Wild Plant Kingdom From Bangladesh
Bangladesh is a small country with a wide variety of plants. It is said that the total number of documented plants in our country is 4,754. We are aware that plants are divided into three categories: trees, shrubs, and herbs, depending on their traits. Among them, we have economically important crops, fruit trees, timber-trees, rare or endangered plants, as well as flowering plants and seasonal flowers. Many books have been published or are being published on these topics. However, this book is exclusively about wild plants, and the majority of it focuses on herbs. These plants are not few in number, either. We have selected wild plants that grow by the roadside, but whose names you may not know. Some of them are medicinal because, in fact, almost all plants have medicinal properties. However, we have excluded some well-known plants that are specifically cultivated for medicinal purposes. This is because including them would increase the volume of the book. We have focused on plants that are largely unknown - those you may have neither seen nor heard of before. There are also a few rare plants included. There are also some subshrubs, shrubs, climbers, and parasites included.
Genetic diversity analysis of Trichoderma isolates
Trichoderma is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae found in all types of soils and is the most common culturable fungus. They occur worldwide and can be easily isolated from soil, plant organic matter, decaying wood etc. It is a well-known aggressive biocontrol agent and has a higher potential for reproduction and colonisation. In this study the genetic diversity among fourteen Trichoderma isolates (TBT- 01 to TBT- 14) was evaluated using ten SSR markers. Rhizospheric soil samples from various locations of Uttar Pradesh were collected and subjected to serial dilution and plating on a Trichoderma Selective Media. The isolates' colonies were pure cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar for DNA isolation and molecular studies. Ten SSR primers (SSR-01, SSR- 06, SSR- 08, SSR- 10, SSR- 11, SSR-13, SSR- 14, SSR- 15, SSR- 18, and SSR- 20) were used for the PCR amplification of the DNA isolated.
Innovation in Nephrology
Innovation in Nephrology: Technology Development and Commercialization Handbook is a step-by-step guide to nephrology technology innovation reflects recent trends of industry globalization and value-conscious healthcare. Written by a team of medical, engineering, and business experts, the authors provide a comprehensive resource that leads clinicians, students, researchers, and entrepreneurs through a clear process for the identification, invention, and implementation of new solutions. Case studies on innovative products from around the world, successes and failures, practical advice, and end-of-chapter 'Getting Started' sections encourage readers to learn from real projects and apply important lessons to their own work. In short, this book will be of interest to every nephrologist who has ever had a good idea for an invention but does not know where and how to start bringing it to the bedside.
Astrocytes in CNS Disorders
Over the past 30 years, astrocytes have emerged from a supporting role to co-starring with neurons and oligodendrocytes as players in CNS disorders. Dysfunction of astrocytes is now implicated in disorders once thought to be solely of neuronal origin, such as epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and depression. It is also implicated in disorders previously ascribed solely to oligodendrocytes, like multiple sclerosis, vanishing white matter disease, and megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts. In some instances, the disease cause is a defect originating in astrocytes. The first and perhaps most definitive example is Alexander disease, in which coding mutations in the GFAP gene can cause massive dysmyelination and perturb multiple neuronal circuits. In other instances, induced disruption of normal astrocyte functions, such as glutamate or potassium transport, exacerbates the disease process. The purpose of this Special Issue is to illustrate the broad-ranging involvement of astrocytes in CNS disorders. Understanding their role in a variety of CNS disorders will be informative both for revealing normal interactions between astrocytes and other CNS cell types, and for identifying therapeutic targets.
Exploring Human Anatomy and Physiology
This book stands as both a guide and a reference for students, educators, and health professionals who wish to deepen their knowledge in a way that feels engaging and interactive. As you progress, you will encounter activities and assessments that reinforce your learning, making it easier to retain and apply key principles in both academic and practical settings. Whether you are a student aspiring to enter a health-related field, an educator looking for enriching resources, or a professional revisiting core concept, this text aims to be a comprehensive tool in your journey of discovery.
More Horrible Biology
An informative and well-illustrated book outlining some of the more horrible aspects of biology. In this book you will read about devastating pests; very nasty parasites; a lizard that squirts blood from its eyes; a centipede that catches bats; a farting beetle; venomous snakes; a microscopic animal that eats your brain, and of very brave people who used themselves to further the knowledge and understanding of diseases. Although over two million different species of living things have been listed, and millions more to be discovered most are harmless to humans, but some are very horrible indeed, and not only cause disease and infections, but can also cause serious economic damage.
