Coherent States and Applications in Mathematical Physics
This second edition of the outstanding monograph on coherent states by Combescure and Robert published in 2012 is enriched with figures, historical information and numerical simulations and enlarged with five new chapters presenting important rigorous results obtained in the recent years. The new chapters include various applications such as to the time dependent Schroedinger equation and the Ehrenfest time, to the growth of norms and energy exchanges, to chaotic systems and classical systems with quantum ergodic behavior, and to open quantum systems, and to adiabatic decoupling for multicomponent systems Overall, this book presents the various types of coherent states introduced and studied in the physics and mathematics literature and describes their properties together with application to quantum physics problems. It is intended to serve as a compendium on coherent states and their applications for physicists and mathematicians, stretching from the basic mathematicalstructures of generalized coherent states in the sense of Perelomov via the semiclassical evolution of coherent states to various specific examples of coherent states (hydrogen atom, quantum oscillator, etc.). It goes beyond existing books on coherent states in terms of a rigorous mathematical framework
Electromagnetism for Engineers
Electromagnetism for Engineers An easily accessible textbook to introduce the power of electromagnetism Electromagnetism can be a difficult subject to grasp and to teach. Much of what we take for granted in modern life is enabled by electromagnetic effects, but it isn't always easy to understand the impact of electromagnetism compared to other areas of engineering, such as mechanics, which are more tangibly observed and felt. Although electromagnetism is a crucial and important branch of physics with elegant mathematics, many students can find the study of electromagnetism inaccessible. It is crucial for students of electrical and electronic engineering and physics to have a strong understanding of electromagnetism and how it impacts communications, power generation and transmission, semiconductor devices, motors, and more. Electromagnetism for Engineers aims to develop a student's understanding of electromagnetism in the context of real effects and how they apply to such applications, whilst maintaining the sophistication of the mathematics that can be used to give deeper insight. It begins by describing the fundamentals of electromagnetism before a more detailed discussion of the basic concepts developed for specific application areas. It then considers the application of electromagnetism to transmission lines, antennas, and waveguides. Electromagnetism for Engineers readers will find: A unique approach that illustrates the link between real-life applications and fundamental theory of electromagnetism Clear, concise language to help students gain a full understanding of the subject Carefully designed figures to illustrate points throughout the book Accompanying website at www.wiley.com/go/flewitt1418 Electromagnetism for Engineers has been written as a textbook for undergraduates studying electronic or electrical engineering. The manual can also be of interest to physics students and to graduate-level students desirous of having a general book on electromagnetism. It is also a useful reference for professional engineers looking for a refresher on the fundamentals of electromagnetism.
Theory and Computation of Electromagnetic Fields in Layered Media
Explore the algorithms and numerical methods used to compute electromagnetic fields in multi-layered media In Theory and Computation of Electromagnetic Fields in Layered Media, two distinguished electrical engineering researchers deliver a detailed and up-to-date overview of the theory and numerical methods used to determine electromagnetic fields in layered media. The book begins with an introduction to Maxwell's equations, the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory, and concepts and definitions relating to Green's function. It then moves on to solve canonical problems in vertical and horizontal dipole radiation, describe Method of Moments schemes, discuss integral equations governing electromagnetic fields, and explains the Michalski-Zheng theory of mixed-potential Green's function representation in multi-layered media. Chapters on the evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals, procedures for far field evaluation, and the theory and application of hierarchical matrices are also included, along with: A thorough introduction to free-space Green's functions, including the delta-function model for point charge and dipole current Comprehensive explorations of the traditional form of layered medium Green's function in three dimensions Practical discussions of electro-quasi-static and magneto-quasi-static fields in layered media, including electrostatic fields in two and three dimensions In-depth examinations of the rational function fitting method, including direct spectra fitting with VECTFIT algorithms Perfect for scholars and students of electromagnetic analysis in layered media, Theory and Computation of Electromagnetic Fields in Layered Media will also earn a place in the libraries of CAD industry engineers and software developers working in the area of computational electromagnetics.
The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra
Both the interpretation of atomic spectra and the application of atomic spectroscopy to current problems in astrophysics, laser physics, and thermonuclear plasmas require a thorough knowledge of the Slater-Condon theory of atomic structure and spectra. This book gathers together aspects of the theory that are widely scattered in the literature and augments them to produce a coherent set of closed-form equations suitable both for computer calculations on cases of arbitrary complexity and for hand calculations for very simple cases.
