Deep Neural Networks in Medical Imaging
Medical Imaging plays a key role in disease management, starting from baseline risk assessment, diagnosis, staging, therapy planning, therapy delivery, and follow-up. Each type of disease has led to the development of more advanced imaging methods and modalities to help clinicians address the specific challenges in analyzing the underlying disease mechanisms. Researchers have been actively pursuing the development of advanced image analysis algorithms. These developments were driven by the need for a comprehensive quantification of structure and function across several imaging modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT), X-ray Radiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound, Nuclear Medicine Imaging, and Digital Pathology. Currently, deep learning has become the state-of-the-art machine learning technique, providing unprecedented performance for learning patterns in medical images and great promise for helping physicians during clinical decision-making processes. The aim of this work is to present and highlight novel methods, architectures, techniques, and applications of deep learning in medical imaging related to, but not limited to, the following topics: image reconstruction; image enhancement; segmentation; registration; computer-aided detection; image or view recognition; multi-task learning; transfer learning; generative learning; self-supervised learning; semi-supervised learning; weakly supervised learning; unsupervised learning; privacy preserving learning; explainability and interpretability; and robustness and out-of-distribution detection.
Ecology and Management of Invasive Plants
The ecological problems caused by invasive plants have become increasingly prominent, and the level of environmental risk caused by invasive plants will continue to increase with the rising frequency and intensity of anthropological activities. More importantly, biological invasion as a result of invasive plants has become a major cause of biodiversity loss in recent years. Therefore, further work is urgently needed to elucidate the key mechanisms underlying the successful invasion of invasive plants, assess the ecological risks of invasive plants, and identify the ecological management of invasive plants, as well as early warning signs and means of prevention.This Special Issue can provide an in-depth analysis and a comprehensive overview of the key mechanisms underlying the successful invasion of invasive plants and offer an assessment of the ecological risk of invasive plants, the ecological management of invasive plants, and early warning signs and prevention.
New Advances in Diagnostic Radiology of Ischemic Stroke
This speicial issue focuses on advances in neuroimaging that have recently contributed to an improvement in the acute triage of ischemic stroke, particularly regarding the timely identification of patients benefiting from thrombolytic and endovascular treatment. Mechanical thrombectomy has proven to be significantly associated with better functional outcomes, even in an extended time window from symptom onset. Imaging-based pathophysiological features help to understand the importance of a patient-specific, individual treatment decision with the aim of increasing the proportion of patients eligible for treatment, rather than selection for treatment in accordance with rigid criteria. Nevertheless, multiple diagnostic approaches for stroke triage exist, with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging being commonly utilized. This Special Issue presents recent advances in the development of new diagnostic approaches in stroke imaging.
Analysis of Natural Compounds Exercising Health Importance from Food
The research and development of functional food ingredients has been a hot research topic in the food field in recent years, representing a trend of food development in the 21st century. Its rapid development reflects the awakening of today's population to their own health, and a countermeasure to face some "crises" generated by modern civilization (increased biochemical pressure, increased environmental pollution, the extensive use of chemicals, etc.), as well as the idea that people return to nature and re-advocate the "same origin of medicine and food". People's new requirements for food are no longer limited to basic nutritional requirements, but include the need for certain physiologically regulating or health-promoting effects. Which functional factors in the diet can prevent diseases or promote physical health? Which bioactive substances play a major role in the effects on health? What is the best intake method and what is the effective dose? We also wish to reveal the accurate mechanism of the dietary functional factors that regulate physiological function or health effects at the molecular level.
Study on Genotypes and Phenotypes of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of age-related disorders characterised by the progressive degeneration or death of neurons in the central or peripheral nervous system. The prevalence of these diseases is increasing, in part due to an ageing population, and the economic burden on healthcare systems is growing as a result. Genetic factors are key players in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, acting both as monogenic causes in inherited forms and as modulating factors in multifactorial/sporadic forms. Recent advances in low-cost genetic analysis have greatly advanced our knowledge of the genetic basis of several neurodegenerative diseases, improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis. In the era of precision medicine, a better characterisation of genotype-phenotype correlations can improve therapeutic approaches, help to assess individual drug responses, and help to guide gene-targeted clinical trials. This Special Issue provides an overview of research into the genotypes and phenotypes of neurodegenerative diseases, ranging from the use of cutting-edge omics techniques to the identification of biomarkers and the characterisation of new experimental models. The picture that emerges is one of ongoing research efforts to more effectively combat these devastating diseases and to identify potential future therapeutic targets.
