Photodynamic Therapy 2021
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light-based photochemistry process. The illumination of a photoactivatable molecule (also called photosensitizer) with visible or near infrared light produces reactive oxygen toxic species to destroy tumor cells. This treatment modality leads to highly targeted actions, because reactive oxygen species are produced only where light is applied. Light is not harmful, nor is the photoactivable molecule. Only the combination of three elements (photosensitizer, oxygen, and light) is required to induce photo-oxidation reactions. PDT has proven to be a promising modality in many medical applications including cutaneous condition, infectious diseases, and various cancers at different stages. This book is a reprint of the Special Issue "Photodynamic Therapy 2021" that was published in Pharmaceuticals.
Aquatic Insects
Insects have successfully inhabited all freshwater habitats on Earth and are often the most diverse and abundant species in streams and ponds. With a disproportionally high species richness compared to the area covered by freshwaters, aquatic insects represent a hotspot of diversity. They play crucial roles in aquatic food webs as primary consumers, detritivores, and predators, but they also represent an important food resource for aquatic and terrestrial predators. Many aquatic insect orders, such as mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies, include taxa that are highly sensitive to habitat alterations, reflecting the health of the overall aquatic ecosystem. This feature is exploited by many scientists and practitioners around the world for water and environment quality monitoring. Despite their importance in term of diversity, ecosystem services and bioindication, many aquatic insect species are critically endangered, mainly due to anthropogenic pressures on freshwaters and climate change. Although the research efforts on aquatic insects tremendously increased during the 21st century, much is still left undiscovered. This Special Issue addresses existing knowledge gaps and increases our understanding of taxonomic diversity and phylogeny, distribution patterns, and community ecology of aquatic insects through 15 new studies that cover most of the aquatic insect orders over a wide geographic range. In a context of rapid global biodiversity loss, accelerating the acquisition of both fundamental and applied knowledge is crucial.
Effect of Diet and Physical Activity on Cancer Prevention and Control
Diet, physical activity, and body weight status (including body composition) are increasingly recognized as key factors that influence cancer across its continuum. Observational studies as well as basic research in cell culture and animal models provide evidence that several mononutrients and phytochemicals play a protective role either in hindering normal cells from transforming to precancerous lesions or in slowing the dysregulated cell growth that occurs in the later stages of disease. Similar evidence exists for physical activity and body habitus. As findings from these studies emerge, interventions are designed to ultimately test the impact of various dietary and exercise regimens directly on populations at risk - whether that be in individuals who are cancer-free but who may have increased risk due to family history, or in cancer survivors who are at risk for cancer progression or the occurrence of a new second malignancy. This book includes manuscripts that focus on diet, physical activity, and/or weight status in relation to cancer prevention and control, as well as symptom management. The order of articles follows the cancer continuum. The book begins with the role of diet and exercise in the primary prevention of cancer in both normal and high-risk individuals, and then focuses on preventing neoplastic progression in those who are newly diagnosed with the disease. Later chapters center on dietary and physical activity as key factors in cancer survivorship, and finally concluding with works attributing dietary and physical activity factors on cancer survival.
Anti-aging Nutrients with Health Beneficial Effects
Recently, many kinds of foods and food-derived nutrients have been reported to show health-beneficial effects. In particular, some foods and food-derived nutrients have shown anti-aging effects on several organs and tissues, such as brain, muscle, skin, intestine, and so on. In some kinds of foods, the molecular basis of their functionalities (e.g., anti-brain aging, anti-sarcopenia, and anti-skin aging) and inter-tissue networks activated by these foods mediated by exosomes, cytokines, and immune cells have been clarified in detail.
Clinical Nutrition
Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges織 a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided.Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges織 a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided.
An Introduction to the History of Chronobiology, Volume 2
In three volumes, historian Jole Shackelford delineates the history of the study of biological rhythms--now widely known as chronobiology--from antiquity into the twentieth century. Perhaps the most well-known biological rhythm is the circadian rhythm, tied to the cycles of day and night and often referred to as the "body clock." But there are many other biological rhythms, and although scientists and the natural philosophers who preceded them have long known about them, only in the past thirty years have a handful of pioneering scientists begun to study such rhythms in plants and animals seriously. Tracing the intellectual and institutional development of biological rhythm studies, Shackelford offers a meaningful, evidence-based account of a field that today holds great promise for applications in agriculture, health care, and public health. Volume 1 follows early biological observations and research, chiefly on plants; volume 2 turns to animal and human rhythms and the disciplinary contexts for chronobiological investigation; and volume 3 focuses primarily on twentieth-century researchers who modeled biological clocks and sought them out, including three molecular biologists whose work in determining clock mechanisms earned them a Nobel Prize in 2017.
