Gastrointestinal Parasites
A prospective epidemiological survey of intestinal parasitism was carried out in the Pediatrics and Children's Surgery departments of the El Idrissi Regional Hospital in K矇nitra (Gharb) among 300 hospitalized children. The survey identified 11 intestinal parasites: Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Endolimax nana, Giardia intestinalis, Iodamoeba butchilii, Blastocystis hominis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuira, Enterobius vermicularis, Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana. Of the 300 children, 157 had at least one intestinal parasite (52.7%), with 91 cases of polyparasitism (30.3%). Among the intestinal parasites identified, oxyurosis is the first dominant intestinal parasitosis. The survey revealed that the age group most exposed to intestinal parasites is between one and nine years of age. Deteriorating hygienic and environmental conditions have increased rates of intestinal parasites in children living in rural areas. Most of the parasites identified are the result of poor hygiene, which means that those who carry them are at risk.
Understanding the Nature‒nurture Debate
There are arguably few areas of science more fiercely contested than the question of what makes us who we are. Are we products of our environments or our genes? Is nature the governing force behind our behaviour or is it nurture? While it is now widely agreed that it is a mixture of both, discussions continue as to which is the dominant influence. This unique volume presents a clear explanation of heritability, the ongoing nature versus nurture debate and the evidence that is currently available. Starting at the beginning of the modern nature-nurture debate, with Darwin and Galton, this book describes how evolution posed a challenge to humanity by demonstrating that humans are animals, and how modern social science was necessitated when humans became an object of natural science. It clearly sets out the most common misconceptions such as the idea that heritability means that a trait is 'genetic' or that it is a justification for eugenics.
Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria
60 samples were randomly collected from Kahramanmaraş in Turkey and Duhok in Kurdistan Region-Iraq, the 1st station samples collected from tap water of Kahramanmaraş City Center, while the 2nd station were from random mosque water of Kahramanmaraş City, the 3rd station from Park tap water of Kahramanmaraş City, the 4th station from drinking and used water samples of the environment of Kahramanmaraş City, the 5th station from local bottled water brands (Best-selling brands) purchased randomly covering all Kahramanmaraş city, the 6th station samples collected from Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The 4th station had the maximum values of bacterial contamination compared with other stations, the 3rd station had the second grade, the 2nd station the third grade in this study, the 6th station had the fourth grade; the 1st station had the fifth grade, the 5th station had the final grade. This means that the 5th station was the best station for human health. Ten bacterial species were identified from used and drinking water samples.
Improving mass rearing of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus
Rearing insects in the laboratory is of fundamental importance for obtaining pure, quality biological material for basic or applied entomological studies, as well as pest control in the field. Therefore, the aim of this work was to promote the selection of flying Telenomus remus during mass rearing in the laboratory and to compare morphometric patterns and biological characteristics over 15 generations, as well as the influence of different food sources on the parasitoid's biology, with a view to mass production of insects with better performance in the field.
Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology
Artificial Intelligence, which is also known as AI today, is a new way to make smart tools by modeling human intelligence. A tool that thinks like a human and makes decisions for him. This technology is the same machine programmed by human hands, which is designed with the aim of making everyday tasks easier. Many people think of artificial intelligence as a robot that can be seen physically. In most cases, this concept is presented in the form of a response to human behavior and derived from his interests and tendencies. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad branch of computer science and is considered one of the interdisciplinary sciences. This concept means a machine that thinks like a human and has the ability to imitate human behavior. Such a machine can perform tasks that require human intelligence. Biotech companies are now using AI/ML solutions to develop autonomous robots that perform critical agricultural tasks such as harvesting crops at a much faster rate than humans. Computer Vision and DL algorithms are used to process and analyze data captured by UAVs.
Aroma Compound Evolution during Fermentation
The bacteria, yeast and fungi involved in the fermentation of foods play a significant role in shaping the aroma profile of the final product. Starting materials consist of many precursor molecules that can be transformed into aroma-active compounds through microbial activity, thereby contributing towards a more desired product. By monitoring the timing, mechanisms, and reasons for the release of these compounds, we can work towards achieving a more consistent aroma profile within fermentations, which still remains one of the biggest challenges for producers. This Special Issue contains studies in this field of aroma compound evolution, further advancing our understanding of this topic.
Teaching Plant and Animal Anatomy
Humans have long been interested in discovering the surrounding nature and its creatures, and human curiosity in knowing life led to the birth of the science of biology. Biology refers to the knowledge and study of all living organisms. This dynamic science deals with the origin of living things, their growth and development, and the interaction of living things with other living things and their surroundings. Throughout history, many scientists have dedicated their lives to better understanding the functioning of living organisms and how they relate to each other and the environment. Biology is the study of all living things, including this insect and the plant it sits on. As the name of biology suggests, biology deals with the study of living organisms or organisms that were once alive. The word biology is derived from two Greek words "bios" (meaning life) and "logos" (meaning study). In general, biologists study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.
