Ipbes
This booklet was developed as part of an advisory assistance project by the German Institute for Biodiversity Network (ibn) as part of a capacity building project by the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation and the German Environmental Agency through funds from the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection. It is an introduction to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) for anybody who is interested in the structure, work and products of this platform. As IPBES is an active body and working permanently, any overview of products and ongoing activities can only reflect the status quo at a given point in time. This second edition of the booklet reports on the status of mid-2022, after the 9th plenary session of IPBES.
Grasses and Grassland
Grasslands are of vital significance globally by covering more than one-quarter of the earth's surface. They are known by a variety of names, such as prairies, pampas, steppes, savannas, and so on, and provide feed to animals as well as serve as biodiversity reserves and catchment areas. Under the changing climate scenario, they can potentially serve as carbon sinks, which might alleviate the adverse effects of greenhouse gas emissions. This book provides fundamental knowledge of underutilized grasses of economic significance as well as discusses advancements in grasslands management for boosting their bio-productivity. There is a particular focus on state-of-the-art strategies for the restoration and conservation of grasslands in the era of changing climate.
p53
p53 is a protein that plays an important role in the regulation of cell division and thereby offers protection to the cell against malignant transformation. This is the most well-studied and most appreciated role of p53, due to which the protein is famously known as the "guardian of the genome." It is the most studied protein in all forms of cancer research, with much of this research investigating p53's role in tumor suppression. However, research has also shown that p53 plays a role in a wide range of other cellular functions, like serving as a biomarker for environmental pollution. Even as a tumor suppressor and transcription factor, many aspects of p53 function are still obscure, and research in the field is continually attempting to shed light on these functions. This book examines and discusses the myriad roles of p53 and different aspects of its functions. Chapters examine p53 in cancer prevention, DNA repair, gene regulation, and more.
Stem Cells: From Potential to Promise
The book highlights the therapeutic applications of various stem cells, and introduces readers to thymus stem cells and their applications in the reconstitution of thymic structure and function. It also discusses the significant role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cell-free therapy. Moreover, it explores the application of hematopoietic stem cells in the vasculoprotection of the ischemially injured heart. Further topics include the regenerative potential of ovarian germline stem cells and the significance of endometrial stem cells in the pathogenesis of female reproductive tract diseases. Lastly, the book addresses stem cells from perinatal tissues and their immunoregulatory and differentiation potentials, and summarizes new strategies for targeting cancer stem cells to treat tumors.
Human Anatomy and Neuroanatomy Coloring Book with Facts & MCQ's (Multiple Choice Questions)
★ Big Coloring Book of Human Body Anatomy and Human Brain (Neuroanatomy) is here!★This 2-in-1 Manuscript is the perfect gateway to any weekend or holiday!What's inside: ★ 250+ Pages of Fun & Knowledge★100+ Coloring Pages★ 80 Multiple Choice Questions★ Human Anatomy Theory/FactsAll the subject matter experts agree on the fact that complex learning which involves the visual coloring effect as a differentiator leaves a lasting impression on the brain. Also, it makes the topic more interesting.This book is a perfect gift to Medical School Students, Nurses, Doctors, Teens, and Adults who are interested in learning about Human Anatomy and Neuroanatomy.The Theory & MCQ part is unique which makes the learning tested and revised for the long term.Part -1: Human Body (Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Book with MCQs and FactsThe sections of Anatomy & Physiology covered are: Introduction & HistoryLevels of organization of the BodyBody CavitiesThe Integumentary SystemThe Skeletal SystemThe Muscular SystemThe Nervous SystemThe Endocrine SystemThe Circulatory SystemThe Lymphatic SystemThe Respiratory SystemThe Digestive SystemThe Urinary SystemThe Reproductive SystemBasic TerminologiesPart-2: Brain (Neuroanatomy) Coloring Book with MCQsThe sections of Neuroanatomy covered are: - Introduction, Lateral View, Superior View, Medial View, Basal View of the Brain- Thalamus, Brodmann Areas, Hippocampus, Fornix, Hypothalamus, Thalamic Nuclei- Pituitary Gland, Hypophyseal Portal System, Basal Ganglia, Coronal Section, Horizontal section- Cerebellum, Cerebellar Nuclei, Brainstem, Cranial nerve nuclei- Medulla oblongata, Ventricles, and Arteries of the brain, Superficial Veins- Meninges, Dural Venous Sinuses, Spinal Cord in situ, PCML- All the nerves (optic, facial, maxillary, and much more)- Dermatomes and Autonomic Nervous System- The last section covers a comprehensive MCQ questionnaire to revise the topics.So, what are you waiting for?Grab your copy now and get a hold of Human Anatomy & Neuroanatomy with ease!
Drosophila Information Service, 2019, Volume 102
This journal presents original research articles on the genetics, developmental biology, and population biology of Drosophila melanogaster. Articles include research reports, teaching experiments, new mutations, and announcements of interest to the research and educational scientific community.
