Vividness, Consciousness, and Mental Imagery
Today in many studies, mental images are still either treated as conscious by definition, or as empirical operations implicit to completing some type of task, such as the measurement of reaction time in mental rotation, an underlying mental image is assumed, but there is no direct determination of whether it is conscious or not. The vividness of mental images is a potentially helpful construct which may be suitable, as it may correspond to consciousness or aspects of the consciousness of images. In this context, a complicating factor seems to be the surprising variety in what is meant by the term vividness or how it is used or theorized. To fill some of the gaps, the goal of the present Special Issue is to create a publication outlet where authors can fully explore through sound research the missing theoretical and empirical links between vividness, consciousness and mental imagery across disciplines, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, cognitive science, to mention the most obvious ones, as well as transdisciplinary methodological (single, combined, or multiple) approaches.
Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production
This book contains the scientific contributions published within the Animals topical collection "Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production". Originally a Special Issue, it has turned into a permanent collection, with its first article being published in July 2019 and more than 30 published articles a year later: evidence of the great interest from the scientific community regarding the topics addressed. The articles, which are grouped by species (poultry, ruminants, pigs, etc.) and by topic, deal with a wide range of arguments that, first of all, highlight the extraordinary complexity and diversity that exists in the animal production sector, and then, the great influence that nutrition and feeding can have in terms of optimizing the use of environmental resources and improving the welfare of farmed animals. In addition, all this is closely connected with the urgent need to safeguard the resources of the planet on which we live.
Statistical Inference from High Dimensional Data
- Real-world problems can be high-dimensional, complex, and noisy - More data does not imply more information - Different approaches deal with the so-called curse of dimensionality to reduce irrelevant information - A process with multidimensional information is not necessarily easy to interpret nor process - In some real-world applications, the number of elements of a class is clearly lower than the other. The models tend to assume that the importance of the analysis belongs to the majority class and this is not usually the truth - The analysis of complex diseases such as cancer are focused on more-than-one dimensional omic data - The increasing amount of data thanks to the reduction of cost of the high-throughput experiments opens up a new era for integrative data-driven approaches - Entropy-based approaches are of interest to reduce the dimensionality of high-dimensional data
Trafficking of Cardiac Ion Channels
Protein sorting and trafficking are regulated by well-conserved mechanisms. These allow a distinctive set of resident proteins to be present in the correct subcellular organelle, which is required for proper cell functioning. Voltage-gated ion channels, as responsible for cardiomyocyte action potential, must be properly localized. They participate in cell excitability and electrical coupling, ensuring uninterrupted and rhythmic heart beating. Ion channel complexes comprise one or more pore-forming α subunits, associated β subunits, and additional proteins. Channel localization and function are regulated by the β subunits and associated proteins, such as cytoskeletal elements, cell-adhesion molecules, and adaptors. These influence protein targeting, anchoring, and retention in specific surface domains along the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma, such as intercalated discs, T-tubules, or the lateral membrane. Alterations in ion channel trafficking are the cause of channelopathies associated with inherited arrhythmias leading to sudden death. An outstanding question is how these molecular alterations lead to disease. In this volume, scientists share their vision to understand how cardiac ion channel trafficking is regulated and how it may become altered, leading to channelopathies that often turn into deadly arrhythmias. Data generated can be translated to a clinical context, hopefully turning into approaches to help prevention and treatment, which is of utmost importance, both medically and socially.
Micro- and Macro-Environmental Factors in Solid Cancers
Although cancer development and progression depend on stochastic mutational events, the tumor has to be seen in the context of the host environment, and unraveling the environmental factors that support solid tumors is at the root of cancer prevention and cure. This Special Issue, focused on the dynamic crosstalk that occurs between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment and also including the cancer cells that represent a reservoir of self-sustaining cells for tumor maintenance, adds new knowledge about tumor-host interactions that is useful for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Physical Activity in the Elderly and Orthopaedic Surgery
Old age is increasingly becoming the focus of research and development in Europe. Concerning orthopaedics and sports medicine, the elderly especially are considered as frail patients who need support to maintain the health of their musculoskeletal systems. For this reason, several interventions regarding physical activity have been investigated in recent years in order to understand whether some programs of physical activity are better than others as conservative treatments for degenerative musculoskeletal pathologies (i.e., osteoarthritis, rotator cuff arthropathy, and lower back pain). Furthermore, several investigations have been carried out to understand the best preoperative and postoperative protocols of physical activity to improve the results of orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect the updated evidence concerning these topics in the form of a collection of systematic reviews of the literature.
