Essentials of Semiconductor Device Physics
ESSENTIALS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE PHYSICS An introductory semiconductor device physics textbook that is accessible to readers without a background in statistical physics I wish this book had been available when I needed to make a Semiconductor class myself a few years ago [...] A very nice aspect is that some concepts (e.g. density of states) are explained in a way that I have not seen elsewhere. These types of unconventional approaches are very valuable for a teacher. (Bjorn Maes, University of Mons, Belgium) [...] the author offers an accessible description of statistical analysis and adopts it to explain the core properties of semiconductors. [...] [He] uses interesting metaphors and analogies to exemplify some of the most difficult notions, in an innovative and engaging way. (Andrea di Falco, University of St. Andrews, UK) The subject of this book is the physics of semiconductor devices, which is an important topic in engineering and physics because it forms the background for electronic and optoelectronic devices, including solar cells. The author aims to provide students and teachers with a concise text that focuses on semiconductor devices and covers the necessary background in statistical physics. This text introduces the key prerequisite knowledge in a simple, clear, and friendly manner. It distills the key concepts of semiconductor devices down to their essentials, enabling students to master this key subject in engineering, physics, and materials. The subject matter treated in this book is directly connected to the physics of p-n junctions and solar cells, which has become a topic of intense interest in the last decade. Sample topics covered within the text include: Chemical potential, Fermi level, Fermi-Dirac distribution, drift current and diffusion current. The physics of semiconductors, band theory and intuitive derivations of the concentration of charge carriers. The p-n junction, with qualitative analysis preceding the mathematical descriptions. A derivation of the current vs voltage relation in p-n junctions (Shockley equation). Important applications of p-n junctions, including solar cells The two main types of transistors: Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET) For students and instructors, it may be used as a primary textbook for an introductory semiconductor device physics course and is suitable for a course of approximately 30-50 hours. Scientists studying and researching semiconductor devices in general, and solar cells in particular, will also benefit from the clear and intuitive explanations found in this book.
Intermediate Dynamics
This advanced undergraduate physics textbook presents an accessible treatment of classical mechanics using plain language and clear examples. While comprehensive, the book can be tailored to a one-semester course. An early introduction of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms gives students an opportunity to utilize these important techniques in the easily visualized context of classical mechanics. The inclusion of 321 simple in-chapter exercises, 82 worked examples, 550 more challenging end-of-chapter problems, and 65 computational projects reinforce students' understanding of key physical concepts and give instructors freedom to choose from a wide variety of assessment and support materials. This new edition has been reorganized. Numerous sections were rewritten. New problems, a chapter on fluid dynamics, and brief optional studies of advanced topics such as general relativity and orbital mechanics have been incorporated. Online resources include a solutions manual for instructors, lecture slides, and a set of student-oriented video lectures.
Guide to the Umbral Calculus, a Different Mathematical Language
This book covers different aspects of umbral calculus and of its more recent developments. It discusses the technical details in depth, including its relevant applications. The book has therefore manyfold scopes to introduce a mathematical tool, not widespread known as it should be; to present a complete account of the relevant capabilities through the use of different examples of applications; to provide a formal bridge between different fields of research in pure and applied.
Geomathematics
Geomathematics provides a comprehensive summary of the mathematical principles behind key topics in geophysics and geodesy, covering the foundations of gravimetry, geomagnetics and seismology. Theorems and their proofs explain why physical realities in geoscience are the logical mathematical consequences of basic laws. The book also derives and analyzes the theory and numerical aspects of established systems of basis functions; and presents an algorithm for combining different types of trial functions. Topics cover inverse problems and their regularization, the Laplace/Poisson equation, boundary-value problems, foundations of potential theory, the Poisson integral formula, spherical harmonics, Legendre polynomials and functions, radial basis functions, the Biot-Savart law, decomposition theorems (orthogonal, Helmholtz, and Mie), basics of continuum mechanics, conservation laws, modelling of seismic waves, the Cauchy-Navier equation, seismic rays, and travel-time tomography. Each chapter ends with review questions, with solutions for instructors available online, providing a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers.
Radiation Heat Transfer Modelling with Computational Fluid Dynamics
Radiation Heat Transfer Modelling with Computational Fluid Dynamics serves as a reference for principles of thermal radiation and its modelling in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. It covers computational techniques for solving the Radiative Transfer Equation and strengths and weaknesses thereof.