On the Origin of Species; Or; The Preservation of the Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
In this groundbreaking scientific study, Charles Darwin introduces his theory of evolution and the process of natural selection. The seminal work went on to form the foundation of the modern understanding of biology and natural science. First published in 1859, On the Origin of Species presents Darwin's scientific study of the process of natural selection. Illustrating his evolutionary theory and the interrelatedness of heritable variation and the evolution of humans, animals and plant life. Darwin wrote for non-specialist readers, aiding the book in reaching a wide audience. By the 1870s, Darwin's theory of evolution was commonly regarded as fact within the scientific community. The book includes his own sketches of evolution to support his theory, as well as abstracts of his experiments and research. The chapters in this volume include: - 'Variation Under Domestication' - 'Variation Under Nature' - 'Struggle for Existence' - 'Natural Selection' - 'Laws of Variation' Preserving a key scientific text for future generations, On the Origin of Species has been proudly republished by Read & Co. Books, featuring a specially commissioned biography of the author. An essential read for those with an interest in the groundbreaking work of Charles Darwin and the study of the history of evolution.
Sensory and Consumer Research for a Sustainable Food System
This book is a compilation of articles published in the Special Issue "Sensory and Consumer Research for a Sustainable Food System" of the journal Foods. The compilation includes 18 original research articles, 2 review articles, and 1 editorial. The articles show how sensory and consumer research can contribute to the development of a sustainable food system.
Introduction to Biomedical Imaging
Introduction to BiomedicalImaging A state-of-the-art exploration of the foundations and latest developments in biomedical imaging technology In the newly revised second edition of Introduction to Biomedical Imaging, distinguished researcher Dr. Andrew Webb delivers a comprehensive description of the fundamentals and applications of the most important current medical imaging techniques: X-ray and computed tomography, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and various optical-based methods. Each chapter explains the physical principles, instrument design, data acquisition, image reconstruction, and clinical applications of its respective modality. This latest edition incorporates descriptions of recent developments in photon counting CT, total body PET, superresolution-based ultrasound, phased-array MRI technology, optical coherence tomography, and iterative and model-based image reconstruction techniques. The final chapter discusses the increasing role of artificial intelligence/deep learning in biomedical imaging. The text also includes a thorough introduction to general image characteristics, including discussions of signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise. Perfect for graduate and senior undergraduate students of biomedical engineering, Introduction to Biomedical Imaging, 2nd Edition will also earn a place in the libraries of medical imaging professionals with an interest in medical imaging techniques.
Dietary Habits, Beneficial Exercise and Chronic Diseases
Several lines of evidence indicate that healthy diet and exercise can prevent cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes, and some types of cancer such as colon cancer, and smoking-related cancers. Dietary patterns defined as the quantities, proportions, variety, or combination of different foods and drinks, and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed are also associated with an increased or decreased incidence of chronic diseases. Lately, an association has been found between eating habits, exercise, and psychological and/or mental disorders. This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled "Dietary Habits, Beneficial Exercise, and Chronic Diseases: Latest Advances and Prospects", contains 20 manuscripts, either describing original research or reviewing the scientific literature, focused on the relationship between dietary habits (macronutrients, micronutrients, etc.) and/or exercise with metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological, mental, rheumatic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal, odontostomatological, and other chronic diseases.
Diagnosis and Treatment in Computational Nanotechnology Elucidations in Virology
Scientific Study from the year 2021 in the subject Biology - Virology, grade: A+, course: Bioinformatics and Virology, language: English, abstract: Infectious diseases derived from various pathogenic diseases causing agents have become increasingly serious global threats to human health and economy. The first pivotal of the pandemic was Wuhan (China) in December 2019. Epidemic COVID-19 outburst is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Although commendatory lockdowns and quarantine, the human race suffers a much disastrous situation. A long listing dint is already facing the world economy and if the spread of virus is not controlled, the situation will be exacerbated. Some of the methods for the detection involving he virus RNA is detected through real- time-reverse polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), which target N, S, E and RdPs genes. Nanoparticles are an advance technology that can be used for detection and fighting against fatal infectious disease COVID-19. Because of some unique characteristics over conventional methods, these nanoparticles 109 having large surface to volume ratio, having unique light scattering properties and exhibit plasmon resonance, strength and strong reactance with the ability to incorporate into living cells. Various types of nanoparticles like gold based nanostructures graphene and iron oxide NPs and lanthanide-doped polystyrene NP have been used for the diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 with the aid of colorimetric, fluorescence, amperometroc and antimagnetic mediated bio sensing.