Your Designed Body
Consider your body. Every day it must solve hundreds of hard engineering problems simultaneously, or else you'll die. While you're going about your daily business, your body stores, retrieves, translates, and manages software for thousands of proteins, switches, setpoints, thresholds, feedback loops, coordinate systems, counters, and timers. It disassembles thousands of different complex molecules, converts them into their building blocks, absorbs the building blocks, then reassembles them into the legions of chemicals and proteins that keep you going.Your body also safely transports hazardous chemicals to where they're needed, without spilling them in places where they'd do harm, and employs them as it orchestrates thousands of complex processes and movements, some nearly instantaneous. At the same time it defends itself against threats large and small, and reproduces its own parts to replace those that are wearing out. And this is only a tiny portion of what your body must do to remain alive-all without conscious input from you.In Your Designed Body, systems engineer Steve Laufmann and physician Howard Glicksman explore this extraordinary system of systems encompassing thousands of ingenious and interdependent engineering solutions. They present a compelling case that no gradual evolutionary pathway could have achieved this, and that instead it must be the handiwork of a masterful designer-engineer.
Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity as Healthy Lifestyles for Human Health
Over the last few decades, the Mediterranean Diet (MD), characterized by a high intake of vegetables, legumes, fruits, nuts, dairy products and non-refined cereals, a moderate intake of fish and poultry, and a low intake of red meat and sweets, has been recognized as a model for healthy eating. Indeed, adhering to the MD reduces the risk of metabolic and non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity cardiovascular disease and cancer. As an integral part of the traditional Mediterranean lifestyle, regular physical activity (PA) is also associated with a reduced risk of chronic degenerative diseases, even if results often vary according to different types, duration and intensity or volume of PA. The World Health Organization recommends performing moderate-intensity PA for >=150 min/week, and vigorous-intensity PA for >=2 days/week to have these health benefits. It is viable to hypothesize that promoting adherence to the MD along with PA guidelines might provide a more comprehensive endorsement to obtain greater health benefits, over and above those acquired separately by the MD and PA.Thus, the ongoing promotion and monitoring of the MD pattern, including eating habits and PA, is crucially important at all life stages. Potential topics may include, but are not limited to, examining the impact of adherence to the MD and PA on health in different life stages as well as on metabolic risk factors and subsequent disease outcomes.
Mapping Genetic Interactions
This volume details methods of identifying synthetic lethal, genetic interactions by various approaches in different model systems including human cancer cells. Chapters guide readers through genetic interactions in model organisms, RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing technologies, drug-gene interactions, mapping chemical genetic interactions, synergistic drug-gene relations, single cell sequencing, gene expression profiling, and novel genetic interactions. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Genetic Interaction Mapping aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.
Enzyme Engineering
This book provides comprehensive methods and protocols about enzyme design. The chapters are grouped by main topic, starting with methodologies describing library preparation and screening, state of the art techniques in directed evolution and rational design, followed by examples of immobilization of enzymes on sustainable polymers, as well as biocatalytic conversions mediated by homogenous enzymatic preparations or whole cells. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and timely, Enzyme Engineering: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for both the novice and the veteran researcher interested in biocatalysis.Chapter 13 is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a broad range of sporadic and/or familial debilitating conditions characterized by the progressive dysfunction and loss of selective neuronal populations, determining different clinical phenotypes. Emerging research data indicate an interplay of genetic factors and epigenetic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative processes, which lead to increased prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders. In concert with the constant increase in the aging population, neurodegenerative disorders currently represent a major challenge to public health worldwide. Despite recent advances in clinical and preclinical research, the pathogenesis of these disorders still remains poorly understood, without effective treatments being available to halt the neurodegenerative processes, but rather aiming at relieving symptoms. Therefore, a critical evaluation of current research data and in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration are crucial in order to identify potential therapeutic targets that can pave the way to the development of novel and promising therapies. This Special Issue is focused on novel molecular data in the field of neurodegeneration that associate with the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. We are particularly interested in original articles and reviews that provide new insights into the main molecular pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders, aiming to identify potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies.
Synthesis, Applications and Biological Impact of Nanocellulose
This book aims to highlight recent advances in the synthesis of nanocellulose and surface modifications for the design of functional nanocellulose, as well as its applications and potential biological impact. It features two review articles and four original research articles which targets a broad readership of chemists, materials scientists, biochemists, nanotechnologists and others with an interest in nanocellulose research.