Darwinizing Gaia
A reinterpretation of James Lovelock's Gaia Hypothesis through the lens of Darwinian natural selection and multispecies community evolution. First conceived in the 1970s, James Lovelock's Gaia Hypothesis proposed that living organisms developed in tandem with their inorganic surroundings, forming a complex, self-regulating system. Today, most evolutionary biologists consider the theory problematic. In Darwinizing Gaia, W. Ford Doolittle, one of evolutionary and molecular biology's most prestigious thinkers, reformulates what evolution by natural selection is while legitimizing the controversial Gaia Hypothesis. As the first book attempting to reconcile Gaia with Darwinian thinking, and the first on persistence-based evolution, Doolittle's clear, innovative position broadens evolutionary theory by offering potential remedies for Gaia's theoretical challenges. Unquestionably, the current "polycrisis" is the most complex that Homo sapiens has ever faced, and this book can help overcome the widespread belief that evolutionary biologists don't believe Lovelock. Written in the tradition of Richard Dawkins's The Selfish Gene, Darwinizing Gaia will appeal to students, evolutionary scientists, philosophers, and microbiologists, as well as environmentalists seeking to understand the Earth as a system, at a time when climate change has drawn our planet's structure and function into sharp relief.
Passionflowers
This work deals with the genetic diversity and characterisation of germplasm in the Passifloraceae family, more specifically in the genus Passiflora (the most representative and important of the family). The genus Passiflora is very important in tropical fruit growing, and Brazil is the world's largest producer of passion fruit, with the sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and the sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata Curtis) standing out. The country has a great diversity of genetic resources, especially species belonging to the Passifloraceae family (around 150 species endemic to Brazil), especially in the north-central region. The author seeks, firstly, to provide a general review of the Passifloraceae family and the genus Passiflora, and then to give the reader an overview of the state-of-the-art characterisation work that has been and is being carried out on species of the genus Passiflora. Various tools used in the characterisation of genetic resources involving qualitative, quantitative, molecular variables and those related to physiological quality and seed storage are exemplified, making their use simpler and more practical.
Handbook of Milk Products
The "Handbook of Milk Products" is a detailed guide exploring dairy processing. It begins with an introduction highlighting the economic and nutritional importance of milk products. The book covers traditional and modern methods for preparing butter, chhana, paneer, and ghee, emphasizing quality and efficiency. It also details the production of khoa, dahi, and lassi, discussing their cultural significance and health benefits. Further, the book explores the intricate processes of making ice cream and various cheeses, providing tips for perfect texture and flavor. It promotes sustainability by discussing the use of dairy byproducts like whey and buttermilk. The final section focuses on dehydration principles, especially the production of dried milk, explaining methods like spray drying and drum drying. The book integrates traditional practices with modern advancements, offering a comprehensive understanding of milk product preparation. It's an invaluable resource for anyone in the dairy industry, equipping readers with the knowledge to produce high-quality milk products while adopting sustainable practices.
Screening for Oxacillin Resistant Salmonella
Salmonella species is the causative agent of typhoid fever which is a disease characterized by high mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study was carried out to screen oxacillin resistant- Salmonella species isolated from palms of some primary school pupils and food vendors within Kaduna South LGA, Nigeria. Three hundred (300) swab samples were collected from pupils and food vendors of the three selected primary schools as the sampling location. Salmonella enterica was isolated and identified using standard bacteriological methods. Isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin 28 (70.0%), Augmentin(R) 25 (65.0%) amoxicillin 25 (62.5%) and vancomycin 22 (55.0%) but showed resistance to oxacillin 9 (22.5%), ampicillin 12 (30.0%), chloramphenicol 15 (37.5%) and tetracycline 16 (40.0%). Antibiotics that exhibited intermediate susceptibility were methicillin 8 (20.0%) and gentamicin 11 (27.5%). Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antimicrobial agent against Salmonella enterica. The presence of oxacillin-resistant Salmonella enterica was detected via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis.
