Plant MicroRNAs and Stress Response
This book reviews the recent updates in plant microRNAs, biogenesis and functions, computational tools and bioinformatics, regulation of plant growth and development, expression studies, and role of plant miRNAs in various biotic and abiotic stress-response regulation in plants.
Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences
The reprint "Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences: In Honor of Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde (JJ)" aims to honor the scientist and former Editor-in-Chief of Pharmaceuticals (2015 to 2022), Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde, being an organic chemist, his vision and his important contributions to the success of the journal, including fostering a friendly atmosphere between the journal and Section Editors, have been essential and are highly appreciated. With his enthusiasm and dedication- recognized by all-he has promoted the publication of many original and review articles as well as Special Issues for the journal. As an individual, he is known to be remarkably kind, wise, and open-minded. It is our privilege to honor him with a Special Issue that reflects the most recent advances in pharmaceutical sciences.
Effect of plant extracts on bacteria
This book reports on activities carried out at the Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias of the Universidade Estadual do Maranh瓊o - CESC/UEMA, with funding from the Funda癟瓊o de Amparo ? Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient穩fico e Tecnol籀gico do Maranh瓊o - FAPEMA. This research was carried out during my stay in the Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health. Under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Francisco Laurindo da Silva, the research focused on carrying out tests to verify the efficiency of plants used by the community against Gram-negative bacteria, but with an antibacterial purpose that has not yet been proven. This work was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory at CESC/UEMA. It was necessary to count on the help of collaborators in the day-to-day laboratory activities such as the FACID Laboratory Technician - Esmeralda and academics Francilene de Sousa Vieira and Gleciane Costa de Sousa. This research is extremely important given the large number of people who are increasingly becoming resistant to the antibiotics available on the market.
The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms
"...I was led to keep in my study during many months worms in pots filled with earth, I became interested in them, and wished to learn how far they acted consciously..." - Charles Darwin, The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms (1881)The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits (1881) includes original illustrations and highlights the extensive research and study of Darwin's landmark discoveries on soil formation, later termed soil bioturbation, as well as his fascination with earthworm behavior. In his last scientific book, published shortly before his death, Darwin documents with zest the earthworm's sexual passions and social interactions, as well as their significant contributions to the earth's ecosystem.This in-depth research is a must-read for lovers of ecology and biology.
Lignocellulosic Biomass Refining for Second Generation Biofuel Production
The book compiles research aspects of second generation (2G) biofuel production specifically sourced from lignocellulose biomass with the direction of biorefinery means. It focuses on the valorization of different sources, constituents of lignocelluloses and their potential characteristics, end utilization of biofuel from production.
The Biodemography of Ageing and Longevity
Why and how we age are probably two of science's oldest questions, echoing personal beliefs and concerns about our own finitude. From the earliest musings of ancient philosophers to recent pharmacological trials aimed at slowing ageing and prolonging longevity, these questions have fascinated scientists across time and fields of research. Taking advantage of the natural diversity of ageing trajectories, within and across species, this interdisciplinary volume provides a comprehensive view of the recent advances in ageing and longevity through a biodemographic approach. It includes the key facts, theories, ongoing fields of investigation, big questions, and new avenues for research in ageing and longevity, as well as considerations on how extending longevity integrates into the social and environmental challenges that our society faces. This is a useful resource for students and researchers curious to unravel the mysteries of longevity and ageing, from their origins to their consequences, across species, space and time.