Microbe Hunters
Step into the enthralling world of "Microbe Hunters" by Paul de Kruif, a book that not only educates but also entertains. Published in 1926, this non-fiction classic played a pivotal role in popularizing the germ theory of disease, transforming how we think about medicine. De Kruif's engaging style, filled with vivid descriptions and personal anecdotes, makes the scientific journey accessible for both adults and kids. You'll meet trailblazing scientists like Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, who risked it all to unlock the secrets of the microscopic world.The book's historical significance and captivating storytelling make it a must-read for families. It's a perfect blend of history, science, and drama that will ignite curiosity and inspire future scientists, all while offering a fun and educational family reading experience.
Microbe Hunters
Step into the enthralling world of "Microbe Hunters" by Paul de Kruif, a book that not only educates but also entertains. Published in 1926, this non-fiction classic played a pivotal role in popularizing the germ theory of disease, transforming how we think about medicine. De Kruif's engaging style, filled with vivid descriptions and personal anecdotes, makes the scientific journey accessible for both adults and kids. You'll meet trailblazing scientists like Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, who risked it all to unlock the secrets of the microscopic world.The book's historical significance and captivating storytelling make it a must-read for families. It's a perfect blend of history, science, and drama that will ignite curiosity and inspire future scientists, all while offering a fun and educational family reading experience.
DNA repair
This book explores the complex interactions between B vitamins, iron and DNA synthesis, highlighting their crucial role in cellular metabolism. It describes in detail the biochemical functions of vitamins B12, B9, and B3, as well as iron, highlighting their impact on DNA methylation, red blood cell production and porphyrin regulation. The text examines the effects of deficiencies and excesses of these nutrients, such as pernicious anemia, neuropathies and porphyrias. By integrating a bioinorganic perspective, it reveals the underlying chemical mechanisms and molecular interactions. Chapters deal with the synergies between these nutrients, their influence on DNA repair, and modern methods for optimizing their absorption. Finally, the book proposes innovative directions for future research, such as the use of nanotechnology and the development of biosensors for precise nutrient monitoring. This work is aimed at biochemistry professionals, nutrition researchers and those interested in the molecular mechanisms of metabolism.
Exploiting the Rice Germplasm for Health-Promoting and Value-Added Foods
Rice, a staple food for nearly half of the world's population, has long been a focus of agricultural and nutritional research. Rice (Oryza sativa), the first fully sequenced crop, holds the world's largest single-species germplasm collection. This diversity is a valuable resource for improving rice varieties to enhance both human health and sustainability. The same potential exists for the lesser-known rice Oryza glaberrima. However, most people consume rice as milled white grains, which lack many of the nutritional benefits found in whole grain varieties such as brown, red, purple, and black rice. These whole grains are rich in fiber, vitamins, micronutrients, antioxidants, and bioactive phytochemicals, offering numerous health benefits. This Special Issue highlights the importance of whole grain rice, underutilized rice varieties, and by-products from rice processing, while exploring innovative approaches in rice cultivation, processing, and consumption that enhance its health benefits. The featured papers investigate how the full potential of rice can be unlocked, from climate-resilient agricultural techniques to value-added food processing, paving the way for a future where rice not only feeds the world but also improves global health.
Reaction Mechanism and Properties of Cement-Based Materials
Cement is one of the most important building materials and is used to build various infrastructures due to its high strength, durability, and relatively low cost. The microstructure of cement-based materials comprises a cement paste system, stone, porosity, water content, and other components. Among the cement-based materials, the cement paste system, mainly the hydration product of clinker or a reaction precursor, is the most important. The microstructure of reaction products, pores, and the constituent phase and the hardening process of the cement paste system have a crucial influence on the mechanical and physical properties of the resulting materials. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and macroscopic properties of cement-based materials helps in the design of more efficient and stable cementitious materials for construction. Cement-based materials are multi-phase and multi-scale structures, and each component has a different degree of influence on the overall mechanical and physical properties. The Special Issue "Reaction Mechanism and Properties of Cement-Based Materials" includes the current research, application, and development of strengthening, toughening, and durability enhancement components of different scales of cement-based materials, reaction mechanisms, and properties of various cementitious materials, including Portland cement, aluminate cement, sulfate aluminum cement, ferroaluminate cement, and phosphate cement.
