Time Integration Methods for Reactor Kinetics
The Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI), is a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that houses research and development results from projects funded by the DOE. The information is generally an article, technical document, conference paper or dissertation. This is one of those publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Measurements of Atomic Oxygen in a Shock Tube
The absorption of vacuum ultraviolet light by atomic oxygen has been measured in the Electric Arc-driven Shock Tube (EAST) Facility at NASA-Ames Research Center. This investigation demonstrates the instrumentation required to determine atomic oxygen concentrations from absorption measurements in impulse facilities. A shock wave dissociates molecular oxygen, producing a high temperature sample of atomic oxygen in the shock tube. A probe beam is generated with a Raman-shifted ArF excimer laser. By suitable tuning of the laser, absorption is measured over a range of wavelengths in the region of the atomic line at 130.49 nm. The line shape function is determined from measurements at atomic oxygen densities of 3x10(exp 17) and 9x10(exp 17) cm(exp -3). The broadening coefficient for resonance interactions is deduced from this data, and this value is in accord with available theoretical models.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Mossbauer Studies of the Transition Element Halides
The Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI), is a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that houses research and development results from projects funded by the DOE. The information is generally an article, technical document, conference paper or dissertation. This is one of those publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Cross Section Measurement of Charm Hyperons In 250 GeV p/K Nucleon Interactions
The Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI), is a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that houses research and development results from projects funded by the DOE. The information is generally an article, technical document, conference paper or dissertation. This is one of those publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Determination of the Parallaxes of Fifty Stars
"Determination of the Parallaxes of Fifty Stars" presents the results of astronomical observations and calculations to determine the distances of fifty stars using the parallax method. This meticulous work, originally published in 1910, contributes valuable data to the field of astrometry and provides insights into the scale and structure of the universe as it was understood at the time. The study involves precise measurements and mathematical analysis, showcasing the scientific rigor of early 20th-century astronomical research. This book is a key resource for historians of science, astronomers, and anyone interested in the development of our understanding of stellar distances. The careful methodology and detailed results offer a glimpse into the challenges and achievements of early parallax determination, which remains a cornerstone of modern astrophysics.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fourier Transform Photoelectron Diffraction and its Application to Molecular Orbitals and Surface Structure
The Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI), is a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that houses research and development results from projects funded by the DOE. The information is generally an article, technical document, conference paper or dissertation. This is one of those publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Practical Measurements in Radioactivity
Practical Measurements in Radioactivity, by Walter Makower, offers a detailed examination of the methods and techniques used to measure radioactivity in the early 20th century. This comprehensive guide provides practical insights into the instruments and procedures employed to quantify radioactive substances, making it an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and professionals in the field. The book covers a range of topics, including ionization methods, the use of electroscopes, and the determination of radioactive decay rates. Makower's work is characterized by its clear explanations and meticulous attention to detail, ensuring that readers gain a solid understanding of the principles underlying radioactivity measurements. While reflecting the scientific understanding of its time, this book remains a significant historical document, offering a glimpse into the pioneering efforts to understand and quantify the phenomenon of radioactivity. A crucial addition to any collection focusing on the history of science and technology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Compton Scatter Camera for Spectral Imaging of 0.5 to 3.0 MeV Gamma Rays
The Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI), is a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that houses research and development results from projects funded by the DOE. The information is generally an article, technical document, conference paper or dissertation. This is one of those publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
High-Frequency Stark Effect and its Application to Plasma Diagnostics
The Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI), is a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that houses research and development results from projects funded by the DOE. The information is generally an article, technical document, conference paper or dissertation. This is one of those publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Cross Polarization From Quadrupolar Nuclei
The Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI), is a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that houses research and development results from projects funded by the DOE. The information is generally an article, technical document, conference paper or dissertation. This is one of those publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Elementary Treatise on Heat
"An Elementary Treatise on Heat" by William Garnett, originally published in 1893, offers a comprehensive introduction to the principles of thermodynamics. This historically significant work provides detailed explanations of heat transfer, energy transformations, and the behavior of matter under varying thermal conditions. Garnett's clear and methodical approach makes this treatise an invaluable resource for students and enthusiasts seeking to understand the foundations of thermal physics. The book covers essential topics with precision, reflecting the scientific understanding of heat at the end of the 19th century. This edition retains the original text and illustrations, preserving its historical context and scientific rigor.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Elements of Astronomy;
"Elements of Astronomy" by Selim H. Peabody offers a comprehensive overview of astronomical principles suitable for students and general readers. Originally published in 1897, this book provides a detailed exploration of celestial bodies, the solar system, and the laws governing their movements. Peabody's work covers essential topics such as the use of telescopes, the nature of stars, and the measurement of astronomical distances. With clear explanations and diagrams, "Elements of Astronomy" serves as an invaluable resource for understanding the fundamentals of astronomy. This edition retains the original text and illustrations, offering both historical insights and a solid foundation in astronomical science.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Egyptian Planetary Texts
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication. 27 plates.