A Practical Microwave Radiometer Design and Atmosphere Remote Sensing
The principles and related concepts and methods of atmosphere remote sensing by using microwave radiometers are explained as clear as possible in this book. Practical design tools are presented as well, including: A. The method and procedure for designing and analyzing a microwave radiometer are presented through an example design of a V band microwave radiometer, and the design is down to schematic level including design of radiometer microwave front end and radiometer controller; B. A lot of MATLAB programs are presented in this book for designing and simulating radiometers, including programs to calculate atmosphere microwave absorption coefficients, programs to execute the tipping curve calibration, and programs to retrieve atmosphere temperature profile; C. The Backus-Gilbert method has been applied successfully for resolving the inverse problem of radiation transfer equation and a full MATLAB program package for implementing the Backus-Gilbert algorithm is presented in this book. D. An example design of a V-band radiometer by using substrate technology is presented as well. E. Finally, almost every aspects of the two point calibration method are analyzed and a real time calibration procedure (doing calibration while carrying out measurement) is proposed for noise adding radiometers.
Halide Perovskite Lasers
This book highlights the rapidly emerging field of solution-processed halide perovskite lasers. These amazing materials not only possess exceptional photovoltaic properties, but are also outstanding optical gain media. Halide perovskites are the latest member of solution-processed optical gain media, joining organics and traditional semiconductor colloidal quantum dots. Amplified spontaneous emission and lasing have been demonstrated in various halide perovskite configurations and nanostructures with wavelengths tunable over the visible and infrared wavelengths (400-1000 nm). This book provides comprehensive information on perovskite lasing, starting with some fundamentals of lasers and their basic operating principles. Unambiguous methods for identifying lasing light emission are presented, while the basic optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials are also discussed, with an emphasis on their photophysics, using ultrafast optical spectroscopy techniques. The viabilityof perovskites as a gain media within a suitable resonator, as well as the characterization methods for optical gain, are highlighted. The book closes with a discussion on the remaining challenges (such as electrical driven lasing and material stabilities) that need to be tackled, and the future of this new family of lasers.
Wireless Discrete-Time Receivers
The first comprehensive guide to discrete-time (DT) receivers (RX), discussing the fundamental concepts and implications of the technology. This book will serve as an essential reference, covering the necessary building blocks of this field, such as low-noise transconductance amplifiers, current-driven mixers, DT band-pass filters, and DT low-pass filters. As well as addressing the basics, the authors present the most recent state-of-the-art techniques applied to the DT RX blocks. A step-by-step style is used to allow readers to develop the required skills to design the DT receivers at the architecture level, while providing in-depth knowledge of the details. Written by leading experts from academia, research, and industry, this book provides an excellent reference to the subject for a wide audience, from postgraduate students to experienced researchers and professionals working with RF circuits.
Quantum Legacies
A series of engaging essays that explore iconic moments of discovery and debate in physicists' ongoing quest to understand the quantum world. The ideas at the root of quantum theory remain stubbornly, famously bizarre: a solid world reduced to puffs of probability; particles that tunnel through walls; cats suspended in zombielike states, neither alive nor dead; and twinned particles that share entangled fates. For more than a century, physicists have grappled with these conceptual uncertainties while enmeshed in the larger uncertainties of the social and political worlds around them, a time pocked by the rise of fascism, cataclysmic world wars, and a new nuclear age. In Quantum Legacies, David Kaiser introduces readers to iconic episodes in physicists' still-unfolding quest to understand space, time, and matter at their most fundamental. In a series of vibrant essays, Kaiser takes us inside moments of discovery and debate among the great minds of the era-Albert Einstein, Erwin Schr繹dinger, Stephen Hawking, and many more who have indelibly shaped our understanding of nature-as they have tried to make sense of a messy world. Ranging across space and time, the episodes span the heady 1920s, the dark days of the 1930s, the turbulence of the Cold War, and the peculiar political realities that followed. In those eras as in our own, researchers' ambition has often been to transcend the vagaries of here and now, to contribute lasting insights into how the world works that might reach beyond a given researcher's limited view. In Quantum Legacies, Kaiser unveils the difficult and unsteady work required to forge some shared understanding between individuals and across generations, and in doing so, he illuminates the deep ties between scientific exploration and the human condition.
Quantum Mechanics II
Quantum Mechanics II: Advanced Topics offers a comprehensive exploration of the state-of-the-art in various advanced topics of current research interest.
