The neuroprotective power of Tribulus
Recently, Tribulus terrestris (Tt) has attracted increasing interest due to its pharmacological potential, including its neuroprotective activities. In this study, we explore the neuroprotective effects of a Tt extract in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory impairment and cerebral oxidative stress. SCOP, an anticholinergic drug, has been used to reproduce fundamental aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in animal models. Fish were treated with ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) of Tt (1, 3 and 6 mg/L) for 15 days. Molecular interactions of the main compounds identified via UPLC-PDA/MS in Tt fractions with the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were explored via molecular docking analyses. Terrestrosin C, protodioscin, rutin and saponin C showed the most stable binding. Spatial memory performance was assessed using the Y-maze test, and memory recognition was assessed using the NOR test.
Helicobacter pylori infection Pathogenicity and Diagnosis
Helicobacter pylori is the most widespread infection in the world, and is a bacterium that colonizes exclusively the gastric mucosa, playing an important role in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disorders such as gastritis, ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma. This bacterium was discovered by JR Warren and BJ Marshall in the early 1980s (Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine 2005). In 1994, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) listed it as a type 1 carcinogen. This infection is universally widespread, and can affect any population, but is most common in poor socio-economic conditions. Prevalence is 70-90% in developing countries, and only 20-30% in industrialized countries. In this work, a thorough and up-to-date review of aspects relating to the pathogenicity and diagnosis of H. pylori has been reported.
Reconciling the Debate
plasma membrane as a protective mechanism.29 In the heart, a high density of caveolae have been shown at the plasma membrane, increasing the surface area up to 2-fold.22,30,31,32 Indeed, disruption of caveolar biogenesis in cardiac muscles can lead to cell damage and compensatory hypertrophy.33 Caveolae exist as single pits with a characteristic omega-shaped structure at the cell surface,22 while association of multiple caveolae was proposed to contribute to T-tubules biogenesis in postnatal muscle cells5, or to multi-lobed caveolar structures called rosettes34. CAV3 knock-out in mice resulted in a complete loss of caveolae and decreased T-tubule density.35 It was proposed, that the actin cytoskeleton regulates the organization of caveolae such that actin polymerization increases caveolae abundance.36 Furthermore, the actin cytoskeleton was proposed to be involved in caveolae endocytosis and recycling.37,38 The association of caveolae with actin filaments was documented by electron microscopy in fibroblasts39, epithelial cells40 and muscle cells29.
The evolution of the somato-motor system in mammals
The aim of this book is to review the evolution of the motor and somatosensory cortex in mammals. It begins with a description of the sensory and motor areas present in various species and their respective anatomical and physiological characterisations. It also discusses research carried out by the author based on the cortical and thalamic connections of the somato-motor cortex of a species of opossum found in Brazil, with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the basic cortical organisation of possible mammalian ancestors.
Postharvest Management of Fruits and Vegetables Series II
The following research articles provides insights into advanced fruit preservation and quality enhancement techniques. Mango Quality Enhancement: Studies show that treatments incorporating 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and melatonin significantly improve mango appearance, sugar content, and antioxidant activities, highlighting their potential to extend shelf life. Modified Atmosphere Packaging for Fresh-Cut Melons: Research demonstrates the effectiveness of passive modified atmospheres in extending the freshness of fresh-cut melons, especially non-climacteric types, by adjusting packaging perforation levels. Natural Coatings on Blueberries and Grapefruit: Investigations into various coatings reveal inconsistent effects on weight loss in blueberries. Additionally, studies on thymol vapors indicate a natural method for controlling post-harvest diseases in grapefruit, enhancing fruit longevity. Optimal Storage Conditions and Fungal Infection Management: Comprehensive reviews suggest optimal storage temperatures for different apple and pear cultivars and detail how Penicillium expansum affects apple quality, offering strategies for decay management. Quality Testing and Soil Treatments: Advances in hyperspectral imaging for non-destructive quality testing in citrus and the impact of anaerobic soil disinfestation on winter melon juice quality are explored, showing how agricultural practices influence fruit characteristics. Loquat Fruit Post-Harvest Handling: A review of loquat fruit post-harvest technology discusses storage methods to mitigate deterioration and preserve quality.
Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites Using Plant Tissue Culture and Bioreactor Culture Techniques
The purpose of this reprint is to present current research on the use of plant tissue cultures to produce specialized metabolites or secondary metabolites in plants. Numerous review articles on the use of instrument engineering, data modeling, and metabolic regulation in the synthesis of industrially significant plant secondary metabolites are included in this Special Issue. Research has covered contemporary methodologies like elicitation and the use of different bioreactors for biomass and metabolite syntheses. The research article addresses the production of specific metabolites employing cells, adventitious roots, and shoot cultures. Experts in the field provide their perspectives on research findings and future directions in this reprint. For those working in the fields of plant biotechnology, food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceutical science, as well as for those working in academics, industry, and policymaking and students, the review and research papers will be helpful.
