Brown Seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) of Britain and Ireland
Brown Seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) of Britain and Ireland provides the first complete, up-to-date, detailed illustrated guide and keys to the nearly 200 species of brown algae present around the coasts of Britain and Ireland. It is the culmination of over 30 years of field and laboratory studies by the author. Following an exhaustive introduction that covers the biology and ecology of brown seaweeds, a checklist of species is set out, followed by clear and user-friendly keys to the genera. Particular attention is then paid to providing detailed illustrations, and the volume holds more than 300 compound plates of line drawings and photographs in its extensive taxonomic treatment. Comprehensive information is given on the geographical and seasonal distributions, synonymy, morphology, anatomy, cytology, reproduction, life histories, taxonomy, systematics and bibliographic material pertaining to each species. Notably, this flora offers a much fuller consideration of many of the lesser known, more cryptic microscopic brown algae than previously available. Further, the book also contains the results of much original research undertaken by the author. This will surely remain a standard reference work on brown seaweeds for many years to come - an indispensable research tool and field guide for phycologists and students throughout the North Atlantic region and beyond.
West African cattle
West Africa boasts considerable zoogenetic diversity, exemplified by the trypanotolerant taurines(Bos taurus). However, the introduction of Zebus(Bos indicus) has altered the genetic heritage of local breeds, particularly bulls. This situation is a cause for concern, as few studies have assessed the levels of taurine introgression in the region. The main aim of this study is to highlight the morphological and genetic indices of introgression within Burkina Faso cattle breeds, and to compare them with those of other West African countries. The study combines morphometric and molecular analyses of cattle from Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger and Mali, to assess gene flow, genetic diversity and introgression levels using microsatellite markers. In 2014, a marked structuring of taurine populations in Burkina Faso was observed, followed in 2018 by homogenization due to strong introgression of zebu genes. Molecular analyses indicate zebu introgression, varying between 20% and 50%, with notable genetic diversity, a phenomenon also present in Benin, Niger and Mali.
Structural bioinformatics & Modeling of biological systems
Databases dedicated to molecular biology are an essential complement to literature data. Today there is a very wide variety of heterogeneous databases. This diversity is, of course, explained by the variety of biological data, which are not limited to sequences, but also by the variety of objectives which governed their design. The major problem in the management of biological data therefore does not result so much from their volume as from this heterogeneity, both in terms of nature and format. The fundamental question is therefore how to integrate these biological data in order to make them accessible and usable as easily as if they appeared in a same database. Examination of the different technical solutions proposed highlights the need, in all cases, to explain and formally represent the entities concerned and their relationships. A simple but complete modeling example illustrates this approach.
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Studies on Extracts of Bucholzia coriacea Seeds
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Chemistry - Bio-chemistry, grade: none, Madonna University Elele, Nigeria, course: Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, language: English, abstract: The in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude methanol and aqueous extracts of the seeds of Bucholzia coriacea were investigated. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanol extract was between 0.50 - 6.00 mgml-1 while the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 2.0 - 10.0. The methanol and water extracts exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger with zones of inhibition of 7.50 and 2.80mm for Candida albicans; and 6.0 and 2.0 for Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids in the ethanolic and water extracts. The ability of the ethanol extract of Bucholzia coriacea seeds to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi is an indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential which justifies its utilization in traditional medicine in treatment of infections.
Public space and air quality
In recent decades, people have spent most of the day indoors with little or no air exchange with the outside environment, increasing the use of air conditioning techniques in workplaces and homes, creating conditions that are potentially harmful to human health. Libraries are environments with a large circulation of people and a huge collection of books, with few studies on this subject. The library of the State University of Maring獺 was therefore selected as the setting for this study. The aim of this study was to observe indoor air quality and relate closed environments with natural ventilation and artificial ventilation by air conditioning equipment to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) by relating the possible symptoms presented by workers in the area, such as allergies, irritation and respiratory problems. The building studied has an area of 13,298.03 m簡 divided into a basement, first floor and two floors. The lower floor makes use of both natural ventilation through windows and a Split-type air conditioning system, while the second floor has only natural ventilation through windows.