Quantum Physics of Semiconductor Materials and Devices
"Quantum Phenomena do not occur in a Hilbert space. They occur in a laboratory". - Asher Peres Semiconductor physics is a laboratory to learn and discover the concepts of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, condensed matter physics, and materials science, and the payoffs are almost immediate in the form of useful semiconductor devices. Debdeep Jena has had the opportunity to work on both sides of the fence - on the fundamental materials science and quantum physics of semiconductors, and in their applications in semiconductor electronic and photonic devices. In Quantum Physics of Semiconductors and Nanostructures, Jena uses this experience to make each topic as tangible and accessible as possible to students at all levels. Consider the simplest physical processes that occur in semiconductors: electron or hole transport in bands and over barriers, collision of electrons with the atoms in the crystal, or when electrons and holes annihilate each other to produce a photon. The correct explanation of these processes require a quantum mechanical treatment. Any shortcuts lead to misconceptions that can take years to dispel, and sometimes become roadblocks towards a deeper understanding and appreciation of the richness of the subject. A typical introductory course on semiconductor physics would then require prerequisites of quantum mechanics, statistical physics and thermodynamics, materials science, and electromagnetism. Rarely would a student have all this background when (s)he takes a course of this nature in most universities. Jena's work fills in these gaps and gives students the background and deeper understanding of the quantum physics of semiconductors and nanostructures.
Quantum Physics of Semiconductor Materials and Devices
"Quantum Phenomena do not occur in a Hilbert space. They occur in a laboratory". - Asher Peres Semiconductor physics is a laboratory to learn and discover the concepts of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, condensed matter physics, and materials science, and the payoffs are almost immediate in the form of useful semiconductor devices. Debdeep Jena has had the opportunity to work on both sides of the fence - on the fundamental materials science and quantum physics of semiconductors, and in their applications in semiconductor electronic and photonic devices. In Quantum Physics of Semiconductors and Nanostructures, Jena uses this experience to make each topic as tangible and accessible as possible to students at all levels. Consider the simplest physical processes that occur in semiconductors: electron or hole transport in bands and over barriers, collision of electrons with the atoms in the crystal, or when electrons and holes annihilate each other to produce a photon. The correct explanation of these processes require a quantum mechanical treatment. Any shortcuts lead to misconceptions that can take years to dispel, and sometimes become roadblocks towards a deeper understanding and appreciation of the richness of the subject. A typical introductory course on semiconductor physics would then require prerequisites of quantum mechanics, statistical physics and thermodynamics, materials science, and electromagnetism. Rarely would a student have all this background when (s)he takes a course of this nature in most universities. Jena's work fills in these gaps and gives students the background and deeper understanding of the quantum physics of semiconductors and nanostructures.
Fdtd Analysis of Guided Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Time-Modulated Dielectric Medium
This book presents a detailed analytical and computational electromagnetic (CEM) treatment of guided electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in independently time-varying dielectric medium, using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique. The contents provide an extensive literature review, explaining the importance of time-varying media (temporal photonic crystals) in new exotic applications that involve rich EM phenomena such as parametric amplification, frequency conversion, non-reciprocal gain, electromagnetic energy accumulation, temporal coating and temporal aiming (beam-forming). A one-dimensional (1D) FDTD simulation paradigm is then formulated in this book, starting from Maxwell's equations and boundary conditions. The issues of hard/soft source realizations, perfectly matched layers (PMLs), choice of simulation parameters (cell-size and time-stepping) are thoroughly explained through new visualization tools. This book provides a unique combination of rigorous analytical techniques, several FDTD simulation examples with reproducible source-codes, and new visualization/post-processing mechanisms. The contents of this book should prove to be useful for students, research scholars, scientists and engineers, working in the field of applied electromagnetics, and aiming to design cutting-edge microwave/optical devices based on time-varying medium.
Radio History
In this sweeping history, author Spurgeon G. Roscoe takes a look at the world of amateur radio in North America and the special role the Halifax Amateur Radio Club (HARC), of which he is a member, played in it, from the time of the World Wars all the way to the present day. Roscoe presents an account that is at once intimate and wide-ranging, covering topics from amateur radio's role on the Canadian ships of the 1920s and '30s and during wartime to the involvement of women in the craft, to the technical details of how some of the equipment involved has evolved over time, to a detailed look at the American Radio Relay League and what has appeared in the pages of its membership journal, QST, over its many years in circulation. His own deep, nearly lifelong involvement in amateur radio not only brings a deep base of knowledge to this ambitious project, but a particularly penetrating and oftentimes sentimental lens to it, too-particularly when it comes to documenting the activities of HARC and the many members who have passed in and out of it over the years. Expansive and detailed at once, Radio History: Amateur Radio is essential reading for anyone involved or interested in the hobby worldwide.
The Nature of Temporal (T > 0) Science
The essence of this book is to show that everything has a price within our temporal (t > 0) universe; energy and time. It addresses the very fundamental issues of physics from the position of the principle of causality, i.e. from recognizing the fact that time as a variable describes the physical reality and is fundamentally unidirectional.