Benson’s Microbiological Applications Laboratory Manual
Benson's Microbiological Applications-Concise has been the "gold standard" of microbiology laboratory manuals for over 35 years. This manual has a number of attractive features that resulted in its adoption in universities, colleges, and community colleges.
Calcium Signalling in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most well-known neurodegenerative disorder, causing dementia. In recent decades, several studies have reported calcium dysregulation in AD occurring through the intervention of several calcium receptors and channels, and affecting different cellular compartments, such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and microdomains within the plasma membrane. Calcium signalling dysregulation is now considered a common proximal cause of dysfunctional neurons and glial supporting cells. This book gathers the newest results and advances in calcium signaling deregulation mechanisms in AD, how they are linked to other players involved in AD, and the potential therapies targeting calcium alterations to treat AD.
Biology Made Easy
Special Launch PriceThis book includes over 300 illustrations to help you visualize what is necessary to understand biology at its core. Each chapter goes into depth on key topics to further your understanding of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Take a look at the table of contents: Chapter 1: What is Biology?Chapter 2: The Study of EvolutionChapter 3: What is Cell Biology?Chapter 4: Genetics and Our Genetic BlueprintsChapter 5: Getting Down with AtomsChapter 6: How Chemical Bonds Combine AtomsChapter 7: Water, Solutions, and MixturesChapter 8: Which Elements Are in Cells?Chapter 9: Macromolecules Are the "Big" Molecules in Living ThingsChapter 10: Thermodynamics in Living ThingsChapter 11: ATP as "Fuel"Chapter 12: Metabolism and Enzymes in the CellChapter 13: The Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsChapter 14: The Structure of a Eukaryotic CellChapter 15: The Plasma Membrane: The Gatekeeper of the CellChapter 16: Diffusion and OsmosisChapter 17: Passive and Active TransportChapter 18: Bulk Transport of Molecules Across a MembraneChapter 19: Cell SignalingChapter 20: Oxidation and ReductionChapter 21: Steps of Cellular RespirationChapter 22: Introduction to PhotosynthesisChapter 23: Light-Dependent ReactionsChapter 24: Calvin CycleChapter 25: CytoskeletonChapter 26: How Cells MoveChapter 27: Cellular DigestionChapter 28: What is Genetic Material?Chapter 29: The Replication of DNAChapter 30: What is Cell Reproduction?Chapter 31: The Cell Cycle and MitosisChapter 32: MeiosisChapter 33: Cell CommunitiesChapter 34: Central DogmaChapter 35: Genes Make Proteins Through This ProcessChapter 36: DNA Repair and RecombinationChapter 37: Gene RegulationChapter 38: Genetic Engineering of PlantsChapter 39: Using Genetic Engineering in Animals and HumansChapter 40: What is Gene Therapy?Discover a better way to learn through illustrations. Get Your Copy Today!
Bioinorganic Chemistry
The book includes several topics as per Universities curriculum of M.Sc. and M.Phil. course work in Chemistry. This covers different Physiological aspects of Bioinorganic Chemistry in terms of 4 Chapters with in-depth and up-to-date coverage. The book symmetrically presents (i) Coordination chemistry of chlorophylls/bacteriochlophylls and its functional aspects in photosynthesis, (ii) Complexes containing nitric oxide: Synthesis, reactivity, structure, bonding, and therapeutic aspects of nitric oxide releasing molecules (NORMS) in human beings and plants, (iv) Complexes containing carbon monoxide: Synthesis, reactivity, structure, bonding, and therapeutic aspects of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMS) in human beings and plants, and (iv) Advantageous role of gaseous signaling molecule, H2S: Hydrogen sulphide and their respective donors, in ophthalmic diseases and physiological implications in plants. At the end, three relevant topics are included as appendices for updating students and faculty members.