Diversity Analysis and Dry Preservation of Butterflies
Butterflies serve as remarkable indicators of environmental health due to their sensitivity to habitat changes. As urbanization accelerates, it poses significant threats to these delicate creatures, resulting in habitat loss that can have catastrophic repercussions both regionally and globally. This study, conducted from January to April 2023 on the campus of C.V. Raman Global University, India, aimed to explore the diversity of butterfly species and identify strategies for their long-term preservation. Over the course of the study, we documented 108 individual butterflies across 17 species from three distinct families. The Nymphalidae family stood out with the highest diversity, comprising 11 species (64.72%), followed by the Pieridae family with 4 species (23.52%) and the Papilionidae family with 2 species (11.76%). Overall, this study highlights a healthy and vibrant diversity of butterfly species thriving within the university campus, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to protect and maintain these beautiful indicators of ecological well-being.
Maladaptation
Charles Darwin presented the first scientific explanation of design through evolution by natural selection, where the environment furnishes individual organisms with adaptations that help them to survive and reproduce. This accessible book makes the case that natural selection can also do the exact opposite, favouring traits that directly harm an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. Such maladaptations contradict the received understanding of what natural selection 'does', but become explicable with an understanding of the genetics and ecology of evolution by natural selection. Drawing upon wide-ranging examples from across the diversity of life, the evidence for maladaptations is critically appraised to establish its possibility, reality and importance to the design of living things. A theory of maladaptation is developed, as a corrective for a long-standing error in evolutionary biology. Examples of maladaptation are evaluated to identify the challenges and successes in applying the concept to organismal traits. The deeper causes and consequences of maladaptation are discussed to understand its far-reaching impact on the evolution of life on Earth - and beyond. Overall, the book persuasively argues that maladaptation is a paragon of the changes to evolutionary theory that are needed to understand the population biology of natural selection. Maladaptation is written to be suitable for students taking courses in evolution, ecology and genetics, as well as professional researchers in these fields. Its accessible style will also appeal to a broader interdisciplinary audience, including any inquisitive reader with a general interest in science and the natural world.
Interdisciplinary approach to teaching biology
This work deals with some of the pedagogical interventions carried out through the Teaching Initiation Program at the State University of Para穩ba. Its main objective is to disseminate educational activities that have a positive impact on Brazilian education. It is a research tool for students on the biological sciences course who seek to make classes different from the traditional method, even though schools have few resources.
Microplastic Environmental Hazard
The current book highlights simple information about types and properties of microplastics in addition to abundance and distribution in different environments. Also it covers some topics including sources of microplastics in different ecosystems including air, water, soil and organisms and displays varied transport mechanisms of microplastics to the marine environment through rivers, wind transport, sewage and wastewater. The book gives insight into methods of sampling process for water, sediment, soil, dust, air and biological samples. Preservation as an important step to keep the matrix weight and concentration was also discussed. Preparation of samples using physical and extraction techniques were also presented. The book attempts to introduce information about the toxicological effects of microplastics on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Effect on aquatic ecosystem and its inhabitant of bacteria, algae, fish, bivalves and crustaceans in addition to carcinogenicity to human was extensively discussed. This book also aims to introduce mechanisms of mitigation strategies such as recycling, landfilling, incineration, and other treatment methods.
Text Book of Myrmecology
Myrmecology, the study of ants, is a rich and fascinating branch of entomology, delving into the lives of some of the most socially complex and ecologically significant insects on the planet. Ants are not only abundant, but their intricate behaviors, highly organized societies, and vast ecological influence make them key subjects of study for understanding biodiversity, social evolution, and ecosystem dynamics.This book serves as an introduction and comprehensive guide to myrmecology, designed for both novice and experienced researchers, as well as anyone interested in the natural world. Covering the full breadth of ant biology, the text explores topics such as ant taxonomy, social structures, foraging strategies, communication, and their interactions with other organisms.
Environmental impacts of implementing the Ludesa SHPP
Economic activity, together with the growth in electricity demand and the availability of water resources, has led to hydroelectric power becoming Brazil's biggest energy potential. Small hydroelectric plants currently account for 2.9% of the electricity generated in Brazil, representing around 4.67% of their capacity in the state of Santa Catarina. What is worrying is the proportionally greater need for electricity, as well as the lack of socio-economic planning and the fact that people are not aware of this scenario. The aim of this research is to analyse the effects of the environmental impacts of the Ludesa Small Hydroelectric Power Plant located in the municipality of S瓊o Domingos, in the western region of the state of Santa Catarina. To this end, the changes to the biotic environment (fauna and flora) were assessed before and after the installation of the project, analysing their alterations.