The Universe of Bacterial Infections in Nephrology
This research explores the complex world of bacterial infections in nephrology, highlighting the challenges posed by multi-resistant bacteria. Conducted at CHU Sahloul over 9 years (January 2012 - December 2020), the retrospective study scrutinizes bacterial strains isolated by the nephrology department. Of the 2851 isolates analyzed, the majority came from the inpatient unit (83%), followed by the CPD (9.2%) and HD (7.8%) units. Urinary tract infections were most frequent on the inpatient unit (74.6%), with bacteremia in second place (13%). This work highlights the urgent need for a thorough understanding of bacterial ecology and antimicrobial resistance to optimize the management of patients with chronic kidney disease.
An alternative and dynamic way of teaching oligochaetes
The purpose of this work is to provide students with a way of learning about the biological role and reproduction of oligochaetes, based on practical experiments. In addition to diagnosing which didactic methodologies are applied by science teachers in the municipality of Piratini/RS, this study related theory to practice, through the practical activity of vermicomposting with fruit waste and dairy cattle manure. Happy reading!
The bacterial world and COVID-19
This book examines the bacterial ecology of COVID-19 patients in intensive care at the Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital in Monastir, offering a unique perspective on the impact of the pandemic on nosocomial infections. Through a retrospective analysis, the authors highlight risk factors such as advanced age and male gender, while revealing an increased prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli, notably Acinetobacter baumannii, whose resistance to antibiotics appears to be a cause for concern. With increased mortality during the COVID-19 period, this book underlines the urgency of adopting reinforced precautionary measures to combat bacterial resistance in the hospital environment. An essential work for healthcare professionals and researchers wishing to understand contemporary challenges in infectiology.
Environmental Factors as Major Contributors to Neurological Disorders
Neurodegeneration involves the gradual loss of structural and functional components of neurons, leading to severe neurological disorders that significantly impact physical and mental health. Recent studies highlight the global concern over neurodegenerative diseases, which are closely linked to environmental factors. Key contributors to these disorders include prenatal and postnatal exposure to industrial toxins, particularly neurotoxic metals such as lead, aluminum, mercury, manganese, cadmium, and arsenic, along with pesticides and metal-based nanoparticles. These contaminants can lead to the formation of senile or amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are characteristic of these diseases. Additionally, exposure to solvents is recognized as a significant risk factor.
The Hirudin矇es of the Lebna Dam
This preliminary study, the first in Tunisia devoted to the Achaete annelids of the Lebna dam, identified nine species of Hirudinea in the study station. These species fall into three distinct families: four belong to the Glossiphoniidae(Batracobdella algira, Placobdella nabeulensis, Theromyzon tessulatum and Alboglossiphonia hyalina), one to the Erpobdellidae(Erpobdella testacea) and two to the Hirudinidae(Hirudo troctina and Limnatis nilotica). Two other species of the Limnatis genus have not yet been identified and could represent new species.
Theory and Technology of Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Resource Utilization
The complex hydrogeological conditions in deep mining areas, coupled with large-scale and high-intensity mining activities, have triggered a series of mine water disasters and significant resource waste issues. The prevention of mine water disasters is crucial for the safe operation of mines. Studying the occurrence mechanism of water disasters, advanced detection, and disaster prevention can provide a theoretical basis and effective solutions for mine water treatment. By studying fundamental mechanics theories of water-bearing coal rocks, mechanisms of surrounding rock water disasters, and advanced technologies for early warning and prevention of mine water disasters, accurate prediction and rapid response to mine water hazards can be achieved. This can help to minimize the losses caused by mine water disasters.
Advances in Wood Processing Technology
On behalf of Prof. Dr. Alena Očkajov獺 and Dr. Richard Kminiak, we would like to express our gratitude for the opportunity to deliver this Special Issue entitled "Advances in Wood Processing Technology". We are very grateful for the contributions concerning the latest technologies in the processing of both growing wood and wood-based composites.
Fermentation Processes
The main purpose of this reprint is to present different approaches most commonly employed in the analysis of bioprocesses. This reprint aims to develop, in some detail, the bases and concepts of bioprocesses related to the bioprocess analysis introduced in basic principles of mathematical modeling. From this viewpoint, the system's approach to bioengineering and bioprocessing, with its current focus on the development of mathematical approaches and their analysis, is a logical sequel in understanding the mechanisms of cellular and metabolic processes. Specifically, it concerns applications in modeling, estimation, and optimization of bioprocesses. Consequently, this reprint presents key results in various fields, including dynamic modeling, dynamic properties of bioprocess models, online estimation of parameters and state variables, and optimization of bioprocesses.