Biological Clocks, Rhythms, and Oscillations
An introduction to the mathematical, computational, and analytical techniques used for modeling biological rhythms, presenting tools from many disciplines and example applications. All areas of biology and medicine contain rhythms, and these behaviors are best understood through mathematical tools and techniques. This book offers a survey of mathematical, computational, and analytical techniques used for modeling biological rhythms, gathering these methods for the first time in one volume. Drawing on material from such disciplines as mathematical biology, nonlinear dynamics, physics, statistics, and engineering, it presents practical advice and techniques for studying biological rhythms, with a common language. The chapters proceed with increasing mathematical abstraction. Part I, on models, highlights the implicit assumptions and common pitfalls of modeling, and is accessible to readers with basic knowledge of differential equations and linear algebra. Part II, on behaviors, focuses on simpler models, describing common properties of biological rhythms that range from the firing properties of squid giant axon to human circadian rhythms. Part III, on mathematical techniques, guides readers who have specific models or goals in mind. Sections on "frontiers" present the latest research; "theory" sections present interesting mathematical results using more accessible approaches than can be found elsewhere. Each chapter offers exercises. Commented MATLAB code is provided to help readers get practical experience. The book, by an expert in the field, can be used as a textbook for undergraduate courses in mathematical biology or graduate courses in modeling biological rhythms and as a reference for researchers.
Cooperation and Its Evolution
Essays from a range of disciplinary perspectives show the central role that cooperation plays in structuring our world. This collection reports on the latest research on an increasingly pivotal issue for evolutionary biology: cooperation. The chapters are written from a variety of disciplinary perspectives and utilize research tools that range from empirical survey to conceptual modeling, reflecting the rich diversity of work in the field. They explore a wide taxonomic range, concentrating on bacteria, social insects, and, especially, humans. Part I ("Agents and Environments") investigates the connections of social cooperation in social organizations to the conditions that make cooperation profitable and stable, focusing on the interactions of agent, population, and environment. Part II ("Agents and Mechanisms") focuses on how proximate mechanisms emerge and operate in the evolutionary process and how they shape evolutionary trajectories. Throughout the book, certain themes emerge that demonstrate the ubiquity of questions regarding cooperation in evolutionary biology: the generation and division of the profits of cooperation; transitions in individuality; levels of selection, from gene to organism; and the "human cooperation explosion" that makes our own social behavior particularly puzzling from an evolutionary perspective. Bradford Books imprint
The Breath of Life
Unveiling the secret language between your blood and your breath, "The Breath of Life" explores the fascinating dance of blood chemistry and respiration. You'll discover how microscopic changes in your blood composition act as silent conductors, orchestrating every inhale and exhale. We'll delve into the crucial role of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the lifeblood of cellular respiration, and how their levels in your bloodstream dictate your breathing rate and depth. The book explores the intricate mechanisms at play, from specialized receptors in your body that monitor these gases to the way your brain interprets the signals and adjusts your breathing accordingly. By understanding this delicate balance, "The Breath of Life" sheds light on conditions like sleep apnea and altitude sickness, where blood chemistry disrupts normal breathing patterns. This captivating journey will leave you with a newfound appreciation for the silent symphony occurring within you with every breath.
Beyond Food and Shelter
"Beyond Food and Shelter: The Role of Biotic Cues in Animal Breeding Sites" expands the conversation on habitat selection. It suggests that animals consider more than just basic needs when choosing a breeding ground. The title hints at the importance of biological factors, introducing the concept of "biotic cues." These cues could be explored further, mentioning examples like pheromones left by previous successful breeders or the presence of symbiotic species offering protection. Here's an example delving deeper: "Beyond Food and Shelter: The Role of Biotic Cues in Animal Breeding Sites." Animals seeking breeding grounds consider more than just basic necessities. This exploration dives into the fascinating world of biotic cues - biological signals that influence their decision-making. From pheromone trails left by successful breeders to the presence of symbiotic species offering protection, these cues play a crucial role in maximizing breeding success within the animal kingdom.
More Than Just Roots
DNA ancestry tests go beyond simply revealing your roots. This analysis delves beneath the surface, exploring the rich tapestry woven by your genetic heritage. We'll examine the science behind the test, how it deciphers ancestral clues hidden within your DNA. But the journey doesn't end there. We'll explore the cultural impact, how these tests illuminate family narratives or spark surprising discoveries. By analyzing these layers, DNA ancestry tests become more than just a map - they become a portal to understanding ethnicity, migration patterns, and the unique story encoded within your genes.