Thoughts on Current Neuroscience
A collection of bite-sized discussions of topics of relevant interest in the related disciplines of neuroscience, physiology, and psychiatry. Featuring thoughts on the observation of hyperthermia and varied vascular responses, health-focused themes are inclusively presented in this revised edition.
Medical Bacteriology. Volume 12
Bacteriology is the branch and speciality of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics, identification, classification and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. Bacteriology is important in medicine, public health and sanitation work, agriculture, food-processing, and industry. The importance of bacteriology is undeniable; in fact, the study of the action of bacteria in health and in disease, inside and outside the animal body, has revealed so many new facts. Major advances in bacteriology over the last century resulted in the development of many effective vaccines (e.g., pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid). This book is a review of the medically important aspects of bacteriology and covers both the basic and clinical aspects of bacteriology, and also discusses important infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. This book presents current, medically important information in the rapidly changing fields of bacteriology.
Fauna diversity in the Miriti Environmental Protection Area, Amazonas, Brazil
The diversity of fauna catalogued in the Miriti Environmental Protection Area resulted in 163 species from 80 different families. Of the 163 species of fauna identified, 26 were from the Herpetofauna (16%), 59 from the Avifauna (36%), 24 from the Mastofauna (15%) and 54 from the Ichthyofauna (33%). And of the 80 families of fauna identified in the survey, 15 were from the Herpetofauna (19%), 28 from the Avifauna (35%), 19 from the Mastofauna (24%) and 18 from the Ichthyofauna (22%).
Catalytic Transformations of Sustainable and Versatile Furanic Chemicals
Catalytic Transformations of Sustainable and Versatile Furanic Chemicals aims to explicitly display the latest technical developments on designing functional catalysts, optimizing process and reaction parameters, and improving the stability of the employed materials on the transformation of HMF and furfural.
Fungal Stress Mechanisms and Responses
AAM: Fungal Stress Mechanisms and Responses explores the adaptive strategies and biotechnological applications of fungi under stress conditions. This volume features an array of reviews by experts in the field, reviewing different aspects of fungal stress responses. The initial three chapters focus on stress in fungal insect pathogens, while chapters 4-6 address the impact of stressful environmental conditions on fungi used for bioremediation. The last chapter investigates the molecular aspects of copper homeostasis in human fungal pathogens. This volume offers a comprehensive collection of findings that help our understanding of fungal stress responses and their applications in agriculture, medicine, and the environment.
Chitin, Chitosan and Chitinases Biotechnology
Chitin, a β- (1-4) homopolymer of N-acetyl - D- glucosamine (GLc NAc), is the second most abundant polysaccharide existing in nature after cellulose. It is a major structural component of most biological systems such as mollusks, insects, crustaceans, and fungi. Chitin and its derivatives are of commercial and biotechnological interest due to their various biological activities and wide range of applications in areas ranging from waste water treatment to agrochemical and biomedical uses.Chitinases (E.C.3.2.1.14), which hydrolyze β-1,4-glucosidic bonds of chitin are widely distributed in the biological word and have received an increased attention during the last two decades due to their wider range of biotechnological applications specially in the agricultural, medical and environmental fields.In this book we discuss chitin, chitosan and chitinases, chemistry, properties, and production, as well as summarizes all their possible biotechnological applications.
Biomonitoring of sewage
Domestic sewage and industrial effluents are the main sources of contamination of water resources, as these wastes are often toxic and their improper disposal can seriously degrade the environment. The Poti and Parna穩ba rivers in the city of Teresina-PI receive a significant volume of sewage produced in the urban area, as well as being the recipients of effluents processed in sewage treatment plants. The aim of the research was to assess the toxicity and genotoxic and mutagenic potential induced by sewage effluents treated by stabilization pond systems in the city of Teresina - PI, using the Allium cepa test. It highlighted the importance of carrying out environmental biomonitoring of water bodies that receive a high demand of treated and untreated effluents, as the complex mixtures present in these effluents can induce genomic instability and alter various ecosystems. The book is aimed at biologists, environmental managers and engineers, health professionals and anyone with an interest in the subject.