Interaction between Sugarcane and Environmental Stressors
Increased crop vulnerability to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses can have a marked influence on the productivity of major crops, especially sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), thereby counteracting the potential to achieve the goal of "ZERO HUNGER" proposed by the FAO-UN. To cope with various stresses, plants have evolved complex rapid responses, but crop efficiency is still severely hampered. The prevailing alarming climate change scenario and future changing weather provide challenges for researchers to better understand plant responses, such as the activation of different signal cascades, followed by signal transduction, and triggering the respective gene expression in response to single or combined biotic or abiotic stresses, thus ultimately balancing the trade-off between plant growth and defense.Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in crops, including sugarcane, in deciphering the roles of biomarker genes and signaling pathways that are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Therefore, this reprint will highlight the recent advances made in the utilization of different conventional and modern biotechnological strategies to better understand stress adaptation and tolerance mechanisms in sugarcanes.
The Role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in Infection and Inflammation 2.0
This Special Issue 2.0 continues the conceptional line started in the previous Special Issue, focusing on the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their related signaling pathways in viral infection and inflammation, and emphasizing the therapeutic potential of TLR system modulation for the treatment of acute viral infections and their long-term sequelae and to provide potential targets for treating chronic viral and inflammatory diseases. This Special Issue provides an excellent collection of contemporary reviews and research articles covering a broad variety of topics, ranging from the protective activity of TLRs in viral infections to detrimental disturbances of the host immune system. The most intriguing theme discussed in this second Special Issue is the intercorrelation between acute viral infections and triggered delayed effects, including neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative long-term sequelae. Notably, new data increasingly show that neurological pathways, such as neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and cognitive and behavioural aspects, may be influenced by innate, TLR-mediated pathways. In this context, the connection between infection-triggered acute disbalance in TLR activation and resulting neurological sequelae following bacterial (sepsis) or viral infections, including long COVID-associated neurological sequelae, may provide new targets for future treatment options.
Plant Biostimulants in Sustainable Horticulture and Agriculture
There is a growing need for food production through sustainable cultivation practices, without reducing crop yield and producer income, due to increased environmental pollution and the gradual degradation of cultivated soils. Various compounds with bioactive properties can be utilized as biostimulants to boost plant growth and development under normal and stressful conditions. So far, six distinct categories of biostimulants have been recognized, including the following: microbial inoculants; humic substances, such as humic and fulvic acids; protein hydrolysates and amino acids; biopolymers; inorganic compounds; and seaweed extracts. All of the above are commercially available and have wide agricultural applications. The most important biostimulant effects on crops are the acceleration of crop establishment, improvements in nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, seed germination, root development, crop performance, and visual quality of the final products, the induction of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors, the increase in perishable products' shelf life, nutrient leaching reduction, the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils, the stimulation of the plant immune system, and the induction of plant defensive biomolecules' biosynthesis. Different classification approaches have been suggested so far, based on either the origin of each biostimulant, such as biological vs. non-biological and microbial vs. non-microbial, or the mode of action, dividing biostimulants into phytohormonal and non-phytohormonal ones.
Yeast Biotechnology 5.0
Yeasts are truly fascinating microorganisms. Due to their diverse and dynamic activities, they have been used to produce many interesting products, such as beer, wine, bread, biofuels and biopharmaceuticals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) is likely the most human-exploited yeast species. Saccharomyces is a popular choice for industrial applications, although its use in beer production dates to at least the sixth millennium BC. Baker's yeast represents a cornerstone of modern biotechnology, enabling the development of efficient production processes for antibiotics, biopharmaceuticals, technical enzymes and ethanol and biofuels. Today, diverse yeast species are explored for industrial applications, such as, e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces patorianus, hybrid brewer's yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia fermentans. This installment-"Yeast Biotechnology 5.0"-continues the "Yeast Biotechnology" Special Issue series of the MDPI journal Fermentation. This Special Issue highlights prominent current research directions in the fields of yeasts as a cell factory (isocitric acid and cannabinoid production), yeast nanobiotechnology (yeast nanomotion), wine yeasts and wine fermentation, brewer's yeast and beer fermentation, yeasts for waste fermentation, coffee fermentation, distillery fermentation and ruminal fermentation and yeasts as probiotics.
