Standard Methods In Physics And Electricity Criticised, And A Test For Electric Meters Proposed
A Commentary On The Systems Which Have Been Advanced For Explaining The Planetary Motions
180th Anniversary of Ludwig Boltzmann
Entropy is publishing a Special Issue to celebrate the 180th anniversary of Ludwig Boltzmann's birth, commemorating his foundational contributions to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. Boltzmann revolutionized physics by introducing statistical methods to describe molecular behavior, formulating the H-theorem, and establishing the profound link between entropy and probability. His work laid the groundwork for modern kinetic theory, transport phenomena, and equilibrium statistical mechanics, with far-reaching implications across physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and social sciences. This collection features high-quality research and review articles exploring Boltzmann's enduring influence, including advances in statistical physics, complex systems, and machine learning, as well as critical perspectives on the historical and theoretical evolution of the field. Contributions address fundamental theories and applied interdisciplinary topics, reflecting the broad impact of Boltzmann's ideas.
Study of Polypyrrole Gold Nanocomposite based Gas Sensor
This book focuses on the development of room-temperature operated gas sensors made of PPy composites for the detection of hazardous gases like ammonia, with potential applications in biomedicine and industry. A significant advancement in gas sensor technology is In-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using novel dopant and oxidant. The investigation also covers the fabrication of metal oxide and noble element nanoparticles, screen-printing thin films on interdigitated electrodes, and in-situ chemical polymerization as a means of forming nanocomposite formation. At room temperature, a number of characteristics of the sensors and photocatalysts are examined, including sensitivity, selectivity, and stability over time. Several techniques are employed in the characterization of the powdered nanocomposite, such as FTIR spectroscopy for the chemical composition of smaller particles, UV-Visible spectroscopy for band gap analysis, XRD for crystal structure determination, and SEM as well as TEM for structural and morphological analysis. A brief overview and several in-depth chapters on the use of poisonous gas sensors are provided in this book.
The Essential Einstein: Scientific Writings
The ultimate collection of Einstein's scientific writings on everything from statistical mechanics to general relativity The Essential Einstein: Scientific Writings presents Einstein's most important physics papers, spanning his groundbreaking contributions to statistical mechanics, quantum theory, and relativity as well as his ambitious yet ultimately unrealized attempts at a general unified field theory. This incisive collection contains works that profoundly influenced the trajectory of modern science. Each piece serves not only as a reflection of his intellectual rigor and creativity but also as a cornerstone of contemporary scientific thought. The Essential Einstein is a two-volume compendium offering general readers and specialists alike a comprehensive resource on the pivotal writings of Albert Einstein. Organized chronologically by leading authorities on Einstein and his work, this collection illuminates the evolution of Einstein's scientific and humanistic ideas throughout his life. Each selection is accompanied by explanatory notes that detail the work's background and significance. Together with The Essential Einstein: Public Writings, this authoritative collection invites a deeper engagement with the intellectual legacy and enduring influence of Albert Einstein.
Detection of Special Nuclear Material With High Purity Germanium and Mercuric Iodide Gamma Detectors
Reduced Computational Cost, Totally Symmetric Angular Quadrature Sets for Discrete Ordinates Radiation Transport
The Essential Einstein: Public Writings
The ultimate collection of Einstein's public writings on everything from religion and art to pacifism and the atomic bomb The Essential Einstein: Public Writings presents a rich selection of Einstein's humanistic writings drawn from a diverse array of materials he sanctioned for publication during his lifetime. Distinct from previous collections, this incisive book presents previously excerpted works in their entirety, including key articles, lectures, and speeches. These writings delve into significant topics such as philosophy, religion, and art, but also specific important and often contentious issues in education, politics, disarmament, pacifism, international cooperation, the atomic bomb, and Zionism. Among these works, readers will find the brilliant "Notes for an Autobiography" alongside selected popular science articles, which offer a profound understanding of Einstein's ethical and political worldview. The Essential Einstein is a two-volume compendium offering general readers and specialists alike a comprehensive resource on the pivotal writings of Albert Einstein. Organized chronologically by leading authorities on Einstein and his work, this collection illuminates the evolution of Einstein's scientific and humanistic ideas throughout his life. Each selection is accompanied by explanatory notes that detail the work's background and significance. Together with The Essential Einstein: Scientific Writings, this authoritative collection invites a deeper engagement with the intellectual legacy and enduring influence of Albert Einstein.