Statistical Analysis of Molecular and Genomic Evolution
The field of molecular and genomic evolution has been catalysed by the ever increasing availability of high throughput data such as transcriptome evolution, genotype-phenotype evolution, and genetic robustness. However, there is also an urgent requirement for the emergence of new paradigms (universally accepted scientific frameworks) supported by conceptual breakthroughs, since there is now widespread agreement that genome evolution research should be far more than a static pattern characterized by some well-known arguments and yet more big data for testing or extension. Furthermore, while the internet has made a vast body of literature and data widely accessible, researchers are increasingly facing significant challenges in how to select from this huge reserve appropriately and systematically. Statistical Analysis of Molecular and Genomic Evolution sets out to provide a solution to the most frequently asked question by next-generation young researchers in the area of evolutionary genomics: What is the knowledge that is essential for moving the research forward and where can it be found? Although the book incorporates the latest research foci, it is written at the simplest mathematical level whilst sophisticated enough to provide a deep understanding of current principles and methods. Technical issues are described only briefly, mathematical derivations are kept to a minimum, and it is structured and presented in a way that encourages its use as a graduate textbook. Mindful of the steep learning curve that some biologist readers may face, online appendices review basic mathematical and statistical concepts used in the book, and provide further examples and practical exercises. This is an advanced textbook suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of molecular phylogenetics, evolutionary biology, bioinformatics, mathematics, and statistics.
Feeding Strategies and Nutritional Quality of Animal Products
Feeding strategies play a pivotal role in determining the nutritional composition of animal products. The unique digestive systems of ruminants can efficiently convert fibrous plant material into high-quality protein sources. Monogastric animals necessitate diets that are precisely formulated to meet their nutrient needs. This influences the growth rate, feed efficiency, and nutrient content of their final products. This Special Issue aims to bring together research studies that investigate different feeding strategies, offering insights into optimizing animal diets to improve animal health and production, while enhancing the nutritional value and quality characteristics of animal-derived products. This Special Issue acts as a platform for interdisciplinary studies on animal nutrition, physiology, chemistry, raising technologies, feeding strategies, and product quality. The articles will cover a wide range of topics related to feed quality, as well as the feed's effect on production, animal health, and product quality.
Integrated Aquaculture and Monoculture of Low-Trophic Species
This reprint focuses on new paradigms of aquaculture to make this critical production sector more sustainable. Aquaculture can benefit from rearing low-trophic species and developing integrated multi-spatial, multi-niche, or multi-trophic aquaculture systems. In this reprint, experts share their experiences and insights on various methods to achieve this shift, which promotes a more sustainable, conservative, and restorative production process. Additionally, these approaches align aquaculture development with the circular economy model, helping to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals outlined in Agenda 2030.
Recent Clinical and Basic Research on Endocrine Surgery
Endocrine surgery pertains to surgery for thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal diseases, and the role of surgical treatment is the most important aspect of patients' care. Endocrine surgery is an area where advanced surgical techniques are used, such as the endoscopic and robotic approach, with various minimally invasive techniques. Furthermore, endocrine surgeons are at the forefront of basic research, including cancer genomics and biomedical informatics. In this Special Issue, we want to share up-to-date experiences of clinical care and basic research conducted by endocrine surgeons from around the world.
Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic resistance
This 11-year retrospective study reveals a 13% prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus at Monastir University Hospital, with high resistance to penicillin (96.4%) and methicillin (18.6%). Resistance is increasing for certain antibiotic classes, notably glycopeptides, despite a moderate prevalence of MRSA strains. The results underline the need to reinforce hygiene and optimize antibiotic prescriptions.
Nutrient Metabolism Studies in Companion Animals
The aim of this reprint is to immerse readers in the latest advancements in nutrient metabolism research for the health and well-being of companion animals. From understanding the protective effects of bioactive compounds on cellular health to exploring the various dietary components that enhance growth, immunity, and the balance of the gut microbiota, this collection reveals the potential impact of customized nutrition on companion animals. In this reprint, leading experts share insights into how enhanced diets can support the conditions of the body, strengthen digestive health, and reduce stress, all while adjusting the microbiome to boost overall health. Together, we embark on a journey to expand our knowledge of companion animal nutrition, paving the way toward a future in which our animals live healthier, longer lives alongside their human caretakers. This reprint lays the foundation for strategies that enhace the well-being of companion animals, connecting science and care for a world in which companion animals and humans thrive together.
Protistology
Protistology provides a comprehensive overview on recent developments in understanding the diversity of cell biology, genomic processes, parasite-host interactions, and the evolution of eukaryotes. The book is the first modern treatise on these organisms, walking readers through protistology's diversity and classification. This book is an ideal supplemental text for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in microbial ecology, freshwater and marine biology, soil ecology, environmental sciences, or those looking to initiate a course in protistology.
Basics of Dairy Science
"Basics of Dairy Science" explores the evolution of India's dairy industry and the development of milk processing plants. It details the layout and management of these plants, focusing on milk's composition, nutritive value, and factors affecting its quality. The book examines milk's physico-chemical properties, alongside microbiological deterioration of milk and products.It covers key processes like collection, chilling, storage, standardization, pasteurization, homogenization, and bactofugation, all underpinned by Good Manufacturing Practices and HACCP implementation. It also addresses toxic/pesticide residues in milk products and the rise of organic milk. The book highlights sanitation protocols within milk plants to ensure safety and quality.