Molecular Targets of Oxidative Stress
Oxidative stress, known to increase the risk of multiple metabolic and chronic disorders or cancer development, is defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the capacity of antioxidants to counteract the deleterious effects of oxidants. To regulate the oxidation/reduction (redox) balance, numerous antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidants exist. Free radicals activate transcription factors to promote antioxidant production and mitochondrial biogenesis. One of these transcription factors, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is a master regulator of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Indeed, Nrf2 contributes to redox balance by initiating the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in antioxidant and cytoprotective responses. A better understanding of the molecular targets of oxidative stress and their interaction with the Nrf2 signaling pathway would strengthen the relevance of their preventive or therapeutic use in health and diseases. Most of the studies presented in this Special Issue were dedicated to multiple metabolic and chronic disorders or cancer development. They contribute to improving our understanding of the molecular targets of oxidative stress and their interaction with the Nrf2 signaling pathway in some oxidative-stress-related diseases.
Fermented Foods and Microbes Related to Health
This collection of articles contributes to our understanding of fermented foods and microbes related to health. Because of their complex constituents and structure, the research on fermented foods and microbes has remained unclear; however, recent research using cutting-edge technologies is gradually elucidating their health benefits. A long history of fermented foods is a strong base for their health benefits. Many previous medical doctors and researchers have documented the health benefits of fermented foods. This includes interdisciplinary and high-quality articles on the health aspects of fermented foods and microbes. This collection covers a wide area of research on fermented foods and microbes, such as gut microbes, anti-inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, and hirsutism. Readers will be surprised that apparently irrelevant phenomena are related to the benefits of fermented foods and microbes. The included articles have been peer-reviewed rigorously. Readers will acquire a giant's-shoulder view of the present understanding of the health benefits of fermented foods and microbes.
Exosomes in Cancers Therapy
In recent years, small extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, have emerged as new delivery vehicles in cancer treatment. These 30-150 nm vesicles play a critical role in cellular communication and also offer a new approach to drug delivery. Exosomes carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and their unique ability to naturally facilitate intercellular communication is opening up new possibilities for targeted drug delivery and immunotherapy in cancer treatment. While cancer-derived exosomes can contribute to tumor growth and metastasis, this same mechanism can be repurposed as a powerful therapeutic tool. Researchers are exploring their use as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as nano-carriers for delivering small molecules and biologics. Their ability to stabilize drugs, cross biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, and low toxicity make them especially attractive for therapeutic applications. This collection of articles focuses on the evolving role of exosomes in cancer therapy, highlighting their benefits and the problems with bringing them into clinical practice. Given the challenges in scaling up cell-derived exosomes for common use, bovine milk and colostrum have emerged as promising and abundant sources for exosome-based drug delivery systems. With their high exosome yield and established safety, milk-derived exosomes could become vital to the future of cancer treatment. The Special Issue also contains articles with preclinical and clinical studies, examining the potential of exosome-based platforms for the oral delivery of cancer drugs and biologics.
Cell Signaling, 2nd Edition
Cell Signaling provides undergraduate and graduate students with the conceptual tools needed to make sense of the dizzying array of pathways that cells use to detect, process, and respond to signals from the environment. By emphasizing the common design principles and molecular processes that underlie all signaling mechanisms, the book develops a broad conceptual framework through which students can understand diverse signaling pathways and networks. The book first examines the common currencies of cellular information processing and the core components of the signaling machinery. It then shows how these individual components link together into networks and pathways to perform more sophisticated tasks. Many specific examples are provided throughout to illustrate common principles, and to provide a comprehensive overview of major signaling pathways.Thoroughly revised, this second edition includes two new chapters and substantial updates to the text and figures throughout the book.Key features: The book provides a conceptual framework through which all signaling pathways can be understood without memorization of details It is extensively illustrated, including high-quality diagrams and schematics to elucidate important concepts and processes Each chapter concludes with a useful summary section that brings together the key concepts End-of-chapter review questions test the reader's understanding of the material covered Two new chapters have been written especially for this edition: "Signaling and Disease" and "Diversity in Signaling across Phylogeny"
Applied Microorganisms and Industrial/Food Enzymes
In the field of modern biotechnology, the development of microbial chassis cells and enzymes based on fermentation engineering has promoted the rapid development of synthetic biology. This reprint, based on the Special Issue "Applied Microorganisms and Industrial/Food Enzymes", integrates the latest advances in synthetic biology with the development and application of microbial cell-factories and enzymes, further promoting research on cutting-edge developments in the fermentation industry.As the main executive components of synthetic biological systems, the evolution and modification technology of enzyme molecules can help construct and optimize new pathways in microbial systems, thereby realizing the application of new cell factories in the fermentation industry.On the other hand, the function of complex microbial communities in traditional fermentation processes is also based on the synergistic effects between enzyme molecules. This allows microorganisms to synthesize important natural products, which are difficult or impossible to produce using traditional methods.The research studies presented in this reprint not only showcase the current state of industrial fermentation technology but also anticipate the future trends driven by synthetic biology. With these advancements, we can optimize existing biochemistry processes and develop more powerful microbial strains, providing a broader range of options for industrial applications.
