Tabloid City
Here is the ideal book to grasp the basic concepts of spin-dependent electron transport and to develop a deep physical understanding of the subject. A careful selection of key notions provides a concise and effective framework. Learning how to use these notions is successfully supported by ten extended exercises with complete solutions. Common terms and specialist jargon are clearly explained, and the way in which subtleties complicate phenomena, without altering their physical basis, is pedagogically addressed. The rigorous and harmonised system of notation and units adopted throughout the book allows the reader to navigate easily between concepts and to gain a broad view of the subject. Based on a series of lectures given to MSc and PhD students, this book will appeal to a wide range of readers, from students at the graduate level to researchers and engineers.
Quantum Processes and Measurement
This accessible and self-contained text presents the essential theoretical techniques developed to describe quantum processes, alongside a detailed review of the devices and experimental methods required in quantum measurement. Ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking to extend their knowledge of the physics underlying quantum technologies, the book develops a thorough understanding of quantum measurement theory, quantum processes and the evolution of quantum states. A wide range of basic quantum systems are discussed, including atoms, ions, photons, and more complex macroscopic quantum devices such as opto-mechanical systems and superconducting circuits. Quantum phenomena are also covered in detail, from entanglement and quantum jumps, to quantum fluctuations in optical systems. Numerous problems at the end of each chapter problems enable the reader to consolidate key theoretical concepts and to develop their understanding of the most widely-used experimental techniques.
Optical Polarimetric Modalities for Biomedical Research
This book focuses on polarization microscopy, a powerful optical tool used to study anisotropic properties in biomolecules, and its enormous potential to improve diagnostic tools for various biomedical research. The interaction of polarized light with normal and abnormal regions of tissue reveals structural information associated with its pathological condition. Diagnosis using conventional microscopy can be time-consuming, as pathologists require an hour to freeze and stain tissue slices from suspected patients. In comparison, polarization microscopy more quickly distinguishes abnormal tissue and provides better microstructural information of samples, even in the absence of staining. This book provides a basic understanding of the properties of polarized light, a description of the polarization microscope, and a mathematical formalism of Mueller matrix polarimetry. The authors discuss various advanced linear and nonlinear optical techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance and transmission spectroscopy, fluorescence, multiphoton excitation, second harmonic generation, Raman microscopy, and more. They explore the exciting potential of integrating polarimetry with these techniques for possible applications in different areas of biomedical research, as well as the associated challenges. Including the most recent developments on the topic, this book serves as a modern guide to polarization microscopy and advancements in its use in biomedical research.
Advances in Fabrication and Investigation of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications
This book provides readers with a collection of selected articles contributed by leading experts around the world, covering recent advances in fabrication and investigation of nanoengineered materials, thin films and colloids in application to key emerging industrial sectors. The readers are exposed to a variety of concepts ranging from fundamental to applied, addressing different application sectors including sensing, imaging, energy generation, energy storage and forensics. In addition to key enabling concepts and technologies of interest to broad range of nanomaterials, the contributions emphasize semiconductor nanostructures and devices, reflecting their continuing interest to academia and industry.
Towards the Optical Control of Resonantly Bonded Materials
This thesis describes key contributions to the fundamental understanding of materials structure and dynamics from a microscopic perspective. In particular, the thesis reports several advancements in time-domain methodologies using ultrafast pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers (FEL) to probe the interactions between electrons and phonons in photoexcited materials. Using femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction, the author quantifies the coherent atomic motion trajectory upon sudden excitation of carriers in SnSe. This allows the reconstruction of the nonequilibrium lattice structure and identification of a novel lattice instability towards a higher-symmetry structure not found in equilibrium. This is followed by an investigation of the excited-state phonon dispersion in SnSe using time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering which enables important insight into how photoexcitation alters the strength of specific bonds leading to the novel lattice instability observed in X-ray diffraction. Finally, by combining ultrafast X-ray diffraction and ARPES, the author performs quantitative measurements of electron-phonon coupling in Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3. The findings highlight the importance of time-resolved X-ray scattering techniques based on FELs, which reveals the details of interplay between electron orbitals, atomic bonds, and structural instabilities. The microscopic information of electron phonon interaction obtained from these methods can rationalize ways to control materials and to design their functional properties.
Optical Fiber Current and Voltage Sensors
Optical Fiber Current and Voltage Sensors is the first book to provide a complete, comprehensive and up to date treatment of the domain of fiber optic and polarimetric sensors, covering fundamental operating principles, characteristics, and construction.Written by one of the most recognised experts in polarimetric sensing, Optical Fiber Current and Voltage Sensors begins by covering the fundamentals of polarized light, as well as essential sensor components. The author then goes on to outline various sensor types and their applications, with a focus on sensors for electric phenomena. The chapters then lay out the demands that sensors need to meet, the technical obstacles and limitations which need to be considered. The book also covers comparisons to corresponding traditional instruments, as well as covering alternative non-conventional sensors.This book will be of interest to a broad audience of prospective readers ranging from graduate research students, to researchers in physics and engineering fields, to industry professionals active in the field who wish to learn about the technology and/or are interested in the development of new commercial solutions based on polarimetric-type fiber sensing as well as their use for high voltage current and voltage sensing.