Mechanisms of action involved in the increase of basal tension in myocytes
This book provides relevant information on the excitation-contraction coupling process in cardiac muscle cells and a special set of data indicating that there is a pathway for activating the contractile machinery that is independent of calcium ion signaling. Eugenol, an essential oil, was the biological tool that enabled us to identify the existence of this calcium-independent pathway capable of generating a large amount of force in an isometric state. The data indicate that there is a sequence of intracellular signaling pathways, which have not yet been fully unraveled, and which may enable a molecular description of the phenomena that lead to stiffness syndrome in the future.
The Biology of Us
In our modern world, it is easy to overlook the natural world all around us. Only major life events, such as birth, injury, disease, and death, remind us that we are still biological organisms. We "interact" with nature in controlled and safe environments, such as zoos, theme parks, or through different forms of media. Television shows, films, and books are nearly always in exotic locations (e.g., the Kalahari Desert, the deep ocean, or Antarctica), but they inadvertently reinforce our separation from nature. Biology happens somewhere else. Author Gary Howard seeks to change that perception. The Biology of Us describes the common but fascinating examples of biology and nature that are hidden in plain sight in our daily lives. It focuses on human biology, but describes animals and plants all around, on, and in us to put human features into an evolutionary context. Many aspects of ourselves and our normal activities are examples of evolution: breathing, eating, standing up, communicating, telling time, and more. This book illustrates evolutionary strategies used successfully by common organisms for hundreds of millions of years. Howard shows that the organisms in our daily lives are not trivial neighbors or even pests but are just as amazing as those in the Serengeti or the Gal獺pagos Islands.
Human Superintelligence
Whatever your goals, enhanced cognition will help you achieve them.It will enable you to develop better strategies for getting what you want.The same applies to humanity in general. The spread of higher cognition will change everything.It will generate a Second Enlightenment and a genuine science of complexity.A new kind of human will enter history and evolution.This book provides science-based psychotechnologies that you can use to escalate your intelligence and cognition. It shows how to use them recursively to improve your cognition indefinitely.The psychotechnologies will enable you to enhance your thinking, then use your improved cognition to enhance your thinking further, then use it to produce further improvements, and so on, open-endedly.These psychotechnologies will enable you to scaffold an ability to 'stand outside' your thinking and 'see' it as 'object'.This will enable you to 'see' and evaluate the thinking strategies that you now use.Whenever they fail, you can identify the reasons and remedy the deficiencies.The book shows you how to do the same for the hierarchy of meta-thinking strategies you use to develop your thinking strategies.The capacity to 'stand outside' your thoughts and feelings is invaluable for escaping and remedying maladaptive thinking.The book shows how it can also be used to escape maladaptive emotional responses and conditioning.The psychotechnologies also include methods to scaffold metasystemic cognition - a capacity to build mental models of complex phenomena.This higher cognition will give you the ability to comprehend and manipulate complex circumstances.The book identifies the new 'movements in thought' that you will need to incorporate into your thinking to develop metasystemic cognition.The spread of metasystemic cognition is essential if human civilization is to survive the complex existential threats we face. These challenges cannot be solved by the cognition that underpins mainstream science and spread during the First Enlightenment.This cognition is largely limited to developing mechanistic, reductionist models. They are too simple to model complex phenomena and produce a genuine science of complexity.The book demonstrates how higher cognition will enable humanity to comprehend for the first time the larger-scale evolutionary processes that have shaped humanity and will determine our future.Significantly, it will enable you to see that evolution has a trajectory that includes a critical role for humanity, individually as well as collectively.Fulfilling your evolutionary role has the potential to provide a life that is meaningful and purposeful in a much larger scheme of things.
Synthetic Biology for Therapeutics
Synthetic biology is enabling scientists to use engineered genetic circuits in the cells as the basis for the development of new living therapeutics and as a powerful new weapon in the fight against diseases, especially cancer. Bacteria-mediated therapy is a promising alternative cancer treatment. The book covers the recent developments of cellular therapies from a synthetic biology perspective including engineered microbial therapies, CAR-T therapies etc. and is an indispensable guide to scientists in both biotechnology and medicine.