Stephen Hawking
This Series Will Tell The Amazing Stories Of Inspiring People Who Have Made A Difference And Changed The World, Despite The Odds Stacked Against Them.This Book Tells The Story Of Stephen Hawking, The Brilliant Scientist Who Made Great Contributions To The Study Of The Origin Of The Universe Despite Suffering From Motor Neurone Disease For Most Of His Life. Inside You Will Read About...Early Life And Terminal IllnessHawking Radiation And Black HolesThe Hawking FamilyA Gambling ManLate Life And DeathStephen Hawking Is Now Known As One Of The Greatest Scientists Since Einstein. The Key To His Achievements Is That He Never Gave Up, Despite The Odds Being Stacked Against Him. No Matter Who You Are Or What Your Current Life Circumstances, Everyone Can Learn Something From The Life Of Stephen Hawking.
Explaining Physics with the Help of Toys
The main task of the initial period of studying physics is inculcating the interest and enthusiasm of children in this subject. The root cause of all interest is surprise, and for children there is almost nothing more surprising than a new and unusual toy. There is a whole class of toys with unusual mechanisms, behaviour, or way of interacting with them. Having explained to the child the not quite ordinary, and often paradoxical, properties of such toys, we can gradually instil in him an interest in physics as one of the most important sciences about the nature of the surrounding world. The main purpose of the book is to arouse interest in the study of physics with the help of toys that everyone has loved since childhood.The book contains descriptions of the toys in which, with the help of explanations of the devices and principles of operation, the basic physical laws are revealed, together with perspectives of phenomena and patterns, practical significance, as well as historical information. The individual descriptions contain the minimum necessary mathematical calculations as well as information of environmental, statistical, and household orientations. All toys are systematized according to 4 chapters: Mechanics, Liquids and Gases, Electricity, and Optics.To a large extent, self-production of simple scientific toys can increase interest and enthusiasm in the process of teaching physics. To this end, the fifth chapter provides step-by-step instructions for making 14 such homemade toys from the most affordable materials using the simplest tools. The participation of teachers or parents in the process of making these toys by young children will undoubtedly provide positive emotions and establish trusting relationships.
Chernobyl
The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster Is One Of The Most Severe Accidents In Human History. The Radiation Released By This Catastrophe Caused Unbelievable Suffering To The Population That Once Resided There And Still Has Serious Consequences On The Environment Today. Nevertheless, The Exclusion Zone With Its Ghost Towns, Dilapidated Buildings, Wild Animals, And Invisible Radiation Still Exerts A Certain Fascination On Adventurers. You Will Find: The Real Dynamics Of The Accident;The Technical Aspects Of The Accident And Why It Occurred;The Government Declarations;The Wrong Emergency Response;The Evacuation Management;The Investigations;The Negative Consequences For The Area, Future, And World. This Book Is A Marvel Of Reporting And Humanity. The Insights Into Soviet Government Are Invaluable, And The Reveal Of The Costs And Impacts Of The Chernobyl Tragedy Are Beyond Striking. I Found This Book To Be An Excellent Balance Between Physical, Biological, And Social Sciences. Highly Recommended
Nuclear Renaissance
Nuclear power is low carbon and reliable, but in recent years it has struggled to play a strong role in global plans for electricity generation in the 21st century.