Mathematical Quantum Physics for Engineers and Technologists
Continuing size reduction in mesoscopic and nanoscopic electronic, photonic, and plasmonic devices makes the employment of quantum physics (QP) and quantum electrodynamics (QED) inevitable. Engineers at the forefront of these fields increasingly need to have a working knowledge of QP and, more importantly, feel confident to manoeuver through the intricate calculations involved. However, electrical engineers and applied physicists are typically unfamiliar with the sophisticated mathematical apparatus in QP and QED, which is generally perceived to be formidably abstract. The Mathematical Quantum Physics for Engineers and Technologists volumes aim to explain the mathematical foundation of QP and QED to engineers using an engineer's mindset as the starting point, and following a new line of thinking based on clarity and obviousness. Written for an audience of researchers and advanced students in electrical engineering, computer science, applied mathematics and applied physics, the Mathematical Quantum Physics for Engineers and Technologists volumes guide readers towards acquiring a solid understanding of the mathematical intricacies of quantum physics and quantum electrodynamics. Volume 1 covers topics including the resolution of identity, generalized functions, bases, dual bases, frames, dual frames, generalized transforms and inverse transforms, operator gymnastics, canonical commutation relationships, standard and generalized creation and annihilation operators.
Quantum Field Theory and Functional Integrals
Described here is Feynman's path integral approach to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory from a functional integral point of view. Therein lies the main focus of Euclidean field theory. The notion of Gaussian measure and the construction of the Wiener measure are covered. As well, the notion of classical mechanics and the Schr繹dinger picture of quantum mechanics are recalled. There, the equivalence to the path integral formalism is shown by deriving the quantum mechanical propagator from it. Additionally, an introduction to elements of constructive quantum field theory is provided for readers.
Introduction to Quantum Fields on a Lattice
This book provides a concise introduction to quantum fields on a lattice: a precise and non-perturbative definition of quantum field theory obtained by replacing continuous space-time by a discrete set of points on a lattice. The path integral on the lattice is explained in concrete examples using weak and strong coupling expansions. Fundamental concepts such as 'triviality' of Higgs fields and confinement of quarks and gluons into hadrons are described and illustrated with the results of numerical simulations. The book also provides an introduction to chiral symmetry and chiral gauge theory, as well as quantized non-Abelian gauge fields, scaling and universality. Based on the lecture notes of a course given by the author, this book contains many explanatory examples and exercises, and is suitable as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses. Originally published in 2002, this title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
Introduction to Quantum Fields on a Lattice
This book provides a concise introduction to quantum fields on a lattice: a precise and non-perturbative definition of quantum field theory obtained by replacing continuous space-time by a discrete set of points on a lattice. The path integral on the lattice is explained in concrete examples using weak and strong coupling expansions. Fundamental concepts such as 'triviality' of Higgs fields and confinement of quarks and gluons into hadrons are described and illustrated with the results of numerical simulations. The book also provides an introduction to chiral symmetry and chiral gauge theory, as well as quantized non-Abelian gauge fields, scaling and universality. Based on the lecture notes of a course given by the author, this book contains many explanatory examples and exercises, and is suitable as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses. Originally published in 2002, this title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
The Lund Model
The Lund model, inspired by quantum chromodynamics, has provided a promising approach to the dynamics of quark and gluon interactions. Starting with a brief reprise of basic concepts in relativity, quantum mechanics of fields and particle physics, this book discusses: the dynamics of the massless relativistic string; confinement; causality and relativistic covariance; Lund fragmentation processes; QED and QCD Bremsstrahlung; multiplicities and particle-parton distributions. Throughout the book, theory is confronted with current experimental data, and implications for future experiments are also considered. The book also explores the relationships between the Lund model and other models based on field theory (the Schwinger model, S-matrix models, light-cone algebra physics and variations of the parton model), and models based on statistical mechanics (the Feynman-Wilson gas, scaling, iterative cascade models). This title, first published in 1998, has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
Topological Quantum
At the intersection of physics, mathematics, and computer science, an exciting new field of study has formed, known as "Topological Quantum." This research field examines the deep connections between the theory of knots, special types of subatomic particles known as anyons, certain phases of matter, and quantum computation. This book elucidates this nexus, drawing in topics ranging from quantum gravity to topology to experimental condensed matter physics. Topological quantum has increasingly been a focus point in the fields of condensed matter physics and quantum information over the last few decades, and the forefront of research now builds on the basic ideas presented in this book. The material is presented in a down-to-earth and entertaining way that is far less abstract than most of what is in the literature. While introducing the crucial concepts and placing them in context, the subject is presented without resort to the highly mathematical category theory that underlies the field. Requiring only an elementary background in quantum mechanics, this book is appropriate for all readers, from advanced undergraduates to the professional practitioner. This book will be of interest to mathematicians and computer scientists as well as physicists working on a wide range of topics. Those interested in working in these field will find this book to be an invaluable introduction as well as a crucial reference.