QCE Biology
The QCE Biology Revision Study Guide is an essential tool for Queensland students preparing for their ATAR exams. Created by an experienced Queensland biology teacher with expertise in curriculum development and external exam writing, this guide provides thorough support for mastering the QCAA Biology syllabus. It covers both Year 11 and Year 12 content, offering concise summaries, clear diagrams, and assessment activities. The guide emphasises understanding key biology concepts and developing the skills required for success in summative external assessments. It includes expert revision techniques and exam strategies, helping students approach both internal and external assessments with confidence. Additionally, practice questions similar to those found in exams are provided, along with worked solutions for better understanding. Ideal for revision throughout the year or focused exam preparation, this guide is the perfect companion for students aiming to excel in QCE Biology.
Human Aging; a Biological and Behavioral Study
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Sexual Endocrinology of Non-mammalian Vertebrates
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Human Aging; a Biological and Behavioral Study
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Resistant Hypertension
This work leads us to explore the potential role of two endogenous molecules involved in the process of vascular stiffness (MMP-9 and TIMP1) present in the mechanisms of development and control of Resistant Hypertension. From this perspective, these molecules may, in the future, serve as clinical biomarkers for assessing the development of this condition as well as constituting a therapeutic target in the context of pharmacological treatment.
Medicinal Species
Medicinal, aromatic and spicy plants have always been present throughout the evolution of the human species. The history of the use of medicinal plants shows us that, in the course of this evolution, plants were the first therapeutic resources used because of man's own needs. Resorting to the healing virtues of certain plants is one of the first manifestations of this, marking an ancient and deep desire to understand and use nature as a therapeutic resource, and the first writings on plants with medicinal principles report their importance in magic and medicine ceremonies. They were used by various peoples, such as the Chaldeans, Babylonians and especially in Ancient Egypt, where recipes were made for the use of medicinal plants to cure the population's ailments.
Microbiology of Green Fuels
This book gives a wide overview of different microbial-based processes for green fuels production. The book also includes techno-economic analysis and highlights strategic, commercial and environmental interests in promoting green fuels.
Bioaugmentation Techniques and Applications in Remediation
This book provides detailed information on bioaugmentation approaches for remediation of sediments, water, and soil polluted with organic and inorganic pollutants. Practical applications of bioaugmentation techniques performed in restricted systems under controlled conditions, laboratory investigations, and field applications are all addressed.
Microbial Dynamics in Soils Affected by Insecticides and Fungicides
Agriculture, India's economic backbone, supports 54.6% of its population. Groundnut, a vital oilseed, relies heavily on pesticides to combat pests. Globally, billions are spent on pesticides, but only a small fraction reaches target pests, contaminating the soil. Pesticides can hinder soil enzyme activity, crucial for soil health. However, microbes can degrade pesticides, potentially increasing their populations and activity.Recent studies using molecular techniques explore these effects. Research on common pesticides found increased beneficial bacteria like Azospirillum and nitrifiers in groundnut fields, even after repeated applications. Ammonification and nitrification rates improved at moderate doses, but higher levels reduced nitrogen mineralization.Pesticide application at moderate levels also boosted bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations, along with key soil enzymes. Yet, excessive doses (7.5-10 kg/ha) proved toxic or had minimal impact. The rapid microbial degradation of pesticides highlights their influence on soil microbial dynamics.Understanding this interplay between pesticides, soil microbes, and ecosystem processes is essential for sustainable agriculture.
Recent Advances in Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches in Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a widespread neurological disorder that affects around 70 million people worldwide. The main characteristic of this neurological disorder is the occurrence of unexpected and recurrent seizures. The cure for and management of epilepsy are confined to treating symptoms but do not modify the development and progression of the disease. Furthermore, among the people who are taking antiseizure medicines, more than 30% of them still have epilepsy, and long-term use of these drugs can result in a variety of side effects. Hence, there is an urgent need to understand the detailed pathophysiology and mechanism of the development of diverse forms of epilepsy as well as identify crucial therapeutic targets. Moreover, finetuning as well as examining the effectiveness of several surgical procedures and neuromodulation methods to treat drug-resistant epilepsy are also required.This Special Issue features original research and review articles by experts discussing the recent developments in the pathophysiology, risk factors and possible treatment options in diverse forms of epilepsy.