Reduction of Bioburden by Optimizing Gamma Dose for Enhancing Export Value of Pakistani Peaches
Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Chemistry - Bio-chemistry, grade: A, course: Biotechnology, language: English, abstract: Peach is the most commonly eaten stone fruit which grows in the temperate regions of the world. These are also among the most exported fruits in term of volume and value. Peaches, being perishable and susceptible to microbial spoilage, have a short shelflife. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on the microbiological and organoleptic properties of peaches and secondly, to determine the effects of irradiation on shelf-life of the fruit. The fruit (local variety, No.4), at proper maturity stage was collected and irradiated with 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75kGy dose, stored under refrigerated (4 o C) conditions for a period of three weeks. Total viable count, Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae count, Salmonella-Shigella count, yeast and mold count, loss in weight and decay percentage was evaluated after 7, 14 and 21 days of storage (4 o C). Data obtained from microbiological and sensory evaluations of irradiated peaches was compared with the observations obtained from unirradiated (control) samples. Microbial evaluation of the fruits revealed the presence of Salmonella sonnie on SS agar and non fermentor spp. on macConkey agar. Ten types of yeasts were isolated on potato dextrose agar and analyzed microscopically. Studies showed total bacterial, yeast and molds significantly decreased with increasing dose level. The sensory evaluation of the fruits revealed that irradiation preserves the texture and appearance of fruit. The gamma-irradiation dose of 0.75kGy proved to be effective in reducing weight loss and significantly (p
Migraine Neuroscience
Migraine is a prevalent and burdensome neurological disorder characterized by throbbing headaches, sensory disturbances, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. Due to its severe symptoms and limited treatment options, migraines place a significant burden on people, society, and the economy. The pathophysiology of migraine involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Recent advancements in migraine research have highlighted the significance of experimental models in unraveling the molecular and cellular pathways underlying migraine attacks. This Special Issue delves into cutting-edge research on migraine neuroscience, focusing on experimental models and therapeutic targets to enhance our understanding of migraine pathophysiology and improve patient outcomes. The ultimate goal is to develop targeted therapies that effectively manage migraine symptoms and alleviate the impact of this disorder on individuals' quality of life. Bridging the gap between basic science discoveries and clinical applications remains challenging, necessitating interdisciplinary collaborations and the integration of diverse fields such as neuroscience, genetics, and pharmacology. Leveraging advanced technologies is crucial in identifying novel therapeutic strategies and potential targets for migraine treatment.
Medical Bacteriology. Volume 13
Bacteriology is the branch and speciality of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics, identification, classification and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. Bacteriology is important in medicine, public health and sanitation work, agriculture, food-processing, and industry. The importance of bacteriology is undeniable; in fact, the study of the action of bacteria in health and in disease, inside and outside the animal body, has revealed so many new facts. Major advances in bacteriology over the last century resulted in the development of many effective vaccines (e.g., pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid). This book is a review of the medically important aspects of bacteriology and covers both the basic and clinical aspects of bacteriology, and also discusses important infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. This book presents current, medically important information about non-tuberculous mycobacteria.
Salinity tolerance mechanisms
Alriplex halimus L. is an important forage plant in Mediterranean arid zones. The aim of this study is to identify, within the natural genetic diversity of a population, the types that can behave optimally under certain saline conditions. We focused our observations on the in vitro behavior of plants watered with a saline solution composed of NaCl +CaCl2 at 400 and 600 meq, and with 50% diluted and undiluted seawater. The morphological, physiological, biochemical and anatomical parameters involved in adaptation to salinity were examined, and the results showed that the plant's water status indicators were sensitive to variations in substrate salt content. In addition, the use of two types of substrate with increasing salt concentrations produced structural and biochemical variations in the plants tested. However, the behavior of these plants with regard to the origin of the salt is not always similar, and it would appear necessary to take this reaction into account in order to better understand the complexity of the mechanisms that enable the plant to adapt to the salt.
Alcohol and Nicotine Effects on Psychological and Genetic Factors
This book is a description about the study of Alcohol and Nicotine Consumption, its Psychological and Genetic Association among the Pana and Munda Communities in Sukinda Block of Jajpur District, Odisha, India. Alcohol studies are not new for anthropologist. Since 19th century, an "anthropological perspective" has been alive and well in field work and writing about alcohol consumption among newly discovered populations and ancient cultures. An alcoholic means a Pearson, alcoholism means illness. Alcoholism is a long term (chronic) disease otherwise known as Alcohol Use disorder (AUD). The persons who consume alcohol are obsessed with alcohol and cannot control how much they consume, even if it is causing serious problems at home, work and financially. This book is a clear description about the effects of alcohol and nicotine on body of tribal community and changes on their psychological and genetic features due to prolonged use. The book language is lucid and is a handy material for students and researchers of Anthropology field.