Enhancing Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) for Therapeutic Purposes
The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have made these cells the focus of multiple pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. While the results from these clinical studies have established that MSCs are safe, the efficacy of these cells is not as well-established. In this regard, there have been increased efforts towards generating potentiated/activated MSCs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Research on the mechanisms for enhancing MSC potency and efficacy is an area of active study with great potential for translation into clinical settings. The purpose of this book is to bring together recent research from a broad range of topics relating to potentiation strategies for enhancing MSC therapeutic efficacy, including growth factor pre-conditioning, hypoxia, and 3D culture. The research compiled in this book increases the basic understanding of MSC culture techniques and describes some MSC preparations for potential novel therapeutic applications.
Extremophiles
This book 'Extremophiles: Wastewater and Algal Biorefinery' explores the potential of extremophiles/extremotolerant organisms in wastewater treatment, biorefining of algal biomass and in the treatment of industrial waste effluent. The book provides a holistic overview about the current status of extremophiles in waste water treatment and various industrial processes. The chapters comprehensively cover the scientific and research findings on various industrial applications of extremophiles such as biofuels, extremozymes, electricity generation, biofilms, microbial corrosion and waste water treatment etc. This book is an integrated source of literature for the scientists, engineers, academicians, and students working in the area of extremophiles, microbial technology and biorefinery.
Phylogenetic Trees and Molecular Evolution
This book serves as a brief introduction to phylogenetic trees and molecular evolution for biologists and biology students. It does so by presenting the main concepts in a variety of ways: first visually, then in a history, next in a dice game, and finally in simple equations. The content is primarily designed to introduce upper-level undergraduate and graduate students of biology to phylogenetic tree reconstruction and the underlying models of molecular evolution. A unique feature also of interest to experienced researchers is the emphasis on simple ways to quantify the uncertainty in the results more fully than is possible with standard methods.
Nutritional Importance in Human Epigenome Mechanisms
Scientific Study from the year 2021 in the subject Biology - Genetics / Gene Technology, grade: A, course: Bioinformatics and Genomics, language: English, abstract: Environmental epigenetics depicts how natural elements influence cell epigenetics what's more, consequently, human well-being. Epigenetic marks modify the spatial conformity of chromatin to direct quality articulation. Ecological variables with epigenetic impacts incorporate practices, nourishment, furthermore, synthetic compounds and modern contaminations. Epigenetic systems are additionally embroiled during improvement in utero and at the cell level, so natural openings might hurt the baby by weakening the epigenome of the creating organic entity to change illness hazard further down the road. Paradoxically, bio-active food parts might trigger defensive epigenetic adjustments all through life, with right on time life sustenance being especially significant. Past their hereditary qualities, the general well-being status of an individual might be viewed as a coordination of numerous natural signs beginning at incubation furthermore, acting through epigenetic changes. This audit investigates how the climate influences the epigenome in wellbeing and infection, with a specific spotlight on the disease. Understanding the atomic impacts of conduct, supplements, and poisons may be applicable for creating protection techniques also, customized health programs. Moreover, by re-establishing cell separation, epigenetic drugs could address a likely procedure for the therapy of numerous sicknesses including cancer/malignant growth.
Blitzkrieg to Desert Storm
"He who admits that the structure and habits of all animals have been gradually evolved, will look at the whole subject of Expression in a new and interesting light." - Charles Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) includes original photographic as well as other illustrations by noted scientists Sir Charles Bell and French neurologist Duchenne, among others. This volume is the third in Darwin's explanation of his evolutionary theory, preceded by The Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871), and delves into the biology of emotions and whether those characteristics are exclusive to western civilization. Darwin links animal behavior to human emotions and provides the foundation for the work of noted psychologists such as Freud. This landmark work is a must-read for lovers of biology, Darwin, and psychology.
Structure, Life Cycle and Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-COV-2
Academic Paper from the year 2021 in the subject Biology - Virology, course: Medical laboratory sciences, language: English, abstract: This paper deals with the Structure, Life Cycle and Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-COV-2. A serious public health concern of current time is the outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID19) which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. Its causative agent is a virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome - corona virus 2 (SARS- COV-2) which the whole world is grappling with currently. The virus is suspected to have originated in Wuhan a seafood and wet animal wholesale market, Hebei province in the people's republic of China in 2019, It first emerged in southern China in 2002. The disease has spread to other parts of the world.
The Shock Of Change that understanding the human condition brings
As biologist Jeremy Griffith explains in THE Interview (which psychiatrist Professor Harry Prosen described as "the most important interview of all time"), while we humans lacked the explanation for our 2-million-year corrupted human condition we had no choice but to deny that our distant ape ancestors lived in a state of cooperative and loving innocence. But with the good reason for our corrupted condition now finally found, our species' original state of innocence can at last be admitted - and, as Griffith makes clear in his essay The Great Guilt, what that honesty finally allows us to see is the immense guilt and shame we humans have been carrying for corrupting our original instinctive self or soul.Finding the redeeming understanding of our corrupted condition also means we no longer need to employ the artificial reinforcements we have been depending on to sustain our sense of self-worth of attacking, defying, and denying the implication that we are guilty, bad people. What this essay, The Shock Of Change that understanding the human condition brings, addresses is how to manage the great shock of change that inevitably occurs in this fabulous transformation from having to depend on our now obsoleted, artificial, angry, egocentric and alienating forms of reinforcement, to living free of them.This booklet is supported by a very informative website.