Epigenetics, Environment, and Genes
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Epigenetics is the study of DNA and chromatin modifications that play an important role in the regulation of various genomic functions. This important book reviews human and cellular data that underline paradoxical findings with respect to the contribution of heredity and environment to phenotype, followed by a reinterpretation of these experiments that incorporate epigenetic factors.
Key Technologies in Polymer Chemistry
With contributions from experts from both the industry and academia, this book presents the latest developments in polymer products and chemical processes. It incorporates appropriate case studies, explanatory notes, and schematics for more clarity and better understanding.This new book: - Features a collection of articles that highlight some important areas of current interest in polymer products and chemical processes- Gives an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of polymer chemistry- Familiarizes readers with new aspects of the techniques used in the examination of polymers, including chemical, physicochemical, and purely physical methods of examination- Describes the types of techniques now available to the polymer chemist and technician, and discusses their capabilities, limitations, and applications- Provides a balance between materials science and mechanics aspects, basic and applied research, and high-technology and high-volume (low-cost) composite development
Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery
This forward-looking book focuses on the recent advances in nanomedicine and drug delivery. It outlines the extraordinary new tools that have become available in nanomedicine and presents an integrated set of perspectives that describe where we are now and where we should be headed to put nanomedicine devices into applications as quickly as possible, while also considering the possible dangers of nanomedicine. The book considers the full range of nanomedicinal applications that employ molecular nanotechnology inside the human body, from the perspective of a future practitioner in an era of widely available nanomedicine. Written by some of the most innnovative minds in medicine and engineering, this unique volume will help professionals understand cutting-edge and futuristic areas of research that can have tremendous payoff in terms of improving human health. Readers will find insightful discussions of nanostructured intelligent materials and devices that are considered technically feasible and which have a high potential to produce advances in medicine in the near future.Topics include: Health benefits of phytochemicals and the application of colloidal delivery systemsStudy of non-covalent attachment of recombinant targeting proteins to polymer-modified Adenoviral gene delivery vectorsThe role of nanoparticles as adjuvants for mucosal vaccine deliveryPoly(amido-amine)s as delivery styems for biologically active substancesAntimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticlesNanomedicine in the use of cancer treatmentDendrimers, capsules based on lipid vesicles for drug deliveryMany other recent achievements
Epigenetics and Pathology
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.This important book explores recent research by experts in the field pertaining to the role played by genetic factors in human pathology. A range of perspectives creates a well-rounded picture, including: host-pathogen interactions causal relationships between genes and the environment the effects of environmental chemicals on gene expression DNA methylation The book also covers the analysis and provides models for understanding the epigenetics-pathology connection.This book is designed for use by senior undergraduate and graduate students from several disciplines such as general, molecular, cellular biology, genetics, genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics. It will also serve as a reference book for existing researchers and new investigators entering this rather unexplored field.
Molecular Biology
This volume provides a comprehensive description of the basic tenets of molecular biology, from mechanisms to its elaborate role in gene regulation. The initial sections cover the history of genetics and molecular biology. The book then goes on to highlight the significance of molecular approaches for all biological processes in both simple and complex cells.The volume incorporates the most recent research from this ever-evolving field. The authors have described experimental approaches wherever necessary to present evidence that has led to the development of important concepts and significant advances in molecular biology.
Biofilm Control and Antimicrobial Agents
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.This new book highlights some of the exciting research that has recently been done in the important and far-ranging field of biofilms and microbial agents. It discusses antimicrobial agents in relation to biofilm control and resistance. The book also introduces biofilm formation and mitigation strategies. It helps explores long-term solutions to the challenges imposed by biofilms.