Planetary, Lunar and Solar Positions, 601 B.C. to A.D. 1, at Five-Day and Ten Day Intervals
The need for these tables became pressing when hundreds of astronomical cuneiform tables in the British Museum became available for study, partly through the copies made in the 1880s and 1890s. All these texts originally came from some archive in Babylon which was discovered by Arabs in the middle of the 19th century. Most of the texts were written from about 330 B.C. to the first century A.D. Many of the texts are fragments of the original clay tables which have broken. In many cases, a fragment contains only parts of a few legible lines. Much of the information is of an astronomical character. It is evident that for investigations of these tablets the possibility of rapid scanning of accurately dated planetary positions is of primary importance.
Arabic Version of Ptolemy's Planetary Hypotheses
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Velocity of Light
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Illustrations.
Survey of Islamic Astronomical Tables
The source material for the study of medieval oriental astronomy consists of Byzantine Greek, Sanscrit, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, and Turkish astronomical and astrological manuscripts. If one desires to build up a detailed picture of Islamic astronomy, one can choose material from these available manuscripts. Of these manuscripts it is possible to isolate a group of works, the "zijes". A "zij" consists of the numerical tables and accompanying explanation sufficient to measure time and to compute planetary and stellar positions, appearance, and eclipses. This paper is a survey of the number, distribution, contents, and relations between "zijes" written in Arabic or Persian during the period from the 8th through the 15th centuries. Illustrations. Oversize.
Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit (Series A, Vol. 4)
This fourth volume of the "Census" provides all available bibliographical info. concerning works in jyotihsastra & related fields & biographical info. concerning their authors. Jyotihsastra is traditionally divided into 3 skandhas or branches: hora or genethlialogy & other forms of horoscopic astrology, ganita or mathematics & mathematical astronomy, & samhita or divination. This volume contains articles on authors whose names being with labials (p, ph, b, bh, & m). These are preceded by material supplemental to vol. I, II, & III. This material consists of abbrev. of new periodicals & serials that have been consulted, a biblio. of books & articles that have been noticed since volume III went to press, & a list of additional catalogs that have been utilized.
Construction of Isobaric Charts for High Levels in the Earth's Atmosphere and Their Dynamic Significance
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ARC Spectrum of Iron
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Theoretical Issues on Systems Science
In "Theoretical Issues on Systems Science", we present theoretical issues including theoretical incompleteness, multiplicity, systems as networks and chaos, game theory, and meta-structures. Other less explored research topics include equivalence and tolerance in systems, pending systems, recurrence and self-reflexivity, remote synchronization, and the significance of using complex numbers in system models.The first group of papers addresses theoretical aspects, including 1) the role of noise in complex systems; 2) the potential of general systems theory to serve as a theory of everything; 3) the drawbacks of applying classical axiomatic deductive mathematical approaches to topics such as control evolution by rewriting DNA "instructions"; 4) the near non-existence of purely "theory-free" approaches and the balance between theoretical and empirical contributions; 5) the neglect in reductionism in that systems acquire properties and the assumption that multiple, variable interactions of complexity can be analytically "zipped"; and 6) tree-based methods for statistical learning, for which the author presents a systems theory-based framework to speed up discrete event system stochastic simulations.The second group of papers examines theoretical aspects within specific fields, including 1) human dynamics; 2) human cognition; 3) complex physiological processes; 4) medicine; 5) chemical organization theory; and 6) psychotherapy.
Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit (Series A, Vol. 5)
The fifth installment of a projected "Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit," which will provide all available bibliographical info. concerning works in Jyotihsastra & related fields & biographical info. concerning their authors. Jyotihsastra is traditionally divided into 3 skandhas or branches: hora or genethlialogy & other forms of horoscopic astrology, ganita or math. & mathematical astronomy, & samhita or divination. This vol. contains entries on authors whose names being with the Sanskrit semivowels (y, r, l, & v). This material is preceded by additional abbrev. of journals, additional biblio., & additional manuscript catalogs, as well as entries supplemental to those in vols. I-IV of Series A. No new material after Spring of 1992.
Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit (Series A, Vol. 3)
This installment of the "Census" provides all available biblio. info. concerning works in jyotihsastra & related fields & bio. info. concerning their authors. Jyotihsastra is traditionally divided into 3 skandhas or branches: hora or genethlialogy & other forms of horoscopic astrology, ganita or mathematics & mathematical astronomy, & samhita or divination. This vol. is devoted to those authors whose names begin with a cerebral (c, ch, j, & jh), a reflexive (t, th, d, & dh), or a dental (t, th, d dh, & n). Preceding the material relating to these authors is a section supplemental to vols. I & II. This section contains abbrev. of new periodicals & series that have been consulted, a biblio. of books & articles that have appeared or have been belatedly noticed since vol. II went to press, & a list of catalogs it has been possible to utilize. The rest of the vol. contains supplementary info. concerning 100 authors already noted in the two previous vols. & all the data currently available concerning almost 800 new authors. Reprinted 1992.
Planetary, Lunar, and Solar Positions, New and Full Moons, A.D. 1650-1805
These tables cover the period from the mid-17th to the 19th cent. when astronomical ephemerides were evolving most rapidly. These tables resemble those previously pub. by the APS: Tuckerman's "Planetary, Lunar, and Solar Positions, 601 B.C. to A.D. 1" and "A.D. 2 to A.D. 1649" and Goldstine's "New and Full Moon, 1001 B.C. to A.D. 1651." The tables contain features consistent with the almanacs and ephemerides pub. in this period: planetary positions are computed for 12 hours U.T. (noon); and the Julian day number is given for new and full moons. An analytical essay examines the theoretical and computational developments in almanac-making in the period that bridges between Kepler and Laplace.
Scent of Time. a Study of the Use of Fire and Incense for Time Measurement in Oriental Countries
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication. Over 40 illustrations.
Revolution in Measurement
Zupco presents the legacies of the Middle Ages to the pioneering reformers of the Scientific Revolution; the monumental impact of math, physics, chemistry, astronomy, & technology on modern metrology; the creations, struggles, & successes of the Metric System; & the intense battles between metrics & customary metrologies that have waged since the end of the 18th cent. Includes insights into the personalities involved in metrological events: scientists, technologists, bureaucrats, ministers, members of scientific soc., & shows the impact of scientific experimentation & social revolutions. Includes a comprehensive biblio. of European metrology & the sources relevant to the underpinnings for this period in weights & measures history. Illus.
Spectrum of Beta Lyrae
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication. Over 150 illustrations.