Statistical Analysis of Molecular and Genomic Evolution
The field of molecular and genomic evolution has been catalysed by the ever increasing availability of high throughput data such as transcriptome evolution, genotype-phenotype evolution, and genetic robustness. However, there is also an urgent requirement for the emergence of new paradigms (universally accepted scientific frameworks) supported by conceptual breakthroughs, since there is now widespread agreement that genome evolution research should be far more than a static pattern characterized by some well-known arguments and yet more big data for testing or extension. Furthermore, while the internet has made a vast body of literature and data widely accessible, researchers are increasingly facing significant challenges in how to select from this huge reserve appropriately and systematically. Statistical Analysis of Molecular and Genomic Evolution sets out to provide a solution to the most frequently asked question by next-generation young researchers in the area of evolutionary genomics: What is the knowledge that is essential for moving the research forward and where can it be found? Although the book incorporates the latest research foci, it is written at the simplest mathematical level whilst sophisticated enough to provide a deep understanding of current principles and methods. Technical issues are described only briefly, mathematical derivations are kept to a minimum, and it is structured and presented in a way that encourages its use as a graduate textbook. Mindful of the steep learning curve that some biologist readers may face, online appendices review basic mathematical and statistical concepts used in the book, and provide further examples and practical exercises. This is an advanced textbook suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of molecular phylogenetics, evolutionary biology, bioinformatics, mathematics, and statistics.
On The Origin Of Species(Illustrated)
Illustrated Edition, Contains Illustrations, Summary of the Book, Author Biography, Character ListOn the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin is one of the most influential works in the history of science. First published in 1859, this groundbreaking book introduced the theory of natural selection, forever changing our understanding of life on Earth. In this illustrated edition, the text is accompanied by carefully selected images that visually complement the revolutionary ideas explored in Darwin's work.Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is presented with clear and compelling evidence, arguing that species evolve over time through a process of variation, competition, and survival of the fittest. This edition includes a detailed summary to help readers grasp the complex scientific ideas, along with a character list that highlights key individuals and species discussed in the book.Additionally, the book includes a comprehensive biography of Charles Darwin, providing insight into his life, research, and the development of his groundbreaking theories. Whether you're a student of biology or a curious reader, this illustrated edition offers a deeper appreciation of Darwin's monumental contribution to science and its lasting impact on our understanding of life and nature.
The Art of Truffle Farming
Dive into the enchanting world of truffles with The Art of Truffle Farming, a comprehensive guide that unravels the mysteries behind cultivating one of nature's most prized delicacies. Whether you're an aspiring farmer or a seasoned grower looking to refine your techniques, this book provides invaluable insights into every step of the truffle farming journey. From selecting the perfect soil and tree pairings to fostering the delicate symbiosis that truffles require, Jeremy Townsend offers a deep understanding of the science and craft of truffle cultivation. Learn how to navigate the ecological, climatic, and practical challenges that accompany truffle farming, and discover the tools and strategies needed to maximize yields. But this guide doesn't stop at the farm-it takes you into the culinary realm, exploring how freshly harvested truffles can elevate dishes and transform dining experiences. Packed with expert advice, detailed case studies, and inspiring anecdotes, The Art of Truffle Farming is your ultimate companion to success in this lucrative and rewarding field. Embrace the art, master the craft, and unlock the potential of truffle farming today!
The Art of Truffle Farming
Dive into the enchanting world of truffles with The Art of Truffle Farming, a comprehensive guide that unravels the mysteries behind cultivating one of nature's most prized delicacies. Whether you're an aspiring farmer or a seasoned grower looking to refine your techniques, this book provides invaluable insights into every step of the truffle farming journey. From selecting the perfect soil and tree pairings to fostering the delicate symbiosis that truffles require, Jeremy Townsend offers a deep understanding of the science and craft of truffle cultivation. Learn how to navigate the ecological, climatic, and practical challenges that accompany truffle farming, and discover the tools and strategies needed to maximize yields. But this guide doesn't stop at the farm-it takes you into the culinary realm, exploring how freshly harvested truffles can elevate dishes and transform dining experiences. Packed with expert advice, detailed case studies, and inspiring anecdotes, The Art of Truffle Farming is your ultimate companion to success in this lucrative and rewarding field. Embrace the art, master the craft, and unlock the potential of truffle farming today!