Reconfigurable Circuits and Technologies for Smart Millimeter-Wave Systems
Get up to speed on the modelling, design, technologies, and applications of tunable circuits and reconfigurable mm-wave systems. Coverage includes smart antennas and frequency-agile RF components, as well as a detailed comparison of three key technologies for the design of tunable mm-wave circuits: CMOS, RF MEMS, and microwave liquid crystals, and measurement results of state-of-the-art prototypes. Numerous examples of tunable circuits and systems are included that can be practically implemented for the reader's own needs. Ideal for graduate students studying RF/microwave engineering, and researchers and engineers involved in circuit and system design for new communication platforms such as mm-wave 5G and beyond, high-throughput satellites in GSO, and future satellite constellations in MEO/LEO, as well as for automotive radars, security and biomedical mm-wave systems.
Helgoland
Named a Best Book of 2021 by the Financial Times and a Best Science Book of 2021 by The Guardian "Rovelli is a genius and an amazing communicator... This is the place where science comes to life." ―Neil Gaiman "One of the warmest, most elegant and most lucid interpreters to the laity of the dazzling enigmas of his discipline...[a] momentous book" ―John Banville, The Wall Street Journal A startling new look at quantum theory, from the New York Times bestselling author of Seven Brief Lessons on Physics, The Order of Time, and Anaximander. One of the world's most renowned theoretical physicists, Carlo Rovelli has entranced millions of readers with his singular perspective on the cosmos. In Helgoland, he examines the enduring enigma of quantum theory. The quantum world Rovelli describes is as beautiful as it is unnerving. Helgoland is a treeless island in the North Sea where the twenty-three-year-old Werner Heisenberg made the crucial breakthrough for the creation of quantum mechanics, setting off a century of scientific revolution. Full of alarming ideas (ghost waves, distant objects that seem to be magically connected, cats that appear both dead and alive), quantum physics has led to countless discoveries and technological advancements. Today our understanding of the world is based on this theory, yet it is still profoundly mysterious. As scientists and philosophers continue to fiercely debate the meaning of the theory, Rovelli argues that its most unsettling contradictions can be explained by seeing the world as fundamentally made of relationships rather than substances. We and everything around us exist only in our interactions with one another. This bold idea suggests new directions for thinking about the structure of reality and even the nature of consciousness. Rovelli makes learning about quantum mechanics an almost psychedelic experience. Shifting our perspective once again, he takes us on a riveting journey through the universe so we can better comprehend our place in it.
Creation out of Love vs Creation out of Nihil
It is a book that leads to the understanding that Love is God. Love, the unconditional one, the immortal, the omnipotent creator, is what is meant by the God of the Gospel. He is an attractive, sacrificial, gravitational, auto-sufficient Mover Who moves everything and energizes every living creature. Love grants meaning to every life. Love is at the root of every spin and revolvement. He is the giver of life and reason for its existence. To the question scientists have always asked, " In which God do you want us to believe?" this book is THE ANSWER. The "Light" of the photons and of the Word is THE BRIDGE that links Science to Religion. Young's double-slit experiment, relativity and quantum physics joined efforts with the Syriac theology and made this truth unquestionable. Love is the causative cause, the intermediary one, and the final one of every existent creature. Love caused the creation to be, the Big Bang to happen, and, at the end, when Science supposes that all will disappear, this book preaches that the whole universe will be mystified in the Love Who created it.Meanwhile, let us be sure that we came to this existence out of Love; the nihil is but absurdity; we should live of the same Love until we get back to His realm. Apart from Love is hell. Its most perfect expressions are Fatherhood, Motherhood and Childhood, the Big Gift of Christmas.
The Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Providing a comprehensive exposition of the transactional interpretation (TI) of quantum mechanics, this book sheds new light on long-standing problems in quantum theory such as the physical meaning of the 'Born Rule' for the probabilities of measurement results, and demonstrates the ability of TI to solve the measurement problem of quantum mechanics. It provides robust refutations of various objections and challenges to TI, such as Maudlin's inconsistency challenge, and explicitly extends TI into the relativistic domain, providing new insight into the basic compatibility of TI with relativity and the meaning of 'virtual particles.' It breaks new ground in approaches to interpreting quantum theory and presents a compelling new ontological picture of quantum reality. This substantially revised and updated second edition is ideal for researchers and graduate students interested in the philosophy of physics and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.