The Molecular Dialogue of Living Cells
This manuscript explores the general vocabulary of cellular communication, enabling us to define a range of concepts. It provides comprehensive instruction on cellular signaling and the analysis of regulatory cascades. These cascades empower a cell to influence the behavior of nearby cells and those at a distance. They facilitate the coordination of activities in a specific manner and enable the adjustment of gene expression programs in response to environmental signals.
A text book of Medical Virology
Welcome to this Textbook of virology, this book offers insights into the nature of viruses, their biology, and their impact on human health. We start with an overview of virology, covering the general characteristics, discovery, morphology and taxonomy of viruses. Subsequent chapters focus on virus cultivation techniques used in laboratories, emphasizing both DNA and RNA viruses, their structures, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of disease caused by these viruses. Additionally, we discuss antiviral agents, detailing how these medications function and their importance in treating viral infections. Each chapter is designed to provide a solid foundation in virology, and to be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate microbiology students, researchers, and healthcare professionals concerned with the significance of viruses in public health.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a common malignancy that primarily affects women but can also occur in men. It arises from the uncontrolled growth of breast cells, often forming a lump or mass. Early detection through mammography and self-examination significantly increases the chances of successful treatment. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, hormonal influences, age, and lifestyle factors like diet and exercise. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer and may involve surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy. Advances in personalized medicine have improved outcomes for many patients. Awareness and regular screenings are crucial for early intervention.
Pesticides in Agriculture
Pesticides have been used since ancient times and they can be chemical or natural-based. Pesticides are used to manage weeds and insect invasion in agriculture and also to control various pests and disease-carrying organisms, such as mice, rats, ticks, and mosquitoes, in houses, offices, and shops. Approximately one-third of agricultural production depends on the different types of pesticide applications. The widespread production and usage of chemical pesticides in modern agriculture have detrimental health impacts on both humans and animals and harm the natural environment. Thus, besides chemical pesticides, farmers use different environmentally friendly biopesticides such as microorganism-based, phytochemical, and others. Pesticides and their residues leach into the lower levels of soil, contaminating groundwater and the whole environment. There are some drawbacks to chemical and physical pesticide degradation methods. Bioremediation of pesticides by using plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) is an alternative to chemical and physical methods because it is environment friendly and more efficient.
Cellulase
Cellulase, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose into simpler sugars, holds great potential for various industrial applications. This study focuses on the production of cellulase using Aspergillus species and its application in the removal of cellulose from jackfruit husk, a commonly available agricultural waste. The enzymatic production process involves the cultivation of Aspergillus strains under optimized fermentation conditions, including pH, temperature, and nutrient availability. The extraction and purification of cellulase from the fungal biomass are achieved through various separation techniques, such as centrifugation and chromatography.This study demonstrates the potential of Aspergillus derived cellulase in the efficient removal of cellulose from jackfruit husk, highlighting the enzyme's importance in the valorisation of agricultural waste. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly approaches for cellulose degradation, promoting the utilization of renewable resources for various industrial applications.
Research Studies on Combined medicinal plants
The medicinal plants are found over many regions and under various conditions. Some are rare and some are very common. Certain plants that are very common, easily available and can be grown easily which are often used in day to day life by many people. Plants are also consumed daily by men as a source of food. Two of such food products are M.koenigii and A.racemosus which possess vital medicinal values. M.koenigii is commonly known as curry leaves. It's naturally found in India, Sri Lanka and other south Asian countries. It has an aromatic nature and possesses a strong atypical smell. Traditionally M.koenigii leaves are used for treating various ailments.
Biology of populations and organisms
The population occupies, in the hierarchy of life, an intermediate level between that of individuals and that of communities. We can define a population as a set of individuals of the same species who share a common habitat (and a community as a set of populations of different species, sharing a common habitat). Under these two apparently simple criteria (conspecificity, cohabitation) lies in fact a vast potential often complex interactions, linked in particular to the needs of reproduction, the inevitability of competition, or even the opportunities for cooperation.The study of populations (dynamics, genetics, age or kinship structures, etc.), in their spatial and temporal dimensions, thus constitutes the best introduction to fundamental mechanisms of ecology and evolution. It is with this in mind that we must approach this course.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. Alzheimer's is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles in the brain, leading to the degeneration of neurons and synaptic loss. Early symptoms include mild memory loss and confusion, which gradually progress to severe cognitive decline, difficulty in communication, disorientation, and loss of independent functioning.The exact cause of Alzheimer's remains unclear, but risk factors include age, genetics, family history, and lifestyle. Current treatments focus on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression, though there is no cure. Research is ongoing to better understand the mechanisms behind Alzheimer's and develop more effective therapies. Early detection and intervention, combined with lifestyle changes such as mental stimulation, exercise, and a healthy diet, may help reduce the risk or delay the onset of the disease.