Statistical Mech Begin (2nd Ed)
This second edition of the popular textbook is intended for all undergraduate students in physics, with some background in thermodynamics. The basic intention of the author is maintained: to present a book for those studying statistical mechanics for the first time. The unique presentation starts off with the principles, elucidating the well-developed theory, and only thereafter the application of theory. Calculations on the main steps are detailed, leaving behind minimal gaps. The author emphasizes with theory the link between the macroscopic world (thermodynamics) and the microscopic world.The book begins with a study of three situations -- the closed system and the systems in thermal contact with a reservoir -- in order to formulate the important fundamentals: entropy from Boltzmann formula, partition function and grand partition function. Through the presentation of quantum statistics, Bose statistics and Fermi-Dirac statistics are established, including as a special case the classical situation of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. A series of examples follow: the harmonic oscillator, the polymer chain, the two-level system, bosons (photons, phonons, and the Bose-Einstein condensation) and fermions (electrons in metals and in semiconductors). The treatment of bosons and fermions is expanded with a detailed comparison of their thermal behaviors. A study on neutron stars, a pure fermion system, is now included. The concepts of distribution and fluctuations are also briefly discussed, and an important neglected problem is explained: the equivalence between the sum of a series and the value of the associated integral, teaching further insights on Bose-Einstein condensation. A compact historical note on influential scientists forms the concluding chapter.This book will serve as a vital resource for undergraduates taking their first foray into statistical mechanics, setting a strong foundation for more advanced topics in their studies.
Geometric Mechanics (Part III)
Geometric Mechanics: Part III is a textbook presented in a lecture notes format, providing precise definitions and practical examples across a series of 31 lectures which have been developed from the author's extensive experience of teaching and research. Geometric mechanics is an incredibly rich field of study: beyond its mathematical depth and beauty, geometric mechanics provides a robust framework for exploring the geometric structures underpinning many dynamical systems crucial to physics.The first part introduces undergraduate mathematics and physics students to the applications of geometric mechanics in finite dimensional dynamical systems of ordinary differential equations. The second part covers the essential theory of manifolds and Lie groups to prepare senior undergraduates and graduate students for the modern applications of geometric mechanics. These applications are introduced in the third part, which delves into the geometric mechanics of partial differential equations that govern the dynamics of ideal continuum mechanics, including fluids and plasmas, at the cutting edge of current research.This textbook is designed to facilitate both course learning and individual study. With focused notes, numerous examples, and nearly 200 exercises, it serves as a valuable resource for postgraduate students, course instructors and researchers.
Tensors for Pedestrians
Tensor for Pedestrians is an accessible aid for physics and engineering undergraduates who seek a deeper understanding of tensors at an intuitive level. The book is intended as a self-study introduction to differential geometry, curvature, and Cartan moving frames. The subjects treated are planned to transit the student from the standard vector calculus taught in introductory courses towards modern differential geometry with its various applications. Presentation of the material is leisurely paced -- as befits pedestrian learners. Chapters are self contained and equations in the text are fully explained without obscure and annoying gaps. The book is richly supplemented by many examples and detailed problems and solutions at the end of each chapter. All in all, the book will enable a beginner or an intermediate learner to explore and appreciate the beauty of the fundamental concepts presented.
Intro Statis & Data Anal(4th Ed)
The tools of statistical analysis for experiments in modern physical applications are increasingly sophisticated and specific tools are needed to reliably extract results from complex data. This textbook thus presents a comprehensive treatment of the topic for the practicing physicist, focusing less on mathematical foundations but appealing to intuitive techniques with a large number of examples.This fourth edition is greatly expanded with new sub-topics not covered in standard textbooks. We begin with fundamental probability concepts and measurement errors, continuing to the indispensable Monte Carlo simulation. Likelihood and its underlying likelihood principle are explored, serving as bases for the sections on parameter inference and the treatment of distorted data. Topics like hypothesis testing, the statistics of weighted events, the elimination of nuisance parameters, and deconvolution are updated with new developments. Final chapters introduce other advanced techniques such as statistical learning and bootstrap sampling.Developed and greatly expanded from a graduate course at the University of Siegen, this book serves as an essential resource for all graduate students and researchers seeking a rigorous foundation in statistical methods for experimental physics, especially those in nuclear, particle and astrophysics.
From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic
Joel L Lebowitz (born 1930) is a leading figure in the field of statistical physics, whose career has spanned more than seven decades and whose work has left a lasting mark on the theoretical foundations of modern physics. He has held academic positions at Stevens Institute of Technology, Yeshiva University and Rutgers University, where he has served as a distinguished professor. Lebowitz is most known for his contributions to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and mathematical physics, particularly in the areas of thermodynamic limits, phase transitions, and the foundations of nonequilibrium ensembles.This volume presents the landmark articles that showcase the breadth and depth of Lebowitz's contributions to mathematical physics and statistical mechanics. Ranging from foundational work on nonequilibrium ensembles and quantum measurement to rigorous treatments of phase transitions, transport phenomena, and fluctuation theory, these papers document the development of major ideas in twentieth-century physics. Lebowitz's distinctive approach of combining physical insight with mathematical precision is highlighted clearly, including collaborations with Yakir Aharonov, Peter Gabriel Bergmann, Sheldon Goldstein, Elliott Lieb, Oliver Penrose, Yakov Sinai and Herbert Spohn. This book is both a historical record of scientific progress and a rich resource for active researchers and students in theoretical physics, especially those in statistical physics.