Collagen and Chitin from Marine Resources and Their Interdisciplinary Applications
Marine collagen and chitin exhibit significant applicative potential in the fields of drug discovery, drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, antiaging, agriculture, and the environment. These two biopolymers also exhibit similar hierarchical structural organizations. After cellulose, chitin is the second most important natural polymer in the world, and has been identified in bacteria, fungi, plants, and marine invertebrates. Chitin can also be enzymatically deacetylated to chitosan, a more flexible and soluble biopolymer. As mentioned above, it has many applications, including in the biomedical, environmental, and agricultural sectors. Similarly, nature is a source of massive quantities of collagen, especially in marine organisms. It is the main fibrous structural protein in the extracellular matrix and connective tissue of animals. It contributes greatly to the development of products for biotechnology and medical applications..
Synthesis of Natural Products Using Engineered Plants and Microorganisms
Plants and microorganisms, particularly medicinal herbs, harbor a diverse array of natural products. Many of these are bioactive molecules with potential applications in pharmaceuticals and healthcare. However, the concentrations of these bioactive compounds in plants or microorganisms are usually low. The advancement of omics technologies and synthetic biology has opened up new possibilities for producing these bioactive molecules through the metabolic engineering of plants and microorganisms. Especially substances like artemisinin, rare ginsenosides, and several other natural products have already been successfully manufactured on a large scale. This reprint aims to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art synthetic biology and engineering biology technologies used in plants and microorganisms for the biosynthesis and scalable production of natural products.
Anticancer Activities of Dietary Phytochemicals
Cancer, also known as malignant tumors, refers to the abnormal proliferation of cells, and these proliferating cells may invade other parts of the body. In humans, more than one hundred types of cancer are currently known. Many cancers can be prevented by eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The treatment of cancer, whether it is through chemotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy, is a huge burden on the body. Once malignant metastasis occurs, it becomes challenging to achieve a complete cure regardless of the method employed. Therefore, the treatment of cancer remains a significant challenge for human beings. In recent decades, dietary phytochemicals have become hot topics in the field of medical research. Many dietary phytochemicals in plant foods have the remarkable ability to inhibit various cancer cells. As a result, scientists from around the world are working to discover the functions of dietary phytochemicals in plant foods to provide evidence for anti-cancer or cancer prevention. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide research and review articles that elucidate the anticancer activity of dietary phytochemicals, with a special emphasis on cancer treatment, cancer prevention, the research and development of dietary phytochemicals as anticancer molecules, their synergistic effects with the clinical chemotherapy drugs for anticancer treatment, and the mechanisms of food phytochemicals in combating cancer. The articles in this Special Issue are expected to be available to people around the world as anti-cancer or anti-cancer applications to promote the health of human beings.
Mutagenesis of aqueous solutions using plant bioindicators
In cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests, plant species are used as bioindicators and root growth inhibition is observed. The species used in this research as bioindicators were Allium cepa L. (onion), Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Pisum sativum (pea). Chromosomal alterations were observed, such as chromatin bridges, isolated chromosomes, the presence of micronuclei and cell death.
![Yellow Vein Mosaic of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench)]](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/english/images/product/2251/9786208172251m.webp "Yellow Vein Mosaic of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench)]")
Yellow Vein Mosaic of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench)]
Okra (Abelmoschous esculentus (L.) Moench) is an important vegetable crop and has significant contribution towards securing the food and nutrition to avoid the poverty and hunger in the World. India is the largest okra producer in the World. It suffer from the number of diseases caused by fungus, bacteria, virus and nematodes. Among them, yellow vein mosaic caused by okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV), which is a species of genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae, is the very important disease in India. The studies were conducted for the symptomatological and transmission studies, population dynamics of whitefly, molecular characterization, screening and management of yellow vein mosaic of okra. The symptom of yellow vein mosaic of okra (OYVM) on young leaves appeared as diffused and mottled spots. Older leaves have irregular yellow interveinal areas. The fruits become malformed and reduced in size. The virus under study could not be transmitted through mechanical sap inoculation in okra plants.
The Role of Fungi in Plant Development and Symbiosis
Fungi play an essential role in plant development and ecological balance, contributing to nutrient cycling, growth promotion, and resilience to environmental stress. This manuscript examines the complex interactions between fungi and plants, focusing on mutualistic relationships that facilitate nutrient absorption, enhance plant growth, and provide disease resistance. Mycorrhizal associations, especially arbuscular mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae, illustrate the mutual benefits plants receive through nutrient exchange and improved soil health (Smith & Read, 2008). Endophytic fungi further contribute to plant survival by inhabiting internal tissues, enhancing stress tolerance, and protecting against pathogens (Arnold, 2007). Fungi also produce growth-promoting hormones like auxins, aiding plant development under adverse conditions (Harman, 2006).Pathogenic fungi present challenges, as they invade plants, disrupting cellular processes and affecting agricultural productivity (Agrios, 2005). However, advancements in fungal research have opened new avenues in sustainable agriculture, where mycorrhizal fungi are used as bioinoculants, improving crop yield and soil remediation.