Symmetry in Human Evolution, from Biology to Behaviours
Our knowledge of human evolution has made particular progress recently, due to the discovery of new fossils, the use of new methods and multidisciplinary approaches. Moreover, studies on the departure from symmetry, including variations in fluctuating or directional asymmetries, have contributed to the expansion of this knowledge. This Special Issue brings together articles that deal with symmetry and human evolution. The notion of symmetry is addressed, including whether to reconstruct deformed fossil specimens, study biological variations within hominins or compare them with extant primates, address the shape of the brain or seek possible relationships between biological and behavioural data.
Vascular Tissue Engineering
This volume explores the latest techniques used to study the field of tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). The chapters in this book cover a wide array of topics such as deriving vascular cells from monocytes and induced pluripotent stem cells; engineering vascular grafts using various biomaterials and stem cells, stem cell-derived, or primary vascular cells; biomaterial modification by anticoagulation molecules; vascular bioengineering technologies such as 3D bioprinting; and fabrication of TEVGs with different geometry and multiphase structures. This book also features protocols for grafting and evaluation of vascular grafts in animal models, vascular imaging in animals, and the quantification of blood vessel permeability. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tipson troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Vascular Tissue Engineering: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for biomedical engineers, cell biologists, vascular surgeons, doctors, and nurses.
Drosophila Information Service, 2017, Volume 100
This journal presents original research articles on the genetics, developmental biology, and population biology of Drosophila melanogaster. Articles include research reports, teaching experiments, new mutations, and announcements of interest to the research and educational scientific community.
Drosophila Information Service December 2018 Vol. 101
This journal presents original research articles on the genetics, developmental biology, and population biology of Drosophila melanogaster. Articles include research reports, teaching experiments, new mutations, and announcements of interest to the research and educational scientific community.
Biotechnology: Scientific Advancement Versus Public Safety
In this book, Dr Quintyn considers whether genetic engineering will exacerbate social injustices and/or lead to public safety issues. As designer babies mature, will they feel a sense of superiority or pass on mutations that negatively affect future generations? Should we ignore the risk of zoonotic (animal) diseases because they offer potential benefits for reducing organ shortages? Scientific advancement, if not guided responsibly and with public input, can be detrimental to public safety.This book is unique as it encompasses many biotechnologies within the definition of biotechnology. It gives a balanced view of biotechnology: its promise as evidenced in repairing mutations (i.e., genetic editing) and its dangers evidenced in creating (unintentionally) dangerous microbes or unregulated germline editing and cloning. Additionally, this book includes animals in biotechnological research because the success, advances, techniques, and science of genetic engineering could not have occurred without using animals (and microorganisms, insects, plants) as model organisms. A comprehensive description of the CRISPR system in bacteria and the exploitation of this knowledge in creating the CRISPR/Cas9 technology is also incorporated in this read.The author's overall goal is to discuss other biotechnology that is being used to improve and put at risk the health, environment, and safety of humans, giving the book a competitive edge. Furthermore, the book provides a provocative side in challenging scientists to consider the current belief governing research and development, which is that scientific advancement and public safety create a false dichotomy.
Biochemical Terminology
Languages are like organisms, they do not appear by spontaneous creation, they evolve, and so it is with the particular terminology of biochemistry which, as I document here, largely derives from Latin and Ancient Greek root words. In the early part of the 19th century, when chemistry had shaken off the shackles of alchemy, new elements, new compounds, new techniques were discovered that needed names. It was the classical languages, Greek and Latin, to which these early scientists turned. As chemical approaches were applied to biology, much molecular terminology has also derived from these languages. In this book the common technical terms encountered in biochemistry and related subjects are defined and their derivation from root words in Latin and Ancient Greek explained.
Biochemical Terminology
Languages are like organisms, they do not appear by spontaneous creation, they evolve, and so it is with the particular terminology of biochemistry which, as I document here, largely derives from Latin and Ancient Greek root words. In the early part of the 19th century, when chemistry had shaken off the shackles of alchemy, new elements, new compounds, new techniques were discovered that needed names. It was the classical languages, Greek and Latin, to which these early scientists turned. As chemical approaches were applied to biology, much molecular terminology has also derived from these languages. In this book the common technical terms encountered in biochemistry and related subjects are defined and their derivation from root words in Latin and Ancient Greek explained.