Mine and Water
Water is the source of life, the key to production, and the foundation of ecology. On one hand, water in mines is facing unprecedented challenges from various sources of pollution, which in turn affect human health. On the other hand, water is the foundation for the maintenance of mine ecosystems. Moreover, water is also a mineral resource. This Special Issue on mines and water aims to provide comprehensive guidance on hydrogeology, environmental geology, mining environments, disaster geology, and health geology. By delving into the intricate relationship between water and mining operations, this publication seeks to foster a deeper understanding of the role that mining processes play in mine monitoring and the development of innovative prevention strategies. This knowledge is instrumental in promoting the sustainable development of green mines and ensuring the harmonious coexistence of human activities and the natural environment.
Functional Molecules in Tracing and Cancer Therapeutics
In recent years, research on functional targeting molecules has made significant strides in the medical field, playing a pivotal role in both scientific research and clinical pharmaceutical applications. This reprint aims to further enhance the international impact of this field, providing crucial support for advancements in human health.
Rethinking Agri-Food and Marine Waste and Byproducts for Circular and Sustainable Bio-Based Food Packaging
This Special Issue on food waste and byproduct-based packaging presents innovative research on repurposing food industry byproducts into sustainable packaging solutions, targeting waste reduction and environmental impact. Papers in this issue showcase the development of biomaterials and packaging materials from byproducts like potato chips, apple and pear pomaces, pomegranate peels, and fish scales. For instance, potato byproducts, apple and pear pomace-a leftover from juice production-are used to create biodegradable films with antioxidant properties, ideal for food preservation. Similarly, pomegranate peel extracts are incorporated into bio-composites that offer antimicrobial protection, enhancing food safety. Studies also highlight chitosan from seafood shells and cellulose from plant fibers as alternatives to synthetic plastics, demonstrating strong mechanical properties and environmental compatibility. These materials not only serve as viable packaging but can also be infused with active compounds, such as polyphenols, to extend the shelf life of both the packaging and the food it encases. Moreover, the issue addresses production challenges, such as scaling and standardization, while emphasizing a circular economy model that repurposes waste into renewable resources, thus mitigating pollution and promoting sustainable practices.
Molecular Mechanisms and Therapies of Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 8%, and it is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. PC progression and metastasis are strongly influenced by metabolic stress imposed by the tumor microenvironment (TME) due to limited oxygen and nutrient supply and unfavorable pH. In this context, deregulation and the reprogramming of energy metabolism are hallmarks of PC, which leads tumor cells to rewire their glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism on the basis of the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands needed to survive and escape immunosurveillance. For this reason, exploiting cellular plasticity through the targeted reprogramming of metabolic features in PC could lead to the generation of promising and novel selective therapeutic approaches for patients' treatment.
Genomics, Populations, and Society
Genomics, Populations, and Society, a new volume in the Genomic and Precision Medicine in Clinical Practice series, considers the vast and thorny web of ELSI topics in genomics, from bioethics to healthcare applications, healthcare economics, genomic data management, and population dynamics. Emphasis is placed on the impact of rapid genomic advances on ethical, sociocultural and lifestyle dimensions. Healthcare and health economics topics include genomics and digital health, genome editing, and genomics and infectious disease management. Legal issues related to data ownership, equity, access, probity, consent, and confidentiality are also discussed in-depth, along with sociocultural topics such as community engagement, consanguinity, and more.Here, a range of readers from researchers to clinicians, policy administrators, lawyers, economists and social scientists will discover carefully crafted, synthesized discussions on ELSI topics in genomics to power new scientific advances and genomic medicine implementation.
Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry
Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry, Volume 58 is the latest release in this definitive resource for authoritative reviews of work in physical organic chemistry. It aims to provide a valuable source of information not only for physical organic chemists applying their expertise to both novel and traditional problems but also for non-specialists across diverse areas. Its hallmark is quantitative, molecular level understanding of phenomena across a diverse range of disciplines. Sample chapters in this new release include Coacervate formation and the partitioning of molecules into these phases and The area of artificial signal transduction systems.
Who's the boss here?