Fantastic Numbers and Where to Find Them
A fun, dazzling exploration of the strange numbers that illuminate the ultimate nature of reality. For particularly brilliant theoretical physicists such as James Clerk Maxwell, Paul Dirac, and Albert Einstein, the search for mathematical truths led to strange new understandings of the ultimate nature of reality. But what are these truths? What are the mysterious numbers that explain the universe? In Fantastic Numbers and Where to Find Them, the leading theoretical physicist and YouTube star Antonio Padilla takes us on an irreverent cosmic tour of nine of the most extraordinary numbers in physics, offering a startling picture of how the universe works. They include Graham's number, which is so large that if you thought about it in the wrong way, your head would collapse into a singularity; TREE(3), whose finite nature can never be definitively proved because to do so would take so much time that the universe would experience a Poincar矇 recurrence, resetting to precisely the state it currently holds, down to the arrangement of individual atoms; and 10^{-120}, measuring the desperately unlikely balance of energy needed to allow the universe to exist for more than just a moment, to extend beyond the size of a single atom. Leading us down the rabbit hole to a deeper knowledge of reality, Padilla explains how these unusual numbers are the keys to grasping such mind-boggling phenomena as black holes, relativity, and the problem of the cosmological constant--that the two best and most rigorously tested ways of understanding the universe contradict each other. Fantastic Numbers and Where to Find Them is a combination of popular and cutting-edge science--and a lively, entertaining, and even funny exploration of the most fundamental units of the universe.
The Quantum-Like Revolution
Over the last ten years, elements of the formalism of quantum mechanics have been successfully applied beyond physics in areas such as psychology (especially cognition), economics and finance (especially in the formalization of so-called 'decision making'), political science, and molecular biology. An important stream of work along these lines, commonly under the heading of quantum-like modeling, has been published in well regarded scientific journals, and major publishers have devoted entire books to the topic. This Festschrift honors a key figure in this field of research: Andrei Khrennikov, who made momentous contributions to it and to quantum foundations themselves. While honoring these contributions, and in order to do so, this Festschrift orients its reader toward the future rather than focusing on the past: it addresses future challenges and establishes the way forward in both domains, quantum-like modeling and quantum foundations. A while ago, in response to the developments of using the quantum formalism outside of quantum mechanics, the eminent quantum physicist Anton Zeilinger said, 'Why should it be precisely the quantum mechanics formalism? Maybe its generalization would be more adequate...' This volume responds to this statement by both showing the reasons for the continuing importance of quantum formalism and yet also considering pathways to such generalizations. Khrennikov's work has been indispensable in establishing the great promise of quantum and quantum-like thinking in shaping the future of scientific research across the disciplines.
Quantum Mechanics
This book provides a clear understanding of quantum mechanics (QM) by developing it from fundamental postulates in an axiomatic manner, as its central theme. The target audience is physics students at master's level. It avoids historical developments, which are piecemeal, not logically well knitted, and may lead to misconceptions. Instead, in the present approach all of QM and all its rules are developed logically starting from the fundamental postulates only and no other assumptions.Specially noteworthy topics have been developed in a smooth contiguous fashion following the central theme. They provide a new approach to understanding QM. In most other texts, these are presented as disjoint separate topics. Since the reader may not be acquainted with advanced mathematical topics like linear vector space, a number of such topics have been presented as "mathematical preliminary." Standard topics, viz. derivation of uncertainty relations, simple harmonic oscillator by operator method, bound systems in one and three dimensions, angular momentum, hydrogen-like atom, and scattering in one and three dimensions, are woven into the central theme.Advanced topics like approximation methods, spin and generalized angular momenta, addition of angular momenta, and relativistic quantum mechanics have been reserved for Volume II. ​
Nonlinear Waves and Inverse Scattering Transform
Nonlinear waves are essential phenomena in scientific and engineering disciplines. The features of nonlinear waves are usually described by solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). This book was prepared to familiarize students with nonlinear waves and methods of solving NLPDEs, which will enable them to expand their studies into related areas. The selection of topics and the focus given to each provide essential materials for a lecturer teaching a nonlinear wave course.Chapter 1 introduces 'mode' types in nonlinear systems as well as B瓣cklund transform, an indispensable technique to solve generic NLPDEs for stationary solutions. Chapters 2 and 3 are devoted to the derivation and solution characterization of three generic nonlinear equations: nonlinear Schr繹dinger equation, Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, and Burgers equation. Chapter 4 is devoted to the inverse scattering transform (IST), addressing the initial value problems of a group of NLPDEs. In Chapter 5, derivations and proofs of the IST formulas are presented. Steps for applying IST to solve NLPDEs for solitary solutions are illustrated in Chapter 6.