Emerging Translational Research in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases
This topic, "Emerging Translational Research in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases: From In Vitro to In Vivo Models, from Animals to Humans, from Qualitative to Quantitative Methods 2.0", is a comprehensive exploration of the rapidly evolving field of translational research in neurological and psychiatric diseases. This reprint presents a collection of 22 pioneering papers that cover a wide range of topics and methodologies, reflecting the diversity and complexity of this field. This collection not only highlights the current achievements in the field but also illuminates the path forward. It encourages ongoing dialogue and research collaboration, fostering an environment where scientific curiosity and clinical need converge to inspire innovation. As we continue to push the boundaries of our understanding, we remain hopeful that the work encapsulated in these pages will lead to improved outcomes for individuals affected by neurological and psychiatric diseases worldwide. This reprint is a testament to the evolution of translational research in neurological and psychiatric diseases, showcasing the synergy between various research domains and the translational potential of the findings presented. It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the field, from researchers and clinicians to students and policy makers.
Recent Advances in Aquatic Food Products Processing
The objective of the reprint is to immerse the reader in recent advances in the processing technology and quality control of aquatic food products. From traditional methods such as heating, salting, drying, smoking, and natural fermentation to modern techniques like ultra-high-pressure processing, low-salt fermentation, and rapid freezing-thawing, etc., as well as byproduct utilization, our aim is to unravel the potential and promise of these cutting-edge technologies. Within this reprint, esteemed experts in the field share their insights, research findings, and visions for the future. The sensory attributes, protein degradation, and generation and inhibition of hazards during thermal processing, storage, preservation, and fermentation were elucidated, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for the advancement of the aquatic product industry. Together, we embark on a journey to unlock the full potential of aquatic food products processing seeking suitable solutions that effectively enhance taste profiles while extending shelf life and preserving nutritional value. We pave the way towards a more sustainable and healthier future where aquatic food products industry thrives.
Structural Health Monitoring and Performance Evaluation of Bridges and Structural Elements
Bridges and critical infrastructure are vital to communities but are aging, leading to structural deficiencies. This necessitates robust methods for health monitoring and performance evaluation to ensure safety and prevent costly damage. Conventional monitoring techniques have proven insufficient, especially in disaster-prone areas where resilience is key. Therefore, the current research focuses on two areas: improving structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods for current infrastructure and developing durable, low-maintenance alternatives for new structures. Effective condition assessment requires fast, accurate, and low-cost data collection. Two primary approaches are sensor-based monitoring and periodic NDE. However, challenges remain, including the high cost and complexity of sensor installation, data management, and the interpretation of a large amount of data. Recent innovations in sensors, data communication, and processing have improved SHM, but further advancements are needed to reduce costs and enhance efficiency. This Special Issue highlights a variety of NDE methods, SHM techniques, and data interpretation algorithms, including new approaches, such as vision-based sensors, load testing, and machine learning for damage detection. The goal is to improve maintenance strategies through better damage detection and structural health insights, ensuring more resilient infrastructure.
The Application of Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Gastrointestinal malignancies represent a healthcare concern worldwide. In recent decades, several innovations in gastrointestinal endoscopy have radically changed approaches to digestive neoplasms. As a result, many preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions of the digestive tract are now amenable to endoscopic resection through innovative techniques, avoiding the need for surgery. These techniques include endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR), and others. Moreover, endoscopy has several applications in the palliative treatment of gastrointestinal cancers that are unfit for curative therapies. In addition, for cancers susceptible to population screening, such as colorectal cancer, endoscopy has a crucial role in screening and surveillance, contributing to the reduction in cancer incidence and mortality all over the world. Finally, beyond luminal endoscopy, retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) play a crucial role in the approach to biliopancreatic neoplasms. All these application areas place endoscopy in a leading role in the prevention, diagnosis, management, and follow-up of many gastrointestinal malignancies. This Special Issue aims to summarize all the main applications of endoscopy for digestive neoplasms, as well as the evidence from the literature supporting the effectiveness and safety of the main endoscopic techniques for the curative or palliative treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Biofuels
This monography is is prepared based on the syllabus of the subject "Renewable energies", for the University students. This book includes all of the fundamentals and applications of biofuels and bioenergy produced from biomass; renewable feedstocks, their production, availability and attributes for biofuel/bioenergy production; types of biomass-derived fuels and energy; thermochemical conversion of biomass to heat, power, and fuel; biochemical conversion of biomass to fuel; environmental impacts of biofuel production; economics and life- cycle analysis of biofuel; value-added processing of biofuel residues; Sustainability Assessment and Market Development.