Combined Treatments and Therapies to Cure Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) continue to be devastating conditions, often resulting in irreversible motor, sensory, and sphincter deficits in humans, with no effective treatment currently available. Common causes include road accidents and falls. Despite their reputation as incurable, considerable research efforts have focused on developing treatments with the aim of at least partially restoring lost functions. Alongside these therapeutic pursuits, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that occur after SCIs. Although some scientific debate persists, there is growing clarity about the events leading to spinal scar formation and cell populations involved. This foundational knowledge has spurred the development of several therapeutic approaches, tested over the past decades, including peripheral nerve grafts, enzyme use, and antibodies. While these methods have shown promising results in animal models, they have proven challenging to implement in humans, largely failing to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. Recent advances in the use of transgenic mouse models, omics technologies, and optogenetics have significantly improved our understanding of cell diversity within both injured and uninjured spinal cords, as well as their connections to the brain, leading to an emphasis on strategies involving cell transplantation, neuromodulation, and physiotherapy. The Special Issue was conceived within this context. It comprises six research articles and five literature reviews, all dedicated to exploring advancements in cell transplantation, neuromodulation, and physiotherapy techniques.
Iron Neurodegeneration
Iron neurodegeneration research has grown tremendously over the last few decades, and this progress has been documented in numerous articles. However, few publications focus specifically on brain iron overload and the overexpression of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein through Iron Responsive Element (IRE) regulatory pathways, despite the many compilations covering topics related to iron metabolism and Alzheimer's disease. Deciphering the complex mechanisms of amyloid aggregation and IRE signaling pathways is essential to understanding the mysteries of Alzheimer's progression. This book, Iron Neurodegeneration, explains in detail how iron metabolism is regulated and how it affects the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The primary goal is to explore how amyloid aggregates via IRE mRNA translation and identify potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative conditions. This book is intended for a broad readership: expert professionals will appreciate the in-depth descriptions and discussions, while students, researchers, and scientists new to the subject will benefit from the comprehensive introduction that provides a strong intellectual foundation.
Application of Multi-Omics Analysis in Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis
This reprint highlights recent developments in computational biology, deep learning algorithms, and cancer biology that enable the decoding of the cancer genome and tumor microenvironment ecosystem. One of its major focuses is on the integration of multi-omics data such as WGS, WES, scRNAseq, spatial transcriptomics, and proteomics, along with radiomics and digital pathology, to better understand cancer initiation, evolution, drug-tolerant persister cancer states, and full therapy resistance. Unbiased, systematic analyses using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning approaches could advance our knowledge and improve cancer treatment. In this reprint, leading experts in the field share their insights, research findings, and visions for the future of cancer informatics. Cutting-edge computational approaches and bioinformatics algorithms provide powerful toolkits to systematically identify clinically relevant biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and precision cancer therapy stratification.
Chemical Ecology in Forests
This reprint is a compilation of articles published in the Special Issue of "Chemical Ecology in Forests", which provides a comprehensive representation of the academic advancements made in this field. With its focused content and numerous research hotspots, this reprint is poised to provide chemical ecology researchers with concentrated and precise data and articles, while simultaneously bolstering the academic influence and dissemination of the publications.
Pedobiology
In the pages of this book, we explore the fascinating world of soil macroorganisms and their impact on the genesis and evolution of this vital resource. From the rearrangement of materials to the formation of organo-mineral complexes, each aspect is analyzed in detail, highlighting the importance of these organisms in soil transformation and the promotion of biodiversity.My goal with this work is to contribute to the knowledge and appreciation of Pedobiology, highlighting how soil organisms play a crucial role in the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services, fundamental for the balance and health of our natural ecosystems.It is relevant to highlight that "Pedobiology" represents the first text dedicated to this topic in our country. This milestone reflects the commitment of our scientific community to explore and understand fundamental aspects of our local ecosystems.
The Influence of the Pok矇mon Cartoon
For many years, science teaching has been mainly dedicated to the transmission of currently accepted knowledge, with little emphasis on the actual procedures for constructing science (Silva et al, 2009). Based on the construction of knowledge through play, quality education can be achieved by meeting the interests and needs of children in elementary school, together with the media. This work aims to analyze the different forms of influence of cartoons, identifying Pok矇mon types with "plant" characteristics. The knowledge of students in the 7th year of elementary school II was assessed through a questionnaire, in which it was observed that 80% of the students, through the influence of the cartoon, are able to distinguish and identify the relationship between the character and the real thing. The drawing in question can help students' development and interest in learning about botany. I would like to thank Professors Andr矇 Costa Ferreira and Izabel Maria Ribeiro C繫rtes for their guidance.