Mom Magic, Moms in STEM
Mom Magic, Moms in STEM is a how-to guide for women looking to combine their family life and passion for work in STEM fields. Moms don't have to choose between being brilliant and successful, and having a thriving family. And these moms prove it's possible. It is written for moms everywhere who want to be positive role models for young women and girls looking at careers in STEM fields.This anthology of 12 powerful women from across the globe paving the way and acting as role models for our girls and young women! Reaching gender equality in STEM fields isn't just the right thing to do from a social standpoint. It can also improve scientific and financial outcomes, as well as improve the culture of STEM workplaces.The book's mantra is "Mom Magic CAN Change the World"All chapters were authentically written and represent each author's intimate and relatable perspective on Motherhood, their careers in STEM, and the importance of more moms & female role models in STEM fields.While there is still work to be done, we have made significant improvements in gender equality in STEM fields! Inside this book are 12 strategies to help you thrive in your chosen career path.You will learn: How to get ahead in your careerHow to balance your career in STEM and your family lifeHow to show your daughter positive female role models in STEMHow to further your STEM career without sacrificing your familyWhy do we need more women and moms in STEM fieldsAnd so much moreScience is not a boy's game, it's not a girl's game. It's everyone's game. It's about where we are and where we're going.- Nichelle Nichols, Former NASA Ambassador and ActressJoin the founder, Angela Bell, as well as the other 11 amazing authors in Mom Magic, Moms in STEM Angela BellLinda HasenfratzNancy HammondJennifer MarvinStephanie NanaJennifer RadolakDanelle SmithNicole ArseneauErin LuongYanik SheaMegan NilonMadeline AugustinThe Inspired & Profitable Mompreneur was created by Angela Bell, to serve the need she saw and experienced as a mom; the need for time, financial freedom, and flexibility. She is the podcast host of the Inspired & Profitable Mompreneur Podcast, Amazon best-selling author, and motivational speaker who travels the world. Angela is the movement creator of #MomMagic: The movement has been created to empower moms around the world to live their best life, create time and financial freedom via their own business, and use their power to create a better world! The Inspired & Profitable Mompreneur educates, celebrates, and empowers Moms globally.
Laser Communication with Constellation Satellites, Uavs, Haps and Balloons
This book presents posits a solution to the current limitations in global connectivity by introducing a global laser/optical communication system using constellation satellites, UAVs, HAPs and Balloons. The author outlines how this will help to satisfy the tremendous increasing demand for data exchange and information between end-users worldwide including in remote locations. The book provides both fundamentals and the advanced technology development in establishing worldwide communication and global connectivity using, (I) All-Optical technology, and (ii) Laser/Optical Communication Constellation Satellites (of different types, sizes and at different orbits), UAVs, HAPs (High Altitude Platforms) and Balloons. The book discusses step-by-step methods to develop a satellite backbone in order to interconnect a number of ground nodes clustered within a few SD-WAN (software-defined networking) in a wide area network (WAN) around the world in order to provide a fully-meshed communication network. This book pertains to anyone in optical communications, telecommunications, and system engineers, as well as technical managers in the aerospace industry and the graduate students, and researchers in academia and research laboratory.Proposed a solution to the limitations in global connectivity through a global laser/optical communication system using constellation satellites, UAVs, HAPs and Balloons;Provides both fundamentals and the advanced technology development in establishing global communication connectivity using optical technology and communication constellation satellites;Includes in-depth coverage of the basics of laser/optical communication constellation satellites.
Studies in Theoretical Physics
This book introduces tensor calculus needed in advanced theoretical physics courses such as general relativity, fluid dynamics, quantum information theory, quantum field theory, and continuum mechanics. It provides several examples illustrating applications of tensor calculus in special relativity and relativistic electromagnetism.
Nonlinear Modeling Analysis and Predistortion Algorithm Research of Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers
This book is a summary of a series of achievements made by the authors and colleagues in the areas of radio frequency power amplifier modeling (including neural Volterra series modeling, neural network modeling, X-parameter modeling), nonlinear analysis methods, and power amplifier predistortion technology over the past 10 years. The book is organized into ten chapters, which respectively describe an overview of research of power amplifier behavioral models and predistortion technology, nonlinear characteristics of power amplifiers, power amplifier behavioral models and the basis of nonlinear analysis, an overview of power amplifier predistortion, Volterra series modeling of power amplifiers, power amplifier modeling based on neural networks, power amplifier modeling with X-parameters, the modeling of other power amplifiers, nonlinear circuit analysis methods, and predistortion algorithms and applications.Blending theory with analysis, this book will provide researchers and RF/microwave engineering students with a valuable resource.