Microbial diseases are one of the main causes of reduced crop productivity, resulting in losses of millions of dollars annually for many countries. Bacillus thuringiensis is a species naturally found associated with soils, insects and plants. Although most studies on this species focus only on its direct effects against insect pests, we have shown that there may be several other mechanisms for plant protection, especially against phytopathogenic microorganisms. In this work, the sequencing of the genome of B. thuringiensis BAC3151 endophytic to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), in addition to other previously published genomes of the species, provided the opportunity to carry out comparative genomic analyses between different strains. In short, the book will make a significant contribution to all professionals looking for innovative strategies to carry out biological control of microbial diseases in agricultural crops, with a view to reducing the damage caused by phytopathogens.
Fur, Fleas, and Flukes
Shedding light on the unseen world around us, Fur, Fleas, and Flukes reveals the role parasites play in shaping the lives of wild mammals.Today, even if you live in a major city and seldom get a chance to visit national parks or wildlife reserves, you encounter wild mammals. On the inside and the outside of these animals exist an amazing diversity of living things: parasites. These parasites play crucial roles in the ecology, behavior, and evolution of their wild mammal hosts.In Fur, Fleas, and Flukes, parasitologist Michael Stock tells the stories of wild mammals - from armadillos to zebras - and the fascinating unseen organisms - such as tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms - that live in and on them. Stock examines how parasites can modify mammal behavior, shape their appearance, determine where they live, and even influence how they survive. He details how parasites can transfer to our pets and, disturbingly, lead to disease and fatalities in humans.Fur, Fleas, and Flukes also takes into account the potential impact of unprecedented environmental changes on our planet, highlighting how these shifts may alter the ecological balance between mammals and their parasites - ultimately affecting human beings and our health.
Biotechnological Advances in Agriculture, Healthcare, Environment and Industry
This book has been written with a very clear purpose of highlighting the contributions of modern biotechnology in solving emerging problems in various sectors. The book has been divided into four major sections: Agricultural Biotechnology, Healthcare Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology, and Industrial Biotechnology.
Animal Tool Behavior
This revised and updated edition of the landmark publication reveals the current state of knowledge regarding animal tool behavior.When originally published in 1980, Animal Tool Behavior was the first volume to catalog and analyze the complete literature on tool use and manufacture in non-human animals. Benjamin B. Beck showed how animals--from insects to primates--employed different types of tools to solve numerous problems. This work inspired and energized legions of researchers to study the use of tools by a wide variety of species.This new edition reveals the current state of knowledge regarding animal tool behavior, updated and revised with 300 additional references that have been published since the second edition. Through a comprehensive synthesis of studies produced through 2023, Robert W. Shumaker, Kristina R. Walkup, and Benjamin B. Beck define tool use, discuss the modes of tool use that have emerged in the scientific literature, examine all forms of tool manufacture, and address common myths about non-human tool use. Specific examples involving invertebrates, birds, fish, and mammals describe the differing levels of sophistication of tool use exhibited by animals. This volume provides a thorough framework for understanding animal tool use and manufacture.
Birds as indicators of environmental quality
The process of deforestation in forest areas can lead to the formation of isolated fragments, which for most birds is a very important factor, as many species are unable to move to other fragments that are too far away, which prevents the flow of individuals between fragments, and over time can reduce the genetic variability of populations. The main aim of this study was to assess the conservation status of four forest fragments using the trophic guilds of the birds recorded as bioindicators.
Association between mutations in the KRT5, KRT14 and COL7A1 genes in two types of cancer
Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is part of a group of dermatological genetic diseases characterized by the formation of blisters on the skin due to defects in structural proteins, which are important in the adhesion of the epidermal and dermal-epidermal layers. The aim of this study was to relate the phenotypes of simple and dystrophic EB based on the mutations found at the sites of the genes that modify the function of the keratin-5, -14 and type VII collagen proteins. The methodology was based on an experimental study using bioinformatics programs to elucidate the abnormal protein structures of keratin-5 and keratin-14 and type VII collagen, which represent the main subtypes of Simple EB and dystrophy. After observing the changes in the three-dimensional structures of the genes in question using the SWISS-MODEL program, it was possible to demonstrate mutations that occur at specific sites in the genes, responsible for changes associated with epidermolysis and that intermolecular and intramolecular interactions are important for maintaining the three-dimensional structure and preserving the normal function of the proteins.