Resource Nationalism and Energy Policy
It is widely thought that state ownership of natural resources, oil and natural gas in particular, causes countries to fall under the sway of the "resource curse." In such cases, governments allegedly display "resource nationalism," which destabilizes the economy, society, and politics. In this book, David R. Mares dispels these beliefs and develops a powerful new account of the relationship between state resource ownership and energy policy. Mares examines variations in energy policy across a wide range of countries, underscoring the fact that in most of the world outside the United States, subsoil natural resources are owned by the state. He considers the history of Latin American oil and gas policies and provides an in-depth analysis of Venezuela from 1989 to 2016--before, during, and after the presidency of Hugo Ch獺vez. Mares demonstrates that the key factors that influence energy policy are the inclusiveness of the political system, the level of competitiveness within policy making, and the characteristics of individual leaders. Domestic politics, not state ownership, determines the effectiveness and efficiency of energy policies: the "resource curse" is avoidable. Drawing on these findings, Mares reconceptualizes resource nationalism, arguing that government intervention into resource extraction is legitimate as long as the benefits are shared through the provision of public goods. Featuring a sophisticated grasp of both Latin American politics and energy policy, this book sheds new light on why some governments are responsible stewards of natural resources while others appropriate national wealth for partisan or private benefit.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Smart Power Systems
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED SMART POWER SYSTEMS Authoritative resource describing artificial intelligence and advanced technologies in smart power systems with simulation examples and case studies Artificial Intelligence-based Smart Power Systems presents advanced technologies used in various aspects of smart power systems, especially grid-connected and industrial evolution. It covers many new topics such as distribution phasor measurement units, blockchain technologies for smart power systems, the application of deep learning and reinforced learning, and artificial intelligence techniques. The text also explores the potential consequences of artificial intelligence and advanced technologies in smart power systems in the forthcoming years. To enhance and reinforce learning, the editors include many learning resources throughout the text, including MATLAB, practical examples, and case studies. Artificial Intelligence-based Smart Power Systems includes specific information on topics such as: Modeling and analysis of smart power systems, covering steady state analysis, dynamic analysis, voltage stability, and more Recent advancement in power electronics for smart power systems, covering power electronic converters for renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and HVDC/FACTs Distribution Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) in smart power systems, covering the need for PMU in distribution and automation of system reconfigurations Power and energy management systems Engineering colleges and universities, along with industry research centers, can use the in-depth subject coverage and the extensive supplementary learning resources found in Artificial Intelligence-based Smart Power Systems to gain a holistic understanding of the subject and be able to harness that knowledge within a myriad of practical applications.
Introduction to the Physics and Psychophysics of Music
1 Music, Physics, and Psychophysics: An Interdisciplinary Approach.- 1.1 The intervening physical systems 1 / 1.2 Characteristic attributes of musical sounds 3 / 1.3 The time element in music 5 / 1.4 Physics and psychophysics 7 / 1.5 What is music? 11.- 2 Sound Vibrations, Pure Tones, and the Perception of Pitch.- 2.1 Motion and vibration 13 / 2.2 Simple harmonic motion 17 / 2.3 Acoustical vibrations and pure tone sensations 18 / 2.4 Superposition of pure tones: first-order beats and the critical band 25 / 2.5 Other first-order effects: combination tones and aural harmonics 33 / 2.6 Second-order effects: beats of mistuned consonances 37 / 2.7 Fundamental tracking 40 / 2.8 Auditory coding in the peripheral nervous system 44 / 2.9 Periodicity pitch and the role of the central nervous system 50.- 3 Sound Waves, Acoustical Energy, and the Perception of Loudness.- 3.1 Elastic waves, force, energy, and power 61 / 3.2 Propagation speed, wavelength, and acoustical power 65 / 3.3 Superposition of waves; standing waves 74 / 3.4 Intensity, sound intensity level, and loudness 78 / 3.5 The loudness perception mechanism and related processes 89.- 4 Generation of Musical Sounds, Complex Tones, and the Perception of Tone Quality.- 4.1 Standing waves in a string 93 / 4.2 Generation of complex standing vibrations in string instruments 98 / 4.3 Sound vibration spectra and resonance 106 / 4.4 Standing longitudinal waves in an idealized air column 115 / 4.5 Generation of complex standing vibrations in wind instruments 119 / 4.6 Sound spectra of wind instrument tones 126 / 4.7 Trapping and absorption of sound waves in a closed environment 128 / 4.8 Perception of pitch and timbre of musical tones 133 / 4.9 Identification of musical sounds 138.- 5 Superposition and Successions of Complex Tones and the Perception of Music.- 5.1 Superposition of complex tones 143 / 5.2 The sensation of musical consonance and dissonance 146 / 5.3 Building musical scales 153 / 5.4 The standard scale and the standard of pitch 158 / 5.5 Why are there musical scales and why do we experience musical sensations? 161 / 5.6 Specialization of speech and music processing in the cerebral hemispheres 165.- Appendix I Some Quantitative Aspects of the Bowing Mechanism.- Appendix II Some Quantitative Aspects of Recent Central Pitch Processor Models.- Appendix III Some Remarks on Teaching Physics and Psychophysics of Music.- References.
