describes the essential techniques that can be used for histochemical investigations in both light and transmission electron microscopy. A survey of classical as well as specialized methods of visualization, it provides a set of basic techniques which can be adapted for various circumstances and offers a conceptual framework to help readers apply protocols to specific models. A 16-page insert supplies color illustrations to enhance the text. 　
Human Microbiome
The human microbiome is the sum total of all microorganisms (fungi, viruses, bacteria, and other microbes) that inhabit and reside on the human body. These microorganisms mostly live in places such as the skin, gut, mouth, and other body systems. The human gut microbiome, specifically, harbors trillions of organisms and plays vital functions in the following terms: Digestion and metabolism, immune system development and function, protection against pathogens production of essential vitamins and compounds Influence on mental health through the gut-brain axis.
Antimicrobial Resistance - New Insights
This comprehensive book provides a timely and authoritative overview of the latest advances in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), bringing together leading experts to share their knowledge on the complex mechanisms of AMR and the latest clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The book delves into how AMR is a critical global health threat driven by the misuse of antibiotics in medicine, agriculture, and the environment, undermining treatment effectiveness and food security. The volume highlights urgent needs for molecular research, global collaboration, and innovative solutions such as nanotechnology and alternative therapies to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. It also emphasizes the importance of responsible antimicrobial use, improved surveillance, and coordinated action across sectors to manage and prevent AMR sustainably. With a balanced view of the current state of knowledge, this book highlights areas of uncertainty and controversy and identifies future research directions. The book is an essential resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to stay up-to-date with the latest advances, students and academics looking for a comprehensive and authoritative textbook, and industry professionals and policymakers interested in understanding the latest developments and challenges in the field. The book will provide them a unique opportunity to explore the complex interplay between AMR and gain a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, ultimately aiming to contribute to developing effective strategies to combat AMR and improve human health globally. This book is a self-contained collection of scholarly papers targeting an audience of practicing medical and basic researchers, academicians, MD/Ph.D. students and scientists.
Body Oxygen Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function
This book links oxygen metabolism from experimental animal models to human clinical applications, bringing together concepts and knowledge from laboratory models to clinical practice. In particular, the book provides the experimental results of a rat model exposed to various protocols that prove the suggested monitoring approach, describes the various monitoring devices developed for patients' monitoring in clinical situations, and provides a discussion of the results as well as conclusions. The book is ideal for a range of basic scientists, seeking greater understanding of the clinical applications and potential translation of in vitro and animal model studies as well as a range of clinicians, seeking greater understanding of the fundamentals of oxygen metabolism and homeostasis.
Genotyping
This volume covers the latest techniques used to study single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyping, such as Sanger sequencing, qPCR, Nanopore sequencing, and PACE. The chapters in this book cover topics such as SNP nomenclature, databases, and significance of SNPs in various fields; PCR-based techniques like HRM and CD-PCR; isothermal amplification methodologies; high-throughput methods like FCS-based SNP genotyping; and guidance of data analysis, emphasizing the importance of quality control, statistical analysis, and visualization. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Genotyping: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both new and experienced researchers who want to gain a deeper understanding of genotyping and its myriad of applications.
Sea Otter Conservation II
Driven to the brink of extinction by the maritime fur trade, sea otter recovery is a remarkable success story, one with broad implications to our understanding of their life history, ecology, and socio-ecology. Sea Otter Conservation II: Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration summarizes current knowledge regarding sea otter recovery and the role it plays in the restoration and resilience of coastal systems. Written by experts in the field, this volume describes the influence of sea otters in kelp, seagrass, salt marsh, and mixed sediment communities, and how their ecological effects can link marine and terrestrial systems. The authors consider the ecological and socio-ecological consequences of the maritime fur trade, the ways in which abundant food and space have affected sea otter recovery, and the potential of future sea otter reintroductions to aid their recovery and that of related ecosystems. This book reviews the latest methods in monitoring sea otter behavior, population status and genetic diversity, and the impact of climate change on sea otters and their associated communities. Sea Otter Conservation II: Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration is an important resource for anyone studying ecology, conservation, or restoration.