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
The book on the "Bacteriological and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia" is vital for improving patient care in ICU settings. It guides clinicians in selecting targeted antibiotic therapies based on local pathogen profiles, helping reduce mortality and combat antibiotic resistance. The book promotes antibiotic stewardship, supports surveillance of resistance trends, and enhances infection control protocols. It is an educational resource for healthcare professionals and a reference for developing evidence-based guidelines. Additionally, it provides a foundation for future research and policy development, contributing to better management and prevention of VAP globally.
Chemistry and Contamination
This book explores the impacts of the pesticides glyphosate, chlorpyrifos and paraquat through the prism of bioinorganic chemistry. By detailing the chemical structure, mechanism of action and synthesis of these compounds, it analyzes their interactions with metals and biological enzymes, as well as their effects on biochemical processes. The book then examines the environmental and health consequences, focusing on soil and water contamination and risks to human health, including cancer. Case studies provide specific data on each pesticide, while alternatives and solutions, including impact-reduction methods and approaches to degradation, are discussed. Finally, the potential role of cytochrome P450 in pesticide degradation is explored, opening up prospects for future research and regulatory improvements.
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome Deciphered by Bioinorganics is a scientific exploration of the biochemical mechanisms underlying this neurological pathology, often associated with vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. The book examines how bioinorganics, as a discipline, enables us to understand the crucial interactions between metals, enzymes and cellular structures involved in this syndrome. By delving into the roles of metal cofactors and biochemical imbalances, this text reveals the molecular processes that lead to severe symptoms such as amnesia, confusion and ataxia. Finally, it offers innovative perspectives for research and avenues for new therapeutic approaches, providing an enriched understanding of this complex disease.
Bio-Inorganic Challenges and Innovations
This book deals with bioinorganic chemistry in five chapters. The first presents the role of inorganic elements in biological systems and the design of bioactive molecules. The second focuses on peptide deformylase inhibitors, highlighting the work of Isabelle Artaud. The third chapter explores sulfur donors and their biological importance, with an analysis of Ms. Artaud's contributions. The fourth chapter deals with the application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study metal complexes, while the fifth discusses recent challenges and innovations in bioinorganic chemistry.Dedicated to: I dedicate this work to Ms. Isabelle Artaud, my former professor of bioinorganics, whose teaching in 1993 profoundly influenced my understanding of this discipline and who has been a source of inspiration throughout my research career.
Efficacy of essential oils in controlling Rhizopus stolonifer on grapes
The Isabel grape is one of the main varieties of Vitis labrusca, which has an accelerated reduction in post-harvest quality, due to weight loss due to softening of the tissues, darkening of the skin and the occurrence of off-flavors resulting from the senescence process, as well as sensitivity to dehydration and fungal infection during handling and processing, limiting commercialization. The control of post-harvest fungal diseases is carried out using synthetic fungicides. These chemical compounds have been withdrawn from the market due to possible toxicological risks. Due to the negative impact of these fungicides, the search for effective alternative methods in the control and development of phytopathogens has stimulated research into the use of essential oils for application to food. In this context, the present study evaluated the efficacy of applying the essential oils of Origanum vulgare L. (OV) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RO) alone and in combination, as inhibitors on the post-harvest fungus Rizhopus stolonifer "in vitro", the influence on the autochthonous microbiota of Isabel grapes (Vitis labrusca L.), and the physical and physicochemical characteristics of the fruit.
Manual of Iberian Orchid Pollinators
A preliminary list of pollinators of Iberian orchids is presented.The main pollinators are bees (Hymenoptera Apoidea) both long-tongued (Apidae, Megachilidae) and short-tongued (Andrenidae, Halictidae, Colletidae).The honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is the pollinator that visits the most orchid species, followed by bumblebees (Bombus spp.).In the genus Ophrys the genera Eucera (Apidae) and Andrena (Andrenidae) present a large number of species as pollinators of Mediterranean orchids.
Genomic and Proteomics
Genomics and proteomics are pivotal fields in molecular biology that explore an organism's complete set of genetic and protein information. Genomics focuses on studying the entire genome, including all genes and their interactions, and has far-reaching applications in medicine, agriculture, and beyond. On the other hand, Proteomics investigates the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, examining their functions, structures, and interactions. These fields offer comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes and diseases. Advances in genomics and proteomics are crucial for developing personalized medicine, understanding complex diseases, and enhancing biotechnological innovations.