A Gentle Touch for the Brain
The human brain, a complex and powerful organ, often grapples with disorders that can significantly impact our lives. "A Gentle Touch for the Brain: The Advantages of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation" explores a revolutionary technique, TMS, offering a non-invasive and promising approach to brain stimulation for various neurological and psychiatric conditions. Imagine a treatment that bypasses surgery and medication, stimulating the brain directly. TMS utilizes magnetic pulses delivered through coils placed on the scalp. These painless pulses gently stimulate targeted brain regions, offering a new avenue for treatment. The advantages of TMS make it a compelling option for many: Non-Invasive and Painless: Unlike traditional brain surgery or deep brain stimulation, TMS avoids invasive procedures, offering a comfortable and safe experience. Reduced Side Effects: Compared to medications, TMS often has fewer and milder side effects, making it a well-tolerated treatment option for many patients. Targeted Therapy: TMS allows for precise stimulation of specific brain regions associated with various disorders, offering a more focused approach than traditional medications. The potential applications of TMS are vast: Treating Depression: For patients with major depressive disorder who haven't responded well to medication, TMS offers a ray of hope, providing relief and improving their quality of life. Beyond Depression: Research is exploring the use of TMS for treating other conditions like anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and even chronic pain, offering a broader scope of intervention. Unlocking Potential: TMS may have the potential to enhance cognitive functions like memory, attention, and motor control, offering benefits for individuals with learning disabilities or neurological impairments. While TMS holds immense promise, some challenges remain: Individualized Treatment: The effectiveness of TMS can vary significantly between individuals, necessitating personalized
Chemoreceptors and Ventilation
"Chemoreceptors and Ventilation" dives deep into the fascinating world of your body's breathing control system. Imagine tiny sentinels constantly monitoring the chemical makeup of your blood, these are chemoreceptors. The book unveils how these silent guardians, particularly sensitive to oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, send vital messages to your brain. These messages act like a master conductor, dictating the rhythm and depth of your breathing. We'll explore the different types of chemoreceptors, some nestled in your brain and others strategically placed near major arteries. You'll learn how changes in blood gas levels, like a decrease in oxygen during exercise, trigger chemoreceptors to signal for faster breathing. "Chemoreceptors and Ventilation" dismantles the complex yet elegant link between the chemistry of your blood and the rhythm of your breath, offering a deeper appreciation for this life-sustaining process.
Beyond Myosin Heavy Chains
While CAV1 expression in cardiomyocytes has remained controversial,18,19,20,21 CAV1 knock-out mice were associated with a phenotype of cardiac hypertrophy.100,101 Importantly, the hypertrophic heart changes in CAV1 knock-out mice were solely related to cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells.100,101 Since CAV1 was shown to inhibit the enzymatic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) function through direct protein interactions102, it is interesting that increased nitric oxide (NO) levels were identified in fibroblasts and endothelial cells of CAV1 knock-out mice.100,101 Chronically increased NO levels may induce fibrosis,103 which was proposed to cause myocardial hypertrophy.104 Moreover, CAV1 knock-out has been shown to decrease left-ventricular conduction velocity through decreased connexin-43 expression.105 Connexin-43 is essential for electrical coupling between myocytes at gap junctions106 In addition, a progressive cardiomyopathy at 4 months of age with significant hypertrophy was shown in CAV3 knock-out mice.107 T-tubule disorganization and a decreased T-tubule density were observed by confocal microscopy in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from CAV3 knock-out mice.108 Consistent with T-tubule remodeling in heart failure,109 fewer transverse and more longitudinal tubules were documented in CAV3 knock-out cardiomyocytes.108 Therefore, reorganization of T-tubules due to CAV3 deficiency was proposed to impair E-C coupling.108
DNA Ancestry Testing
DNA Ancestry Testing: A Look at the Science and Its Cultural Impact explores the fascinating intersection of genetics and identity. We'll delve into the scientific process, analyzing how DNA analysis provides clues about ancestral origins. But this journey goes beyond the lab. The impact of these tests on culture is undeniable, shaping how we understand our heritage and connect with communities. We'll explore how these tests can confirm existing family narratives or spark unexpected discoveries, prompting a deeper exploration of ethnicity and personal history.
From Dichotomy to Harmony
"Beyond the Pill: 3D Printing Technologies for Personalized Medicine" shatters the mold of traditional medication. This book explores the transformative potential of 3D printing, revolutionizing how we receive treatment. Forget the limitations of mass-produced pills! Imagine customized medications tailored to your unique needs. 3D printing allows for the creation of complex dosage forms, with precise release rates and potentially even combinations of multiple medications in a single print. "Beyond the Pill" delves into the benefits of personalized drug delivery, including improved adherence to treatment plans, reduced side effects, and potentially even more effective therapies. The book isn't just about pills. Explore how 3D printing can create implants with embedded drug delivery capabilities, offering targeted treatment options for various medical conditions. From cancer treatment to bone regeneration, the possibilities are vast. "Beyond the Pill" goes beyond the technology, exploring the ethical considerations and future directions of personalized medicine. This book empowers you to become an informed patient, ready to embrace the future of medicine, where treatment is as unique as you are.
Integrated Bioprocess Engineering
Bioprocess engineering employs microorganisms to produce biological products for medical and industrial applications. The book covers engineering tasks around- the cultivation process in bioreactors including media design, feeding strategies, or cell harvesting. All aspects are described from the conceptual considerations to technical realization and provide insight by detailed explanations, drawings, formulas, and example processes.