Sustainable Biological Systems for Agriculture
Sustainable Biological Systems for Agriculture: Emerging Issues in Nanotechnology, Biofertilizers, Wastewater, and Farm Machines explores and introduces the use of nanotechnology, biofertilizers, and design of farm machines in agriculture. The contributions are from India, Africa and the USA; the chapters emphasize sustainable solutions for the enhancement of agriculture processes. The volume provides a wealth of information on new and emerging issues in this interdisciplinary field. The book is divided into several sections: Potential Applications of Nanotechnology in Biological Systems Emerging Issues, Challenges and Specific Examples of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Biological Systems Potential of Nano- and Bio- fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture Emerging Focus Areas in Biological Systems Performance of Farm Machines for Sustainable Agriculture The information provided here will be valuable to government agricultural professionals, scientists, researchers, farmers, and faculty and students all over the world.
Photosynthesis
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.In order to function and survive, plants produce a wide array of chemical compounds not found in other organisms. Photosynthesis requires a large array of pigments, enzymes, and other compounds to function, and these chemicals have multiple practical uses in the human world as well, with applications to agriculture, forestry, and horticulture. This book presents an important collection of research and studies on the physiology of photosynthesis.
Advances in Nanotechnology and the Environmental Sciences
Showcasing a selection of new research on nanotechnological applications for environmental protection along with new advanced technologies in nanochemistry, this volume presents an interdisciplinary approach that brings together materials science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Part I of the volume looks at environmental topics that include an exploration of the challenges of the global water crisis and new technology in nanofiltration and water purification. It provides an informative overview of green nanotechnology, green nanomaterials, and green chemistry. Some of the advanced technologies discussed in Part II include the application of quantum dots, a nanochemical approach to using ICT technology, and new research on polymer nanocomposites as a smart material along with its synthesis, preparation, and properties. Other important topics are included as well.
The Role of Bioinformatics in Agriculture
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Advances in information technology and next generation sequencing have propelled the use of bioinformatics in agriculture, especially in the area of crop improvement. An extremely large amount of genomics data is available from plants and animals due to tremendous improvements in the field. This book acquaints readers with state-of-the-art sequencing technologies, recent developments in computing algorithms, and certain biological perspectives that influence development of bioinformatics tools by giving specific examples from model plant species. The challenge is now to make sense and use of this wealth of data.
Specific Gene Expression and Epigenetics
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.This new volume on gene expression and epigenetics discusses environmental effects related to specific gene expression. The book also shows methods for bioinformatic analysis of the epigenome. The book is broken into two sections: the first looks at eukaryotic DNA methylation and the second addresses how to integrate genomic medicine into clinical practice.The book includes chapters on these topics: - Gene expression in colon cancer tissue- Epigenetics in human acute kidney injury- Embryologically relevant candidate genes in MRKH patients - DNA methylation in common skeletal disorders - Causal relationships in genomics- Predicting severe asthma exacerbations in children- Epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders
New Generation Formulations of Agrochemicals
This important volume provides new research on the design and application of ecologically safe formulations for protecting cultivated crops against pathogen-causing diseases and weeds-that also provide nitrogen fertilizers at the same time. The authors make a significant contribution to the development and agricultural use of environmentally safe and biodegradable new-generation pesticides with targeted and controlled release of active ingredients. They discuss the problems associated with the use and accumulation of xenobiotics in the biosphere and present highlights of modern trends in the design of new-generation formulations. The authors present their original research results on the properties of herbicides, fungicides, and nitrogen fertilizers deposited in a degradable polymer base and the effectiveness of the use of these formulations in laboratory ecosystems with higher plants infected with fusariosis and weeds. The research provided here provides a new direction for the use of degradable polymers, essential for the creation of ecologically safe agricultural technologies and reducing uncontrolled accumulation and spread of xenobiotics in the biosphere.
Prion Biology
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.This book contains a selection of chapters aimed to provide a better understanding prion structure and biology. Together these chapters provide an overview of prion biology and underscore some of the challenges we face if we want to understand how this lively pathogen propagates and evolves in mammals. There is also mounting evidence that studying prion biology has a wider relevance due to similarities in the processes of protein misfolding and aggregation between prion disorders and other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases.
Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences, Volume One
The aim of this book is to provide both a rigorous view and a more practical, understandable view of industrial chemistry and biochemical physics. This book is geared toward readers with both direct and lateral interest in the discipline. This volume is structured into different parts devoted to industrial chemistry and biochemical physics and their applications. Every section of the book has been expanded, where relevant, to take account of significant new discoveries and realizations of the importance of key concepts. Furthermore, emphases are placed on the underlying fundamentals and on acquisition of a broad and comprehensive grasp of the field as a whole.With contributions from experts from both the industry and academia, this book presents the latest developments in the identified areas. This book incorporates appropriate case studies, explanatory notes, and schematics for more clarity and better understanding.This new book: - Highlights some important areas of current interest in biochemical physics and chemical processes- Focuses on topics with more advanced methods- Emphasizes precise mathematical development and actual experimental details- Analyzes theories to formulate and prove the physicochemical principles- Provides an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of complex materialsTopics include: - Photoelectrochemical properties of films of extra-coordinated tetrapyrrole compounds and their relationship with the quantum chemical parameters of the molecules- Bio-structural energy criteria of functional states in normal and pathological conditions- The ozone resistance of covulcanizates butadiene-nitrile rubbers with chlorinated ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers- Ways of regulation of release of medicinal substances from chitosan films- Environmental durability of powder polyester paint coatings- Ozone decomposition- Design and synthesis of its derivative with enhanced potential to scavenge hypochlorite radical scavenging capacity of n-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-L-cysteine- Bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) as a biodegradable polymer for biomedicine- Designing, analysis, and industrial use of the dynamic spray scrubber- Magnetic properties of organic paramagnet- The effect of antioxidant drug mexidol on bioenergetic processes and nitric oxide formation in the animal tissues
Trends in Biophysics
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This book covers a wide scope of biological approaches to such biological phenomena as cell division, motility, collective cell behavior, multicellular structures, morphogenesis, and tumor development. Over the past two decades, biologists have generated large sets of experimental data and discovered a lot of facts that need explanation. This biological boom attracts physicists who believe they can help to develop a theoretical framework in biology and explain complete biological phenomena using basic principles. This is the first book to present recent advances in biophysical studies of the different aspects of cell life. This book presents recent advances in biophysical studies of living cells and gives the impression that a combination of quantitative live cell observations, detailed biochemical and biophysical data, and mathematical modeling are capable to answer many important biological questions and to achieve a more complete understanding of such complex phenomena.
Physical Chemistry Research for Engineering and Applied Sciences, Volume Two
This book presents some fascinating phenomena associated with the remarkable features of high performance polymers and also provides an update on applications of modern polymers. It offers new research on structure-property relationships, synthesis, and purification, and potential applications of high performance polymers. The collection of topics in this book reflects the diversity of recent advances in modern polymers with a broad perspective that will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers. The book helps to fill the gap between theory and practice. It explains the major concepts of new advances in high performance polymers and their applications in a friendly, easy-to-understand manner. The book opens with a presentation of classical models, moving on to increasingly more complex quantum mechanical and dynamical theories. Coverage and examples are drawn from modern polymers.
Essential Biology
This book covers the fundamentals of biology. It is primarily aimed at students completing school biology courses or about to start a biology degree course. It summarises the biology that ought to be seen as essential at those stages and corrects the most common misinterpretations that tend to occur. The fact that all aspects of biology are interlinked is highlighted. The book also emphasises that biology is not just about humans, or vertebrates, but that an appreciation of the vast diversity of life is important to a proper understanding of the subject.
Advances in Multiple Sclerosis Research-Series I
Designing immunotherapeutics, drugs, and anti-inflammatory reagents has been at the forefront of autoimmune research, in particular multiple sclerosis, for over 20 years. Delivery methods that are used to modulate effective and long-lasting immune responses have been the major focus. This Special Issue focused on delivery methods to be used for vaccines, immunotherapeutic approaches, drug design, and anti-inflammatories and their outcomes in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Stone Age Present
From Simon & Schuster, The Stone Age Present explores how evolution has shaped modern life--from sex, violence, and language to emotions, morals, and communities. In this fascinating synthesis of the disciplines of anthropology, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and biology, William Allman shows us how our minds have evolved in response to challenges faced by our prehistoric ancestors, and reveals how our brains continue to harbor that legacy in the present day.