Spinal Cord Injury and Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation
Recent research of epidural and transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation has demonstrated unprecedented improvements in motor function thought to be irreversibly lost due to chronic, severe spinal cord injury. Studies in parallel assess these methods for spasticity management as an alternative to medications that are often accompanied by deleterious side effects. As a noninvasive intervention, transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation holds the great potential to find its way into wide clinical application. Its firm establishment and lasting acceptance as clinical practice in spinal cord injury will not only hinge on the demonstration of safety and efficacy, but also on the delineation of a conceptual framework of the underlying physiological mechanisms. This will also require advancing our understanding of immediate and temporary effects of transcutaneous spinal cord on neuronal circuits in the intact and injured spinal cord. The purpose of this collection of papers is to bring together peers in the field to share-and eventually fuse-their pertinent research into current neurorehabilitation practice by providing a clinical perspective and novel insights into the underlying mechanisms.
Effects and Implications of COVID-19 for the Human Senses, Consumer Preferences, Appetite and Eating Behaviour
As Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolved into a global pandemic, assessments of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients have presented health conditions including, in many cases, a mild to severe loss of smell and tasting abilities among patients. Initial work has shown short and likely longer term negative effects on the human senses, with some indications of effects on consumer preferences; however, as of yet, very little is known about the impacts on eating behaviours and consequent longer term effects on appetite. The aim of this Special Issue anthology was, for the first time, to bring together researchers with key insights into how COVID-19 has impacted appetite and eating behaviours from the fundamental to the applicable, as assessed by human sensory perception. Thus, research is included that explores various themes, from the basic effects on the senses, to changes in consumer preferences, all the way to how and why COVID-19 has changed consumer behaviours in relation to food and eating in the longer term. Overall, we wished to document and bring together key research in the sensory and consumer space with respect to COVID-19, with the overall aim to highlight and ensure this research has a lasting impact regarding future understandings of measures developed to help and treat people affected during the ongoing pandemic.
Bioprocess Systems Engineering Applications in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical manufacturing are strongly influenced by the process analytical technology initiative (PAT) and quality by design (QbD) methodologies, which are designed to enhance the understanding of more integrated processes. The major aim of this effort can be summarized as developing a mechanistic understanding of a wide range of process steps, including the development of technologies to perform online measurements and real-time control and optimization. Furthermore, minimization of the number of empirical experiments and the model-assisted exploration of the process design space are targeted. Even if tremendous progress has been achieved so far, there is still work to be carried out in order to realize the full potential of the process systems engineering toolbox. Within this reprint, an overview of cutting-edge developments of process systems engineering for biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical manufacturing processes is given, including model-based process design, Digital Twins, computer-aided process understanding, process development and optimization, and monitoring and control of bioprocesses. The biopharmaceutical processes addressed focus on the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals, mainly by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, as well as adeno-associated virus production and generation of cell spheroids for cell therapies.
10th Anniversary of Cells
To celebrate its 10th anniversary, the prestigious journal Cells launched a series of Special Issues in 2021. The Special Issue entitled "10th Anniversary of Cells-Advances in Cell Cycle" was launched together with other sister Special Issues under the umbrella "10th Anniversary of Cells." The cell cycle is a series of events that drives cells to divide and produce two new daughter cells. The typical cell cycle in eukaryotes is composed of the following phases: G1, S, G2, and M phases. Cell cycle progression is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory cyclin subunits. CDKs, such as CDK4/6, CDK2, and CDK1 (also known as CDC2), are serine/threonine kinases with a wide variety of substrates. CDKs are activated mainly by binding to their cyclin partners, whose expressions rise and fall throughout the cell cycle to mediate the temporal activation of each CDKs. Various cell cycle checkpoints exist to ensure that critical processes are engaged prior to progression to the next phase. These cell cycle checkpoints are the G1 (restriction) checkpoint, the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC).This Special Issue attracted the attention of many scientists in the cell cycle field and consists of 10 high quality papers, including four research articles and six scientific reviews: a great success. The four research articles focus on various important topics of the cell cycle using a broad range of model organisms, including yeast, sea urchins, green algae, and human cancer cell lines.