Reversal of Testicular Damage Following Protein-calories Malnutrition
Malnutrition exerts an inhibitory effect on the reproductive function.The objective of this work was to study the effects of severe protein deficiency (diet 2% casein and 0% methionine) in Wistar rats prepubescent on body and testicular weight. A significant decrease in the weight happens during this phase. By the 30th day of deficiency, the animals stabilize their weight. Indicating their ability to adapt to the "stress" nutrition.Histological examination of the testes revealed a blockage in the spermatogenic lineage stage spermatids or rare sperm.After refueling (diet 20% casein and 0.3% methionine), there is recovery of body weight and glandular.We also note the lifting of the inhibition of reproductive function and distribution of spermatozoa in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
Nano-Alpha Lipoic Acid Against Aluminum Neurotoxicity
Aluminum (Al) is a common environmental metal with high human exposure potential through water, food, air, medications, and dust, linked to neurotoxic effects like speech and motor issues, tremors, dyspraxia, and cognitive decline. Research highlights Al's impact on neurobehavioral and neurophysiological health, leading to inflammation, cell apoptosis, and lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. As the brain is especially vulnerable to Al toxicity due to elevated oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant therapies could offer protection against this oxidative damage. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), a natural antioxidant, shows promise in mitigating brain oxidative injury, though its low solubility, short half-life, and degradation susceptibility pose challenges. Nanotechnology, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), can overcome these limitations by enhancing α-LA's stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. Chitosan (Cs), a biodegradable, non-toxic polysaccharide, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs), stable at various temperatures, provide effective delivery options, improving drug stability.
Food Irradiation
"Food Irradiation: An Emerging Method of Food Preservation" provides a comprehensive, up-to-date account of food irradiation principles, effects, applications, and limitations, including global regulations regarding food irradiation. This book focuses on science and technology and offers thorough coverage of the current use of food irradiation around the world. "Food Irradiation: An Emerging Method of Food Preservation" discusses topics such as "Principles of food irradiation, Sources of food irradiation, Mechanisms of food irradiation, Effects on food properties, Applications of food irradiation, Good manufacturing practices, and Good irradiation practices, Detection methods for irradiated products and Labeling of irradiated products". Food professionals in both academia and industry, as well as food safety experts, food scientists, research scientists, and food processing managers, will find "Food Irradiation: An Emerging Method of Food Preservation" a reliable and valuable reference.
Chondrogenic Stem Cells Isolation from Dental Pulp
Stem cells develop into any type of cells to form the different types of tissue in the human body. They are characterized in the ability of self-renewal, development, growth and repair of their own cells. It is present in all living organism from their early stage of life and towards the end. Stem cell research has the development of therapies for injuries, cancer treatments and other disease. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are source of cells for regenerative medicine application as those possess high proliferation potential with multi-lineage differentiation compare to other sources of adult stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibit a multipotent character as they can differentiate into chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and myocytes. This study focuses on the isolation of chondrogenic stem cells from dental pulp. These cells were cultured in DMEM medium for 21 days and the growth of the cells were observed. It was characterized by immunofluorescence staining method and differentiated by using PCR primers (GAPDH, RUNX2).
To Evaluate the Prolonged exposure to BTEX Compounds on human genetics
Inhalation of pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been shown to have many side-effects on human health. A group referred to as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and the three isomers of xylene) has been found to be potentially hazardous to environmental and human health. These volatile chemicals are genotoxic compounds. Inhaling these volatile compounds can produce DNA damage in the form of strand breaks. If the level of such DNA damage is high, result in somatic mutations and also in certain genetic effects and it can produce pathological changes in various tissues or systems in the body. This may be carried over to subsequent generations. Hence it is highly important to test the chemical compounds in the environment of man for their mutagenicity. In the present study clearly indicates that the level of DNA damage in petrol pump workers is significantly high, if such damage persists in them it may leads to clinical problems. They should take preventive measures to reduce the exposure to such vapor and thereby avoid clinical problems in future.