The Lives to Come
From Simon & Schuster, The Lives to Come is Philip Kitcher's exploration of the genetic revolution and human possibilities. In this book, Kitcher offers a framework for thinking about the moral, social, and political questions raised by the Human Genome Project. They reveal ways in which new biomedical tools can improve the quality of human lives.
General Freshwater-Crustacean Practice
This book has been produced with a great deal of ecological correctness and presents both: Native and imported species of crayfish and other decapods. It deals with keeping and breeding the species currently available in the zoo- and delikatessen-trade in aquaria and garden ponds, as well as the associated environmental problems. This book is aimed at nature and environmental enthusiasts, as well as aquarium and garden pond owners, who would like to take a closer look at decapod crustaceans. The book reflects the author's many years of experience with keeping and breeding various crustaceans. In addition, horseshoe crabs, as well as terrestrial and brackish water crustaceans are also presented. This also includes terrestrial hermits and the so-called cockroach-crabs of the genus Aegla.
Dancing Matrix
Even as humanity reels beneath the assault of AIDS, epidemiologists are gearing themselves up for the plague's successor. It might be dengue fever, whose carrier, the Asian tiger mosquito, has recently appeared in the United States, or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which has been transmitted by contaminated human growth hormone. The next pandemic might be caused by any of a dozen viruses that were once confined to other species or territories but now place human beings at risk as we increasingly cross their boundaries. Updated to include the latest research and developments, this fascinating and sometimes unsetting book sums up all that we currently know about viruses: what they are, how they spread, and how scientists are trying to outwit them. Interweaving theory and real-life medical drama, A Dancing Matrix is science reportage at its most suspenseful and informative.
The Conquest of Tuberculosis
The Conquest of Tuberculosis chronicles the long and arduous battle against one of humanity's most devastating diseases. Tuberculosis, often called the "great white plague," has plagued humankind for millennia, recognized in ancient civilizations and documented in Biblical texts. Known for its destructive impact on various organs and its high mortality rates, tuberculosis earned infamy as the number-one killer throughout history. This book delves into the historical understanding of the disease, its varied nomenclature, and its profound socioeconomic effects, especially as it afflicted not only humans but also their livestock and other domestic animals. The narrative transitions from the historical recognition of tuberculosis to the revolutionary scientific advancements that have shaped modern treatments. Central to this transformation was the development of antibiotics, particularly streptomycin, discovered by the author and his team in 1943. This breakthrough, followed by successful experimental applications, marked the beginning of a new era in combating tuberculosis. Combining historical context with personal anecdotes and scientific exploration, the book captures the journey from ancient misconceptions to modern medical triumphs, offering an inspiring testament to human ingenuity and resilience in the face of a relentless disease. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1964.
WP3 - Innovation in Agriculture and Forestry Sector for Energetic Sustainability
The papers published in this Special Issue "WP3-Innovation in Agriculture and Forestry Sector for Energetic Sustainability" bring together some of the latest research results in the field of biomass valorization and the process of energy production and climate change and other areas relevant to energetic sustainability [1-20]. Moreover, several works address the very important topic of evaluating the safety aspects for energy plant use [21-24]. Responses to our call generated the following statistics: - Submissions (21);- Publications (15);- Rejections (6);- Article types: research articles (13), reviews (2). Of the submitted papers, 15 have been successfully published as articles. Reviewing and selecting the papers for this Special Issue was very inspiring and rewarding. We also thank the editorial staff and reviewers for their efforts and help during the process. For better comprehension, the contributions to this Special Issue are divided into sections, as follows.
Genomics
This title covers topical and unexplored issues relating to the commercial outcome of the genetic revolution which will be of great interest to both academia and industry. The book discusses whether the availability of genome sequence information will yie
Born That Way
Taking the nature vs. nurture debate to a new level, this fascinating, comprehensive journey into the world of genetic research and molecular biology offers a fresh assessment of the work that has been done in this relatively new field during the last half century-work that has demolished common assumptions and overturned existing theories about what determines our personality and behavior.