Chaotic DNA Dynamics
A general systems theory model predicts quasiperiodic Penrose tiling pattern for the nested coiled structure of the DNA molecule in the chromosome resulting in maximum packing efficiency and unified whole fuzzy logic network architecture with ordered two-way signal transmission between the coding and non-coding (junk DNA) regions.Junk DNA are not redundant. Modification of the DNA base sequence structure at any location may have significant noticeable effects on the function of the DNA molecule as a whole. This book helps us understand the cooperative existence of individual components for optimum performance of the system.
21st Century Nanoscience - A Handbook
This up-to-date reference is the most comprehensive summary of the field of nanoscience and its applications. It begins with fundamental properties at the nanoscale and then goes well beyond into the practical aspects of the design, synthesis, and use of nanomaterials in various industries.
College Physics Essentials
This new edition of College Physics Essentials provides a streamlined update of a major textbook for algebra-based physics. The first volume covers topics such as mechanics, heat, and thermodynamics. The second volume covers electricity, atomic, nuclear, and quantum physics. The authors provide emphasis on worked examples together with expanded problem sets that build from conceptual understanding to numerical solutions and real-world applications to increase reader engagement.Including over 900 images throughout the two volumes, this textbook is highly recommended for students seeking a basic understanding of key physics concepts and how to apply them to real problems.
Handbook of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics
This handbook provides a complete entr矇e to the field, from solid-state physics to materials chemistry, processing, devices, performance and reliability testing, and integrated systems development.
Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors
Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors cover the fundamentals and applications of a new class of fiber sensors. With contributions from leading academics in the area, this book covers the theory of plastic optical fiber sensors or (POFs), as well as applications in oil, gas, biotechnology, and energy fields.
College Physics Essentials, Eighth Edition
This new edition of College Physics Essentials provides a streamlined update of a major textbook for algebra-based physics. The first volume covers topics such as mechanics, heat, and thermodynamics. The second volume covers electricity, atomic, nuclear, and quantum physics. The authors provide emphasis on worked examples together with expanded problem sets that build from conceptual understanding to numerical solutions and real-world applications to increase reader engagement.Including over 900 images throughout the two volumes, this textbook is highly recommended for students seeking a basic understanding of key physics concepts and how to apply them to real problems.
Experimental Physics
This textbook provides the knowledge and skills needed for thorough understanding of the most important methods and ways of thinking in experimental physics. The reader learns to design, assemble, and debug apparatus, to use it to take meaningful data, and to think carefully about the story told by the data.
Advanced Simulation of Alternative Energy
Advanced Simulation of Alternative Energy is a sequel of the book of the same author printed by CRC Press and considers models of new, promising installations of renewable energy sources, as well as the new trends in this technical field.
Thermodynamics for Chemical Engineers
Thermodynamics for Chemical Engineers Learn the basics of thermodynamics in this complete and practice-oriented introduction for students of chemical engineering Thermodynamics is a vital branch of physics that focuses upon the interaction of heat, work, and temperature with energy, radiation, and matter. Thermodynamics can apply to a wide range of sciences, but is particularly important in chemical engineering, where the interconnection of heat and work with chemical reactions or physical changes of state are studied according to the laws of thermodynamics. Moreover, thermodynamics in chemical engineering focuses upon pure fluid and mixture properties, phase equilibrium, and chemical reactions within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Given that thermodynamics is an essential course of study in chemical and petroleum engineering, Thermodynamics for Chemical Engineers provides an important introduction to the subject that comprehensively covers the topic in an easily-digestible manner. Suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, the text introduces the basic concepts of thermodynamics thoroughly and concisely while providing practice-oriented examples and illustrations. Thus, the book helps students bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and basic experiments and measurement characteristics. Thermodynamics for Chemical Engineers readers will also find: Practice-oriented examples to help students connect the learned concepts to actual laboratory instruments and experiments A broad suite of illustrations throughout the text to help illuminate the information presented Authors with decades working in chemical engineering and teaching thermodynamics Thermodynamics for Chemical Engineers is the ideal resource not just for undergraduate and graduate students in chemical and petroleum engineering, but also for anyone looking for a basic guide to thermodynamics.