Electromagnetic Field in Advancing Science and Technology
As a fundamental aspect of science and technology, the electromagnetic field has infiltrated most human activities. This book reviews recent achievements in electromagnetic field theory, in the scientific research driven by the electromagnetic field, and in the application of the electromagnetic field in advanced technology. Theoretical aspects of the electromagnetic field are examined in detail and new interpretations of the basic interactions related to magnetic fields are proposed. Among the scientific research topics reviewed, new understandings are achieved of long-distance wireless power transfer, nerve impulses, and electromagnetic diagnosis mechanisms. A new concept of the electric field at the verge of discharge is applied to the electric fields produced by any distribution or structure of electric charges in clouds. The detailed relationship between materials and microwave electromagnetic fields is described in order to achieve fine control of the chemical reaction field in materials under microwave irradiation. Electromagnetic power consumption in microelectronic devices is carefully analysed, enabling power saving in CMOS/FinFET circuits. The effective use of 2D materials in newly developed electronic, electromagnetic resistive switching devices is investigated.
New Trends in Electric Machines - Technology and Applications
Electric machines are widely used in industry, energy, and transport, among other sectors. They are also heavily researched with scientific and technological efforts focusing on three main areas: electric motor technologies, supervision and maintenance strategies, and control schemes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the technology and applications of electric machines. It is organized into two sections on maintenance and control. Chapters address such topics as signal processing and artificial intelligence, fault detection and identification schemes, predictive maintenance strategies, direct torque control and Lyapunov-based sensorless control, and more.
Quantum Communication
This book is the second volume in the series New Era Electronics, a compilation of lecture notes defining the important concepts tied to the electronics transition happening in the 21st century. Quantum communication is introduced in this volume through the coverage of relevant, basic concepts of quantum mechanics and the introduction of quantum elements of a quantum optical communication system. Also included is a quantum description of electromagnetic fields and its interaction with atoms to generate, store, measure and control quantum optical information encoded onto optical fields.By taking a conceptual and less mathematical approach to quantum optics and quantum information, this book becomes accessible to broader audiences and engineers working actively in the technical field. The reader is only required to have a basic understanding of undergraduate linear algebra.
Quantum Communication
This book is the second volume in the series New Era Electronics, a compilation of lecture notes defining the important concepts tied to the electronics transition happening in the 21st century. Quantum communication is introduced in this volume through the coverage of relevant, basic concepts of quantum mechanics and the introduction of quantum elements of a quantum optical communication system. Also included is a quantum description of electromagnetic fields and its interaction with atoms to generate, store, measure and control quantum optical information encoded onto optical fields.By taking a conceptual and less mathematical approach to quantum optics and quantum information, this book becomes accessible to broader audiences and engineers working actively in the technical field. The reader is only required to have a basic understanding of undergraduate linear algebra.
The Pursuit of Reality
In a highly accessible style, this book presents a narrative history of the quantum theory with the new developments that intrigue all inquisitive minds. Quantum theory is counter-intuitive and sometimes downright weird. Even Nobel Laureate physicists like Richard Feynman admit that they do not understand it. Yet, so far, there is not a shred of experimental data that conflicts with its predictions. Its effect on our lives is bound to increase with the quantum information era ushered in by the great Bohr-Einstein debate. Tantalizing applications of quantum information like teleportation, spy-proof communication, super-fast quantum computers, and more are going to influence our lives and change our beliefs about the nature of physical reality. This book takes the reader on an exhilarating journey through the intellectual history of quantum that is turning out to be more surprising every day.
Quantiversum Portal
THE GATES AND PORTALS DID EXIST People from the continents of the Earth were able to relocate to other worlds/earths by ships. It's not for nothing that they say space elf, because they were real ships sailing through the gates in ice to other worlds and not to the empty space above Earth. Universe means "Whole World" in Czech. People sailed through the gates or to travel to the Whole World used Portals, based on a similar system used in the Philadelphia Experiment. Some places in the world like the island of Rapa-Iti, still have the Portal. Portals were either rebuilt or demolished.