Selected Papers from the 9th Greek Conference of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise
This book contains selected papers from the 9th annual conference of the Hellenic Society of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise (2019). Exercise biochemistry and exercise physiology are two closely related sport sciences that examine how muscle activity alters the way our bodies (and those of other animals) function at the levels of molecules, cells, organs, and whole body. Included in the book is original research on biochemical and physiological adaptations of children, adolescents, and adults to exercise training; on the use of biochemical and physiological tests to assess sport performance; and on how exercise can fight disease.
Applications of Information Theory to Epidemiology
- Applications of Information Theory to Epidemiology collects recent research findings on the analysis of diagnostic information and epidemic dynamics. - The collection includes an outstanding new review article by William Benish, providing both a historical overview and new insights. - In research articles, disease diagnosis and disease dynamics are viewed from both clinical medicine and plant pathology perspectives. Both theory and applications are discussed. - New theory is presented, particularly in the area of diagnostic decision-making taking account of predictive values, via developments of the predictive receiver operating characteristic curve. - New applications of information theory to the analysis of observational studies of disease dynamics in both human and plant populations are presented.
Animal Anomalies
Among the offspring of humans and other animals are occasional individuals that are malformed in whole or in part. The most grossly abnormal of these have been referred to from ancient times as monsters, because their birth was thought to foretell doom; the less severely affected are usually known as anomalies. This volume digs deeply into the cellular and molecular processes of embryonic development that go awry in such exceptional situations. It focuses on the physical mechanisms of how genes instruct cells to build anatomy, as well as the underlying forces of evolution that shaped these mechanisms over eons of geologic time. The narrative is framed in a historical perspective that should help students trying to make sense of these complex subjects. Each chapter is written in the style of a Sherlock Holmes story, starting with the clues and ending with a solution to the mystery.
Animal Anomalies
Among the offspring of humans and other animals are occasional individuals that are malformed in whole or in part. The most grossly abnormal of these have been referred to from ancient times as monsters, because their birth was thought to foretell doom; the less severely affected are usually known as anomalies. This volume digs deeply into the cellular and molecular processes of embryonic development that go awry in such exceptional situations. It focuses on the physical mechanisms of how genes instruct cells to build anatomy, as well as the underlying forces of evolution that shaped these mechanisms over eons of geologic time. The narrative is framed in a historical perspective that should help students trying to make sense of these complex subjects. Each chapter is written in the style of a Sherlock Holmes story, starting with the clues and ending with a solution to the mystery.
Bioimage Data Analysis Workflows ‒ Advanced Components and Methods
This open access textbook aims at providing detailed explanations on how to design and construct image analysis workflows to successfully conduct bioimage analysis. Addressing the main challenges in image data analysis, where acquisition by powerful imaging devices results in very large amounts of collected image data, the book discusses techniques relying on batch and GPU programming, as well as on powerful deep learning-based algorithms. In addition, downstream data processing techniques are introduced, such as Python libraries for data organization, plotting, and visualizations. Finally, by studying the way individual unique ideas are implemented in the workflows, readers are carefully guided through how the parameters driving biological systems are revealed by analyzing image data. These studies include segmentation of plant tissue epidermis, analysis of the spatial pattern of the eye development in fruit flies, and the analysis of collective cell migration dynamics. The presented content extends the Bioimage Data Analysis Workflows textbook (Miura, Sladoje, 2020), published in this same series, with new contributions and advanced material, while preserving the well-appreciated pedagogical approach adopted and promoted during the training schools for bioimage analysis organized within NEUBIAS - the Network of European Bioimage Analysts. This textbook is intended for advanced students in various fields of the life sciences and biomedicine, as well as staff scientists and faculty members who conduct regular quantitative analyses of microscopy images.
Molecular Basis of Inherited Diseases in Companion Animals
This book includes a collection of publications describing the molecular etiology of inherited diseases and conditions in companion animals (dogs and cats). In addition to contributing to the health of companion animals, this research also benefits humans that have similar types of diseases.