Studies on Leaf Extract on Bacterial Strains associated with Human Infections
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: 3.21, Obafemi Awolowo University, language: English, abstract: This paper is about studies on leaf extract of "Napoleona vogelii" on bacterial strains associated with human infections. "Napoleona vogelii" is most commonly used in herbal preparations to cure wounds, burns, fever, pneumonia, syphilis, and staphylococcal infections. This work was carried out to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the extract from "Napoleona vogelii" leaves on some bacterial strains. The leaves of "Napoleona vogelii" were collected and air dried until constant weight of the sample was achieved. The sample was grounded into fine powder and extracted using methanol and sterile distilled water solution in the ratio 3:2 (v/v) for 96 hours with regular agitation. The supernatant was filtered and concentrated in vacuo using a rotary evaporator to expel the methanol, and the aqueous part was then lyophilized to obtain the crude extract. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was tested against some selected bacterial strains using agar well diffusion method. Streptomycin was used as positive control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined using standard methods. The mean diameter of the zones of inhibition exhibited by the plant extract against the bacterial strains ranged between 13 mm to 17 mm, while the diameter of zones of inhibition exhibited by streptomycin ranged from 14 mm to 25 mm. The MIC value was between 1.09 mg/ml and 17.5 mg/ml while the MBC value ranged between 2.19 mg/ml and 17.5 mg/ml. The phytochemical screening of the plant extract showed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and carbohydrate. In conclusion, the extract obtained from "Napoleona vogelii" leaves exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against the test organisms
Nutrition Challenges for Middle-Aged and Older Women
During the menopausal transition and postmenopausal periods, women are affected by a variety of symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Non-specific somatic symptoms are also common, including muscle and joint pain, tiredness, and dizziness. Some of these effects (particularly vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy) are closely associated with estrogen deficiency, but the exact mechanisms underlying the other symptoms are not fully understood.Postmenopausal women are also at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity as a net effect of central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, as well as for osteoporosis, cognitive decline, and genitourinary syndrome of menopause.Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has played a central role in improving menopausal symptoms and reducing the disease risks associated with estrogen deficiency. However, due to growing concern for the side effects of HRT, especially in patients with hormone-sensitive cancer such as breast and uterus cancer, research has turned to the effects of nutraceutical approaches to these symptoms and diseases.In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we would like to bring together manuscripts dealing with the topic of "Nutrition Challenges for Middle-Aged and Older Women". Topics may include dietary interventions with foods, altered nutrient intake or food supplements, and specific dietary pattern interventions, such as the Mediterranean Diet or calorie restriction, in humans.
Ancestors in Evolutionary Biology
Phylogenetics emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century as a speculative storytelling discipline dedicated to providing narrative explanations for the evolution of taxa and their traits. It coincided with lineage thinking, a process that mentally traces character evolution along lineages of hypothetical ancestors. Ancestors in Evolutionary Biology traces the history of narrative phylogenetics and lineage thinking to the present day, drawing on perspectives from the history of science, philosophy of science, and contemporary scientific debates. It shows how the power of phylogenetic hypotheses to explain evolution resides in the precursor traits of hypothetical ancestors. This book provides a comprehensive exploration of the topic of ancestors, which is central to modern biology, and is therefore of interest to graduate students, researchers, and academics in evolutionary biology, palaeontology, philosophy of science, and the history of science.
The Origin and Early Evolutionary History of Snakes
Snakes comprise nearly 4,000 extant species found on all major continents except Antarctica. Morphologically and ecologically diverse, they include burrowing, arboreal, and marine forms, feeding on prey ranging from insects to large mammals. Snakes are strikingly different from their closest lizard relatives, and their origins and early diversification have long challenged and enthused evolutionary biologists. The origin and early evolution of snakes is a broad, interdisciplinary topic for which experts in palaeontology, ecology, physiology, embryology, phylogenetics, and molecular biology have made important contributions. The last 25 years has seen a surge of interest, resulting partly from new fossil material, but also from new techniques in molecular and systematic biology. This volume summarises and discusses the state of our knowledge, approaches, data, and ongoing debates. It provides reviews, syntheses, new data and perspectives on a wide range of topics relevant to students and researchers in evolutionary biology, neontology, and palaeontology.
What's in Your Genome?
What's in Your Genome? describes the functional regions of the human genome, the evidence that 90% of it is junk DNA, and the reasons this evidence has not been widely accepted by the popular press and much of the scientific community.The human genome contains about 25,000 protein-coding and noncoding genes and many other functional elements, such as origins of replication, regulatory elements, and centromeres. Functional elements occupy only about 10 percent of the more than three billion base pairs in the human genome. Much of the rest is composed of ancient fragments of broken genes, transposons, and viruses. Almost all of this is thought to be junk DNA, based on evidence that dates back fifty years. This conclusion is controversial. What's in Your Genome? describes the arguments on both sides of the debate and attempts to explain the reasoning behind those different points of view. The book corrects a number of false narratives that have arisen in recent years and examines how they have affected the debate over junk DNA. In addition, Laurence A. Moran focuses on scientific misconceptions and misinformation and on how the junk DNA controversy has been incorrectly portrayed in both the scientific literature and the popular press. Tracing the earliest indications of junk DNA back to the 1960s, the book explains the success of nearly neutral theory and the importance of random genetic drift, which gave rise to the view that evolution produces sloppy genomes full of junk DNA. What's in Your Genome? aims to offer the most accurate and current account of the human genome.