Fungal pathogens and crop management systems
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2025 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: Distinction, course: BSc Biotechnology, language: English, abstract: Pathogenic fungi in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food safety. This study aimed to isolate and identify pathogenic fungi from tomatoes grown under different crop management systems, and to compare their occurrence across these systems. Ninety-six tomato samples were collected from each of the four plots depicting different management regimes in Mohales-Hoek, Lesotho. Plots were dedicated to a specific management system comprising a natural system (control), conventional system, integrated system and inter-cropping. The samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory at the National University of Lesotho. Pathogenic fungi were isolated using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and identified through macroscopic and microscopic observations. Four pathogenic fungal genera of Alternaria, Penicillium, Botrytis, and Fusarium, were identified and the percentage incidence of fungi genera was calculated. The study revealed variations in the incidences of these fungi across different crop management systems. The highest occurrence was found in Alternaria, which ranged from 22.29% in integrated systems to 48.96% in the natural system. Fusarium occurrence varied from 11.46% (integrated) to 18.75% (natural and intercropping). In the natural system, Penicillium was the most common (19.79%), whereas Botrytis was the least common in intercropping (2.13%). Comparing integrated and intercropping systems with conventional and natural approaches, revealed considerable decreases in fungal contamination. In conclusion, the present study hypothesises that effective and sustainable crop management is capable of lowering post-harvest losses and fungal diseases. The study further suggests instituting integrated management systems may improve tomato output and re
The Stronger Sex
A myth-busting vindication of women's physical strengths that's "fun, rooted in science, and a strong pitch for a stronger sex" (Cat Bohannon) A Library Journal Best Book of the Year For decades, Starre Vartan--like most women--was told that having a woman's body meant being weaker than men. Like many women, she mostly believed it. Not anymore. Following a half decade of research into the newest science, Vartan shows in The Stronger Sex that women's bodies are incredibly powerful, flexible, and resilient in ways men's bodies aren't. Tossing aside the narrow notion of a fully ripped man as the measure of strength, Vartan reveals the ways that women surpass men in endurance, flexibility, immunity, pain tolerance, and the ultimate test of any human body: longevity. Vartan--a deadeye shot since her grandmother showed her how to aim a .22--debunks myth after myth like so many tin cans at two hundred yards and reveals why, if anyone wins in a battle of the sexes, it's women. In interviews with dozens of researchers from biology, anthropology, physiology, and sports science, plus in-depth conversations with runners, swimmers, wrestlers, woodchoppers, thru-hikers, firefighters, and more, The Stronger Sex squashes outdated ideas about women's bodies. It's a celebration of female strength that doesn't argue "down with men" but "up with us all."
Leptospirosis - Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Despite affecting many people annually, all over the world, leptospirosis remains frequently underdiagnosed and neglected. With a broad range of clinical presentations, leptospirosis is a true diagnostic challenge with far-reaching public health implications. This book dives into several dimensions of leptospirosis, offering a presentation of medical, veterinary, environmental and socioeconomic aspects of the disease. Different chapters explore acute and chronic manifestations of the disease, the epidemiology among human and animal populations and the role of environmental factors. Topics of the book also include the reservoirs of the disease, the effects of climate change and urbanization, gaps in diagnostics, and demand for surveillance systems. The book's authors highlight the need for the One Health approach to tackle all the challenges this disease poses. The book is intended for a broad audience, from professionals and researchers to students and anyone else who would like to know more about this disease.
Biochemical Journal
Explore the groundbreaking research presented in Volume 5 of the "Biochemical Journal," a vital resource for scientists and researchers. Published in 1911 by the Biochemical Society (Great Britain) and the Johnston Laboratories Bio-chemical Dept, this historical record provides insights into the state of biochemical knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. This volume offers a detailed look at early biochemical investigations, documenting methodologies and findings that shaped the development of modern biochemistry. It is an invaluable addition to the libraries of institutions and individuals interested in the history of science, biochemistry, and related fields.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Genetic Improvement in Poultry
The significant advancements in poultry genetics highlight the transition from traditional breeding methods to modern genomic technologies. The evolution of poultry production, which began with the domestication of the red junglefowl, has seen remarkable improvements in productivity through traditional selection focused on phenotypic traits such as growth rate, egg production, and feed efficiency. While these methods have yielded substantial gains, their limitations underscore the necessity for contemporary genomic tools that facilitate more precise and effective genetic enhancements. The integration of high-throughput -omics datasets, including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, has revolutionized the field of poultry genetics. These technologies enable researchers to analyze vast amounts of biological data. The genetic improvement in poultry including traditional selection and molecular genetic tools. As well as this book emphasizes the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genomic selection, which facilitates the identification of genetic variations linked to specific traits, such as disease resistance and feed efficiency.