Decoding Cell Signaling
Decoding Cell Signaling: Pathways, Mechanisms, and Clinical Insights provides a comprehensive guide to the principles and mechanisms of cell signaling, covering both foundational and advanced topics. It explores diverse signaling mechanisms, including G-protein coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and steroid hormone signaling. The book delves into key intracellular pathways like MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, illuminating their roles in processes such as growth and immune regulation. It also links these pathways to physiological functions in human organs and discusses cutting-edge techniques like mass spectrometry and single-cell analysis. The book concludes with clinical implications and future research directions, making it a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals.
Leveraging Metaverse and Analytics of Things (Aot) in Medical Systems
Leveraging Metaverse and Analytics of Things (AoT) in Medical Systems explores the potential benefits and applications of emerging technologies such as metaverse and AoT in the field of healthcare. The book provides insights into how these technologies can be leveraged to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of medical systems. It explores the concept of metaverse and its potential applications in healthcare, including the use of virtual and augmented reality technologies for medical education, training, and simulation, as well as the development of immersive environments for patient care and therapy. The book also delves into the field of AoT, such as the use of wearable devices, smart sensors, and other connected technologies. Applications to monitor patient health, track medical outcomes, and inform clinical decision-making are covered. Integrating both technologies can help improve medical training, diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes through the use of virtual reality and real-time data analytics.
ALTERNATIVE AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PULLOIDS (Rhopalosiphum spp.)
Aphids(Rhopalosiphum spp.) are very common pests in agriculture and are responsible for transmitting viruses, yellowing and leaf fall, which can lead to the total loss of a crop. In this way, integrated management with entomopathogenic fungi and natural pesticides has emerged as a sustainable alternative that is less harmful to the environment when compared to agrochemicals. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro lethal action of eleven alternative pesticides and four species of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Metarhizium anisiopliae and Metarhizium flavoviride) against aphids in order to offer a sustainable alternative for controlling these insects.
Principle of Testing with flow cytometry
Flow cytometry is a useful method for obtaining the phenotype and characteristics of cells. It is based on the scattering of light by the cells under test and the emission of fluorescence from them. Fluorescence emission is achieved either by the direct use of fluorescent dyes or a combination of fluorescent dyes and monoclonal antibodies. These fluorescence-conjugated antibodies can detect and bind to surface molecules or internal compounds of cells, making it possible to identify cell types in a diverse cell population by flow cytometry. This method was basically developed by immunologists who tried to sort pure populations of cells from each other and after proliferating them in cell culture medium to study the individual role of each cell in the immune system. Nowadays, the use of modern technologies to increase the speed of doing work and ease of doing them is expanding increasingly. Flow cytometry is commonly used to identify cell line, analyze mature cell tissue, and detect heterogeneity in tumor cell population. In the last decade, the use of this method in clinical laboratories and diagnosis of various types of cancer has increased dramatically.
Cultivation of White Shimeji (Pleurotus Ostreatus Var. Florida)
Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida, known as white shimeji, is one of the most widely consumed mushrooms in the world and in Portugal. This species is of great interest due to its sensory and nutritional aspects, as well as the fact that it is cheaper to grow and requires less specific conditions. Currently, there is a growing population scenario, which increases the demand for food and products to meet the needs of the population, generating a greater production of co-products. As a result, there is a need to reuse these materials, and mushroom cultivation has become a biotechnological strategy to valorize and reuse these by-products. To this end, this study aimed to assess the feasibility of reusing agro-industrial by-products generated from bean cultivation and craft beer production, analyzing the carbon and nitrogen contents present in the formulations tested, correlating them with biological and production parameters, as well as analyzing the ideal C: N ratios for mycelial growth and basidiom development.