Detection of Cell Death Mechanisms
This volume provides detailed protocols for the performance, analysis, and troubleshooting of in vitro and in vivo experiments related to programmed cell death. Chapters compile conventional techniques such as western blot and qPCR and state-of-the art transmission electron microscopy and real-time multiplexed imaging assays. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, application details for both the expert and non-expert reader, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Detection of Cell Death Mechanisms: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure seamless execution of protocols on specific cell death type.
Gregor Johann Mendel
The book maps the ways to the analysis of the genome of Gregor Johann Mendel, a project which was carried out to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of this important scientist. It describes the exhumation of his remains from the Augustinian tomb at the Central Cemetery in Brno and the scientific examination that followed, as well as the search for traces of Mendel's DNA on his personal belongings kept in the Augustinian Abbey in Old Brno.The individual chapters, that is, the ways of research, introduce the reader to the initial impulses leading to the archaeological research on the tomb and the subsequent analysis of Mendel's genome. They describe the process of identifying the remains found in the grave with the person of Abbot Mendel, the anthropological research on his skeletal remains, as well as the process of isolation and analysis of the DNA of this historical figure. Rich photographic documentation chronicles the exciting work of the scientific team. Thanks to their efforts, the book reveals surprising findings and new, important details about the founder of genetics.
The Integrin Interactome
This volume provides the most cutting edge technologies related to the study of integrin activation and the characterization of their vast interactomes. Chapters detail protocols on experimental approached to quantify focal adhesion parameters, integrin activation, and the lateral interaction of integrins with transmembrane binding partners. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, The Integrin Interactome: Methods and Protocols aims to give the reader a multi-scale journey from single bonds inside protein structures to the function of these crucial adhesion receptors at a whole organism level in physiology and pathology.
Nuclear Reprogramming
This volume provides basic and advanced protocols on somatic cell nuclear transfer, induced pluripotent stem cells, and direct reprogramming of somatic cells into different functional cells. Chapters guide readers through methods on standardized procedures for characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as those for preparation of materials required for induction of pluripotent stem cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Nuclear Reprogramming: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Exocytosis and Endocytosis
This volume provides basic and cutting-edge methods and protocols to study the major characteristics of eukaryotic cells. Chapters detail the different pathways of endocytosis in vivo, real time imaging of endocytic steps, endocytosis in model organisms, super-resolution methods to follow proteins involved in exocytosis, specific protocols for exocytosis in specialized cells such as neutrophils or neuroendocrine cells, as well as secretion of exosomes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and clearly written, Exocytosis and Endocytosis: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of cell biology, neurology, immunology, oncology, and those interested in studying protein trafficking and signal regulation.
Programmed Morphogenesis
Part I: Understanding Signaling Events and Patterns 1. TASBE Image Analytics: A Processing Pipeline for Quantifying Cell Organization from Fluorescent Microscopy Nicholas Walczak, Jacob Beal, Jesse Tordoff, and Ron Weiss 2. Neighborhood Impact Factor to Study Cell-Fate Decision-Making in Cellular Communities Shay Carter, Joshua Hislop, Joshua Hsu, Jeremy J. Velazquez, and Mo R. Ebrahimkhani 3. A Quantitative Lineage-Tracing Approach to Understand Morphogenesis in Gut Svetlana Ulyanchenko and Jordi Guiu Part II: Programming Signaling Events and Patterns 4. Reconstitution of Morphogen Signaling Gradients in Cultured Cells Julia S. Kim, Michael Pineda, and Pulin Li 5. Engineering Shape-Controlled Microtissues on Compliant Hydrogels with Tunable Rigidity and Extracellular Matrix Ligands Megan L. Rexius-Hall, Nethika R. Ariyasinghe, and Megan L. McCain 6. Engineering Biophysical Cues for Controlled 3D Differentiation of Endoderm Derivatives Thomas Richardson, Shibin Mathew, Connor Wiegand, Kevin Pietz, Joseph Candiello, K Ravikumar, and Ipsita Banerjee 7. Rewiring Endogenous Bioelectric Circuits in the Xenopus laevis Embryo Model Vasilios Nanos and Michael Levin 8. Engineering the Spatiotemporal Mosaic Self-Patterning of Pluripotent Stem Cells Ashley R.G. Libby, David A. Joy, and Todd C. McDevitt Part III: Early Developmental Engineering 9. Fate-Patterning of 2D Gastruloids and Ectodermal Colonies Using Micropatterned Human Pluripotent Stem Cells George Britton, Sapna Chhabra, Joseph Massey, and Aryeh Warmflash 10. Gastruloids: Embryonic Organoids from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Study Patterning and Development in Early Mammalian Embryos Kerim Anlas, Peter Baillie-Johnson, Krisztina Arat籀, David A. Turner, and Vikas Trivedi Part IV: Organoids, Tissue Barriers, and Disease Models 11. A Synergistic Engineering Approach to Build Human Brain Spheroids Djuna von Maydell and Mehdi Jorfi 12. Directed Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Generation of High-Order Kidney Organoids Idoia Luc穩a Selfa, Maria Gallo, N繳ria Montserrat, and Elena Garreta 13. Methods for Controlled Induction of Singular Rosette Cytoarchitecture within Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Multicellular Assemblies Alireza Aghayee and Randolph Ashton 14. 3D Self-Organized Human Blood-Brain Barrier in a Microfluidic Chip Marco Campisi, Sei Hien Lim, Valeria C