Quantum Psychology and the Science of Happiness
"In 'Quantum Psychology and the Science of Happiness', theoretical physicist Amit Goswami brilliantly explain the great exploratory power of consciousness-based quantum science, and minutely describe its numerous implications for scientific disciplines such as neuroscience. Medicine, and psychology. Goswami also show how this new science can change our lives for the better. A must-read book." -Prof. Mari Beauregard, Ph.D. Neuroscientist, University of Arizona Author, Brain Wars and Expending RealityQuantum Psychology and The Science of Happiness... Explains how quantum physics helps us build a science of the human being with consciousness as the ground of being. Helps develop a science of your self-experience and shows how your free will and creativity works. Facilitates the understanding of a science of all of your experiences of external and internal objects for you to get a grip on the ecology and hygiene of your psyche. Helps us develop a genuine science of manifestation, specifically of the three I's of empowerment: Inspiration, Intention, and (creative) Insight. Empowers you to embark on a journey of personal growth and transformation towards positive mental health and emotional intelligence. Charts the transformational journey toward becoming an original, and to explore joy and happiness in the world in the form of what we call quantum enlightenment. If you venture to seek spiritual enlightenment of perfect happiness, we dedicate a chapter to that subject also. It is with great joy and reverence for your journey, that we share our collective experiences and efforts, and urge you to live quantum and be happy!
Discovering the Nature of Light: The Science and the Story
This book is a science text about light for the general reader; it is also an adventure story and a detective story revealing how the secrets of light were uncovered. Readers can share in the thrill of each discovery and learn about some of the myriad applications opened up by these fascinating discoveries, including the telescope, fiber optics, the laser, and even the recent optical detection of gravitational waves from space.With Professor Fortson, distinguished experimental physicist, as your tour guide, follow the journey from the 17th century -- when Descartes first calculated the size of the rainbow -- to the 20th century, when the quantum theory of light was born. Learn how Huygens, Newton, Planck, Einstein and many other great scientists solved one mystery after another, from the reason underlying the law of refraction to the puzzle of the photoelectric effect. The journey ends with the solution to the most challenging mystery of all: that light is both a wave and a particle -- a fascinating finale.
Discovering the Nature of Light: The Science and the Story
This book is a science text about light for the general reader; it is also an adventure story and a detective story revealing how the secrets of light were uncovered. Readers can share in the thrill of each discovery and learn about some of the myriad applications opened up by these fascinating discoveries, including the telescope, fiber optics, the laser, and even the recent optical detection of gravitational waves from space.With Professor Fortson, distinguished experimental physicist, as your tour guide, follow the journey from the 17th century -- when Descartes first calculated the size of the rainbow -- to the 20th century, when the quantum theory of light was born. Learn how Huygens, Newton, Planck, Einstein and many other great scientists solved one mystery after another, from the reason underlying the law of refraction to the puzzle of the photoelectric effect. The journey ends with the solution to the most challenging mystery of all: that light is both a wave and a particle -- a fascinating finale.
Free Space Laser Communication with Ambient Light Compensation
Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry
This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
Quantum Stochastic Thermodynamics
The theory of thermodynamics has been one of the bedrocks of 19th-century physics, and thermodynamic problems have inspired Planck's quantum hypothesis. One hundred years later, in an era where we design increasingly sophisticated nanotechnologies, researchers in quantum physics have been 'returning to their roots', attempting to reconcile modern nanoscale devices with the theory of thermodynamics. This textbook explains how it is possible to unify the two opposite pictures of microscopic quantum physics and macroscopic thermodynamics in one consistent framework, proving that the ancient theory of thermodynamics still offers many remarkable insights into present-day problems. This textbook focuses on the microscopic derivation and understanding of key principles and concepts and their interrelation. The topics covered in this book include (quantum) stochastic processes, (quantum) master equations, local detailed balance, classical stochastic thermodynamics, (quantum) fluctuation theorems, strong coupling and non-Markovian effects, thermodynamic uncertainty relations, operational approaches, Maxwell's demon, and time-reversal symmetry, among other topics. The textbook also explores several practical applications of the theory in more detail, including single-molecule pulling experiments, quantum transport and thermoelectric effects in quantum dots, the micromaser, and related setups in quantum optics. The aim of this book is to inspire readers to investigate a plethora of modern nanoscale devices from a thermodynamic point of view, allowing them to address their dissipation, efficiency, reliability, and power based on a conceptually clear understanding about the microscopic origin of heat, entropy, and the second law. The book is accessible to graduate students, post-docs, and lecturers, but will also be of interest to all researchers striving for a deeper understanding of the laws of thermodynamics beyond their traditional realm of applicability.