From Gaia to Selfish Genes
From Gaia to Selfish Genes is a different kind of anthology. Lively excerpts from the popular writings of leading theorists in the life sciences blend in a seamless presentation of the controversies and bold ideas driving contemporary biological research. Selections span scales from the biosphere to the cell and DNA, and disciplines from global ecology to behavior and genetics, and also reveals the links between biology and philosophy. They plunge the reader into debates about heredity and environment, competition and cooperation, randomness and determinism, and the meaning of individuality. From Gaia to Selfish Genes conveys the technical and conceptual roots of current scientific theories beginning with the planetary perspective of James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis and concluding with the reductionist views of Richard Dawkins and E. 0. Wilson. The contrasting worldviews, coupled with excerpts drawn from critics of each theory, encourage readers to examine their own presuppositions. In addition to the scientists' portrayal of the Gaia hypothesis, symbiosis in cell evolution, hierarchy theory, systems theory, game theory, sociobiology, and the selfish gene, the text is rich in autobiographical passages and biographies. By presenting the human side of research, From Gaia to Selfish Genes reveals the social context and interactions, the motivations and range of cognitive styles that comprise the scientific endeavor. Concluding essays written expressly for this book by Lynn Margulis, John Maynard Smith, W. Ford Doolittle, and others underscore the importance of such diversity.Connie Barlow is a science writer currently living in New York City. The scientists include: Robert Axelrod. Richard D. Alexander. Ludwig von Bertalanffy. Leo W. Buss. Francis Crick. Richard Dawkins. W. Ford Doolittle. Douglas Hofstadter. Julian Huxley. Leon J. Kamin. Philip Kitcher. Richard C. Lewontin. James Lovelock. Lynn Margulis. Ashley Montagu. Leslie Orgel. Steven Rose. Carmen Sapienza. John Maynard Smith. Lewis Thomas. Gerald Weinberg. E. 0. Wilson. Robert Wright. The science writers include: Lawrence Joseph. Arthur Koestler. Francesca Lyman. Jeanne McDermott. Richard Monastersky. Dorion Sagan.
Fermenting Microorganisms in the Removal of Contaminates in Milk
Milk and its derivatives are one of the main components of the national livestock industry. However, the production chain for these products is susceptible to a number of flaws, especially with regard to contamination by unwanted substances, especially antimicrobial drug residues and mycotoxins, which can trigger pathogenic conditions in humans and cause technological complications during the production of dairy products. Over the years, various technologies using fermenting microorganisms have been developed with the aim of minimizing or eliminating these compounds in both livestock and milk. Probiotic microorganisms, specifically yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, play a crucial role in these technologies due to their recognized safety, remarkable adsorption capacity and beneficial impact on the health of the host, allowing them to be incorporated into food formulations and diets. This study opens up perspectives for the discovery and use of new strains with potential applicability in the removal of contaminants from food matrices and in the production of secondary metabolites of industrial interest.
The Book of Life
"This is an exciting book. Its plea that genetic theory be integrated into social thought-rather than the other way around-is wonderfully lucid and well informed. A pleasure to read." --Vivian Gornick, author of The End of the Novel of Love
The Human Body
Discover the incredible capabilities of the human body and its functions with this indispensable hardback guide, richly illustrated in full-color. The human body is a remarkable work of nature - its immense complexity allowing us to sense the world around us, move, regulate our temperature, formulate thoughts and much more besides. In this stunning visual guide, author Robert Snedden examines the extraordinary ways that the body works and facilitates our survival. Taking each crucial system in turn, he unpacks the processes responsible for the functioning of biology's most complex creation and makes it easy to understand for every reader. Discover the function of cells, how muscles work, how our senses allow us to perceive the world, and much more. With hundreds of photographs, illustrations and full-color diagrams to aid your understanding, The Human Body is a must-have manual for medical professionals, students, or anyone interested in finding out more about how the human body works.
Exploding the Gene Myth
How Genetic Information Is Produced and Manipulated by Scientists, Physicians, Employers, Insurance Companies, Educators, and Law Enforcers
Stem Cell Biology
This book embarks on a comprehensive exploration of stem cells guided by various contributions from Indian academicians and researchers. This volume provides a thorough understanding of the current state of stem cell research and the wide range of applications, and pays tribute to the historical milestones that have paved the way. The book covers a wide range of aspects regarding stem cells, such as the fundamental biology of stem cells, various types of stem cells embryonic, adult sources as well as induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSCs], understanding the molecular aspects of stem cells to preclinical and clinical translational potential of stem cells. Stem cell applications in innovative pharmaceutical research, drug discovery, and veterinary regenerative medicine are also discussed. A glimpse of cancer stem cells and biomaterials-integrated stem cell strategies for therapeutic application will provide valuable insights to the readers.
2-Deoxy-D-Glucose
2-Deoxy-D-Glucose: Chemistry and Biology extensively examine 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), a glucose analog with profound biomedical and therapeutic potential. This detailed resource covers 2DG's chemical structure, methods of synthesis, and its pivotal roles in diagnostics and therapeutics. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the compound's multifaceted uses, from antiviral applications to its emerging role in cancer treatment. Key Features: - Comprehensive coverage of 2DG synthesis, structure, and characterization.- Insights into 2DG's diagnostic and therapeutic potential, including cancer and antiviral applications.- Exploration of its role in the Warburg effect and glycosylation inhibition.- Discussion on 2DG's clinical applications, including COVID-19 treatments.