Next Generation Culture Platforms for Reliable in Vitro Models
Chondrocytes
This detailed book collects a variety of methods from investigators at the forefront of chondrocyte biology and pathology research that they have tailored for their research projects in order to tackle the unique properties and challenges of the chondrocyte and those of its tissue matrix. Divided into three parts, the volume explores experimental models to study chondrocytes, in vivo assays, as well as methods to characterize the chondrocyte phenotype with high-throughput or discrete assays on cells maintained in vivo, just isolated from their tissue (ex vivo), or cultured in vitro. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Chondrocytes: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for experts as well as newcomers in the cartilage field with the aim of sparking new research ideas in order to solve many of the pending mysteries regarding cartilage biology, disease mechanisms, and potential treatments.
Skeletal Development and Repair
This second edition provides a comprehensive laboratory manual on skeletal development and skeletal repair research utilizing mouse models. Chapters provide methods and protocols on the most current and cutting-edge techniques in skeletal development and repair, histological, cellular, and molecular techniques. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Skeletal Development and Repair: Methods and Protocols-Second Edition aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Shotgun Proteomics
This edition details a collection of specific shotgun proteomics-based laboratory techniques and applications developed in leading laboratories and proteomics units worldwide. Chapters cover a broad range of topics covering, shotgun proteomics of extracellular vesicles and subcellular structures, shotgun proteomics in non-model organisms, clinical proteomics, food proteomics, analysis of post-translational modifications and protein complexes, and data processing and storage. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Shotgun Proteomics: Methods and Protocols aims to be an up-to-date guide for researchers seeking to understand the proteome of any given biological sample.
Allostery
This volume explores the basic issues of "allostery" and "network" that are fundamental to studying this field. Chapters in this book look at how the basic "machine-like" proteins, that are similar to "human machines," need to be organized, architecturally, to relate to different organizational layers. Chapters cover topics such as methodological/computational factors focused on links between allostery and network formalism; the presence of oscillating modes transversing the structure and underlying network wiring of the allosteric process; the "action at distance" by transduction of signals across an organized network structure; and the P53 protein located at the cross-road of cell cycle regulation, genome integrity, and cancer development. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and practical, Allostery: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for any scientists and researcher interested in learning more about this developing field.
Bifidobacteria
This volume provides current protocols that can be used in various experimental settings involving bifidobacteria. Chapters guide readers through experimental protocols on procedures to isolate and cultivate bifidobacteria, taxonomic identification of bifidobacterial isolates, sequencing and annotate genomes, physiologically characterize bifidobacteria, and methods on the genetic manipulation of bifidobacterial strains. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Bifidobacteria: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.
Antibody Arrays
This detailed book presents a technical overview and practical methodology of a variety of antibody array formats and technologies. As advantages and disadvantages of antibody array types are explored, the volume also delves into practical applications of antibody arrays pertaining to investigations of specific research topics and biological processes as well as guidance on the methods of processing, analysis, and storage of array data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Antibody Arrays: Methods and Protocols aims to empower the reader with the information required to select the most appropriate array for their research application, with the technical knowledge to use and process the array, and with the knowledge to perform analysis that realizes the maximum benefit from the data generated.
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Microbiology: Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Applications focus on the current research on microorganisms in the environment. Contributions in the volume cover several aspects of applied microbial research, basic research on microbial ecology and molecular genetics. The reader will find a collection of topics with theoretical and practical value, allowing them to connect environmental microbiology to a variety of subjects in life sciences, ecology, and environmental science topics. Advanced topics including biogeochemical cycling, microbial biosensors, bioremediation, application of microbial biofilms in bioremediation, application of microbial surfactants, microbes for mining and metallurgical operations, valorization of waste, and biodegradation of aromatic waste, microbial communication, nutrient cycling and biotransformation are also covered. The content is designed for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and environmental professionals, with a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of environmental microbiology as a discipline that has greatly expanded in scope and interest over the past several decades.