Advanced Research in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 60 years of age. Due to the aging of the global population in the coming decades, the number of patients with AMD is expected to increase significantly. The pathogenesis of AMD is based on a decrease in the metabolic and regenerative processes characteristic of aging and a violation of the microcirculation and structural organization of the retina, for which the prerequisites and mechanisms of the transition into the pathological process remain unclear. Therefore, studies on the molecular mechanisms of AMD pathogenesis and new approaches to its early diagnostics and treatments are urgently needed. In this Special Issue, authors were invited to contribute original clinical and experimental studies on different aspects related to the theme of "Advanced Research in AMD". Through these published articles, this Issue provided new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of AMD and has the potential to impact current and future knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of patients with AMD. New diagnostic approaches and treatment regimens, the development of multimodal visualization methods and the potential genetic and OCT markers of treatment response may help guide the future management of this disease.
Bioprocess Intensification
Application of Process Intensification (PI) presents a set of radically innovative principles in process and equipment design, which can bring significant benefits in terms of process efficiency, capital and operating expenses, quality, process safety, and sustainability. Typical approaches in bioprocess intensification are the reduction of the number of production steps, continuous processing, integrated processes, and alternative energy inputs.
Body Image, Nutrition and Mental Health
The Special Issue "Body Image, Nutrition, and Mental Health" examines and illuminates the complex relationships among body image, nutrition, and mental health. It covers the psychological and social risk factors of body image disturbances and associated disorders, biological aspects of appetite regulation and the metabolic syndrome, and therapeutic approaches for eating and weight disorders and their health consequences.
Chemical and Biochemical Processes for Energy Sources
This Issue illustrates the variety of contributions made by chemical and biochemical processes to the production of energy carriers, mostly renewables, to carbon dioxide processing (the capturing, storage, and recycling of value-added chemicals), and to some auxiliary unit operations make the recovery of the main product possible. The main renewable fuels considered are ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and methane production, as well as hydrogen production based on chemical catalysis and biological processes.
10th Anniversary of Biomedicines
The 10th Anniversary of Biomedicines-Translational Laboratory and Experimental Medicine for the Sake of Neurological Diseases and Mental Illnesses features a collection of 21 groundbreaking papers commemorating a decade of pioneering research into the complexities of the human mind, neurological diseases, and mental illnesses. This reprint explores the complex interactions that occur within the human brain, including neuroplasticity, cognitive responses, and the influence of aging and pathological conditions on behavior. Researchers and clinicians have dedicated themselves to bridging the gap between laboratory discoveries and clinical applications, unraveling the mysteries of brain function and mental health, and proposing novel therapeutic approaches and potential advances in the field. This articles included in this Special Issue crucially elucidate the mechanisms that underpin neurological disorders and mental illnesses by investigating neural circuits, plasticity, and brain adaptation. From studying the brain's ability to recover after a stroke to investigating the relationship between neural activity and cognitive function, this collection of papers exemplifies the unwavering dedication and innovation of biomedicine. As we commemorate a decade of groundbreaking research, these findings pave the way for future studies that aim to enhance the lives of people suffering from neurological conditions and mental health illnesses.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases 2.0
The aim of this special issue was to collect and contribute to the dissemination of high-quality research articles, as well as review articles, focusing on the relationship between oxidative-stress-related diseases and cellular responses in different pathologies, including ischemic stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular targets of cellular membranes, as well as their potential modulation under oxidative stress, will be also considered in an attempt to provide more information about cell response to oxidative stress and its possible modulation via novel pharmacological strategies.
From Abundance to Function
Cell membranes are bustling with proteins, so many that their sheer number has overshadowed their true significance. "From Abundance to Function: Exploring the Complex World of Membrane Proteins" sheds light on this hidden orchestra, revealing the intricate dance these proteins perform to keep cells alive. While their abundance is undeniable, membrane proteins are far more than just numerous residents. They are the gatekeepers, the channels, and the communication hubs of the cell. Imagine them as complex locks with specific keys: some usher in essential nutrients, others expel waste products, and still others relay signals between the cell's interior and the external world. Their intricate structures, a blend of form and function, allow them to perform a dazzling array of tasks: - Selective Entry: These gatekeepers meticulously control every molecule attempting to enter or leave the cell, ensuring only the necessary materials pass through. - Internal Operations: Embedded within the membrane, some proteins act as cellular factories, accelerating vital chemical reactions that power the cell's machinery. - Cellular Identity: Certain membrane proteins serve as unique identification tags, allowing cells to recognize and interact with their specific partners. Understanding this functional complexity holds immense potential for various fields: - Drug Discovery: By deciphering how specific membrane proteins function, scientists can design drugs that target them with laser focus, leading to more effective and targeted treatments. - Artificial Cells: By mimicking the structure and function of these proteins, scientists might one day create artificial cells with specific functionalities, paving the way for advancements in regenerative medicine. - Unveiling Diseases: Dysfunctional membrane proteins can be linked to various diseases. Understanding their roles may lead to the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. This exploration of the membrane protein