Intro Statis & Data Anal(4th Ed)
The tools of statistical analysis for experiments in modern physical applications are increasingly sophisticated and specific tools are needed to reliably extract results from complex data. This textbook thus presents a comprehensive treatment of the topic for the practicing physicist, focusing less on mathematical foundations but appealing to intuitive techniques with a large number of examples.This fourth edition is greatly expanded with new sub-topics not covered in standard textbooks. We begin with fundamental probability concepts and measurement errors, continuing to the indispensable Monte Carlo simulation. Likelihood and its underlying likelihood principle are explored, serving as bases for the sections on parameter inference and the treatment of distorted data. Topics like hypothesis testing, the statistics of weighted events, the elimination of nuisance parameters, and deconvolution are updated with new developments. Final chapters introduce other advanced techniques such as statistical learning and bootstrap sampling.Developed and greatly expanded from a graduate course at the University of Siegen, this book serves as an essential resource for all graduate students and researchers seeking a rigorous foundation in statistical methods for experimental physics, especially those in nuclear, particle and astrophysics.
Statistical Mech Begin (2nd Ed)
This second edition of the popular textbook is intended for all undergraduate students in physics, with some background in thermodynamics. The basic intention of the author is maintained: to present a book for those studying statistical mechanics for the first time. The unique presentation starts off with the principles, elucidating the well-developed theory, and only thereafter the application of theory. Calculations on the main steps are detailed, leaving behind minimal gaps. The author emphasizes with theory the link between the macroscopic world (thermodynamics) and the microscopic world.The book begins with a study of three situations -- the closed system and the systems in thermal contact with a reservoir -- in order to formulate the important fundamentals: entropy from Boltzmann formula, partition function and grand partition function. Through the presentation of quantum statistics, Bose statistics and Fermi-Dirac statistics are established, including as a special case the classical situation of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. A series of examples follow: the harmonic oscillator, the polymer chain, the two-level system, bosons (photons, phonons, and the Bose-Einstein condensation) and fermions (electrons in metals and in semiconductors). The treatment of bosons and fermions is expanded with a detailed comparison of their thermal behaviors. A study on neutron stars, a pure fermion system, is now included. The concepts of distribution and fluctuations are also briefly discussed, and an important neglected problem is explained: the equivalence between the sum of a series and the value of the associated integral, teaching further insights on Bose-Einstein condensation. A compact historical note on influential scientists forms the concluding chapter.This book will serve as a vital resource for undergraduates taking their first foray into statistical mechanics, setting a strong foundation for more advanced topics in their studies.
Physics Through Symmetries
Group Theory has been an essential tool of theoretical physics for about a century. During the early days of quantum theory, it was useful to formulate symmetries of systems and to solve for their spectra. Later it was found, in the standard model, that certain groups determine the fundamental interactions of elementary particle. It is not possible to understand modern theoretical physics without knowing group theory.This book is an introduction to group theoretical ideas that arising in classical or quantum mechanics as well as Gield theory. The emphasis is on concepts, although some calculations are done in detail. The intended audience is a graduate student who has already learned mechanics, quantum mechanics as well as some Gield theory (e.g., Maxwell equations in their relativistic form).Among the topics covered are the rotation group and its representations; group extensions and their relevance to spinors; the Lorentz group and relativistic wave equations; the gaussian unitary ensemble of random matrices; the quark model; the Peter-Weyl theorem for Ginite groups as well as compact Lie groups.There are hints that future physics will need symmetries that go beyond the idea of a group. An introduction to such 'quantum groups' is included as well.The book concludes with a study of a class of mechanical systems (Euler-Arnold) which include the rigid body and the ideal Gluids as examples. Some toy models that are one step away from being exactly solvable are studied as examples of chaos.
Mathematical Physics and Matrix Representations
This book expounds three kinds of matrices that are of physical interest, centering on physical examples. Stochastic matrices describe dynamical systems of many different types, involving (or not) phenomena like transience, dissipation, ergodicity, nonequilibrium and hypersensitivity to initial conditions. The main characteristic is growth by agglomeration, as in glass formation. Circulants are the building blocks of elementary Fourier analysis and provide a natural gateway quantum mechanics, noncommutative geometry and random walks, including some phenomenology like diffusion-advection equation and prey-predator chains.We also present two applications: chemical reaction and genetics. The last subject may seem specially out of place in 'Mathematical Physics'. Our excuse is that Mendelism and blood types are here presented by using just the same methods of the other chapters. Bell polynomials offer closed expressions for many formulas concerning Lie algebra invariants, differential geometry and real gases, and their matrices are instrumental in the study of chaotic mappings.