New blood culture identification techniques
Bacteremia is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The development of rapid methods can reduce mortality due to delays in appropriate antibiotic therapy. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight, polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization are the main techniques used. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled to an ion mobility spectrometer and ImmulexTM are less frequently used identification techniques. Real-time video imaging, FASTinov(R), Uro4 HB<M system, Fluorogenic probe, Direct & Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test system, Scattered Light Integrated Collection. Knowledge of the performance of the methods used is essential to their control and reliability. Laboratory implementation of these techniques must be carefully adapted to a number of factors, including the hospital, laboratory capabilities, clinicians and patient population.
Bioinorganics deciphers the vascular state
This book examines the fundamental role of bioinorganics in living systems, focusing on phenomena such as stroke and the breakdown of blood clots. It highlights the importance of metals such as zinc, iron and copper, and their interaction with various biomolecules, influencing essential processes. By exploring how these elements impact therapeutic agents, the book highlights the consequences of a metal imbalance on health. It also emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach between bioinorganics, chemistry and biology to meet the challenges of vascular disease. Future research, including advanced techniques such as spectroscopy, promises to shed further light on these complex interactions and pave the way for new treatment strategies. All in all, this book offers an enriching perspective on the importance of inorganic elements in maintaining health.
Emerging Trends in Vaccine Development
During spreading of Diseases, Nutritional immune supplements help to increases the general immunity of a population at short duration. In this immunotherapy various natural products such as immunostimulants, probiotics, micronutrients, vaccines, antimicrobial proteins, Herbal products, etc. support to enhances the functions of immune system. However, vaccines give specific protection against particular infections. Nowadays DNA with suitable antigenic proteins are used in vaccine development. Additionally, Heat Stress protein, probiotics suitable bioadjuvents and bio preservatives are also added for enhances immunity and increase the efficacy of vaccine. So Based on the continuous experimental trials, will develop new vaccines against any type of infectious diseases during short period with minimum facilities and save our Human and Animal population
Biomass production of Duck weed Lemna minor
Duck weed Lemna minor is a fresh water weed plant present in most of the places in the world. In the rainy season it is present mostly in ponds and pools. It multiplies very fast due to the presence of organic matters. It is commonly use as Supplementary feed for domestic animals. It reduces feed cost an increases financial status of rural people. In the present study, Various biowaste effect on biomass production of duckweed was studied Duck weed based pellet feed acceptance to domestic animals were also studied. In the last experiment, antibacterial activity was studied for confirmation of bioactive compounds present in Duckweed.
Immunological and molecular study of toxoplasmosis cutaneous lesions
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among women who suffered from different types of skin lesions. Immunological and molecular tracking by using Rapid Test, (IgM & IgG)-ELFA, IgE- ELISA, skin scraping examination and PCR was performed by using blood and placental tissue samples for molecular diagnosis. The study was conducted on 200 pregnant women, who suffered from skin lesions. Examination of skin scraped slides were done by light microscopy and scanning electron microscope to see tachyzoite. It also included thirty healthy women as a control group. Out of 80 (40%)Rapid test positive cases, IgM, IgG- ELFA and IgE-ELISA were 2 (2.5%); 60 (75%) and 24 (30%) respectively. The skin scraping test was carried out on 60 patients in which only 6 (10 %) showed positive case by direct light microscopic examination. Out of 6 positive cases by light microscopy, just 2 (33 %) showed positive cases by scanning electron microscope. The study demonstrated that PCR revealed that the placental tissue specimens gave vast majority of positive results (70%) in comparison with blood samples (25%) .
Hif-1 as a Potential Drug Target for Solid Tumors
Hypoxia is a typical microenvironmental characteristic of many solid tumors. HIF-1 is the key regulator of growing tumor's response to hypoxia. HIF-1α subunit levels rise in hypoxic environments, when oncogenes are activated, and/or when tumor suppressor genes are inactivated, this is necessary for HIF-1 function in tumors. HIF-1 turns on genes that enable cells of a solid tumor to flourish in the noxious hypoxic tumor environment via attainment of numerous cancer hallmarks. This book elaborates the regulation and role of HIF-1 in oncogenic signalling. Further, its potential as a drug target for solid tumors is also discussed. The book will be useful as a reference book for students of graduate and post-graduate level courses in Life Science, Biomedical Science as well as to those who have a special interest in Cancer Biology.