Medical Image Reconstruction
This textbook introduces the essential concepts of tomography in the field of medical imaging. The medical imaging modalities include x-ray CT (computed tomography), PET (positron emission tomography), SPECT (single photon emission tomography) and MRI. In these modalities, the measurements are not in the image domain and the conversion from the measurements to the images is referred to as the image reconstruction. The work covers various image reconstruction methods, ranging from the classic analytical inversion methods to the optimization-based iterative image reconstruction methods. As machine learning methods have lately exhibited astonishing potentials in various areas including medical imaging the author devotes one chapter to applications of machine learning in image reconstruction. Based on college level in mathematics, physics, and engineering the textbook supports students in understanding the concepts. It is an essential reference for graduate students and engineers with electrical engineering and biomedical background due to its didactical structure and the balanced combination of methodologies and applications,
Geometric Quantum Mechanics
Geometric Quantum Mechanics Unique senior undergraduate/graduate level textbook on quantum mechanics that employs an intuitive, geometry-driven approach to the subject Geometric Quantum Mechanics is a textbook for quantum mechanics at the senior undergraduate and graduate level and follows a unique approach to the material. The first chapter starts with the discussion of the properties of space leading to an understanding of operator techniques, Pauli matrices, spinors, quantum angular momentum, etc. Techniques from geometric algebra is frequently employed leading to more intuitive insights into the concepts. The second chapter extends the results to spacetime. The study of the motion in and the production of electromagnetic fields leads to the Lorentz and Maxwell equations, respectively. The nonrelativistic limit leads to the Schr繹dinger/Heisenberg equations. This provides an overview how different fields are linked to each other. The following chapters discuss applications of quantum mechanics. This covers a very broad area of physics showing how the ideas from quantum mechanics affect different fields. These are subdivided into chapters on single-particle problems, many-particle systems, and collective and emergent phenomena. The coverage includes the fundamental forces, atoms, molecules and solids, nuclear and particle physics, mass generation and the Higgs field, superconductivity, superfluidity, etc. The book restricts itself to the essence of these topics allowing the reader to understand how quantum mechanics impacts modern-day physics and chemistry. It appeals to instructors and students due to its different approach with its extensive use of geometric algebra and the broad range of modern applications.
Stochastic Mechanics
Stochastic mechanics is a theory that holds great promise in resolving the mathematical and interpretational issues encountered in the canonical and path integral formulations of quantum theories. It provides an equivalent formulation of quantum theories, but substantiates it with a mathematically rigorous stochastic interpretation by means of a stochastic quantization prescription.The book builds on recent developments in this theory, and shows that quantum mechanics can be unified with the theory of Brownian motion in a single mathematical framework. Moreover, it discusses the extension of the theory to curved spacetime using second order geometry, and the induced It繫 deformations of the spacetime symmetries. The book is self-contained and provides an extensive review of stochastic mechanics of the single spinless particle. The book builds up the theory on a step by step basis. It starts, in chapter 2, with a review of the classical particle subjected to scalar and vector potentials. In chapter 3, the theory is extended to the study of a Brownian motion in any potential, by the introduction of a Gaussian noise. In chapter 4, the Gaussian noise is complexified. The result is a complex diffusion theory that contains both Brownian motion and quantum mechanics as a special limit. In chapters 5, the theory is extended to relativistic diffusion theories. In chapter 6, the theory is further generalized to the context of pseudo-Riemannian geometry. Finally, in chapter 7, some interpretational aspects of the stochastic theory are discussed in more detail. The appendices concisely review relevant notions from probability theory, stochastic processes, stochastic calculus, stochastic differential geometry and stochastic variational calculus. The book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in theoretical physics and applied mathematics with an interest in the foundations of quantum theory andBrownian motion. The book can be used as reference material for courses on and further research in stochastic mechanics, stochastic quantization, diffusion theories on curved spacetimes and quantum gravity.
A Mysterious Universe
A Mysterious Universe introduces the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, theory of relativity, and cosmology to a novice in simple language. This concise book deals with deep issues related to the mysteries of modern physics. Both quantum mechanics and relativity are highly mathematical subjects and are not easily accessible. In 2020, the author wrote a book Quantum Mechanics for Beginners with the aim of introducing the fundamentals of quantum theory to someone with elementary knowledge of physics and algebra. Here he goes one step further and introduces these ideas to someone with no prior knowledge of physics and mathematics. In the first part of the book, topics like the wave-particle duality, the probabilistic nature of the measurement, the possibility of multiple universes, and the nature of reality are discussed. In the second part, Einstein's special and general theories of relativity and their amazing and mind-boggling consequences are presented. The impact of the theory of relativity on cosmology is immense. The big bang model of the universe, black holes, and the current hot topics of dark matter and dark energy are explained and discussed. These fields that may hold the key to many unanswered questions about the universe are still evolving. This book is intended for readers, young and old, who would like to understand the incomprehensible laws that govern the universe without any prior background in physics and mathematics.
Get in the Game 2
Would you like to gain cosmic intel?, with this information you can be your most prosperous self right now. Get in the game 2, A multidimensional perspective The Metaphysical Universal Law book is a best selling, most effective self help guide published. A spiritual work with spiritual tools, practices and exercises to not only guide you but to also assist you with navigating life easier so as to have life more abundantly right now. This spiritual work guidance tool self help guide book will reveal 99 universal laws that are all Universal truths which are not yet talked about. You can use this right knowledge and right wisdom to play the game of life as you create the life you have always dreamed of. This is an extended work of book number one which is Get In The Game, Checkpoints A Spiritual Physical Experience, The guide to navigating life with ease. So let's go, I am inviting you to grow and learn with me as we soar through our once limiting belief patterns to wisely choose what is serving us and what isn't serving consciously, collectively, courageously, and confidently. Apply this wisdom and watch what happens in your life.