Omics Insights in Environmental Bioremediation
Environmental pollution emanating from rapid industrialization, population growth, and urbanization has been considered a major problem in recent years that affects biodiversity, ecosystems, and human health by contaminating soil and water. This book brings out a comprehensive collection of information on valuable insights into different cutting-edge omics technologies, such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics, along with advanced next-generation sequencing technologies as well as bioinformatic tools, which led to a better understanding of microbial communities and their adaptability to a wide range of contaminants and underlying their mechanisms in bioremediation and biodegradation of environmental pollutants. In addition, this edited volume provides critical insight into of potent microbial communities endowed with unique functional attributes through their unique metabolism catalyzed by 'signature' enzymes and degradation pathways. Step-by-step descriptions are provided of various microbial metabolic pathways of degradation and biotransformation of environmental contaminants by numerous illustrations which make the information easier to understand for the readers. Each chapter is devoted to selected examples of microbial bioremediation supported by tables, and an extensive list of references for readers interested in learning further details about the subject matter. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers to professionals, policymakers, stockholders, practitioners, environmental engineers, soil scientists, and policymakers. In addition, the book serves as additional comprehensive material for undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students who require a working knowledge and knowhow of 'Omics' involved in and required for environmental remediation of legacy and emerging contaminants, will also find this to be a useful read.
Hedgehog Signaling
This detailed book explores the technical breakthroughs with biophysical and cell biological approaches that have advanced the study of molecular mechanisms underlying the generation and transduction of the hedgehog (HH) signal, indicating the important role of sterols in this pathway. Within its pages, the volume examines techniques involving several key protein components in this pathway, including HH, the signaling ligand; Dispatched, a HH secretion regulator; Patched, the receptor of HH; Smoothened, the signal transducer used to transduce the HH signal across the plasma membrane; and GLI, the transcription factor to turn on HH target genes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters feature introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step readily reproducible laboratory protocols, as well as tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Hedgehog Signaling: Methods and Protocols provides researchers in clinical and basic science with a fresh and reliable reference for analyzing HH signal transduction through cell biological, biochemical, and biophysical approaches.
Starfishes and other Echinoderms of the Tropical Indo-Pacific
This is the most comprehensive photo guide to the starfishes and other tropical Indo-Pacific echinoderms. This book covers the region from the Red Sea to Hawaii, the Marshall Islands, and Guam.Inside the book: - Photographs of 450+ species, including 126 starfish of the region;- 100+ species have never before appeared in field guides or popular books;- Convenient pictorial guide at the beginning and index at the end of the book;- Special attention was given to echinoderm associates and predators, photographs of 60 of them are included;- Every effort was made to reduce disturbance to sea creatures.This book is a field guide, it provides easy identification of commonly encountered starfishes, brittle stars, feather stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers that can be found and photographed in depths and regions accessible to recreational diving. It is designed for divers, underwater photographers, snorkelers, beachcombers, and nature lovers. Photographs, showing color variations are included. The validity of species names was checked with the help of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS).
Marine Flatworms of the Tropical Indo-Pacific
Marine flatworms are some of the ocean's most beautiful of those creatures that can be encountered by divers, snorkelers or simply lovers of marine life under water or in the intertidal zone. They are relatively simple animals with soft flat bodies. In this book we will focus on the free-living highly diverse marine flatworms of the order Polycladida. Often confused with nudibranchs, they are falling under the completely different phylum platyhelminthes (Platyhelminthes, Greek "platy" flat; "helminth" worm.) The book covers the region from the Red Sea, East and South Africa to Hawaii, Marshall Islands and Guam. Inside the book: -Over 1300 full color photographs of 580+ species;- Particular attention was paid to color variations;- Live photo of hundreds of species have never before appeared in field guides or popular books;- Convenient pictorial guide at the beginning and index at the end of the book.- The book contains photographs of most of the recently described Indo-Pacific flatworms, some of them are represented by holotypes.
A Poisoned Mind
Here's Everything You Need To Know About Epigenetics!Are you interested in understanding how external factors influence your body and mind?Are you in your initial stages of learning about epigenetics and looking for extra reading material?Do you wish to learn more about the role epigenetics plays in modern science?Now You Can!Introducing "A Poisoned Mind" By Kurt Gassner - A Comprehensive Science Book Seeking To Help You Grasp The Idea Of Epigenetics!Epigenetics is a scientific field of study that grows in popularity continuously as more and more people are interested in understanding its fundamental aspects and learning how to use it to benefit their lives. This eye-opening book starts by scratching the complex surface of genetics. However, it mainly focuses on epigenetics, offering invaluable information on the environmental factors that can influence the expression of genes.Reading this enlightening epigenetics book will help you:
The Graft Hybrid
The global triumph of Mendelian genetics in the twentieth century was not a foregone conclusion, thanks to the existence of graft hybrids. These chimeral plants and animals are created by grafting tissue from one organism to another with the goal of passing the newly hybridized genetic material on to their offspring. But prevailing genetic theory insisted that heredity was confined to the sex cells and there was no inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism's lifetime. Under sustained attacks from geneticists, scientific belief in the existence of graft hybrids slowly began to decline. Yet ordinary horticulturalists and breeders continued to believe in the power of grafting. Matthew Holmes tells the story of these organisms--which include multicolored chickens and black nightshades that grew tomatoes--and their enduring influence on twentieth-century biology. Their creators sought a goal as ambitious as the wildest dreams of genetic engineering today: to smash the barriers between species and freely exchange genes between organisms. The Graft Hybrid presents a greater understanding of the controversial history of graft hybrids, offering a crucial intervention in the history of genetics and the future of biological science.