A Magnetic Spark
The human brain, a marvel of complexity, can sometimes struggle with disorders that impact our lives. "A Magnetic Spark: The Therapeutic Potential of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)" explores a revolutionary technique offering a non-invasive glimmer of hope: using magnetic fields to stimulate brain activity and potentially alleviate these conditions. Imagine a treatment method that bypasses surgery and medication, directly influencing brain function. Enter TMS. Using electromagnetic coils placed on the scalp, TMS delivers targeted magnetic pulses that painlessly stimulate specific brain regions associated with various disorders. These "sparks" offer a new approach to treatment. The potential benefits of TMS are compelling: - Non-invasive and Painless: Unlike traditional brain surgery or deep brain stimulation, TMS avoids invasive procedures, providing a safe and comfortable experience. - Reduced Side Effects: Compared to medications, TMS often has fewer and milder side effects, making it a well-tolerated option for many patients. - Targeted Therapy: TMS allows for precise stimulation of specific brain regions implicated in disorders, offering a more focused approach than traditional medications. The applications of TMS are diverse and hold immense promise: - Battling Depression: For those with major depressive disorder who haven't responded well to medication, TMS offers a ray of hope, providing relief and improving quality of life. - Beyond Depression: Research is exploring the use of TMS for other conditions like anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and even chronic pain, offering a broader scope of intervention. - Unlocking Potential: TMS may enhance cognitive functions like memory, attention, and motor control, potentially benefiting individuals with learning disabilities or neurological impairments. Despite its potential, challenges remain: - Individualized Treatment: The effectiveness of TMS can vary significantly between individuals, requiring pers
Virology Course Manual
This Virology textbook is intended for Licence 2 students in Medical Biology, Medicine, Pharmacy, Odontostomatology and Biology. The first part deals with the introduction to virology, definition of viruses, history, general characters, specificity of viruses, their dependence on host cell metabolism, structure of viruses (genome, capsid, lipid membrane, envelope, matrix, anti-receptors, naked viruses and enveloped viruses), helically symmetrical viruses, icosahedral symmetrical viruses and viruses with complex architecture. Viral taxonomy, the concept of viral species, the specificity of viral taxonomy, the collection and conservation of viruses, the development cycle according to the nature of the viral genome, the special case of plant viruses, etc. Special virology which deals with the new viruses and the diseases they cause in humans in detail. These include HIV, Poliovirus, SARS Cov 2, Hepatitis B Virus, Lassa Virus, Ebola Virus, Marburg Virus, Influenza Virus and Measles Virus. The final section covers diagnostic methods for viral infectious diseases.
Unveiling the Brain's Nanoscale Secrets
"Unveiling the Brain's Nanoscale Secrets: A Look Inside Synaptic Function" shrinks your world down to an incredible scale. This book isn't science fiction; it's a thrilling exploration of the brain on a mind-blowing level - the nanoscale! Here, synapses, the brain's communication junctions, take center stage. Imagine zooming in on a single thought, and witnessing the intricate dance of molecules within a synapse. "Unveiling the Brain's Nanoscale Secrets" delves into the astonishingly tiny machinery that governs how brain cells talk to each other. The book explores the proteins, lipids, and other nanoscale players that orchestrate this communication. It reveals how this choreography influences everything from memory formation to learning and even consciousness. Readers will discover cutting-edge research that's decoding the mysteries of synaptic function at the atomic level. This knowledge is not just for scientific curiosity; it holds the key to unlocking new treatments for brain disorders and neurological diseases. "Unveiling the Brain's Nanoscale Secrets" is a captivating voyage into the heart of the mind. It unveils the incredible power of the brain's nanoscale world and offers a glimpse into the future of brain research.
Sermon On The Beach
This 2024 presentation is biologist Jeremy Griffith's already famous summarising 'Sermon On The Beach' (as people are calling it) SOLUTION TO ALL YOUR, AND THE HUMAN RACE'S, PROBLEMS! Firstly, people aren't calling it a 'Sermon' because it's religious, but because, like Christ's 'Sermon on the Mount'-which was his great call to action, his great selling of the wonders of Christianity's ability to relieve humans of their distressed human condition-Jeremy's presentation is his great call to action to actually end the agony of the human condition that the finding of the redeeming and rehabilitating biological explanation of the human condition finally makes possible.And what Jeremy is 'summarising' is how this great rehabilitation of the human race takes place, which is presented in more detail in The Great Transformation video and booklet. Both it and this presentation are freely available at HumanCondition.com.The reason this talk by Jeremy has already become famous is because, as a viewer said, 'It absolutely floodlights the pathway that the whole human race now takes out of Plato's dark cave of denial and delusion that has been crippling the human race and which we have all had enough of!' Yes, what this truly incredible talk does is cement in the foundations for what will become the biggest and most exciting movement the world has ever seen-because it is the realisation of what the scientist-philosopher Teilhard de Chardin anticipated when he wrote, 'The Truth has to only appear once...​for it to be impossible for anything ever to prevent it from spreading universally and setting everything ablaze'!