Lectures On Elementary Particles and Quantum Field Theory, Volume 2
The conclusive volume of the Brandeis University Summer Institute lecture series of 1970 on theories of interacting elementary particles consisting of five sets of lectures. The five sets of lectures are as follows: Rudolph Haag (II. Institut fur Theoretische Physik der Universitat Hamburg) on Observables and Fields: introduction; axiomatic quantum field theory in various formulations; structure of superselection rules; charge quantum numbers; statistics; parastatistics.Maurice Jacob (CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research) on Regge Models and Duality: introduction; duality in a semi-local way; duality and unitary symmetry; dual models for meson-meson scattering; dual models for production process; from dual models to a dual theory.Henry Primakoff (University of Pennsylvania) on Weak Interactions: introduction; lepton conversation and the implications of a possible lepton non-conversation; first-order and second-order weak collision processes; abnormalities in the weak currents and how to discover them; conclusion.Michael C. Reed (Princeton University) on The GNS Construction--A Pedagogical Example: infinite tensor products of Hilbert spaces; the canonical anti-commutation relations; the example; the example--via the GNS construction.Bruno Zumino (CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research) on Effective Lagrangians and Broken Symmetries: Introduction; effective action and phenomenological fields; Ward identities and the effective action; Goldstone's theorem; non-linear realizations; massive Yang-Mills fields as phenomenological fields; broken scale invariance; the fifteen parameter conformal group and the Weyl transformations; conversion identities and trace identities; invariant actions; SU(3)xSU(3) and conformal invariance; strong gravitation; concluding remarks.
Condensed Matter Physics: A Very Short Introduction
There are many more states of matter than just solid, liquid, and gas. Examples include liquid crystal, magnet, glass, and superconductor. New states are continually, and unexpectedly, being discovered. Some states, such as superconductor, can act like Schr繹dinger's cat and exhibit the weirdness normally associated with the quantum theory of atoms, photons, and electrons. Condensed matter physics seeks to understand how states of matter and their distinct physical properties emerge from the atoms of which a material is composed. A system of many interacting parts can have properties that the parts do not have. Water is wet, but a single water molecule is not. Your brain is conscious, but a single neuron is not. Such emergent phenomena are central to condensed matter physics and also occur in many fields, from biology to computer science to sociology, leading to rich intellectual connections. When do quantitative differences become qualitative differences? Can simple models describe rich and complex behaviour? What is the relationship between the particular and the universal? How is the abstract related to the concrete? Condensed matter physics is all about these big questions. The materials in silicon chips, liquid crystal displays, and magnetic computer memories, may have transformed society, but understanding them has transformed how we think about complex systems. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Spectroscopic Techniques for Semiconductor Industry
The unique compendium presents special principles and techniques of spectroscopic measurements that are used in semiconductor manufacturing.Since industrial applications of spectroscopy are significantly different from those traditionally used in scientific laboratories, the design concepts and characteristics of industrial spectroscopic devices may vary significantly from conventional systems. These peculiarities are thus succinctly summarized in this volume for a wide audience of students, engineers, and scientific workers.Exceptionally well-illustrated with practical solutions in detail, this useful reference text will open new horizons in new research areas.
Quantum Computing for the Quantum Curious
This open access book makes quantum computing more accessible than ever before. A fast-growing field at the intersection of physics and computer science, quantum computing promises to have revolutionary capabilities far surpassing "classical" computation. Getting a grip on the science behind the hype can be tough: at its heart lies quantum mechanics, whose enigmatic concepts can be imposing for the novice. This classroom-tested textbook uses simple language, minimal math, and plenty of examples to explain the three key principles behind quantum computers: superposition, quantum measurement, and entanglement. It then goes on to explain how this quantum world opens up a whole new paradigm of computing. The book bridges the gap between popular science articles and advanced textbooks by making key ideas accessible with just high school physics as a prerequisite. Each unit is broken down into sections labelled by difficulty level, allowing the course to be tailored to the student's experience of math and abstract reasoning. Problem sets and simulation-based labs of various levels reinforce the concepts described in the text and give the reader hands-on experience running quantum programs. This book can thus be used at the high school level after the AP or IB exams, in an extracurricular club, or as an independent project resource to give students a taste of what quantum computing is really about. At the college level, it can be used as a supplementary text to enhance a variety of courses in science and computing, or as a self-study guide for students who want to get ahead. Additionally, readers in business, finance, or industry will find it a quick and useful primer on the science behind computing's future.
Modelling and Design of Nanostructured Optoelectronic Devices
Nanomaterials in Optoelectronics.- Introduction to Photovoltaic Devices.- Introduction to Photodetectors.- Waves and Electromagnetics.
Cartoon Physics
How can a graphic novel teach you to solve physics problems? By making the process more fun and more engaging for readers, this practical guide really works to help students tackle real problems in algebra-based college physics. Along the way, readers will also be equipped with useful problem-solving techniques and physical concepts. This problem-solving guide, developed by physicist/author Dr. Scott Calvin and engineer/artist Dr. Kirin Furst, is aimed at students in college-level general physics courses. Instead of just providing brief answers to sample questions or discussions of physics concepts without showing how to apply them to difficult problems, Cartoon Physics stresses how to approach problems, what to do if you get stuck, and techniques that can be applied broadly. Features: Detailed, step-by-step solutions for more than one hundred college-level exam problems Graphic novel (cartoon) format Formula sheet, units sheet, and technique-choice flowchart Task Tags indexing problems by technique (momentum, energy) no matter what chapter they appear in A t-rex on a trampoline!