Gluten Related Disorders
Among gluten-related disorders, coeliac disease (CD) is the best-known one to date, a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. It is a common disease, occurring at all ages and characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, affecting any organ or tissue. The diagnosis rate of this pathology has increased in the last 10 years, so worldwide epidemiologic data are now available that show that CD is ubiquitous, with a prevalence of 1.4%, higher in female than male individuals. Currently, the only effective treatment for CD is strict and lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, CD research is changing rapidly due to the continuous advancing of knowledge. For this reason, the main goal of this Special Issue has been to address the existing knowledge gaps and help advance such important aspects as the pathophysiology, diagnosis, follow-up, and therapeutic options of this pathology. This Special Issue includes 12 peer-reviewed articles reporting on the latest research findings in and evidence related to CD. The published articles cover a range of topics central to CD and GFDs.
Drosophila Information Service 103
This journal presents original research articles on the genetics, developmental biology, and population biology of Drosophila melanogaster. Articles include research reports, teaching experiments, new mutations, and announcements of interest to the research and educational scientific community.
Drosophila Information Service 104
This journal presents original research articles on the genetics, developmental biology, and population biology of Drosophila melanogaster. Articles include research reports, teaching experiments, new mutations, and announcements of interest to the research and educational scientific community.
Biodiversity
Species are not functionally independent. From a long-term perspective, only ecosystem with a fully integrated nutrient cycle is alive. The lack of trophic autonomy should be considered one of the key factors that ensure and maintain biodiversity. The variability of abiotic conditions, both in space and in time, also creates a huge diversity of niches and subniches for genotypes and species. In addition, life maintains its essential variables (biomass and productivity) as stable as possible due to the diversity of structures (genes, macromolecules, metabolic pathways, genotypes, species, etc.): the structures that reach optima are multiplied and thus activated, while the functioning of those which lost their optima is suppressed. The facts and concepts presented in this monograph thus support the conclusions that (a) genotype and species diversity is supported by trophic specialisation (b) biodiversity helps to stabilise the functions (essential variables) ofindividuals, populations, and ecological communities (c) in evolution, the emergence of biodiversity is determined by heritable variation and the advantage of specialised (more effective) structures over non-specialised ones (d) biodiversity is characterised by its ability to increase itself and to organise itself into relatively consistent structures, which we call production pyramids and nutrient cycles. This book therefore provides an answer to the question "why the diversity of life is of such and such a nature".
Quantum Dots for Plant Systems
Quantum dots (QDs) are important in the research and industrial fields due to their diverse properties and technological importance. Recently, QDs have been found to be suitable for biological, biomedical, agricultural, and food science applications. Many research articles, review papers, and internet sources have published on the use of QDs to improve plant growth and yield, but a comprehensive overview in book form has not been available to date. This book provides detailed information on synthesis, functionalization, and the use of various types of quantum dots for plant systems. It also addresses the current state of knowledge on sensing mechanisms of QD-based biosensors used for microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and plant virus detection. This book also offers in-depth knowledge related to QDs used for plant growth, nutrients, and plant protection from micro-organisms. This volume is beneficial as one comprehensive resource for students, researchers, scientists, technicians, academicians, and industrialists.
Epigenetics to Optogenetics
Epigenetics, which deals with the study of heritable gene expression that takes place independent of changes in DNA sequence, and optogenetics, which deals with the study of genes expressed under the influence of light, are two emerging areas of study and research that have contributed immensely to our current knowledge of mechanisms and disease processes in humans. These disciplines are interrelated in the broader picture of biology and one can be used to change or modify the other. The complexity of the techniques involved in these disciplines often leads to a lack of proper understanding by researchers from other disciplines and the scientific community at large. As such, this book provides simple and easy-to-follow explanations of some of the most exciting areas of research in these disciplines.
Gels for Oil and Gas Industry Applications
This Special Issue includes many advanced high-quality papers that focus on gel applications in the oil and gas industry. The papers in this Special Issue present the new development of gels that can be used as conformance control agents, drilling fluid additives, and hydraulic fracturing agents.