The Book of Marine Molluscs
The Book of Marine Molluscs is handy field guide for the recreational shell collector, naturalist and students, its provides information for shell collection, preservation, identification key for families with color photograph, classification, importance and conservation of more than 139 species of common gastropods and bivalves which available from Pazhayar, Nagapattinam and Gulf of Mannar region, Tamil Nadu, Southeast coast of India, I am sure that the book will be a constructive field guide for graduate and post-graduate students of Marine Sciences.
Complications of Diabetes and Advances in Modern Treatments
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by persistent hyperglycemia, leading to serious microvascular and macrovascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), nephropathy (DN), neuropathy (DPN), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These arise from interconnected mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, AGEs, and endothelial dysfunction. Modern treatment strategies address both underlying pathology and symptoms. Anti-VEGF agents are central to managing DR and DME, with corticosteroids and laser therapy as adjuncts. DN therapy focuses on RAS blockade, tight glycemic and blood pressure control, and early detection through biomarkers. DPN treatment involves glucose regulation, pain management, and experimental therapies targeting oxidative/inflammatory pathways, though clinical efficacy is still emerging. CVD risk is managed through lipid control, antihypertensives, and glucose-lowering agents with heart benefits. A personalized, multidisciplinary approach is essential to reduce complications, enhance life quality, and lower long-term mortality.
Healing With Garlic
This book explores the antimicrobial potential of garlic, a traditional herbal remedy widely used in medicine, cosmetics, and food. It elaborates how different extraction methods (maceration, ultrasound-assisted, and soxhlet) and solvents (ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate) affect garlic's ability to combat harmful bacteria like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. Among these, ethyl acetate extract from soxhlet extraction demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activity. Advanced chemical analyses (GC-MS and HPLC) identified key bioactive compounds, including phenolics and flavonoids, that contribute to garlic's effectiveness. This book provides valuable insights into garlic's role as a natural antimicrobial agent and sets the foundation for further research into its bioactive components.
An in Vitro Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Pomelo Fruit
Inflammation is a complex process that involves the body's response to injury or infection. It can be beneficial in the short term, but it can have negative consequences if it becomes chronic. Due to the wide range of bioactive phytochemicals that may have therapeutic qualities, pomelo fruit has been used as a herbal remedy since ancient times, is still in use today, and is probably going to be used in the future. Pomelo can strengthen the immune system, prevent cancer, and improve cardiovascular health. The present study results showed that the extract from pomelo fruits has anti-inflammatory properties. Because of the presence of its active constituents' potential as primary oxidants and ability to scavenge free radicals, pomelo fruit extract significantly inhibited heat-induced albumin denaturation, hemolysis, and hypotonicity of erythrocytes. As a potent anti-inflammatory drug, it can be used to treat a variety of ailments, such as cancer, neurological conditions, aging and inflammation. To develop pomelo fruit as a promising anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent, more work is needed to conduct pre-clinical studies using this fruit in animal models of various diseases.
Advances in Textile Structural Composites II
This Reprint is a professional collection of research articles published in the Special Issue titled "Advances in Textile Structural Composites II". It includes eight articles focused on fibre-reinforced composites and their allied applications. The mechanical analysis of such structures was an integral part of most of the articles. The recycling and reuse of textile waste into value-added composite products was significantly reported. A special focus was placed on the utilization of agro- and bio-based waste materials. Computational methods to anlayze and predict the performance of the products was explained. The use of nanoscale fibers, as well as fillers in polymer composite materials, was explored in nonconventional application areas.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
"Saccharomyces cerevisiae: From Laboratory to Industrial Application" is a comprehensive research-based book tailored for research scholars, biotechnologists, and industrial professionals. It provides an in-depth exploration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, emphasizing its critical role in various industrial sectors, including fermentation technology, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage industries, and enzyme biotechnology. The book highlights the physiological, genetic, and metabolic attributes of this versatile yeast, shedding light on its potential for industrial innovations and biotechnological advancements. By bridging fundamental research with practical applications, this book serves as an essential resource for scientists and industry experts aiming to optimize microbial processes, enhance bioproduct yields, and drive sustainable biotechnological solutions.