Fate of Free, ”Masked” and Conjugated/Modified forms of Mycotoxins
International trade is highly affected by mycotoxin contaminations, which result in an annual 5% to 10% loss of global crop production. In the last decade, the mycotoxin scenario has been complicated by the progressive understanding-alongside emerging mycotoxins-of the parallel presence of modified (masked and conjugated) forms, in addition to the previously free known ones. The present Toxins Special Issue presents original research papers and reviews that deal with the fates of all these forms of mycotoxins with respect to aspects that cover traditional and industrial food processing, yearly grain campaign peculiar conditions and management, novel analytical solutions, consumer exposure, and biomarker-assessment directions. It gives a taste of an exciting scientific field that has several implications for our daily life because (i) it covers our diet practically and from every point of view, (ii) it intersects with our culinary uses and customs, but also industrial production processes, and (iii) it involves a careful evaluation of costs and benefits and a constant and continuous improvement of mycotoxin mitigation strategies.
Molecular Approaches to Supracellular Phenomena
This volume focuses on a group of diverse developmental processes that have resisted incisive analysis when conventional genetic and biochemical methodologies were employed. Relatively little is known at the molecular level about these processes, but the contributors have taken a firm stand by either presenting hypotheses or suggesting new ways to approach research problems in their fields. The authors describe new models and hypotheses for such complex questions as: Embryos are biological clocks, but how do they keep time? Oncogenes cause many tumors, even though they are, or are related to, normal components of genomes. What is their normal function? Morphogenesis is the acquisition or form by embryos, and it is under strict genetic control. Nevertheless, no gene product yet identified plays a direct role in these cellular movements. Why has it not been found? Molecular Approaches to Supracellular Phenomena will Interest students, scholars, and researchers in developmental biology.
The Beginnings of Plant Hybridization
A review of speculation on plant hybridization from classical times up to the early eighteenth century, reprinting the work of twenty-nine plant hybridizers who preceded Koelreuter.
Refinements to Animal Models for Biomedical Research
There is some talk about an antibiotic Armageddon, wherein untreatable post-operative infections and similarly untreatable complications after chemotherapy will occur. The now famous "O'Neill Report" suggests that, by 2050, more people could die from resistant bacterial infections than from cancer. We are still learning about all the subtle drivers of antibiotic resistance, realizing that we need a single "whole health" coordinated policy. We ingest what we sometimes feed to animals, yet there does not seem to be any new classes of antibiotics on the horizon. Maybe there is something that has been around forever that could could to our rescue: bacteriophages. Nevertheless, we have to do things differently. We must use antibiotics appropriately and for the correct indication, duration, and dosage with good practice and stewardship.. While by no means comprehensive, this book covers many topics regarding antibiotic stewardship. It also addresses older antibiotics, new combinations, and even new agents. Last but not least, this book features two excellent articles on bacteriophages. Refinements to animal models used in research for either human or animal benefit must be an ongoing aim for anyone working in this context, whether it be as an animal carrier, an animal user, a veterinarian, or an official. Unfortunately, the details of refinements are often overlooked in publications describing the research outcomes. This book includes manuscripts published in the Animals Special Issue "Refinements to Animal Models for Biomedical Research". In this contemporary resource, we included 12 peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of approaches to the concept of refinement.
The Never-Ending Story of Life
For humankind, the most irreducible idea is the concept of life itself. In order to understand that life is essentially an infinite process, transmitted from generation to generation, this book takes the reader on a fascinating journey that unravels one of our greatest mysteries. It begins with the premise that life is a fact-that it is everywhere; that it takes infinite forms; and, most importantly, that it is intrinsically self-perpetuating. Rather than exploring how the first living forms emerged in our universe, the book begins with our first primordial ancestor cell and tells the story of life-how it began, when that first cell diversified into many other cell types and organisms, and how it has continued until the present day. On this journey, the author covers the fundaments of biology such as cell division, diversity, regeneration, repair and death. The rather fictional epilogue even goes one step further and discusses ways how to literally escape the problem of limited recourse and distribution on our planet by looking at life outside the solar system. This book is designed to explain complex ideas in biology simply, but not simplistically, with a special emphasis on plain and accessible language as well as a wealth of hand-drawn illustrations. Thus, it is suitable not only for students seeking for an introduction into biological concepts and terminology, but for everyone with an interest in the fundamentals of life at the crossroad of evolutionary and cell biology.