Interplay of Quantum Mechanics and Nonlinearity
This book presents an in-depth study of the discrete nonlinear Schr繹dinger equation (DNLSE), with particular emphasis on spatially small systems that permit analytic solutions. In many quantum systems of contemporary interest, the DNLSE arises as a result of approximate descriptions despite the fundamental linearity of quantum mechanics. Such scenarios, exemplified by polaron physics and Bose-Einstein condensation, provide application areas for the theoretical tools developed in this text. The book begins with an introduction of the DNLSE illustrated with the dimer, development of fundamental analytic tools such as elliptic functions, and the resulting insights into experiment that they allow. Subsequently, the interplay of the initial quantum phase with nonlinearity is studied, leading to novel phenomena with observable implications in fields such as fluorescence depolarization of stick dimers, followed by analysis of more complex and/or larger systems. Specific examples analyzed in the book include the nondegenerate nonlinear dimer, nonlinear trapping, rotational polarons, and the nonadiabatic nonlinear dimer. Phenomena treated include strong carrier-phonon interactions and Bose-Einstein condensation. This book is aimed at researchers and advanced graduate students, with chapter summaries and problems to test the reader's understanding, along with an extensive bibliography. The book will be essential reading for researchers in condensed matter and low-temperature atomic physics, as well as any scientist who wants fascinating insights into the role of nonlinearity in quantum physics.
Invitation to Quantum Mechanics
How do atoms and electrons behave? Are they just like marbles, basketballs, suns, and planets, but smaller?They are not. Atoms and electrons behave in a fashion quite unlike the familiar marbles, basketballs, suns, and planets. This sophomore-level textbook delves into the counterintuitive, intricate, but ultimately fascinating world of quantum mechanics. Building both physical insight and mathematical technique, it opens up a new world to the discerning reader.After discussing experimental demonstrations showing that atoms behave differently from marbles, the book builds up the phenomena of the quantum world -- quantization, interference, and entanglement -- in the simplest possible system, the qubit. Once the phenomena are introduced, it builds mathematical machinery for describing them. It goes on to generalize those concepts and that machinery to more intricate systems. Special attention is paid to identical particles, the source of considerable student confusion. In the last chapter, students get a taste of what is not treated in the book and are invited to continue exploring quantum mechanics. Problems in the book test both conceptual and technical knowledge, and invite students to develop their own questions.
Invitation to Quantum Mechanics
How do atoms and electrons behave? Are they just like marbles, basketballs, suns, and planets, but smaller?They are not. Atoms and electrons behave in a fashion quite unlike the familiar marbles, basketballs, suns, and planets. This sophomore-level textbook delves into the counterintuitive, intricate, but ultimately fascinating world of quantum mechanics. Building both physical insight and mathematical technique, it opens up a new world to the discerning reader.After discussing experimental demonstrations showing that atoms behave differently from marbles, the book builds up the phenomena of the quantum world -- quantization, interference, and entanglement -- in the simplest possible system, the qubit. Once the phenomena are introduced, it builds mathematical machinery for describing them. It goes on to generalize those concepts and that machinery to more intricate systems. Special attention is paid to identical particles, the source of considerable student confusion. In the last chapter, students get a taste of what is not treated in the book and are invited to continue exploring quantum mechanics. Problems in the book test both conceptual and technical knowledge, and invite students to develop their own questions.
Quantum Reality
Quantum Reality: Theory and Philosophy, Second Edition cuts through much of the confusion to provide readers with an exploration of quantum theory that is as authoritatively comprehensive as it is intriguingly comprehensible.
Thermodynamics and Control of Open Quantum Systems
The control of open quantum systems and their associated quantum thermodynamic properties is a topic of growing importance in modern quantum physics and quantum chemistry research. This unique and self-contained book presents a unifying perspective of such open quantum systems, first describing the fundamental theory behind these formidably complex systems, before introducing the models and techniques that are employed to control their quantum thermodynamics processes. A detailed discussion of real quantum devices is also covered, including quantum heat engines and quantum refrigerators. The theory of open quantum systems is developed pedagogically, from first principles, and the book is accessible to graduate students and researchers working in atomic physics, quantum information, condensed matter physics, and quantum chemistry.
Quantum Optics and Quantum Computation
This course text studies the application of quantum mechanics to some of the most current and notable concepts in the area. Working through mathematically rigorous material using a clear and practical approach, it highlights the fundamental principles of quantum physics used to develop quantum computing. The result is a clear and accessible step by step explanation of Quantum Computing and Quantum Optics, appropriate for courses in these subjects, their students, and engineers.