Multi Drug Resistance Escherichia coli in diabetes mellitus
Antimicrobial resistance is emerging as an important public health problem in both the hospitals and the community Untreatable infections are being recognized more frequently and, as important bacterial pathogens become increasingly resistant, the lack of new or alternative antimicrobial agents makes serious outbreaks a possibility Multi drug resistance were observed in 90% of the isolated. All Gram-negative bacteria were showed sensitive to colistin and meropenem.
Creation of Ion-Selective Electrodes for Rapid Drug Detection
Today, due to the rapid development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry in the world and the growth of all branches of pharmaceutical production, the need for accurate and simple methods for the analysis of drug potency is increasing year by year. Therefore, special attention is paid to the development of rapid, simple and economically viable methods suitable for screening drug compounds. Ion-selective electrodes with plasticized membranes are a solution to this problem. Such electrodes are easy to manufacture, easy to manufacture and have a wide concentration range of the device. Therefore, it is important to develop a new generation of electroactive materials and develop selective electrodes that provide the development of drugs based on them. Currently, the world is actively developing high-performance electrode materials for ion-selective electrodes. The characteristics of ionselective electrodes are: high sensitivity in the flow and dependence on the composition of electroactive materials. Therefore, the production of ion-selective electrodes is an important task, which is to achieve the optimal composition and ratio of electroactive materials components in the output.
Advancements in Prosthodontics
This Special Issue compiles a distinguished collection of peer-reviewed contributions advancing the field of prosthodontics, with a particular focus on translational innovations in oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation. Encompassing original research, clinical protocols, and comprehensive reviews, the articles investigate the mechanical, biological, and digital dimensions of modern prosthetic dentistry. Topics include finite element analyses, novel biomaterials such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium frameworks, AI applications, as well as digital workflows in implant and removable prosthodontics. The assembled works offer a rigorous examination of both in vitro performance and clinical implementation, providing a forward-looking perspective on minimally invasive, functional, and esthetic rehabilitation. This reprint serves as a reference point for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers dedicated to elevating the standards of prosthetic care through scientific excellence and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Plant Fungal Diseases and Crop Protection
Fungi are the largest group of plant pathogens, infecting hosts through leaves, seeds, and the soil. These pathogens inflict significant damage on crops through various methods of attack, leading to reduced global production and an ongoing need for new control strategies. The comprehensive approach to managing these crop diseases relies on a deep understanding of the fungi involved, the susceptible growth phases, and the environmental conditions that influence disease development. Public concerns about using synthetic chemicals and the emergence of fungicide-resistant fungal strains have led to a pressing need to explore alternative, environmentally friendly methods.This collection highlights recent innovations and scientific advancements in the study of plant-pathogenic fungi, with a particular focus on their impact on modern agriculture. It also considers the role of non-pathogenic microorganisms that coexist with plants, as these organisms may modulate the onset and severity of disease in complex ways. By deepening our understanding of fungal interactions within the plant microbiome, this research collection offers not only practical solutions for disease control but also a foundation for future scientific exploration.
Anaesthesia and Pain Management in Large Animals
This reprint showcases recent advances in understanding concepts related to anaesthesia and analgesia in large, or production animal species. The scope of this reprint was originally broad with invitations to submit manuscripts related to both anaesthesia and analgesia in a range of species that are usually bred for food, but who may exist in a production context (small, large, intensive or extensive), in biomedical research, in agricultural research, in zoo collections, or as pets. The result is impressive with original research describing the pharmacokinetics of novel analgesic therapies in donkeys, and three separate manuscripts focused on nociception in chicken embryos. These three articles compartmentalise the criteria for nociception by evaluating the cardiovascular responses to a noxious stimulus from embryonic day 16; describing neuronal responses, assessed with electroencephalography, suggesting that developmental day 13 is the earliest embryonic stage able to receive and process nociceptive stimuli; and recording movement before and after a noxious stimulus from embryonic day 15. The reprint also includes review papers on sheep, goats, pigs and cattle. These review papers highlight the status quo, identifying the pathways to improving pain assessment and treatment of sheep, goats and cattle along with progress in the management of goat kids undergoing disbudding.