Mechanical Universe
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Planetary, Lunar, and Solar Positions, A.D. 2 to A.D. 1649, at Five-Day and Ten-Day Intervals
These tables for A.D. 2 to A.D. 1649 are an extension, with some improvements, of earlier ones for 601 B.C. to A.D. 1. As before, they give the geocentric positions (tropic celestial longitudes & latitudes, i.e. with respect to the mean equinox of date), in units of 0 degrees.01 for the Sun & planets, & 0 degrees.1 for the Moon, at 16h Universal Time - 4 P.M. Greenwich Civil Time - 7 P.M. local mean time of 45 degrees East longitude (Babylon), on the indicated dates, all in the Julian calendar, hence for Julian dates 5n + 1/6 for the Moon, Mercury, & Venus, & 1-n + 1/6 for the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, & Saturn. The same adaptation of the theories of Leverrier, Gaillot, & Hansen, with modified elements by Schoch, was used as before, except as noted below. The chief change has been to improve the positions of Jupiter & Saturn. Tables.
Sanskrit Astronomical Tables in the United States
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Solving the Planetary CO2 Problem
In this book, we highlight key dogmatic beliefs in mainstream physics that contradict well-established experimental results. Grounded in these facts, we reveal that a unification will come to electromagnetism, gravitation, and inertia after realizing that they are all phenomena of the same material fluid (not of the molecular matter but of the finer field-matter). This leads to a corrected, nonlinear, non-Maxwellian form of electromagnetism, unified with a non-Einsteinian approach to gravitation and inertia. The classical theories of Maxwell, of Newton, and even of Einstein's special relativity emerge as special cases or approximations after the true Navier-Stokes non-linear equations of the fieldmatter fluid. We also present the prediction that solar energy is continuously stored in the gravitational field and can be harnessed using methods similar to Nikola Tesla's inventions-technologies that remain largely misunderstood in academic physics. This approach opens a path to solving the CO₂ problem through access to constant, low-cost solar energy. It also suggests the potential for new electromagnetic propulsion systems, reminiscent of the alleged flying discs.
Spin Moir矇 Engineering and Emergent Electromagnetism in Topological Spin Crystals
Non-Coding RNA
Non-coding RNA, Volume 214 in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, highlights advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as An introduction to non-coding RNAs, Non-coding RNAs in Eutherians and Livestocks, Artificial intelligence and machine learning heuristics for discovery of ncRNAs in humans, Non-coding RNAs in Plants, Epigenetic and experimental approaches influencing ncRNAs, Noncoding RNAs in bacteria, Dissecting ncRNA pathways and omics integration, Structural prediction of potent ncRNAs, Artificial intelligence and machine learning heuristics for discovery of ncRNAs in humans, Tools and Databases for non-coding RNAs, and Physiogenomics and genetic landscape of ncRNAs.
Recurrence Plots and Their Quantifications: Methodological Breakthroughs and Interdisciplinary Discoveries
This book collects selected contributions from the 10th Recurrence Plot Symposium, held at the University of Tsukuba, Japan (August 28-30, 2023). It reflects on the achievements of the previous nine symposia while exploring future prospects of recurrence plots and their quantifications in combination with other key research strategies. The book provides a comprehensive bibliographic overview of the methodology, offering a solid foundation for both new and experienced researchers. It discusses the mathematical foundations of recurrence plots and recurrence microstates and links them to future directions, such as machine learning, highlighting the potential for innovative applications. The text also presents an alternative approach to representing recurrences, offering fresh perspectives on this well-established technique. Additionally, it explores the two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional chromosomal structures as dot maps, opening the door to unique chromosomal descriptions in terms of recurrence quantifiers. Numerous other contributed chapters highlight the active development of this method and its clever applications to real-world systems. The book is intended for researchers working in various fields such as physics, statistics, and mathematics, with its interdisciplinary applications also benefiting experts from psychology, physiology, geosciences, finance, and engineering.
Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus (Vol. I and II)
Presents 200 hitherto unpub. astronomical texts & horoscopes written in Greek on papyrus, which were excavated a century ago in the rubbish heaps of Oxyrhynchus, a district capital of Roman Egypt. Through these documents we obtain the first coherent picture of the range of astronomical activity, chiefly in the service of astrology, during the Roman Empire. The astronomy of this period turns out to have been much more varied than we previously thought, with Babylonian arithmetical methods of prediction coexisting with tables based on geometrical models of orbits. Editions of the texts are accomp. by facing translations & explanatory & philological commentaries. The intro. provides the first comprehensive treatment of astronomical papyri, explaining their contents & purpose, the underlying astronomical theories, & strategies for analyzing & dating them. Tables & graphs.
Glacial Isostatic Adjustment
This book aims at presenting a synthetic but self-contained theory of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA), firmly grounded on physics and mathematics. However, at the same time, it also describes various phenomenological aspects, making it appealing also to a broad audience of Earth scientists not having a technical background. The interest on GIA is motivated by the entangled processes involved, reflecting interactions between the solid Earth, the oceans, and the cryosphere. In the context of climate change, GIA has a special role. For example, ground or space-based geodetic methods aimed at observing the mass balance variations of the contemporary ice sheets require a GIA correction before they can be suitably interpreted. For these reasons, GIA modeling has seen a considerable development recently, with a growing attention by a broad audience of scientists in the fields of geophysics, geology, geodesy, and Earth system science.
The Science of Energy
The Science of Energy: Principles, Concepts, and Applications fills a crucial gap by exploring the science behind today's energy revolution and the environmental impacts of various energy sources.
Physics; Advanced Course
"Physics; Advanced Course" by George Frederick Barker offers a comprehensive exploration of physics as understood in the late 19th century. This textbook is designed for advanced students, delving into topics with a depth that reflects the scientific rigor of the era. Barker's work provides a valuable window into the historical development of physics education and the state of scientific knowledge at the time.Though techniques and scientific understanding have evolved, this volume retains significance for those interested in the history of science and the foundations of modern physics. It serves as a testament to the enduring quest for knowledge and the incremental advancements that have shaped our understanding of the physical world. This edition makes Barker's classic work accessible to a new generation of readers, preserving its historical and educational value.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Exercise Physiology
This book provides a comprehensive exploration of exercise physiology, beginning with fundamental principles and progressing to advanced scientific concepts. It covers key topics such as energy systems, cardiovascular and respiratory function, muscle physiology, and hormonal responses to physical activity. The text bridges theory and application, offering insights into training adaptation, performance enhancement, and health promotion. Designed for students, researchers, and health professionals, the book emphasizes evidence-based knowledge and practical relevance, making it a valuable resource for understanding how the human body responds and adapts to exercise across different populations and conditions.