Most Delicious Poison
An evolutionary biologist tells the story of nature's toxins and why we are attracted--and addicted--to them, in this "magisterial, fascinating, and gripping tour de force" (Neil Shubin). A deadly secret lurks within our spice racks, medicine cabinets, backyard gardens, and private stashes. Scratch beneath the surface of a coffee bean, a red pepper flake, a poppy seed, a mold spore, a foxglove leaf, a magic-mushroom cap, a marijuana bud, or an apple seed, and we find a bevy of strange chemicals. We use these to greet our days (caffeine), titillate our tongues (capsaicin), recover from surgery (opioids), cure infections (penicillin), mend our hearts (digoxin), bend our minds (psilocybin), calm our nerves (CBD), and even kill our enemies (cyanide). But why do plants and fungi produce such chemicals? And how did we come to use and abuse some of them? Based on cutting-edge science in the fields of evolution, chemistry, and neuroscience, Most Delicious Poison reveals: The origins of toxins produced by plants, mushrooms, microbes, and even some animals The mechanisms that animals evolved to overcome them How a co-evolutionary arms race made its way into the human experience And much more This perpetual chemical war not only drove the diversification of life on Earth, but also is intimately tied to our own successes and failures. You will never look at a houseplant, mushroom, fruit, vegetable, or even the past five hundred years of human history the same way again.
Principles of Parasitology
Welcome to Principles of Parasitology, a comprehensive textbook designed to explore the fascinating world of parasitic organisms and their interactions with hosts. Parasitology is a dynamic field that spans the spectrum from molecular biology to global public health, encompassing diverse organisms that have evolved intricate strategies for survival and transmission.This textbook aims to provide a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles underlying parasitology, catering to students, researchers, and professionals in various disciplines including biology, medicine, veterinary science, and public health. Whether you are delving into the intricate life cycles of protozoan parasites, the morphological adaptations of helminths, or the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases, this book serves as your guide to unraveling the complexities of parasitic infections.
Dietary Factors in Bone Health
Ageing induces an increased prevalence of chronic skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration/herniation. Dietary nutrition is an essential factor for skeletal health, the level of which is relatively easy to modify. For certain kinds of nutrients, including calcium and vitamin D, adequate dietary intake helps to reduce the risk of bone diseases. That said, some other kinds of dietary constituents, like fat and carbohydrates, play a much more complex role in bone health. It is both challenging and promising to study the role of dietary factors in degenerative bone and joint disorders, and to achieve "healthy ageing" with the adjustment of dietary nutrition. This Special Issue, entitled "Dietary Factors in Bone Health", highlights the importance of dietary factors for bone health, including both basic and clinical studies. The papers collected in this Special Issue focus on the effects of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, and polyphenols, as well as other nutritional factors, on bone health around the world, providing the latest understanding in the development of the field.
Upstream Bioprocesses to Biomass-Based Platform Chemicals and Derivatives
In a global situation marked by the need to find new material and energy resources, as well as novel processes and procedures that improve the efficiency of the use of any resource, plant biomass has been shown to be an excellent set of raw materials for obtaining products that can compete with and ultimately replace chemical products from the petrochemical industry. The main characteristic of plant biomass is its renewability, in clear contrast to fossil sources. In fact, the capacity of terrestrial and marine plants to fix inorganic matter, including carbon dioxide, through photosynthesis, makes it possible to generate enormous quantities of matter, this so-called plant biomass (about 187 million tons of this biomass is created annually). The implementation of new products and processes from this biomass will avoid stresses to the food and feed markets, while potentially substituting materials, chemicals and, in part, energy vectors from fossil resources. However, its structure is refractory to transformation and requires numerous physical, chemical, and biological or biocatalytic treatments to facilitate its transformation into platform chemicals or organic industrial intermediates and, ultimately, into the numerous chemicals and materials demanded by society. This Special Issue collects several papers devoted to the processes and operations that, with the help of enzymes, microorganisms, and higher organisms, allow for the access and transformation of biomass into chemical intermediates or platform chemicals.