Plant histology
The vascular plants that colonize the land are the most important source for various human needs, such as food, protection and care. The study of plants has been a necessity since the dawn of time. The need to classify plants in order to identify them has led to the development of various plant study techniques. The morphology of a plant is the consequence of the characteristics of the internal structure of its organism. The development of microscopy has made it possible to study this internal structure. A plant organism is made up of a set of cells organized into tissues. The study of tissues is called histology. Biologists use histology to understand other fields such as physiology and biochemistry. Plant histology is particularly important in pharmacognosy, where drugs are made up of plant fragments whose external morphology is not suitable for identification.
Reactive Species
The fine balance in reactive species (RS) levels inside the cell, or redox homeostasis, is crucial for normal life. RS are molecules such as hydroxyl, superoxide, and others whose reaction rates are typically high. Further, RS are now accepted as the molecular mediators of stresses on cells. RS are also implicated in many diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.In contrast to the popular view that RS are deleterious, this book discusses desirable outcomes from the manipulation of reactive species levels in the cells. The discoveries include a fundamental approach to overcome major limitations with traditional oxygen supply to bioreactors, a mere treatment of the inoculum to significantly (sometimes many-fold) increase productivity of bio-oil, enzymes, and other products from bioprocesses, unexpected effect of shear on cultivated cells, rhythms in intracellular reactive species levels and resetting the rhythm to significantly improve cancer drug efficiency.The book concludes with a description of a scalable reactive species module -- one that can be integrated with any genome scale model to gain significant insights into the RS effects on metabolism.
Beyond Human Friendships
Social bonds aren't just for humans. From chimpanzees grooming each other to elephant matriarchies protecting young, the animal kingdom brims with examples of powerful connections. These bonds go beyond mere friendship, offering a range of benefits: cooperative hunting in wolves strengthens the pack, while vampire bats share blood with weaker members, promoting group survival. These connections are often forged through shared experiences, building trust and fostering altruistic behavior. Whether through grooming, play, or communication, these social bonds form the bedrock of animal societies, highlighting the deep evolutionary drive for connection that extends far beyond our own species.
Stochastic Modeling in Biological System
This Reprint includes some research articles covering advances in the theory of stochastic modeling in Biology. In this framework, continuous- and discrete-time stochastic processes, as well as stochastic differential equations, fractional differential equations, correlated processes, first-passage-time problems, stochastic optimal controls, parameter estimation, and simulation techniques, are treated.The topics include stochastic processes for neuronal activity, jump-diffusion processes, first-passage-time problems, Markov and semi-Markov processes, time-changed processes, Markov chains, fractional processes, and fractional Brownian motion.
Marine Fish Oils as Functional Foods
Fish oil is considered a healthy food due to the presence of large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA. Fish oil dietary supplements are usually in triacylglycerol (TAG) and ethyl ester (EE) forms. The main forms of EPA/DHA in marine foods are TAGs and phospholipids (PLs). PL forms and traditional fish oil supplements have different nutritional functions and constitute the most popular research topics within EPA/DHA-enriched structural lipids. Moreover, there is an increasing number of high-purity DHA or EPA products; therefore, it is essential to clarify the differences in physiological activity between DHA and EPA, as well as the differences in disease treatment and prevention, exploring new physiological regulatory functions and analyzing their molecular mechanisms. In recent years, researchers have also focused on the structural modification and derivatives of EPA/DHA. Such studies will contribute to the development and applications of fish oils as functional foods. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the potential of marine fish oils as functional foods. We welcomed all original research articles, reviews, perspectives, and method papers that focus on, but are not limited to, the following themes: The structure-activity relationship of fish oil in different molecular species to maintain human health and prevent chronic disease; The evaluation of novel functions and an analysis of the possible underlying mechanisms of high-purity DHA or EPA; To explore the impact of fish oil on human health at different stages of the life cycle, such as early-life nutrition.
The Effects of Housing and Management on the Behaviour and Welfare of Hens and Broilers
This Special Issue focuses on current housing and management trends in laying hens and broilers, bringing readers the most up-to-date information from reputable scientists working in these fields. Housing and management practices have a significant influence on the health and wellbeing of poultry, such as hens and broilers. In recent years, many housing trends have changed, for example with the increased use of multi-tier aviaries for hens (and the rearing of pullets), the move away from caged egg production, or the use of windows in broiler housing. Management practices are also changing on a regular basis, with many countries aiming to stop routine beak trimming in laying hens or the increased practice of providing natural light to hens and broilers. Such changes can have an influence on how birds behave, their welfare, and their production. This Special Issue aims to elucidate some of these influencers on our most prolific production animal.
Antioxidant Activity of Foods and Natural Products
Antioxidants are a point of focus for different research fields due to their potential oxidative stress prevention and multiple biological properties, potentiating several industrial applications. This reprint provides new insights into the antioxidant properties of foods and natural products, important structural features and the mechanisms of action of antioxidants and pro-oxidants, as well as antioxidants and pro-oxidants' potential health-promoting effects.
Phytochemicals and Chronic Diseases Prevention
This Special Issue, entitled "Phytochemicals and Prevention of Chronic Diseases", features a series of high-quality research articles that explore the isolation, identification, and bioactivities of phytochemicals, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated in chronic diseases via antioxidation, neuroprotection, and the modulation of the gut microbiota.