Distribution Iteration
The discrete ordinates method is widely used to solve the Boltzmann transport equation for neutral particle transport for many engineering applications. Source iteration is used to solve the discrete ordinates system of equations, but can be slow to converge in highly scattering problems. Synthetic acceleration techniques have been developed to address this shortcoming; however, recent research has shown synthetic acceleration to lose effectiveness or diverge for certain problems. LTC Wager introduced an alternative to source iteration and demonstrated it in slab geometry. Here the method is further developed, enhancing efficiency in various ways, and demonstrated in XY-geometry as well as slab geometry. It is shown to be efficient even for those problems for which diffusion-synthetic and transport-synthetic accelerations fail or are ineffective. The method has significant advantages for massively-parallel implementations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Multi-Dimensional Wave Front Sensing Algorithms for Embedded Tracking and Adaptive Optics Applications
Current tracking and adaptive optics techniques cannot compensate for fastmoving extended objects, which is important for ground-based telescopes providing space situational awareness. To fill this need, a vector-projection maximum-likelihood wave-front sensing algorithm development and testing follows for this application. A derivation and simplification of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound for wave-front sensing using a laser guide star bounds the performance of these systems and guides implementation of a vastly optimized maximum-likelihood search algorithm. A complete analysis of the bias, mean square error, and variance of the algorithm demonstrates exceptional performance of the new sensor. A proof of concept implementation shows feasibility of deployment in modern adaptive optics systems. The vector-projection maximum-likelihood sensor satisfies the need for tracking and wave-front sensing of extended objects using current adaptive optics hardware designs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Investigation of YAG
The properties of thin, cerium activated, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG: Ce), scintillating fiber-shaped crystals were investigated for particle tracking and calorimetric applications such as Compton imaging of Special Nuclear Material from remote platforms at standoff ranges. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are relatively new, efficient, single photon sensitive, solid-state photodiode arrays which are well suited for the readout of scintillating fibers. Using SiPMs, the scintillation decay time profiles of six 400 m YAG: Ce fiber crystals were measured under alpha and gamma irradiation. Interestingly, the observed decay times in the thin fibers were substantially slower than values for bulk single crystal YAG: Ce reported in open scientific literature; possible explanations are explored. Both laser induced photoluminescence and alpha scintillation measurements were conducted to estimate the effective attenuation length of the YAG: Ce fibers. Using the measured attenuation lengths, position-of-interaction measurements were conducted to determine the achievable position resolution in YAG: Ce fibers using dual fiber end SiPM readouts. The measured results are compared to theoretical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, improvements to the detector concept, including a formula to determine the best SiPM model based on device parameters and the Birks' figure of merit of the scintillating material, are presented.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Nuclear Forensics
Over the past decade, law enforcement, governmental and public agencies have been stymied by the threat of the trafficking of nuclear materials. During this time span, reports from the International Atomic Energy Agency of illicit trafficking have increased eightfold from 20 to 160. For this reason, nuclear forensics is a burgeoning science focused on the identification of seized special nuclear materials. Identification of these materials is based upon the wealth of information that can be obtained by applying multiple analytical and measurement technologies. All of the information gained from each sample can then be used to further characterize other samples culminating in the inclusion of all of the collected data into a central database. Information must be reported in a timely manner as actionable results need to be presented as quickly as possible if there is to be any attribution for trafficking of nuclear material. Identification parameters such as uranium content, isotopic composition, and levels of impurities can be measured simultaneously in an effort to completely characterize a sample. All of these measurements combined can offer information as to the source of the material and its intended use. Many of the current analytical techniques used in nuclear forensics require extensive sample preparation and offer minimal amounts of information about the sample. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is presented as a rapid analytical technique that provides many of these identification parameters with minimal sample preparation. TOF-SIMS spectra were collected on eight different standard reference materials covering a range of stoichiometries and levels of enrichment. Samples included UO2, UO3 and U3O8 stoichiometries ranging from slightly depleted (0.5% 235U) to highly enriched (90.0% 235U) uranium. Spectra were simulated in an effort to deconvolve composite peaks resulting from the protonation of cluster ions.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Computational Modeling of a Time-independent, Heterogeneous Reactor Core Using Simplified Discrete Ordinates Neutron Transport Techniques