Advances in Neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammation, mediated by the formation of multiple cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, etc., has been found to be involved in the aetiopathology of a plethora of neurological diseases. Accumulating evidence from clinical and preclinical studies has validated the great potential of neuroinflammation in the research perspective in terms of mechanism and treatment studies. This Special Issue, organized by Dr. Junhui Wang (Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada), Dr. Jing Sun (Capital Medical University, Beijing China), and Dr. Hongxing Wang (Xuan Wu Hospital), collated 10 articles from across the globe and discussed new findings about the potential role of neuroinflammation in neurological diseases, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, the study of the chemical processes within and related to living organisms, serves as a bridge between biology and chemistry, providing a molecular understanding of the complex mechanisms that drive life. This textbook is designed to offer a comprehensive introduction to the principles and applications of biochemistry, catering to the needs of undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professionals in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and life sciences.
Bioinformatics Unleashed
Bioinformatics Unleashed: Advanced Techniques in Genomic Data Science explores the intersection of biology and computational science, addressing the challenges and innovations in analyzing genomic data. As the volume of biological data continues to expand exponentially due to advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies, there is a pressing need for sophisticated analytical tools and methodologies. This book aims to equip researchers, students, and professionals with the latest techniques in genomic data analysis, ranging from foundational algorithms to advanced machine learning applications. The text delves into various key areas, including genome sequencing and assembly, data mining, functional genomics, and personalized medicine. Through a comprehensive examination of both theoretical concepts and practical applications, it emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in harnessing bioinformatics for scientific discovery. Additionally, the book addresses the ethical implications of genomic research and the need for robust data management practices.
Commercial Broiler Production
This book is a practical guide for small scale poultry farmers to begin with commercial poultry farming. It will help the farmers to develop the entrepreneurship skills and earn their daily wages on a constant basis. This book includes the exposure of the readers to different managemental skills for profitable poultry farming. The different titles in the book include: brooding and feeding management, biosecuity measures, health care attension, marketting etc.
Single Biomolecule Detection and Analysis
The reference text discusses various micro/nanodevice design, and fabrication for single-biomolecules detection. It will be an ideal reference text for graduate students and professionals in diverse subject areas including materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and nanoscience.
Biomotors and their Nanobiotechnology Applications
From top academics at First Conference on Biomotors, Virus Assembly, and Nanobiotechnology Applications, this book reviews the mechanistic detail of motor proteins and structural DNA and RNA species, and demonstrates how researchers are beginning to utilize this in-depth knowledge to produce new and exciting advances in nanotechnology.
Biogeochemistry of Wetlands
The globally-important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems.
Cognition-Based Evolution
Cognition-Based Evolution is the first comprehensive alternative to 20th-century Neodarwinism, proposing a radical 21st-century evolutionary framework with a novel point of origination: all cells are intelligent and must measure uncertain environmental information to sustain themselves. In Cognition-Based Evolution, life is defined by cognition. From this differential stance, evolutionary biology transforms into the science of why, how, what, and with whom cells measure and communicate under stressful environmental conditions. Life's context is uncertain environmental information, communication is its means, and genes are its tools. Evolution is its yield as continuous non-random self-referential cellular problem-solving.
The Origin of Species (Collector's Edition) (Laminated Hardback with Jacket) with Index
Collector's Edition Laminated Hardback with Jacket In The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin introduces his groundbreaking theory of evolution through natural selection, which posits that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors. This work, published in 1859, challenged the prevailing scientific and religious views of the time by proposing that species evolve gradually through a process of adaptation to their environments. Darwin meticulously details observations from his voyage on the HMS Beagle and presents extensive evidence from nature to support his arguments. His ideas about "survival of the fittest" suggest that those organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing advantageous traits on to future generations.Darwin's theory sparked significant debate, influencing not only science but also social and philosophical thought. In The Origin of Species encouraged further study in various fields, paving the way for modern biology and genetics. Its impact extended beyond biology, prompting discussions on humanity's place in the natural world and altering the course of scientific inquiry. Despite initial resistance, Darwin's work has become a foundational text in evolutionary biology, inspiring countless studies and remaining one of the most influential scientific works in history.