Demystifying Spectral Techniques in Bioinorganics
This book presents the key spectral techniques in bioinorganics, detailing their role in the study of bioinorganic systems. After an introduction on the importance and aims, it explores: - NMR: Structure and interactions of metal complexes.- UV-Visible Spectroscopy: Electronic properties of complexes.- Infrared spectroscopy: Vibrations of functional groups.- Raman spectroscopy: vibrational modes and metal interactions.- X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Local structure of metal centers.- EPR: Analysis of paramagnetic centers.Each technique is illustrated by case studies, followed by a glossary and a bibliography for further reading.
Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Human Diseases
Natural products, which are compounds or substances derived from living organisms, hold significant potential in regulating disease progression. The reprint titled "Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products" explores the biological efficacy of various natural products and highlights their therapeutic potential. It includes eleven original articles and four reviews, with the hope that this content will contribute to advancements in the development of innovative therapeutics.
Microbial genetics mini-manual
This handbook is organized into four well-detailed chapters covering all the basics of microbial genetics, including an introductory chapter on genetic material and replication, a second chapter on the expression of genetic information and its regulation, a third on mutations and repair systems, and finally a fourth on genetic exchange and transfer.In addition, there is a collection of a considerable number of varied, targeted exercises, with solutions to over 35 exercises, including brain-teasers, calculation questions and descriptions of practical situations often encountered in the laboratory.
Bioremediation of cadmium under laboratory conditions
Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals cannot be chemically degraded. Therefore, chemical and physical remediation processes are used to remove them before they are discharged into water bodies. Most of these processes are effective, but they can be economically unviable or make the problem worse, as large quantities of chemical reagents may be needed. The addition of chemical reagents can remove the metal, but creates a new problem with the disposal of the chemicals. Bioremediation, using microorganisms as biosorbent material, has been successfully applied in several cases. Yeast cells can accumulate metal ions on the cell surface through the process of adsorption, which is a passive process, or actively absorb the metal, which is accumulated inside the cell. In this work, various biological, physiological and chemical parameters were studied, which are important for selecting yeasts that can be used to capture cadmium from aqueous media.
Monkey Pox
Monkey Pox, An Emerging Zoonotic Threat in the Modern Era provides a comprehensive analysis of Mpox, a re-emerging zoonotic disease that poses significant global health challenges. It explores the origins, transmission, and impact of Mpox on both human and animal populations, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The book delves into diagnostic methods, treatment options, and vaccination strategies while addressing the complexities of managing simultaneous outbreaks. By incorporating insights from leading experts in virology, public health, and wildlife management, Mpox offers a thorough examination of innovative antiviral therapies, the role of wildlife in disease spread, and the socio-political factors influencing control efforts. It also highlights the need for improved global surveillance and collaboration to effectively manage zoonotic threats. Designed as a vital resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers, this book aims to enhance understanding of Mpox and foster the development of effective strategies for preventing and controlling future outbreaks, ultimately contributing to global health security.
Introduction to Molecular Genetics
The Multiple-Choice Question Bank of Animal Breeding and Genetics is an invaluable resource for students aiming to excel in their studies and competitive examinations. Here are the key utilities of this comprehensive question bank: 1. Comprehensive Coverage- Extensive Range of Topics: The question bank covers a wide array of topics in both animal breeding and genetics, ensuring a holistic understanding of the subjects.- Basic to Advanced Levels: Questions are designed to cater to students at different stages of their learning, from introductory to more complex concepts. In conclusion, the Multiple-Choice Question Bank of Animal Breeding and Genetics is designed to support students in mastering these critical subjects. By providing comprehensive coverage, promoting active learning, and building essential skills, this question bank is an indispensable resource for students aiming for academic excellence and success in competitive examinations.
Immunology in Virtual Reality
In immunology education, complex and abstract processes can be difficult to fully grasp through traditional teaching methods. This paper highlights how VR and AR technologies can transform learning by offering immersive, interactive environments that enhance comprehension, engagement, and retention. VR replicates real-world environments through simulations, commonly seen in everything from video games to more intensive applications, placing the designer in control of the entire virtual experience. Meanwhile, AR adds layers of digital elements to the real world, functioning in a way similar to VR but with a different approach. This blend of advanced technology can open exciting avenues, much like how you've been integrating innovative tools for educational purposes in your own field.
Quiscalus nicaraguensis
The study, the baseline to know the population density of Quiscalus nicaraguensis in Nicaragua, was carried out from March to July 2020. For this purpose, transects were carried out in strips in different areas where colonies of this species are considered to be present (Mateare, Tipitapa, Tisma and Rivas).Quiscalus nicaraguensis, or Nicaraguan carrot-tyrant, is a binational endemic bird (Nicaragua and Costa Rica) that is in critical danger of extinction, according to the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).This research will serve to lay the groundwork for future population studies and management plans for the species.