A three-dimensional neutron transport based, heterogeneous reactor code (3D-TRAN) was developed to model simple uniform isotropic sources and isotropic fission sources. The code was developed using level symmetric angular quadrature sets and three spatial quadratures: the Diamond Difference (DD), Step, and Linear Characteristic (LC) methods. Each method was analyzed and compared for accuracy, rate of convergence, and stability. The LC method was found to be the most accurate method with a broader range of stability through heterogeneous absorbing regions than the DD method. The Step method always remains positive and stable, but converges very slowly to a specified answer in the limit as the mesh is refined.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Short and Independent Characteristic Methods for Discrete Ordinates Radiation Transport With 2D and 3D Regular Cartesian Meshes
Accurate, reliable, and robust discrete neutral particle radiation transport codes are needed in order to perform realistic 3D engineering calculations. Current neutron transport codes use low order spatial quadratures that are inaccurate unless a highly refined spatial mesh is used. In this work various higher order characteristic spatial quadratures are derived, implemented, and tested. Regular meshes of rectangular (2D) and of rectangular parallelepiped (boxoid) cells are supported. Short characteristic (linear characteristic [LC] and exponential characteristic [EC]) methods are compared with the corresponding independent characteristic (ILC and IEC) methods. The latter readily provide for plane-parallel implementation. All transport results were benchmarked against Monte Carlo calculations. The diamond difference (DD) method was also tested and compared to the characteristic spatial quadratures. IEC and EC were found to be robust, reliable, and accurate for thin, intermediate, and optically thick cells. LC was robust, reliable, and accurate for cells of thin to intermediate (approximately 2 mean free paths) optical thickness. ILC was not pursued in 3D due to its anticipated excessive computational cost. DD was unreliable (as expected) over the range of test problems. We conclude that IEC and EC are apt methods for a wide range of problems, and provide the ability to perform realistic engineering calculations on coarse cells given nonnegative group-to-group, ordinate-to-ordinate cross section data.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Improved Collision Modeling for Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Methods
In the Smoothed Accept/Reject (SAR) algorithm, the accept/reject criteria is altered from Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC): rather than a binary function of rejection or acceptance, collisions can be partially accepted with a linear weighting between zero and one. The partial acceptance is based on a band around the original accept/reject criteria defined as a percentage of the collision criteria, which is called . A relationship previously noted between Mach and is explored. Velocity distributions of the particles are examined for all algorithms and compared to experimental data to determine the effect of the SAR algorithm at a microscopic level. All of the comparisons to experiment show a Mach dependency that has previously been noted, and the dependency was defined for the normal shock simulations. DSMC does adequately simulate the nonequilibrium within the cells at a high Mach number through the shock, but SAR does. The SAR algorithm models the flowfield in the shock better than DSMC through a change in the collision rate and particle sampling methods, which allows for a more accurate simulation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Efficient and Accurate Computation of Non-Negative Anisotropic Group Scattering Cross Sections for Discrete Ordinates and Monte Carlo Radiaton Transport
A new method for approximating anisotropic, multi-group scatter cross sections for use in discretized and Monte Carlo multi-group neutron transport is presented. The new method eliminates unphysical artifacts such as negative group scatter cross sections and falsely positive cross sections. Additionally, when combined with the discrete elements angular quadrature method, the new cross sections eliminate the lack of angular support in the discrete ordinates quadrature method. The new method generates piecewise-average group-to-group scatter cross sections. The accuracy and efficiency for calculating the discrete elements cross sections has improved by many orders of magnitude compared to DelGrande and Mathews (7) previous implementation. The new cross sections have extended the discrete elements method to all neutron-producing representations in the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files (13). The new cross section method has been validated and tested with the cross section generation code, NJOY (13). Results of transport calculations using discrete elements, discrete ordinates, and Monte Carlo methods for two, one-dimensional slab geometry problems are compared.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Daytime Detection of Space Objects
Space Situational Awareness (SSA) requires repeated object updates for orbit accuracy. Detection of unknown objects is critical. A daytime model was developed that evaluated sun flares and assessed thermal emissions from space objects. Iridium satellites generate predictable sun glints. These were used as a model baseline for daytime detections. Flares and space object thermal emissions were examined for daytime detection. A variety of geometric, material and atmospheric characteristics affected this daytime detection capability. In a photon noise limited mode, simulated Iridium flares were detected. The peak Signalto- Noise Ratios (SNR) were 6.05e18, 9.63e5, and 1.65e7 for the nighttime, daytime and infrared flares respectively. The thermal emission of space objects at 353K, 900K and 1300K with 2 to 20 m2 emitting areas were evaluated. The peak emission was for the 20 m2 900K object with an SNR of 1.08e10.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