Artificial Intelligence in Cancer, Biology and Oncology
This reprint covers some significant impacts in recent research, in both the private and public sectors of cancer biology and oncology, in which artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are significant. This reprint is also a collection of forty different complex and challenging problems arranged in five groups which are focused on AI in diagnosis and therapy: AI in prognosis, grading and prediction; AI in clinical image analysis; AI models for pathological diagnosis; ML and statistical models for molecular cancer diagnostics and genetics; and AI in cancer triage, risk stratification, and screening. All necessary concepts, solutions, methodologies, and references are supplied, except for some fundamental knowledge that is well known in the general fields of AI and cancer, biology, and oncology. The readers may therefore gain the main concepts of each chapter, little need to refer to the concepts of the other chapters and references. The readers may hence start to read one or more chapters of the reprint according to their own interests.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish
With the development of the aquatic feed industry, new feedstuff and feed additives have been developed, but their roles on the growth and immunity of different aquaculture animals remain to be examined. In addition to essential nutrients, feedstuffs and feed additives must contain some biologically active constituents to support fish growth and wellness. However, some also have adverse effects on growth performance through the introduction of undesirable materials. This Special Issue focuses on the application of feedstuffs and additives in aquaculture species' growth and immunity, especially recently developed feedstuff and additives.
Plant Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
The aim of this reprint is to present the latest advances in plant genetic engineering and biotechnology published in Plants. In this Special Issue, several important economic and cereal crops, Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Coffea arabica, Nasturtium officinale, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Passiflora edulis, Solanum betaceum, Solanum tuberosum, and Solanum lycopersicum, are included. Several important gene families, including the cytochrome P450 superfamily, the R2R3-MYB subfamily, the MYB superfamily in Brassica, and the NAC in Passiflora edulis, are extensively analyzed, and the function and potential application of several genes, such as BnCYP704B1a and BnCYP704B1b for genic male sterility, PeNAC-19 for low temperature, and the SUPERMAN-like gene for fruit size control, is determined. A set of new methods is presented for gene transformation and plant propagation. Efficient markers for CMS breeding in oilseed rape and novel reference genes in rice are also reported. In addition, advancements in carotenoid metabolism and in the flavonoid regulation of Brassica, as well as guidelines of genome editing for gene validation and trait improvement, are investigated. In this reprint, leading experts in the field share their insights, research findings, and visions for the future. Overall, this is significant in the sustainable development of crops.
Plant Adaptation to Extreme Environments in Drylands-Series II
Our reprint consists of 13 papers. The first paper is a summary of all the papers. In the second and third papers, foliar water uptake and its driving mechanisms are addressed. In the fourth and fifth papers, differences in functional traits, including chemical and physiological traits, across water environmental gradients and between organic tissues are examined. The sixth paper describes the effects of trait variation on plant diversity and ecosystem function. The seventh and eighth papers investigate the differences in nutrients between different tissues in plants and how they vary along environmental gradients. In the ninth study, the changes in tree cavities across the environmental gradient are expounded. Papers ten through eleventh describe the relationship among soil microbes, plants, and the environment. The twelve paper describes the vegetation response to runoff changes at the landscape scale. The last paper studies the impact of highway construction on ecosystem function.
High Fat Diet with Chronic Diseases
This Special Issue, "High Fat Diet with Chronic Diseases," delves into the intricate relationship between dietary fat intake and chronic disease. Via a comprehensive exploration of topics such as obesity and metabolic disorders, pancreatic health and diabetes, skeletal and muscle health, and neurological and cognitive function, it provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between dietary factors and chronic diseases. Emphasizing the role of nutritional supplements in addressing obesity and metabolic disorders and tailored interventions for specific populations, this Special Issue also sheds light on glucose regulation and diabetes, offering promising avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, studies on the impact of obesity on bone, muscle health, and cognitive function offer insights into potential interventions like exercise and caloric restriction. In summary, this Special Issue serves as a platform to enhance the understanding of the mechanism underlying dietary fat intake and chronic diseases, providing valuable perspectives for prevention and treatment strategies.
Advances in Anatomy and Its History
The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a broad view on the studies that focus on the anatomical field, and to stimulate a holistic and humanistic perspective, taking into account the innumerous connections between the history of anatomy and the recent advances of this discipline. Multidisciplinary approaches related to anatomy include historical aspects, morphological techniques, anatomical education, and comparative and veterinary anatomy. Anatomical variations, advances in imaging techniques, and surgical implications are also considered. Leading experts in the morphological field provide their research findings, opinions, and novel perspectives. In line with this purpose, we try to find new stimuli and resources in the modern era, in order to interpret a constructive role for the ancient history of anatomy in the medicine of the future.