Hide and Seek of Soil Microbes
The question posed in the Special Issue, "Hide and Seek of Soil Microbes-Who is Where with Whom and Why?", can be considered as the central paradigm of soil microbial ecology. This book is aimed at opening a vivid discussion on i) the adequate experimental design for the representative study of soil ecosystems; ii) possibilities and limitations of observing microbial diversity; iii) possibilities and limitations of data analysis and their impact on ecological conclusions; iv) microbial spatial heterogeneity across different scales; and v) how to observe microbial niche partitioning and occupation in soil ecosystems, soil microbial communities, and their "function". In what sense can microbes, microbial communities and ecosystems have a function?
Nutritional Deficiency in Celiac Disease
Celiac disease is a T-cell mediated chronic inflammation of the small intestine that ultimately results in villous atrophy. A lifelong strict gluten-free diet, the only accepted treatment of celiac disease so far, gradually neutralizes immune responses and regenerates damaged villi. Naturally gluten-free (rice, maize, fruits, vegetables, etc.) and processed gluten-free products (commercial products) are advised as substitutes for gluten-containing food. However, in comparison to gluten-containing food, such alternatives are inadequately nutritious and cannot compensate for the necessary nutritional requirements. A complete removal of gluten from celiac patients' diet progressively alters the level of essential nutrients that eventually lead to nutrition imbalances. It has been reported that gluten-free products contain a low amount of essential micronutrients (iron, folate, and vitamin B), fiber, and a higher amount of carbohydrates and lipids compared to gluten-containing products. In recent years, nutritional complications are being reported in celiac disease patients, especially in growing children affected with celiac disease, which has become a serious health issue and requires immediate action. This book focuses on nutritional deficiencies related to celiac disease and provides updated knowledge and new prospects for nutritional deficiencies in celiac disease.
Food Allergies in Modern Life
Food allergy, a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a food allergen, is an increasing public health problem, causing a significant burden for affected patients, resulting in dietary restrictions, fear of accidental ingestions and related risk of severe reactions, and reduced quality of life. Clinical presentation ranges from mild to life-threatening symptoms. Component-resolved diagnosis with recombinant allergens has improved the diagnosis and, consequently, clinical management. Currently, there is no specific treatment for food allergy, so the only available management is limited to strict dietary avoidance, education on prompt recognition of symptoms, and emergency treatment of adverse reaction. In parallel, novel knowledge on the pathogenesis of food allergy is opening the way to new trials investigating several allergen-specific and allergen non-specific therapies, aiming to prevent the development of food allergy and acquire a persistent food tolerance.
Cheese and Whey
Cheese is an excellent and complex food matrix that preserves in concentrated form valuable milk constituents, such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and biofunctional lipids. The formation of cheese mass requires the removal of whey, i.e., water and soluble milk substances-proteins, minerals, lactose, and vitamins. It is well known that whey, apart from being a serious environmental threat, is a valuable substrate for the formation of new products with excellent functional and biological activities.This reprint aims to share research related to (i) cheese production, ripening, and properties, and (ii) whey and whey components' functionality and biological value, as well as whey exploitation and processing.
Methods for Fragments Screening Using Surface Plasmon Resonance
This volume describes methods and protocols for the fragment-based screening of proteins using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The initial chapter of the book discusses the principle of SPR for the identification of biomolecular interactions, while the subsequent chapters introduce methods for labelling proteins with different tags including, histidine and biotin tags. It also discusses techniques and factors that affect the amine and biotin-streptavidin coupling and methods to optimize the interactions. Next, it describes fragment preparation for screening in SPR and presents methods to calculate equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) and ligand efficiency (LE). It reviews techniques of next-generation injections that improve the efficiency of the characterization process over traditional SPR by determining the kinetics and affinity in a single step. Finally, the book elucidates a comprehensive yet representative description of challenges associated with the molecular interactionof proteins using SPR.
Rethinking Human Evolution
Contributors from a range of disciplines consider the disconnect between human evolutionary studies and the rest of evolutionary biology. The study of human evolution often seems to rely on scenarios and received wisdom rather than theory and methodology, with each new fossil or molecular analysis interpreted as supporting evidence for the presumed lineage of human ancestry. We might wonder why we should pursue new inquiries if we already know the story. Is paleoanthropology an evolutionary science? Are analyses of human evolution biological? In this volume, contributors from disciplines that range from paleoanthropology to philosophy of science consider the disconnect between human evolutionary studies and the rest of evolutionary biology. All of the contributors reflect on their own research and its disciplinary context, considering how their fields of inquiry can move forward in new ways. The goal is to encourage a more multifaceted intellectual environment for the understanding of human evolution. Topics discussed include paleoanthropology's history of procedural idiosyncrasies; the role of mind and society in our evolutionary past; humans as large mammals rather than a special case; genomic analyses; computational approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction; descriptive morphology versus morphometrics; and integrating insights from archaeology into the interpretation of human fossils. Contributors Markus Bastir, Fred L. Bookstein, Claudine Cohen, Richard G. Delisle, Robin Dennell, Rob DeSalle, John de Vos, Emma M. Finestone, Huw S. Groucutt, Gabriele A. Macho, Fabrizzio Mc Manus, Apurva Narechania, Michael D. Petraglia, Thomas W. Plummer, J.W. F. Reumer, Jeff Rosenfeld, Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Dietrich Stout, Ian Tattersall, Alan R. Templeton, Michael Tessler, Peter J. Waddell, Martine Zilversmit
Evolution and Speciation in Protozoa
The polyphyletic Protozoa have explored the possibility of performing almost all metazoan functions with a few subcellular organelles.