Recent Advances in Graphene Nanophotonics
There are growing advantages to the use of graphene-based nanophotonics in communication, sensing, security, safety, spectroscopy, manufacturing, biomedicine, agriculture, imaging, and other fields. These advantages, as well as the numerous challenges associated with this technology and proposed solutions to these challenges, are summarized in this book. The key objective of the book is to serve as a single-source reference for the rapidly expanding application aspects of the technology of graphene-based nanophotonics, as well as the number of modules required for their successful implementation. This book seeks to give readers a comprehensive understanding of several elements of graphene-based nanophotonics, such as emerging application areas, the design and modelling of sensors, absorbers, optical fiber, encoders, etc. A complete view of the progress and breakthroughs in novel materials for sensing, detecting and encoding technology is presented. The book also emphasizes theconsequences of THz signals on human health, as well as the environmental components of THz. This book will be of tremendous value for those with an interest in electronic engineering, particularly those keeping an eye on this emerging technology.
Unpublished works JP Daley 4th
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Light and X-Ray Optics
Contemporary optics is the foundation of many of today's technologies including various focusing and defocusing devices, microscopies and imaging techniques. Light and X-ray Optis for Materials Scientists and Engineers offers a guide to basic concepts and provides an accessible framework for understanding this highly application-relevant branch of science for materials scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, and engineers trained in different disciplines. The text links the fundamentals of optics to modern applications, especially for promotion of nanotechnology and life science, such as conventional, near-field, confocal, phase-contrast microscopies and imaging schemes based on interference and diffraction phenomena. Written by a noted expert and experienced instructor, the book contains numerous worked examples throughout to help the reader gain a thorough understanding of the concepts and information presented. The text covers a wide range of relevant topics, including reflection, refraction, and focusing phenomena, wave polarization and birefringence in crystals, optics in negative materials, metamaterials, and photonic structures, holography, light and X-ray interferometry, extensive description of diffraction optics, including dynamical X-ray diffraction, and more.
Modern Semiconductor Physics and Device Applications
This textbook provides a theoretical background for contemporary trends in solid state theory and semiconductor device physics.
Laser Polarimetry of Biological Tissues
This book highlights the results of numerical computer-aided smart methods as part of a comprehensive statistical, correlated, and fractal analysis of laser polarimetry. It includes a comprehensive approach to differentiation of lifelong or postmortem origin of injuries and determination of their antiquity based on the analysis of statistical and spatiotemporal frequency evolution of photometric, polarization, and phase parameters of laser images of histological sections of the skin of biomannequins. It discusses the relationship between the coordinate distributions of the intensity of laser images from skin tissues of biomannequins and the nature of its damage. It presents the analysis of relationships between changes in the mean and variance of coordinate distributions of azimuths and ellipticity of polarization images of histological skin sections and the time intervals after injury. Complex differentiation of lifelong and postmortem skin injuries of biomannequins and establishment of their time intervals throughout the entire monitoring interval of changes in the mean and variance of coordinate distributions of phase shifts between orthogonal components of the amplitude of laser images of a series of corresponding histological sections are also presented in this book.
The Lesser-Known Albert Einstein
This book highlights the numerous important contributions that Einstein made to physics--aside from his relativity theories--and places each of his achievements in the corresponding context, referring en route to the original sources.There are very few publications devoted to Einstein's work outside of relativity. This book aims to fill the gap by exploring the scope of Einstein's contributions on topics including molecular forces, thermostatistics, the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, molecular currents, critical opalescence, energy quanta, dual structure of radiation, introduction of the photon, and the formulation of the first quantum statistics.The book pays special attention to Einstein's scepticism toward certain ideas that came to light alongside Schr繹dinger's first formulation of wave mechanics in 1926, also addressing his doubts regarding the probabilistic interpretation of the quantum formalism, an issue closely connected with the hidden variable theories and their implications. The author discusses the early hidden variable theories, whose appearance was largely a result of Einstein's criticism of the orthodox interpretation of quantum formalism.Finally, in an appendix, the author explores the controversy about the possible contribution that Mileva Maric, Albert Einstein's first wife, may have made to some of her husband's main scientific achievements.
Strings to Strings
This book presents the essentials culminating in the effective string theory of flux tubes in meticulous technical and conceptual detail. The book is divided into four parts. Part One provides historical background, while Part Two (consisting of 14 chapters) covers the passage from Heisenberg's S-matrix theory to String Theory. This includes non-perturbative LSZ formalism, dispersion relations, Regge poles, duality and dual resonance models. Part Three offers a comprehensive analysis of QCD, focusing on important concepts like asymptotic freedom and quark confinement. The section also delves into lattice gauge theories and effective descriptions of superconductivity and strong interactions. Part Four, the final two chapters, describe the lattice gauge theory determinations of Yang-Mills flux tubes in three and four dimensions and effective string theories, including their systematic constructions. These chapters provide detailed technical information to help readers, especially students, develop their expertise in these ideas. This book is ideal for graduate students, postdocs, and senior researchers looking to deepen their understanding of effective string theory and related concepts.