Biomacromolecules
The second edition of the Macromolecular Chemistry broadens into two areas: biomacromolecules, Volume 1 and polymers, Volume 2. Biomacromolecules covers carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, their classifications and properties. The first chapter looks at the structural formulas and cyclic forms of monosaccharides, as well as their synthesis and breakdown. Cyclization, enolization, isomerization, tautomerization, mutarotation, and epimerization are all briefly described. Examples of disaccharides and polysaccharides are also presented. The second chapter covers triglycerides, steroids, vitamins, and their constituents. The third chapter examines the primary structure of proteins, including amino acid properties, peptide bond formation, and peptide synthesis. It also addresses secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. The book concludes with a chapter on nucleic acids, which covers the chemistry of nucleosides and oligonucleotides as well as topics such as genetic code, DNA secret code, Polymerase Chain Reaction and DNA fingerprinting.
Skeletal Muscle Health in Metabolic Diseases
Skeletal Muscle Health in Metabolic Diseases explores the vital role of skeletal muscle in regulating energy metabolism and its interactions with other organs, such as the liver and brain, in the context of metabolic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. This comprehensive guide covers how metabolic disorders impact muscle glucose metabolism, liver function, and brain health, alongside the effects of nutrition and exercise on carbohydrate metabolism. Readers will gain insights into the mechanisms underlying muscle atrophy, oxidative stress, and cellular damage caused by these conditions. Key Features: - In-depth analysis of skeletal muscle's role in whole-body metabolism and metabolic disease.- Exploration of metabolic dysfunction in relation to liver and brain health.- Insight into the impact of diet and physical activity on muscle and carbohydrate metabolism.- Examination of muscle atrophy and cellular changes in metabolic disorders.
Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels
Gap junction channels are a group of intercellular channels expressed in tissues and organs to synchronize many physiological processes. Pannexin channels are a family of closely related large-pore channels virtually unknown a decade ago. The field of connexin and pannexin research has recently exploded and became one of the most active areas of
Biosensing and Diagnosis
Biosensing and diagnosis are multidisciplinary fields that integrate advanced technological principles with biological sciences to develop sensitive and specific analytical tools for detecting, measuring, and assessing various analytes, including biomolecules, chemicals, and environmental contaminants. They are crucial for healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, and other sectors where accurate and sensitive detection is essential. Moreover, the field of biosensing and diagnosis is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in nanotechnology, materials science, informatics, and artificial intelligence. These innovations are enabling the development of more accurate, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic tools that can be used in various settings, from clinical laboratories to point-of-care environments, and even for remote monitoring. Overall, biosensing and diagnosis play a significant role in advancing precision medicine, enhancing patient outcomes, and fostering a proactive and personalized approach to healthcare.
Computational Approaches for Protein Dynamics and Function
Proteins are fascinating structures that operate at the nanoscale in a complex environment and are involved in an astonishingly wide variety of functions, from ion transport to enzymatic catalysis, metabolism, neurotransmission, and many more functions. Understanding these peculiar functionalities at the single-protein level requires advanced experimental and computational techniques. In the era of high-performance computing, computational methods are particularly well suited to investigating the structure and dynamics of proteins and unravelling how they enable biological functions. Molecular Dynamics (MD), Normal Mode Analysis (NMA), and Elastic Network Models (ENMs) are just a few examples of the computational methodologies that we can use to elucidate protein conformational dynamics, allostery, the impact of mutations, and many other fascinating subjects. This Special Issue comprises eight peer-reviewed papers demonstrating how various computational approaches can be employed to address the ultimate and most crucial question: how do proteins work?
Recent Advances in the Discovery of Novel Drugs on Natural Molecules
Drug discovery is still one of the fundamental pillars of modern medicine; the urgency in seeking new natural compounds or reusing old drugs for new therapeutic solutions is always a current topic. Since most compounds exhibit synergistic effects or share multiple targets, traditional approaches to finding potential drug candidates can reduce their therapeutic efficacy. As a result, new techniques are required to produce drugs with high and multi-target activity as well as improved bioavailability. In this regard, the application of multidisciplinary approaches, bioinformatics, data mining, pathway refactoring, cell factories, metabolomics, and computational chemistry, allows for the revelation of novel drug molecules from microbial strains or bioresources that might otherwise escape notice when using classical top-down strategies. The collection of articles in this book covers key topics related to the discovery of new natural molecules with biological activity; the herein collected studies open new pathways toward the more efficient and targeted enhancement of natural compounds for drug development.