The evolution of living beings
L'矇volution des 礙tres vivants (The Evolution of Living Beings) is a book designed for fourth-year science humanities students preparing for state exams. in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The notional content of the book is divided into four chapters, in the following order: introduction to transformism, mechanisms of evolution, arguments in favor of evolution and theories explaining evolution.
Amphibian diversity in the Espinha癟o Range and the use of DNA barcodes
Amphibians are the group of tetrapods with the largest number of species being described each year, but at the same time they are the most threatened group of vertebrates. It is extremely important that Conservation Units should function as spaces for study and preservation, favoring the sustainable use of the natural environment and protecting biological diversity by preserving species, habitats and ecosystems. The world's greatest wealth of these animals is found in Brazil, where there are several centers of diversity and endemism, such as the Espinha癟o Chain. This study gathered the available information on the amphibian species found in the Espinha癟o Range, classified the species recorded and obtained reference sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) for the anuran species of the Espinha癟o, with the aim of helping to identify species in inventories and to begin an assessment of the representativeness of the genetic diversity of the species.
Fungal Biotechnology
Traditional studies in mycology mainly deal with damage caused by fungi, for instance, diseases of plants, animal ailments, air-borne pathogens, decomposition of wood and production of mycotoxins in food. Applied mycology focuses on the fermentation of foods (flours, bakery products, cheese and others) and production of fermented products (wine, beer and spirit). Further value-added approaches show the significance of fungi in the production of bioactive metabolites and pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of human diseases, including cancer, and plant diseases (e.g. pest control). Due to a dependence on fossil resources, production of bio-renewable merchandise gained importance and fungi serve as potential biological agents in sustaining global economy. Recent developments in mycology revealed their significance in the fields of advanced research, in particular building materials, packaging resources, electronic devises and leather-like goods. In addition, fungi possess several qualities to degrade non-biodegradable compounds in the ecosystem and assist in sustainable waste bioremediation. This book covers the current biotechnological advances and bio-prospect potential of fungi. Fungal biopolymers possess various applications, including prebiotics, therapeutics, immunoceuticals, drug-discovery and drug-delivery. Fungal bioactive metabolites have several implications beyond antibiotics, such as volatiles, biofuels, nematicides and pigments. They also serve as prospective tools in the production of nanoparticles of medicinal, nutritional and industrial significance. In view of environmental protection, fungal activity and products aid in bioremediation via degradation of xenobiotics and solid wastes. Fungi can produce agriculturally compatible metabolites to enhance plant production. Knowledge on fungal genomics facilitates the gene manipulation towards biotechnological applications (disease diagnosis, pathogen detection, gene expression and mutualistic interactions). This book addresses the application of fungi in different areas and serves as a potential knowledge bank for graduates, post-graduates and researchers contemplating fungal applications.
Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin
Melatonin is an indoleamine that has captured our attention since 1958. It was discovered as one of the main regulators of circadian rhythms. At that time, it was simply defined as the sleep-wake regulator hormone, as melatonin is mainly secreted by the pineal gland during the night. Its role in seasonal reproductive functions was also found very soon after. Later, the extra-pineal synthesis of melatonin was discovered (immune system, retina, etc.), together with its production in other organisms, such as bacteria and plants. This fact changed the idea that melatonin was just a hormone that synchronized processes related with the circadian and seasonal rhythms and brought up the role of melatonin as a very potent antioxidant. With this Special Issue, we aim to explore the most recent roles of melatonin as an antioxidant, and we provide a great deal of new information: from melatonin synthesis in a new domain to recent uses of melatonin as a therapy and synergistic treatment for cancer. Thus, we are sure that this indoleamine will be in the spotlight for much more time to come.