Virtual and Real Labs for Introductory Physics II
This book serves as a textbook for the laboratory component to algebra-based and calculus-based Introductory Physics II. It provides virtual (simulation) lab replicating (in most cases) the real labs in optics, electricity, magnetism, and modern physics at the introductory level.
Basics and Applications in Quantum Optics
Quantum optics has received a lot of attention in recent decades due to the handiness and versatility of optical systems, which have been exploited both to study the foundations of quantum mechanics and for various applications. In this Special Issue, we collect some articles and a review focusing on some research activities that show the potential of quantum optics in the advancement of quantum technologies.
Optical Waveguides Analysis and Design
This book offers readers a comprehensive, detailed analysis and treatment of optical waveguides (fiber, slab), an essential component of ultra-high bandwidth long, medium and short-haul telecommunication. The author describes an analysis scheme for optical waveguides that combines both geometricray optics and Maxwell's equations-based classical electrodynamics. This unique approach enables readers to develop an intuitive understanding of this topic, starting with macro properties, e.g., V parameter of an optical fiber, and progressively refining the analysis to individual modes of propagation through an optical waveguide. An exhaustive set of diagrams highlight the key features of an optical waveguide property, such as acceptance angle, meridional and skew rays in an optical fiber, or signal attenuation and dispersion in an optical waveguide. The author also provides a set of ready-to-use, ANSI C executables (for both Linux and Windows) that enable the reader to e.g, determine the allowed propagation modes (even, odd TETM) of a graded, step index optical fiber and a slab waveguide.Offers readers a single-source reference to the analysis and design of optical waveguides;Begins with macro-level analysis of the properties of optical waveguides and dives deeply into details in a step-by-step manner, enabling readers to develop an intuitive understanding;Includes C language executables, along with optical waveguide analysis and design examples to demonstrate their use in context.
Lectures on Quantum Mechanics and Attractors
This book gives a concise introduction to Quantum Mechanics with a systematic, coherent, and in-depth explanation of related mathematical methods from the scattering theory and the theory of Partial Differential Equations.The book is aimed at graduate and advanced undergraduate students in mathematics, physics, and chemistry, as well as at the readers specializing in quantum mechanics, theoretical physics and quantum chemistry, and applications to solid state physics, optics, superconductivity, and quantum and high-frequency electronic devices.The book utilizes elementary mathematical derivations. The presentation assumes only basic knowledge of the origin of Hamiltonian mechanics, Maxwell equations, calculus, Ordinary Differential Equations and basic PDEs. Key topics include the Schr繹dinger, Pauli, and Dirac equations, the corresponding conservation laws, spin, the hydrogen spectrum, and the Zeeman effect, scattering of light and particles, photoelectric effect, electron diffraction, and relations of quantum postulates with attractors of nonlinear Hamiltonian PDEs. Featuring problem sets and accompanied by extensive contemporary and historical references, this book could be used for the course on Quantum Mechanics and is also suitable for individual study.
A Quantum Computation Workbook
1 The Postulates of Quantum Mechanics.- 2 Virtual Realization of Quantum Computers.- 3 Quantum Computation: Overview.- 4 Quantum Algorithms: Introduction.- 5 Quantum Information: Introduction.- 6 Quantum Error Correction Codes: Introduction.- Appendix A Linear Algebra.- Appendix B Mathematica Application Q3.- References.
Quantum Buddhism
An extensive, detailed and definitive exploration and elucidation of the extraordinary meeting ground and interconnections between quantum physics and Buddhist philosophy.
Quantum Physics
Are you looking for a useful guide to help you understand the most interesting concepts of quantum physics, the law of attraction, and the theory of relativity? If yes, then keep reading.In this book, we've done our best to explain the most interesting and common concepts of quantum physics, to arm the reader with useful (and desirable) knowledge, whether you're reading for self-betterment, understanding, or bragging rights. If we do our job correctly, the reader will emerge with a newfound understanding of the workings of the universe and everything around us. Here's some of the information included in the book: - Quantum Origins of the Universe- Fundamentals of Quantum Physics- The Photoelectric Effect- How Is Radiation Absorbed?- The Role of Photons in Photoelectric- Photoelectric Effect: Einstein's Theory- Quantum Physics and the Law of Attraction- How Quantum Physics Affects You- What Is The Law Of Attraction? And How To Use It Effectively- AND MORE... Don't be put off by these huge words if this is your first time hearing them. This book is intended for persons who are new to this subject. Professor Pratt will lead you on a two-century journey to learn about the laws that govern the cosmos. Quantum physics may be simple, entertaining, and accessible to anybody. Are you all set? Today, let's take a deep dive into quantum physics!