Sustainable Aging
This open access book discusses three areas in which Germany has long-standing experience and solutions that are valuable for other countries--care education, care insurance and standards for age-friendly city neighborhoods. It introduces the development background, application and shortcomings in the German and Chinese context, providing examples for from around the globe and showcasing the role of international cooperation projects in promoting knowledge exchange and advising on implementation in the country-specific context. Fast-paced demographic changes present a pressing challenge around the world. In Europe, the demographic problem, along with discussions on solutions, has been prevalent for many decades. And recently, it has also reached formerly developing countries in Asia, such as China. International cooperation, including international development cooperation, promotes the exchange of ways to tackle the social and economic challenges in order to find globally applicable solutions, thereby contributing to sustainable development. By presenting lessons learned in other countries, this book provides guidance for policy makers, city representatives and academicians seeking solutions for the challenges of an aging society in their own countries. Although the application of interventions is context-specific, the discussion and exchange on available solutions are essential to achieving socially sustainable and inclusive societies.
Genetics and Cancer
Is cancer a genetic disease? Yes, cancer is a genetic disease. It is caused by changes in genes that control the way cells grow and multiply. Cells are the building blocks of your body. Each cell has a copy of your genes, which act like an instruction manual. Genes are sections of DNA that carry instructions to make a protein or several proteins. Scientists have found hundreds of DNA and genetic changes (also called variants, mutations, or alterations) that help cancer form, grow, and spread.Cancer-related genetic changes can occur because: random mistakes in our DNA happen as our cells multiply; our DNA is altered by carcinogens in our environment, such as chemicals in tobacco smoke, UV rays from the sun, and the human papillomavirus (HPV); they were inherited from one of our parents;DNA changes, whether caused by a random mistake or by a carcinogen, can happen throughout our lives and even in the womb. While most genetic changes aren't harmful on their own, an accumulation of genetic changes over many years can turn healthy cells into cancerous cells. The vast majority of cancers occur by chance as a result of this process over time.
Bacillus Probiotics for Sustainable Aquaculture
This book examines the role of Bacillus bacteria in aquaculture, particularly focusing on finfish and shellfish. It covers foundational aspects, interactions of Bacillus with gastrointestinal tracts, their role in bioremediation and as probiotics in feed biotechnology. It is intended for professionals and researchers in aquaculture.
Machine Learning Models and Architectures for Biomedical Signal Processing
Machine Learning Models and Architectures for Biomedical Signal Processing presents the fundamental concepts of machine learning techniques for bioinformatics in an interactive way. The book investigates how efficient machine and deep learning models can support high-speed processors with reconfigurable architectures like graphic processing units (GPUs), Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or any hybrid system. This great resource will be of interest to researchers working to increase the efficiency of hardware and architecture design for biomedical signal processing and signal processing techniques.
Population Genomics in the Developing World
Population Genomics in the Developing World: Concepts, Applications, and Challenges, a new volume in the Translational and Applied Genomics series, provides a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of the field of population genomics in developing countries. This book equips students, researchers, and clinicians with the practical skills and approaches necessary to face the unique challenges and opportunities of practicing population genomics in developing countries. Following a brief foundational overview, more than a dozen authors working in developing nations share applied case studies from the field, including rationale, methods, analysis, and outcomes to reinforce understanding. Key themes across the country-specific chapters include efficient genetic data generation and effective computational and statistical tools to analyze population-level data. This book then discusses clinical interpretation of these data, from direct-to-consumer ancestry testing to translational and applied precision medicine. A final chapter considers the ethical aspects of conducting genomic research in developing countries.
Fabrication of DNA Microarrays by Digital Solid-Phase PCR in a Next Generation Sequencing Chip
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2013 in the subject Biology - Genetics / Gene Technology, grade: 1,0, University of Freiburg (Institut f羹r Mikrosystemtechnik), course: Mikrosystemtechnik, language: English, abstract: A process for the fabrication of DNA microarrays by copying a next-generation sequencing chip is presented in this thesis. DNA molecules of a DNA library are mixed with a biochemical reaction mix and loaded into hundreds of thousands wells of the commercial sequencing chip PicoTiterPlate (PTP, Roche). The DNA randomly distributes onto the wells so that statistically one well contains one single DNA molecule. All wells of the PTP are closed with a microscope slide and the DNA is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each single PCR product is attached as a DNA cluster in the PTP and on the corresponding position on the slide since both surfaces have been coated with PCR primers. The sequence of each DNA cluster can be obtained by a subsequent sequencing reaction in the PTP. This also reveals the sequences of each DNA cluster on the slide thus allowing the slide to be used as a standard DNA microarray.