Glycosylation
Preface...Table of Contents...Contributing Authors...Part I Analytical and Bioinformatics Methods for Studying Glycosylation1. Glycoinformatics Tools for Comprehensive Characterization of Glycans Enzymatically Released from ProteinsIan Walsh, Sophie Zhao, Katherine Wongtrakul-Kish, Matthew Choo, Shi Jie Tay, Christopher H. Taron, Pauline M. Rudd, and Terry Nguyen-Khuong 2. GlycoStore: A Platform for H/UPLC and Capillary Electrophoresis Glycan Data Matthew P. Campbell, Sophie Zhao, Jodie L. Abrahams, Terry Nguyen-Khuong, and Pauline M. Rudd3. An Interactive View of Glycosylation Julien Mariethoz, Davide Alocci, Niclas G. Karlsson, Nicolle H Packer, and Fr矇d矇rique Lisacek4. Characterization and Analysis of Food-Sourced CarbohydratesLeonie J. Kiely and Rita M. Hickey5. Comparative Glycomics Analysis of Mass Spectrometry DataYusen Zhou and Sriram Neelamegham Part II Synthetic Biology and Glycoengineering Methods for Controlling Glycosylation 6. Cell Free Remodeling of Glycosylation of AntibodiesLet穩cia Martins Mota, Venkata Tayi, and Michael Butler7. Rapid Antibody Glycoengineering in CHO Cells via RNA Interference and CGE-LIF N-GlycomicsPavlos Kotidis, Masue Marbiah, Roberto Donini, Itzc籀atl A. G籀mez, Ioscani Jimenez del Val, Stuart M. Haslam, Karen M. Polizzi, and Cleo Kontoravdi8. In Silico Analysis of Therapeutic Antibody Aggregation and the Influence of GlycosylationHyesoo Jeon, Jerrard M. Hayes, and K. H. Mok 9. Recent Advances Towards Engineering Glycoproteins using Modified Yeast Display PlatformsAnjali Shenoy and Adam W. BarbPart III Systems Biology and Computational Methods for Deciphering Glycosylation Networks10. Computational Modeling of Glycan Processing in the Golgi for Investigating Changes in the Arrangements of Biosynthetic EnzymesBen West, A. Jamie Wood, and Daniel Ungar11. O-Glycologue: A Formal-Language-Based Generator of O-Glycosylation NetworksAndrew G. McDonald and Gavin P. Davey12. Synthetic Strategies for FRET-Enabled Carbohydrate Active Enzyme ProbesMeenakshi Singh, Michael Watkinson, Eoin M. Scanlan, and Gavin J. MillerPart IV Glycosylation Biomarkers and Clinical Datasets 13. N-Glycan Characterization by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Fluorimetry and Mass SpectrometryRichard A. Gardner, Paulina A. Urbanowicz, and Daniel I. R. Spencer14. Lectin Histochemistry for Tissues and Cells, and Dual Lectin and Antibody Co-LocalizationSiobh獺n S. McMahon and Michelle Kilcoyne15. Lectin Affinity Chromatography for the Discovery of Novel Cancer Glycobiomarkers: A Case Study with PSA Glycoforms and Prostate CancerEsther Llop and Rosa Peracaula16. Metabolic Labelling of Primary Neurons using Carbohydrate Click-ChemistryJerrard M. Hayes, Darren M. O'Hara, and Gavin P. Davey17. Monitoring the Sialome on Human Immune CellsLaura K. O'Farrell, Alexander Fraser, and Gavin P. DaveySubject Index List...
An Introduction to the History of Chronobiology, Volume 1
In three volumes, historian Jole Shackelford delineates the history of the study of biological rhythms--now widely known as chronobiology--from antiquity into the twentieth century. Perhaps the most well-known biological rhythm is the circadian rhythm, tied to the cycles of day and night and often referred to as the "body clock." But there are many other biological rhythms, and although scientists and the natural philosophers who preceded them have long known about them, only in the past thirty years have a handful of pioneering scientists begun to study such rhythms in plants and animals seriously. Tracing the intellectual and institutional development of biological rhythm studies, Shackelford offers a meaningful, evidence-based account of a field that today holds great promise for applications in agriculture, health care, and public health. Volume 1 follows early biological observations and research, chiefly on plants; volume 2 turns to animal and human rhythms and the disciplinary contexts for chronobiological investigation; and volume 3 focuses primarily on twentieth-century researchers who modeled biological clocks and sought them out, including three molecular biologists whose work in determining clock mechanisms earned them a Nobel Prize in 2017.