Advances in Assisted Reproduction Technologies
More than 4 decades have passed since the birth of the first in vitro fertilized baby in 1978. The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) to overcome infertility has increased steadily with the simultaneous increase in the number of fertility centers in every part of the world. Access to infertility clinics is playing an important role in the treatment of different forms of infertility (like tubal disease, ovarian aging, or ovarian dysfunction). This book captures the state of current and recent advances in assisted reproduction technology in humans and livestock in an easy and comprehensive way for non-experts and learners. 10 chapters cover the biology of reproduction, and male ART methods (sperm retrieval and freezing) and female ART methods (oocyte activation, and cryopreservation), and finally embryo ARTs (assisted hatching and cloning techniques) with simple definitions and explanations. Tips to overcome problems are also presented where appropriate along with references for further reading. This book is a simple primer for students who are involved in courses in embryology or reproductive technologies as part of programs in biology, biotechnology, medicine and physiology.
Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins Functions in Plants 2.0
Gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two phytohormones that regulate, in an antagonistic way, plant growth as well as several developmental processes from seed maturation and germination to flowering time, through hypocotyl elongation and root growth. In general, ABA and GA inhibit and promote, respectively, cell elongation and growth. Consequently, this mutual antagonism between GA and ABA governs many developmental decisions in plants. In addition to its role as a growth and development modulator, ABA is primarily known for being a major player in the response and adaptation of plants to diverse abiotic stress conditions, including cold, heat, drought, salinity or flooding. Remarkably, different works have also recently pointed to a function for GA in the control of some biological processes in response to stress. The selection of research and review papers of this book, mostly focused on ABA, covers a wide range of topics related to the most recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of ABA and GA functions in plants.
Dietary Nutrients Effects on Metabolic and Physiological Adaptations
Changes in lifestyle and a shift from a traditional to an industrialized/westernized diet has drastically increased the rates of diet-related chronic disease. This has led to an unprecedented explosion in the prevalence of obesity and being overweight, cancers, and chronic and metabolic diseases.The physiological mechanism of action of nutritional compounds is closely associated with their ability to recognize and modulate specific cellular enzymes or to affect the cell redox state. The identification of these targets is essential to recognize the mechanisms of action of nutritional compounds and their direct or indirect effects on cellular processes and functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Diseases and Human Well-Being
The wide spread of COVID-19 has had significant and negative effects on human well-being, but it has also had a negative impact on many important diseases. It has necessitated a major reorganisation of emergency care facilities to accommodate the additional workload anticipated with the rapid surge in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Previous reports have demonstrated a reduction in admissions for different conditions such as acute coronary syndrome or decreased use of coronary procedures in various countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to an increase in out-of-hospital deaths and long-term complications of myocardial infarction and missed opportunities to offer secondary prevention treatment for patients with coronary heart disease.In this context, we do not know what impacts these events may have had on psychology and sexuality. In fact, the global pandemic of COVID-19 has significantly impacted people's sexual desire and behaviours.Besides these events, the daily activities of many departments have been drastically reduced and limited to non‐deferrable procedures, and the entire organogram has been reorganised following a rigorous flowchart in order to limit the impact of the COVID‐19 emergency on residents' learning curves.In this Special Issue, we further the knowledge on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global diseases and human well-being.
Beta-Glucan in Foods and Health Benefits
This Special Issue entitled "β-glucan in foods and health benefits" reports on the health benefits of indigestible carbohydrates with respect to metabolic diseases and immune functions. The effects of β-glucan have been investigated through the use isolated preparations or natural dietary fibers from whole grain cereals and brans, yeasts, or Euglena. This Special Issue includes original research articles that are based on human intervention studies that address the effects of β-glucan on metabolic diseases and immune function-related markers as well as in vitro and in vivo studies. It also reviews the health benefits of β-glucans in humans.
Brain Stimulation and Neuroplasticity
Non-invasive brain stimulation methods have emerged as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in recent years. This Special Issue aims at gathering pre-clinical and clinical data on brain stimulation techniques (electrical and magnetic stimulation methods).This Special Issue compiles newest research on clinical and neurophysiological application of brain stimulation methods and the impact of brain stimulation on imaging outcomes, neurobiological markers, and clinical variables (including neurological, affective and cognitive measures).