New Progeria Mutation Reveals Key Player in Nuclear Function and Aging
"New Progeria Mutation Reveals Key Player in Nuclear Function and Aging" delves into a recent scientific discovery that sheds light on the aging process. Progeria is a rare and heartbreaking disease that causes rapid aging in children. This book explores a new mutation in the gene responsible for progeria. By studying this mutation, scientists have gained a deeper understanding of a critical protein involved in the function of the cell nucleus. The nucleus, often referred to as the "control center" of the cell, plays a vital role in various cellular processes. Understanding how this protein functions within the nucleus is crucial for comprehending how cells age and malfunction in progeria. This newfound knowledge paves the way for potential future therapies to combat progeria and potentially even age-related diseases.
Association of chronotype with obesity and metabolic syndrome in young adults
Essay from the year 2023 in the subject Biology - Physiology, course: Bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery, language: English, abstract: This essay examines the impact of chronotype on obesity and metabolic syndrome in young adults. The study is particularly relevant in the context of the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in India, which is already considered the land of diabetes and has a genetic predisposition to coronary heart disease. Chronotype, which reflects a preference for certain times of the day, influences various health and behavioral problems. There is evidence that evening types have a higher risk of eating disorders and chronic sleep deprivation, which in turn is associated with obesity and diabetes. This study aims to analyze the relationship between chronotype and risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome in young Indian adults.
Biology of Stem Cells
Dive into the dynamic world of stem cell biology with 'Biology of Stem Cells.' This comprehensive reference book offers a rich exploration of the fundamental principles, diverse applications, and ethical considerations surrounding stem cell research. From an in-depth introduction to the various types of stem cells and their roles in development and regeneration to a detailed examination of cutting-edge therapies and emerging technologies, this book provides readers with a thorough understanding of this rapidly evolving field. Whether you're a student, researcher, clinician, or simply curious about the potential of stem cells to revolutionize medicine, 'Biology of Stem Cells' serves as an indispensable guide. Written by experts in the field, this book navigates complex topics with clarity and insight, making it accessible to readers at all levels of expertise. Engaging and informative, 'Biology of Stem Cells' invites readers to explore the frontiers of science and discover the profound impact of stem cells on the future of healthcare.
The Journey of Genetic Information
Imagine a complex play, where meticulous instructions guide every actor on stage. Within each cell, a similar marvel unfolds. The title, "The Journey of Genetic Information: How DNA Guides Cellular Function," unveils the fascinating story of DNA, the conductor of this cellular symphony. Our genetic blueprint resides in DNA, a twisted double helix. Within this molecule lies the code for life, with genes acting as specific chapters. These genes contain instructions for building proteins, the versatile workhorses of the cell. But how does the information travel? The journey involves a well-coordinated dance: - Transcription: DNA is first transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), a mobile copy of the gene's instructions. This mRNA acts as the messenger, carrying the code out of the nucleus. - Translation: The mRNA then travels to the ribosomes, cellular factories where the protein is assembled based on the code. - Regulation: Throughout this process, complex mechanisms ensure the right genes are expressed at the right time and in the right amount, ensuring cellular harmony. Understanding this intricate dance unlocks the secrets of life: - Cellular Diversity: Different cell types express unique sets of genes, leading to their specialized functions - muscle cells contract, nerve cells transmit signals, and so on. - Inherited Traits: Variations in genes can influence physical characteristics and susceptibility to diseases. - Medicine's Future: Knowledge of DNA's role in cellular function paves the way for gene therapies and personalized medicine approaches. The journey of genetic information is a captivating tale, filled with intricate steps and profound implications. By deciphering this code, we gain a deeper appreciation for the wonders of life and unlock possibilities for a healthier future.
Beyond Disease and Dissection
For centuries, our understanding of the brain has relied on dissecting its parts and studying them in isolation. While this approach has yielded valuable insights into specific brain functions, it neglects the bigger picture - the brain as a dynamic, interconnected whole. This article advocates for a "holistic view" of brain function. This approach moves beyond disease and dissection, focusing on understanding how different brain regions work together to create our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Imagine the brain as a symphony orchestra, with each region playing a specific instrument. To truly appreciate the music, we need to understand not
Beyond the Dish
Traditional cell culture methods, primarily utilizing flat, two-dimensional (2D) plastic dishes, have long been the cornerstone of biological research. However, these models often fail to accurately reflect the complexities of natural cellular environments. This limitation hinders our ability to fully understand fundamental cellular processes, including DNA repair. DNA, the blueprint of life, is constantly under attack from various sources, such as ultraviolet radiation, free radicals, and mutagenic chemicals. Cells possess intricate DNA repair mechanisms to counteract this damage and maintain genomic integrity. However, studying these mechanisms in a dish often falls short due to the lack of three-dimensional (3D) architecture, cell-cell interactions, and physiological cues present in living tissues. Limitations of 2D Cell Culture Models 2D cultures offer a simplified and controlled environment for studying cells. However, this very simplicity becomes a drawback when investigating DNA repair. Here's why: - Lack of 3D architecture: Cells in their natural state reside in a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides structural support, biochemical cues, and influences cell behavior. Flat plastic dishes lack this crucial element, leading to altered cell morphology, gene expression, and ultimately, DNA repair efficiency.