Gene-Rationing
Step into the hidden world of your genetic blueprint with Gene-Rationing, a transformative journey that unravels the mysteries coded deep within your DNA. This book goes beyond the science of genetics, inviting you into a profound exploration of how each sequence within us holds the power to shape not only our health but our destiny. In Gene-Rationing, you'll discover the keys to unlocking resilience, vitality, and transformation, blending the latest advances in genetic science with timeless insights on self-mastery and personal growth. From epigenetics and gene therapy to lifestyle and environmental influence, this book is a roadmap for those ready to engage with their genetic heritage and take control of their future. Written for scientists, thinkers, and anyone drawn to the limitless potential within human life, Gene-Rationing offers a new way to understand health and evolution through the lens of our very own DNA. Embark on this journey of self-discovery, where each chapter illuminates a path to physical, mental, and spiritual empowerment-because in every cell, there lies not only the story of who you are but the promise of who you can become."
Advances in Rare Diseases Biomarkers
A rare disease is a health condition with a lower prevalence than common diseases. The World Health Organization defines a rare disease as one that strikes fewer than 65 per 100,000 people. However, their combined effect is significant: around 7,000 rare diseases affect approximately 350 million people worldwide.Biomarkers play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring rare diseases, which are often challenging to detect and understand due to their low prevalence and diverse clinical manifestations. Biomarkers serve as measurable indicators of biological processes or conditions in rare diseases, offering valuable insights into disease mechanisms and progression. These markers may include genetic mutations, protein levels, or other molecular signatures unique to a rare condition. The discovery and validation of such biomarkers contribute to early detection and the development of targeted therapies, allowing for more effective and personalized treatment approaches.As technology advances, the integration of omics technologies, such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, has further expanded the repertoire of potential biomarkers, fostering a deeper understanding of rare diseases and paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Biomarkers enhance our ability to navigate diagnostic challenges and promise to improve patient care and foster breakthroughs in treatment modalities.
Recent Advancements in Postharvest Fruit Quality and Physiological Mechanism
Fruits are an important category of horticultural commodities that contribute to human nutrition and health. The postharvest management of fruits requires thorough knowledge of their nature, physiology, and responses to the surrounding environment. This Special Issue focuses on research on or the review of biological and technological postharvest research on horticultural fruit crops. It will provide new insights for the in-depth study of the regulatory mechanisms related to postharvest fruit quality control.
Preparation, Characterization and Application of the Delivery System for Food Products
In the dynamic realm of food science and technology, the development of innovative delivery systems for bioactive compounds stands as a cornerstone of contemporary research. Driven by the escalating demand for functional foods that offer enhanced nutritional value and controlled release of bioactive components, the following Special Issue in the journal Foods entitled "Preparation, Characterization, and Application of the Delivery System for Food Products" marks a pivotal advancement. The focus of this Special Issue is on the preparation, characterization, and application of delivery systems designed to revolutionize the consumption and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds, including antioxidants, phytochemicals, and more, hold immense potential for promoting human health. However, harnessing their full therapeutic benefits necessitates overcoming challenges related to stability, controlled release, and interaction with the gastrointestinal milieu. This Special Issue delves into the latest advancements in controlled release technologies, encapsulation techniques, and nanostructured delivery systems. The articles explore how these approaches safeguard bioactive compounds from degradation, enhance their solubility, and enable sustained release, ultimately maximizing their efficacy. Stability and bioavailability, critical factors governing the efficacy of bioactive compounds, are also thoroughly examined. Strategies to improve stability during processing and storage, as well as targeted release along the digestive tract, are discussed.
Thermal Management System for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used as power sources in the automotive and energy storage industries due to prominent features such as their high energy density, high power output, low self-discharge rate and minimal memory effect. Nevertheless, the performances of LIBs are greatly affected by operating temperature: a higher temperature can cause accelerated battery degradation, with a shortened lifetime and even thermal runaway; a lower temperature can cause reduced capacity, leading to issues such as mileage anxiety and sudden power failure. The Special Issue "Thermal Management System for Lithium-Ion Batteries" has thus been developed to address the ever-increasing thermal management requirements for batteries across various application scenarios.