Outlines of Wool Science and Technology
"Outlines of Wool Science and Technology" offers a comprehensive look into wool, fur, pelt, and specialty fibers within the processing industry. It starts with an introduction to these materials and their relevance to the industry. The book includes a glossary of wool processing terms to aid understanding. It details the basic structure and development of the wool follicle, followed by post-shearing operations, classification, and grading of wool. It explores the physical and chemical properties of wool, impurities, and factors affecting its quality. Additionally, the book provides a brief overview of the wool processing stages. This succinct yet detailed summary presents an invaluable resource for those involved in wool science and technology, providing both foundational knowledge and advanced insights.
Genetic Fidelity of in Vitro Raised Plants of Gloriosa Superbal
Gloriosa superba L. is an important medicinal plant species belonging to the family Colchicaceae. It is a perennial tuberous climbing herb having an attractive wavy-edged orange-red flower. The conventional method of propagation of this plant is through tubers which is slow and remains dormant underground during dry months (September- March). Its production is seasonal having susceptibility toward many pests. The poor propagation coupled with over-exploitation by the local population as well as pharmaceutical companies are the main factors responsible for its diminishing population size. So, it has been affirmed as an endangered plant by the IUCN Red Data Book. Hence, there is an urgent need to conserve this plant. Therefore, micropropagation is an alternate and effective method to overcome all the problems. It is believed, that the findings of such studies would help develop suitable protocols for conservation and its sustainable use.
Characterization of Microbial Contamination in Local Food Handlers
Food borne diseases are common infections caused by the pathogens found on the hands of food handlers. Samples are taken from the hands of food handlers and found to have a high risk of infection. We have established a task to assess indicators of microbial contamination in various public food serving units A total of 66 samples were taken from food handlers from street food vendors, tea stalls, canteen/mess, Dhaba and restaurants. Of the 66 samples collected, 50% of the samples showed the microbial contamination. The samples were divided into 5 groups (Restaurants, Dhaba/food shops, College canteen/mess, Tea stall/Shake shops, Street food vendors). Then street food vendors group has most prominent contamination. The E. coli was the found most abundant microbes in all the samples followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus species and Citrobacter spp. Following the isolation and characterization the microorganisms. As the results indicate that the hands of food handlers are a potential vector for the transmission of foodborne diseases, a pragmatic strategy to make street food safe was needed.
Toxicity and Applications of Green Nanoparticles
The book intends to present an advanced concepts regarding the synthesis, applications and toxicological aspects of green nanoparticles. At present, there is meager of scientific content in the field of synthesis and applications of green nanoparticles. The book provides recent applications of green nanoparticles. The book also provides wide coverage of toxicity aspects of green nanoparticles and their prospects. This book will be of immense helpful for academicians and researchers across the globe. The book comprises of an important collection of topics in the field of nanobiotechnology and cover various aspects of synthesis and applications of green nanoparticles.The book will be included in the library of various universities and research institutions across the globe. Students and academicians will get the insight information about the synthesis of green nanoparticles and their promising and rapid applications in health.
Principles of Genetics
Genetics is the study of heredity and variation in living organisms. At its core are several key principles that govern how traits are passed from generation to generation. Heredity: Traits are inherited from parents through the transmission of genetic information encoded in DNA. Mendelian Inheritance: Gregor Mendel's inheritance laws, including segregation and independent assortment, describe how genes are passed down and expressed in offspring. Genetic Variation: Genetic variation arises from mutations, genetic recombination, and gene flow, contributing to diversity within and between populations. Gene Expression: The process of gene expression involves transcription of DNA into RNA and translation of RNA into proteins, which determine an organism's traits and functions. Genetic Disorders: Mutations and genetic abnormalities can lead to genetic disorders, affecting health and development. Population Genetics: Population genetics studies genetic variation and evolution within populations, including factors such as natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow.