Modern Quantum Theory
In the last few decades quantum theory has experienced an extensive revival owing to the rapid development of quantum information and quantum technologies. Based on a series of courses taught by the authors, the book takes the reader on a journey from the beginnings of quantum theory in the early twentieth century to the realm of quantum-information processing in the twenty-first. The central aim of this textbook, therefore, is to offer a detailed introduction to quantum theory that covers both physical and information-theoretic aspects, with a particular focus on the concept of entanglement and its characteristics, variants, and applications. Suitable for undergraduate students in physics and related subjects who encounter quantum mechanics for the first time, this book also serves as a resource for graduate students who want to engage with more advanced topics, offering a collection of derivations, proofs, technical methods, and references for graduate students and more experienced readers engaged with teaching and active research. The book is divided into three parts: Part I - Quantum Mechanics, Part II - Entanglement and Non-Locality, and Part III - Advanced Topics in Modern Quantum Physics. Part I provides a modern view on quantum mechanics, a central topic of theoretical physics. Part II is dedicated to the foundations of quantum mechanics and entanglement: starting with density operators, hidden-variable theories, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox, and Bell Inequalities, but also touching upon philosophical questions, followed by a deeper study of entanglement-based quantum communication protocols like teleportation, before giving a detailed exposition of entanglement theory, including tools for the detection and quantification of entanglement. Part III is intended as a collection of standalone chapters to supplement the contents of Parts I and II, covering more advanced topics such as classical and quantum entropies, quantum operations and measurements, decoherence, quantum metrology and quantum optics, and entanglement in particle physics.
Introduction to Quantum Computing with Q# and Qdk
This book introduces the fundamentals of the theory of quantum computing, illustrated with code samples written in Q#, a quantum-specific programming language, and its related Quantum Development Kit. Quantum computing (QC) is a multidisciplinary field that sits at the intersection of quantum physics, quantum information theory, computer science and mathematics, and which may revolutionize the world of computing and software engineering. The book begins by covering historical aspects of quantum theory and quantum computing, as well as offers a gentle, algebra-based, introduction to quantum mechanics, specifically focusing on concepts essential for the field of quantum programming. Quantum state description, state evolution, quantum measurement and the Bell's theorem are among the topics covered. The readers also get a tour of the features of Q# and familiarize themselves with the QDK. Next, the core QC topics are discussed, complete with the necessary mathematical formalism. This includes the notions of qubit, quantum gates and quantum circuits. In addition to that, the book provides a detailed treatment of a series of important concepts from quantum information theory, in particular entanglement and the no-cloning theorem, followed by discussion about quantum key distribution and its various protocols. Finally, the canon of most important QC algorithms and algorithmic techniques is covered in-depth - from the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm, through Grover's search, to Quantum Fourier Transform, quantum phase estimation and Shor's algorithm. The book is an accessible introduction into the vibrant and fascinating field of quantum computing, offering a blend of academic diligence with pragmatism that is so central to software development world. All of the discussed theoretical aspects of QC are accompanied by runnable code examples, providing the reader with two different angles - mathematical and programmatic - of looking at the same problem space.
Electricity, Magnetism, Gravity & The Big Bang
Charles R.Storey's theory, which he has shared with Stephen Hawking and other prominent physicists is explained here in detail. Lumeniferous Ether Theory and other theories are examined in depth and included in a unified field theory which interconnects electricity, magnetism and gravity.Our current method of space travel will require an enormous amount of time and effort to explore and colonize celestial bodies relatively close to earth. A unified theory which brings our understanding of relativity and quantum theory together into one complete systems of thought may broaden our perceptions regarding our space-time continnum and may also provide us with an entirely new system of space travel.
Electricity, Magnetism, Gravity & The Big Bang
Charles R.Storey's theory, which he has shared with Stephen Hawking and other prominent physicists is explained here in detail. Lumeniferous Ether Theory and other theories are examined in depth and included in a unified field theory which interconnects electricity, magnetism and gravity.Our current method of space travel will require an enormous amount of time and effort to explore and colonize celestial bodies relatively close to earth. A unified theory which brings our understanding of relativity and quantum theory together into one complete systems of thought may broaden our perceptions regarding our space-time continnum and may also provide us with an entirely new system of space travel.
Foundations of Physics
This updated edition is designed as a self-teaching, calculus-based introduction to the concepts of physics. Numerous examples, applications, and figures provide readers with simple explanations. Standard topics include vectors, conservation of energy, Newton's Laws, momentum, motion, gravity, relativity, waves, fluid mechanics, circuits, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and more. FEATURES: Designed as a calculus-based, introduction to the key concepts of physicsPractical techniques, including the collection, presentation, analysis and evaluation of data, are discussed in the context of key experiments linked to the theoretical spine of the work