Lipid profile and US-CRP in an interlaboratory approach
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of freezing (- 80簞C) and the storage time of serum and plasma on the biochemical values of the lipid profile and US-CRP of the project Prevalence of Dementia in Elderly Residents in the Northern Zone of the City of Rio de Janeiro, obtained using the same methodologies in different laboratories, and also the influence of sample stability. The measurements were carried out at the Lipid Laboratory - LabLip, and stored for three years. They were returned to the C獺psula laboratory using the same methodologies and the two results were compared. This study analysed the results in terms of the stability and storage of the samples, which led to the conclusion that the storage time of the frozen samples (- 80 簞C) caused changes in the results for the total cholesterol and HDLc analyses. As for the US-CRP and triglycerides, they remained stable.
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) Financial Cost
"Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) Financial Cost" provides an in-depth analysis of the financial burdens associated with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD). The book references 14 unique research studies to provide a comprehensive and evidence-based perspective on the financial costs associated with AATD. These studies cover various aspects of medical expenses, including augmentation therapy, hospitalization, emergency care, outpatient care, and the long-term financial impact on patients and families. This research will help people by offering valuable insights into the economic challenges faced by AATD patients and their families. By understanding the financial implications, patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers can make informed decisions about treatment options, insurance coverage, and resource allocation. People care to read this research because it sheds light on the often-overlooked financial aspects of managing a chronic genetic disorder, providing a clearer picture of the true cost of care. The book contributes to the development of healthcare strategies by highlighting the cost-effectiveness of various treatment options.
Biodiesel Optimization & Transesterification
The data covered in this book is taken from author's MPhil dissertation entitled "Application of response surface methodology for optimization of biodiesel production by transesterification of Carthamus tinctorius cv. thori-78," from Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. The plant source used for biodiesel optimization, transesterification and production was novel. The physico-chemical properties satisfy well the ASTM and EN Standards. The methodology provides guidance about soxhlet and mechanical pressing for oil extraction from non-edible/seed sources. The book will also be a reference tool for new researchers.
Processing Foods
For a long time, the basic and only function of foods was to provide the nutrients and energy needed for human physiological processes. Since the conditions of food security have been reduced over the past century, the expectations placed on food have constantly changed and new demands have emerged. It is expected that foods should not only be safe, but they also tastier and appealing, have a long shelf-life, contain as much of the physiologically beneficial components of the raw materials as possible and have a positive impact on consumers' health. Industrial food production needs to meet these diverse demands in a way that is economically viable and environmentally friendly, while being flexible to the ever-changing needs. Fortunately, there is a wealth of research to help the food industry, and there is an increase in the amount of information available on the physiological effects of the nutrients of our foods, their health-protecting role, and how different processing operations change their quantitative and compositional values. At the same time, the changing consumer needs are influencing the expectations and tasks related to offline and online quality analysis and quality assurance. "Processing Foods: Process Optimization and Quality Assessment" provides a snapshot of new advances in unit operations of food production for healthy nutrition.
Yeast Biotechnology 6.0
Yeasts are truly fascinating microorganisms. Due to their diverse and dynamic activities, they have been used to produce many interesting products, such as beer, wine, bread, biofuels, and biopharmaceuticals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast) is likely the most human-exploited yeast species. Saccharomyces is a popular choice for industrial applications, and its use in beer production dates back to at least the 6th millennium BC. Bakers' yeast represents a cornerstone of modern biotechnology, enabling the development of efficient production processes for antibiotics, biopharmaceuticals, technical enzymes, and ethanol and biofuels. Today, more diverse yeast species are being explored for industrial applications, e.g., the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. cerevisiae bayanus, Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii), Saccharomycopsis fermentans, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, and Candida species. This instalment - "Yeast Biotechnology 6.0" - continues the "Yeast Biotechnology" Special Issue series of the MDPI journal Fermentation. This issue highlights the current prominent research directions in the fields of yeasts as a cell factory, yeast nanobiotechnology, wine yeasts and wine fermentation, yeasts and food fermentation, and biocontainment for yeast biotechnology.
Digitalization, Technologies, New Approaches, and Telemedicine in Dentistry and Craniofacial/Temporomandibular Disorders
This Special Issue focuses on innovative diagnostic technologies and their role in enhancing the detection of pathologies, dimorphisms, and dysfunctions in the orofacial region. Recent advances such as EMG, CBCT, and MRI are gaining prominence in dental applications, expanding the scope of diagnosis and treatment, particularly in craniofacial and temporomandibular disorders. Telemedicine, including teledentistry, is rapidly evolving as a means of providing remote consultation and healthcare, offering efficiency in terms of time, cost, and quality. The evidence presented in this reprint aims to guide practitioners in adopting these new technologies for improved diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.