Advanced Studies in Maintaining Post-harvest Quality of Fruits and Vegetables
The characteristics of taste, flavor, and nutrition; safety during postharvest; and the minimal use of processing, fresh-cutting, and fermentation. Increasing demand has sparked interest in preserving quality, enhancing safety, and extending shelf life. However, fruits and vegetables are prone to tissue damage, wound respiration, water loss, transpiration, ethylene production, enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and secondary metabolite production during storage, transportation, and sale along the supply chain. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for new preservation technologies that can maintain the quality of fruits and vegetables. This reprint reviews some preservation technologies, such as physical preservation, chemical preservation, and preharvest treatment, that have the potential to improve the quality and safety of fruits and vegetables. It promotes more in-depth communication among professional and technical personnel in the field of horticultural postharvest preservation technology, thereby improving postharvest quality, ensuring product safety, and serving the healthy development of the horticultural industry.
Protecting Endangered Species
The aim of this reprint is to immerse the reader in the latest studies on the conservation of endanger animals. The global biodiversity loss is a growing problem, and more species are becoming endangered and are at risk of extinction. Due to the development of human society, the space left for wildlife has become more limited. Therefore, saving endangered species and conserving biodiversity represent a matter of urgency. Due to the vulnerability of endangered animals and their sensitivity to environmental degradation and human disturbance, they need to be given more attention. Therefore, research on the conservation of endangered species has naturally become a hotspot in the field of ecology and conservation biology. Studies have shown that animals adapt to the ambient environment through their physiological regulation and behavioral strategies. Animals with strong ecological adaptability are able to resist uncertain changes in the environment. However, in the context of dramatic changes in the environment, the species that are less adaptable require more attention. In this reprint, we collected 18 papers that relate to the conservation of endangered and threatened animals. These papers cover some important aspects of endangered species conservation, such as ecological adaptation of animals, habitat alteration, climate change, population dynamics of endangered animals, conservation translocation, conservation genetics, pollution effect on animals, and construction of protected areas. We hope that this reprint will allow readers to understand the current trends in the conservation of endangered animals.
Evolution and Speciation in Fungi and Eukaryotic Biodiversity
Being sessiles like autotrophic plants and heterotrophics as animals, fungi are fascinating eukaryotes. In them, the need for external digestion has demanded surface expansion and limited tissues to
Depressariidae
Microlepidoptera of Europe: Depressariidae is the tenth volume in this series, providing descriptions and illustrations which will enable identification of all 192 species. For preparation more than 10000 specimens have been studied, including East Palearctic species. Barcodes were taken from nearly 3000 specimens. As a result, 28 species were described as new to science, 22 of these present in Europe. For the first time in a guide to species identification in a family of European Microlepidoptera traditional taxonomy based on morphology is backed up by molecular evidence. The last revision of the family which covered all Europe was published in 1910.
Menopause‐associated disorders
The symptoms of menopause can be upsetting, especially as they occur at a time when women have essential roles in society, within the family, and at the workplace. Hormonal fluctuations that begin during the menopausal transition affect many biological systems.Accordingly, the signs and symptoms of menopause include: metabolic disorders; central nervous system-related disorders; cardiovascular and musculoskeletal changes, urogenital and skin atrophy. The physiological basis of these manifestations is emerging as complex and related to declining estrogen and progesterone and rising follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
Toxicity Profile of Ether Fraction of Aqueous Mango Stem Bark Extract
Toxicity of ether fraction of aqueous extract of mango stem bark. provided some biochemical profile of administration of safe dose subliter dose and acute toxic dose of the extract in animal model study to provide indication for effect on human when administered as a nutricetical. the study was carried out to simulate the manner in which the extract is used in tradomedical practice in Nigeria. The LD50 was initially determined to safe dose.
Effect of plant extracts on bacteria
This book reports on activities carried out at the Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias of the Universidade Estadual do Maranh瓊o - CESC/UEMA, with funding from the Funda癟瓊o de Amparo ? Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient穩fico e Tecnol籀gico do Maranh瓊o - FAPEMA. This research was carried out during my stay in the Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health. Under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Francisco Laurindo da Silva, the research focused on carrying out tests to verify the efficiency of plants used by the community against Gram-negative bacteria, but with an antibacterial purpose that has not yet been proven. This work was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory at CESC/UEMA. It was necessary to count on the help of collaborators in the day-to-day laboratory activities such as the FACID Laboratory Technician - Esmeralda and academics Francilene de Sousa Vieira and Gleciane Costa de Sousa. This research is extremely important given the large number of people who are increasingly becoming resistant to the antibiotics available on the market.