The Principles of Biology
The Principles of Biology, Volume 3, by Herbert Spencer, presents a comprehensive exploration of biological concepts as understood in the late 19th century. This volume continues Spencer's ambitious project to synthesize knowledge across various scientific disciplines, applying evolutionary principles to the study of life. Readers will find detailed discussions on topics ranging from the structure and function of organisms to the broader implications of biology for understanding the natural world. Spencer's work is notable for its systematic approach and its attempt to ground biology in a broader philosophical framework. Though some of the specific scientific theories presented reflect the state of knowledge at the time of its publication, the book remains valuable for its historical insights into the development of biological thought and its enduring influence on the field.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Principles of Biology
The Principles of Biology, Volume 3, by Herbert Spencer, presents a comprehensive exploration of biological concepts as understood in the late 19th century. This volume continues Spencer's ambitious project to synthesize knowledge across various scientific disciplines, applying evolutionary principles to the study of life. Readers will find detailed discussions on topics ranging from the structure and function of organisms to the broader implications of biology for understanding the natural world. Spencer's work is notable for its systematic approach and its attempt to ground biology in a broader philosophical framework. Though some of the specific scientific theories presented reflect the state of knowledge at the time of its publication, the book remains valuable for its historical insights into the development of biological thought and its enduring influence on the field.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Biochemical Journal
Explore the groundbreaking research presented in Volume 5 of the "Biochemical Journal," a vital resource for scientists and researchers. Published in 1911 by the Biochemical Society (Great Britain) and the Johnston Laboratories Bio-chemical Dept, this historical record provides insights into the state of biochemical knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. This volume offers a detailed look at early biochemical investigations, documenting methodologies and findings that shaped the development of modern biochemistry. It is an invaluable addition to the libraries of institutions and individuals interested in the history of science, biochemistry, and related fields.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Molecular Genetics, Structures, Mechanisms, and Functions
Covers generic engineering, dealing with the concept of genes, their relationship with chromosomes, and their functional manifestation. Covers Mendel's Laws of Inheritance, genome diversity and evolution genetic protein synthesis, recombination and evolution of DNA, transposable elements in genetics, chromosomal aberrations, and more.
Network Pharmacology of Natural Products
Drug development strategies assumed that a single-target mechanism of action is the best approach for obtaining target-specific therapeutics. This model aims to treat specific conditions and is associated with fewer adverse events. However, many drugs and natural compounds interact with multiple receptors, resulting in polyvalent pharmacological and pleiotropic therapeutic activities through multitarget interactions. This development, in turn, has shifted the paradigm from a "one-target, one-drug" mode to a "network-target, multiple-component therapeutics" mode.Developing techniques for monitoring the expression of genes, proteins, and metabolites in their entirety in cells, tissues, and organs formed the basis for the new field of systems biology. The essence of network pharmacology is to evaluate how a study drug interacts with therapeutic targets, their associated signaling pathways involved in biological and physiological processes, and the functions linked to diseases, ultimately aiming to achieve a beneficial therapeutic effect.Network pharmacology, a relatively new discipline, has emerged recently and is rapidly developing. In 2024 alone, approximately 9000 publications on network pharmacology from around the world were cited and indexed in the PubMed database.
Antimicrobial Peptides
In the recent past, due to their unique properties, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) received great attention as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. AMPs are naturally occurring integral components of the host defense system and are functional throughout all orders of life, ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. AMPs are potent molecules with a broad spectrum of biological activities against infectious or pathogenic agents, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites.This Reprint covers details regarding AMPs, including the following: screening, purification, and characterization of novel AMPs; genome mining and comparative analysis of AMP-producing biosynthetic gene clusters; cloning and heterologous expression of novel AMPs; structural characterization and designing of new AMPs with potential therapeutic activities; strategies for understand the mechanisms of AMPs; standardization of AMPs' biological activities against various pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, as well as chronic diseases like cancer and cystic fibrosis; immunomodulatory properties of AMPs and potential therapeutic applications; role of AMPs in human diseases; combination therapies of AMPs with conventional antibiotics; comparative genomics and evolutionary studies of AMPs; evolution and resistance development against AMPs; and artificial intelligence and development of novel AMPs.
Molecular Genetics, Structures, Mechanisms, and Functions
Overviews future of genetic engineering and the role of biotechnology and its applications in genetic engineering. Discusses tools of recombinant technology, mutagenesis, construction, and sequencing of DNA libraries, applications of genetic engineering for improving health, preventing genetic diseases, enhancing food resources, and more.