Functional Biomaterials and Digital Technologies in Dentistry
The publication "Functional Biomaterials and Digital Technologies in Dentistry: From Bench to Bedside," featured in the Journal of Functional Biomaterials, signifies a pivotal advancement in dental and maxillofacial healthcare. It underscores groundbreaking innovations in the field of biomaterials, including the use of metals, polymers, and composites, alongside the revolutionary role of digital technologies such as computer-aided imaging (CAI), design (CAD), and manufacturing (CAM) in dentistry. This volume highlights crucial developments in functional biomaterials renowned for their biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and tailored biofunctionality, setting the stage for novel treatment methodologies. It delves into how digital innovations, including CAD/CAM and 3D printing, are enhancing treatment precision, efficiency, and patient satisfaction, thereby moving dentistry closer to the realm of precision medicine. This succinct collection marks a transformative shift in dental care, merging biomaterial science and digital tech advancements to globally elevate patient care standards. As a pivotal moment in the ongoing evolution of dental research, this reprint envisions a future where the harmonious integration of functional biomaterials and digital technology sets new benchmarks for dental care.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Sleep apnea syndrome is a multidisciplinary problem involving pulmonology, neurology, otorhinolaryngology, dentistry, internal medicine, psychiatry, psychology, and, to a lesser extent, many other fields. Therapy options are spread between surgical approaches and conservative solutions. Despite the enthusiasm of the surgical part of the medical population dealing with sleep medicine, the focus of the problem is currently rather in conservative medicine. Both the surgical and non-surgical sections still face many unsolved problems and questions, but it is already clear today that there is no universal solution and the issue was, is, and will remain interdisciplinary, requiring cooperation from both directions. The diagnosis and subsequent care of these patients are specific. It is partially governed by general rules but has its specificities determined by the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract and treatment options offered by contemporary medicine. Therapeutic success is intrinsically related to the patient's level of cooperation. Motivation and psychological support of patients is a task not only for medical staff but also the family background of patients. The patient's world does not change only as a result of recommended treatment; as is typical for this empowerment, changes in personal health habits must occur. Patient cooperation and lifestyle change are the cornerstones of successful treatment for patients in the long term.
Biofuels Production Routes
Climate change and waste management are two bigger global issues that scientists and researchers are finding new ways to solve these threats. To overcome these issues, this book deals with recent advancements in biochemical and thermochemical conversion techniques for biofuels production from different waste. In this book, biochar production, agricultural, environmental, energy storage and other advanced applications are discussed.
Expression of miR-21-5p in miscarriage
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) poses a major clinical challenge, with an etiology still largely unexplained. Our study focuses on the association between three NFκB1 gene polymorphisms and RSA in a case-control cohort from the Tunisian population. Results indicate a significant correlation, particularly for rs28362491, with notable differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies between groups. Haplotypic analysis highlights the involvement of certain haplotypes, in particular TAG and AGG, in ASR. However, the study of differential expression of hsa-miR-21-5p with NFκB1 and IL-6 by qPCR does not allow definitive conclusions to be drawn, due to sample limitations and the rarity of cases of women who have undergone four or more successive spontaneous abortions without having children. These results underline the importance of future research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of RSA and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Microbiology
Microbiology scope for jobs in various sectors like Healthcare, Biotechnology, Research, Environmental Science, Dairy Science, and Agriculture. Microbiology students can seek careers in job profiles such as Clinical Microbiologist, Environmental Microbiologist, Mycologist, Parasitologist, Virologist, etc. Numerous government organizations offer employment opportunities to Microbiology students such as Research Institutes, medical centres, agricultural institutions. Microbiology techniques are required to study microorganisms' structure, function, metabolism, and genomics. They help understand how microbes work, interact with living organisms, cause diseases, and how they can be applied for human use. The fundamental microbiology laboratory techniques include aseptic techniques, culturing techniques, enumerating bacteria, and identifying different classes of microorganisms. These techniques form the base of advanced research and experiments performed on microorganisms.
Viral Mutation and Pathogenesis
Viral Mutation and Pathogenesis: A Comprehensive Guide offers an in-depth exploration of viral mutations and their impact on pathology. Targeted at researchers, clinicians, and students, this book covers the basics of viral genetics, mechanisms of mutation, and their effects on disease outcomes. It includes case studies, detection techniques, and computational methods, emphasizing real-world applications in public health. Topics range from drug resistance and vaccine development to bioinformatics and predictive modeling. With contributions from experts, this guide aims to advance understanding of viral evolution and inform effective strategies for managing viral diseases.