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Preface...Table of Contents...Contributing Authors...Part I Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease and Host Pathogen Interaction1. Overview: Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease (Buruli ulcer)Katharina R繹ltgen and Gerd Pluschke2. Immunohistochemistry: A Method to Analyze M.ulcerans Infected Skin TissueMarie-Th矇r癡se Ruf3. Primary Isolation of Mycobacterium ulceransDorothy Yeboah-Manu, Adwoa Asante-Poku, and Samuel Yaw Aboagye4. Investigation of Mycobacterium ulcerans Glycan Interactions Using Glycan Array and Surface Plasmon ResonanceChristopher J. Day, Jessica Poole, Gerd Pluschke, and Michael P. Jennings5. Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Mycobacterium ulcerans CultureM矇lanie Foulon, Estelle Marion, and Laurent Marsollier6. DNA Extraction from Clinical Specimens for the Direct Detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans by Real-Time PCRCaroline J. Lavender and Janet A.M. Fyfe7. Extraction of DNA from Environmental Samples for the Real-Time PCR Detection of Mycobacterium ulceransJanet A.M. Fyfe and Caroline J. Lavender8. Detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans DNA using Real-Time PCR Janet A.M. Fyfe and Caroline J. Lavender9. Determining Viability of M. ulcerans by 16S rRNA RT Reverse Transcriptase Real-Time PCRMarcus Beissner, Richard Odame Phillips, and Gisela Bretzel10. Methods and Approaches for Buruli ulcer Surveillance in Africa: Lessons Learnt and Future DirectionsJoseph W. S. Timothy, Rachel L. Pullan, and Rie R. Yotsu Part II Purification and Quantification of Myolactone 11. Overview: Mycolactone, The Macrolide Toxin of Mycobacterium ulceransKatharina R繹ltgen and Gerd Pluschke12. Conditions for Handling and Optimal Storage of MycolactoneJessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland, Basil I. Swanson, and Harshini Mukundan13. Mycolactone Purification from M. ulcerans Cultures and HPLC-Based Approaches for Mycolactone Quantification in Biological Samples Aline Rifflet, Caroline Demangel, and Laure Guenin-Mac矇14. Detection of Mycolactone by Thin Layer ChromatographyRichard Kwamla Amewu and Thomas Spangenberg15. Competitive ELISA for the Detection and Quantification of Mycobacterium ulcerans MycolactoneLouisa Warryn16. Biochemical and Biological Assays of Mycolactone-Mediated Inhibition of Sec61Sarah O'Keefe, Stephen High, and Caroline DemangelPart III Drug Development against Mycobacterium ulcerans17. Overview: Development of Drugs against Mycobacterium ulceransGerd Pluschke and Katharina R繹ltgen18. In Vitro Assessment of Drug Activity against Mycobacterium ulceransOliver D. Komm, Deepak V. Almeida, Paul J. Converse, and Eric L. Nuermberger19. Drug Efficacy Testing in the Mouse Footpad Model of Buruli ulcerPaul J. Converse, Deepak V. Almeida, and Eric L. Nuermberger20. Turbidity-Based MIC Assay and Characterization of Spontaneous Drug Resistant Mutants in Mycobacterium ulceransSangeeta Susan Thomas, Nitin Pal Kalia, and Kevin Pethe21. Determination of Bioenergetic Parameters in Mycobacterium ulceransSangeeta Susan Thomas and Kevin PetheSubject Index List...
Advances in Applied Microbiology
Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 122 continues the comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas relating to the topic of microbiology. This release includes updates on BioMateriOME: to understand microbe-material interactions within sustainable, living architectures.
Guided Inquiry Explorations into Organic and Biochemistry
Guided Inquiry Explorations into Organic and Biochemistry provides students with a solid knowledge base of fundamental concepts within the discipline. The text presents students with small, easy-to-understand segments and activities that encourage them to explore and discover patterns and ideas. Topics covered range from the basics of naming the simplest organic compounds to the application of the principles of organic chemistry to biochemical molecules and processes. Students learn about the reactions of aromatic compounds and alcohols, interactions between amino acids in proteins, the structures of carbohydrates, the nature of nucleic acids, and more. Throughout the text, diagrams, models, chemical reaction equations, and tables enrich the learning experience. In each chapter, a series of critical thinking questions guide students toward important observations and encourage them to work as a group to confirm the answers. Each chapter includes exercises that reinforce, expand upon, and extend the concepts presented. The second edition features an updated interior design and refreshed images to improve the overall reading and learning experience. The book is ideal for foundational courses in organic chemistry and biochemistry.