The Other Big Bang
Winner, 2025 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Sex shapes who we are as individuals and as a species. Where in the mists of time did something so important--and eye-catching--originate, and what does this history tell us about ourselves? Why do we have sex, and sexes, at all? In The Other Big Bang, the evolutionary and developmental biologist Eric S. Haag explores the two-billion-year history of sex, from the first organisms on Earth to contemporary humans. He delves into the deep history of sexual reproduction, from its origins as a fix for a mutational crisis to an essential feature of all complex life. Haag traces sexual differentiation from its earliest forms in microbes to its elaboration in animals, showing why sex differences in cells and organisms help species adapt, persist, and evolve. Humanity's clear sexual kinship with yeast and clams exists even as we evolved differences that distinguish us from other mammals, and even other apes. Bringing the story up to the present, Haag argues that the evolutionary history of human sexuality helps us better understand contemporary society. Our ancient male-female sexual system remains an important fact of life, even as we see increasingly diverse sexual orientations, gender expressions, and parenthood choices. Witty and inviting, The Other Big Bang offers a clear view of the evolutionary roots of human sexuality and their significance today.
Oxidative stress in Streptococcus buccale
This study explores oxidative stress in Streptococcus buccale, highlighting its role in pathogenesis and toxin production. Oxidative stress, generated by both internal and external factors, influences the virulence of this bacterium. Metalloenzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, act as antioxidant defenses, protecting the bacteria from reactive oxygen species. The toxins produced, notably exotoxins, affect host cells, with potentially neurological implications. The accumulation of these toxins in the brain could lead to adverse effects on cognitive health. The interaction between oxidative stress and toxin production highlights the importance of future research to develop targeted treatments. The results also point to significant links with various oral and neurological diseases, reinforcing the importance of an integrated approach to health.
Mode of action of bacterial toxins and toxin therapy
Bacterial toxins were the first molecules identified as responsible for serious bacterial diseases in humans and animals. They are extremely diverse in terms of size, structure, receptor, enzymatic activity and specific mode of action. Recently, a major effort has been made to unravel the mechanisms of action of these molecules. These include extracellular activity, forming membrane pores, and intracellular activity, where many functional proteins are inhibited, such as G proteins, RAS proteins, translation elongation factor 2 and SNAREs proteins. Consequently, bacterial toxins are at the frontier of various disciplines, including bacteriology, cell biology, molecular biology, immunology and vaccinology. In this way, they are applied in a number of therapeutic and aesthetic fields, representing their positive side. This is what we call toxin therapy.
XAS immersion in bioinorganics
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a key tool for studying bioinorganic systems, shedding light on the interactions between metals and biomolecules. This book discusses its principles, experimental techniques and applications, particularly in metalloproteins and catalytic systems. XAS has made it possible to elucidate essential biological mechanisms and to better understand the role of metals in biology. Research into these systems is crucial to biomedicine, particularly for the development of targeted therapies and the prevention of diseases linked to metal imbalances. The study of metal toxicity also underlines the importance of public health and environmental protection. An interdisciplinary approach involving chemists, biologists and environmental specialists is needed to meet these challenges. Thanks to technological advances, XAS will continue to enrich our understanding of vital processes and improve our living conditions.
Parasitology
Parasitology is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of parasites, their hosts, and the interactions between them. Parasites are organisms that live in or on another organism (host) and derive nutrients at the expense of the host's health. Parasitology encompasses a wide range of topics, including parasite morphology, life cycles, ecology, evolution, host-parasite interactions, and the impact of parasites on ecosystems and human health.
Insects and forensic Entomology
Forensics is a hot topic, and many youth have seen forensic entomology practiced in movies and on popular television shows (such as "CSI") as a way to solve crimes such as murder cases, a murder case is something that consistently piques the interest of youth.Is the science that applies Insect Biology in criminal investigations, where insects and other arthropods are used to detect the circumstances of criminal cases? . It is noteworthy that the first use of insects in criminal investigations was in China in 1235, when the mystery of the case of the killing of Chinese farmers was exposed by a deep blow to the village, the village leader asked the farmers to bring their wagons, and put them on the ground, and do not work any movement, The flies collected on one of these machetes and revealed the killer; because of the traces of blood and flesh on his sickle which he used for the crime, despite his diligence in cleaning it to hide his crime; flies attracted to the smell.This incident was first published in China in 1247 in the book The Washing Way of Life, written by the lawyer and interrogator Sung Tz'u.