Extragalactic Astrophysics
This book is designed to be an advanced undergraduate or graduate level text book on Extragalactic astrophysics. The second edition contains over 50 pages of new and updated material, and questions have been added to the end of each chapter.
X-Rays and Their Applications
This book is intended to provide a treatment of the production, properties and applications of X-rays suitable for undergraduate courses in physics. It is hoped that parts of it, at least, will be useful to students on other courses in physics, materials science, metallurgy, chemistry, engineering, etc. at various levels. It is also hoped that parts of it will serve as an introduction to the subject of X-ray crystallography, and to this end the treatment of X-ray diffraction has been designed to show the relation between the simple approach and the more sophisticated treatments. During many years of teaching this subject to Degree, Diploma in Technology and Higher National Certificate students, I have been unable to find a single book which attempts to cover the whole of this field. This lack of a treatment of X-rays and their applications in one volume has prompted me to attempt to fill the gap and this present volume is the result. Obviously in writing such a book I have referred to many existing books and I acknowledge my indebtedness to the authors of all the books which I have used. I believe that all these books are included in the re- ferences at the ends of the chapters but if I have omitted any, then my apologies are offered to the authors concerned.
Molecules in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets
Coulomb Explosion Imaging of Small Clusters of Helium (Maxim Kunitski).- Mass Spectroscopy of Pure and Doped Droplets (Paul Scheier).- Infra-red Spectroscopy (Gary Douberly).- Electronic Spectroscopy (Alkwin Slenczka).- Spectroscopy of Biomolecules (Gert von Helden and Eike Mucha).- X-Ray Imaging of Droplets (Thomas M繹ller).- Structure of Biomolecules in Droplets (Wei Kong).- Alignment of Molecules in Helium Droplets (Henrik Stapelfeldt).- . Fabrication of Metal Clusters in Helium Droplets (Florian Lackner).- Ultrafast Dynamics in Droplets (Marcel Mudrich, and Frank Stienkemeier).- Appendix: Helium Droplet Tutorial (Jan Peter Toennies).
Topological Methods in Hydrodynamics
First published in 1998 this unique monograph treats topological, group-theoretic, and geometric problems of ideal hydrodynamics and magneto-hydrodynamics from a unified point of view.It describes the necessary preliminary notions both in hydrodynamics and pure mathematics with numerous examples and figures. This book, now accepted as one of the main references in the field, is accessible to graduates as well as pure and applied mathematicians working in hydrodynamics, Lie groups, dynamical systems, and differential geometry. The updated second edition also contains a survey of recent developments in this now-flourishing field of topological and geometric hydrodynamics.
Biomedical Applications
This book is dedicated to the discussion of several biomedical applications of the mechanical phenotyping of cells and tissues to specific disease models. The topical chapters on mechanics in disease are preceded by chapters describing cell and tissue structure and their relationship with the biomechanical properties, as well as by the description of dedicated sample preparation methods for the nano- and microscale mechanical measurements.
Thermodynamics chemistry
Introduction, Work and energy, Quantity of heat and internal energy, Chemical Calorimetry, Chemical Equilibrium and the reversible transformation, The principles of chemical statics, The phase rule, Multivariant systems, Trivariani systems, Quadrivariant systems, Monovariant systems, Multiple points or transformation points, Displacement of equilibrium, Bivariant systems. The indifferent point, Transition and eutexia, Mixed crystals. Isomorphous mixtures, Optical Antipodes, Metallic alloys, Critical states, Chemical mechanics of perfect Gases, Capillary actions and apparent false equilibria, Genuine false equilibria, Unequally heated spaces, Chemical dynamics and explosions, List of authors cited in this work,
The Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools
Introduction, Lack of organization among science teachers in secondary school, The place of physics in the highschool curriculum, What should constitute a year's course in physics for pupils fourteen or fifteen years of age, Teaching observation, The ralation of laboratory, Syllabus of topics for laboratory work
Elementary Mechanics of Solids and Fluids
Kinematics, The laws of motion, Work and energy, Motions of an extended body, Machines, Problems in statics, Gravitation, Elasticity, Hydrostatics, Capillarity, Units and their dimensions,
True Tales of Medical Physics
Since the discovery of the x-ray over 125 years ago, scientists and medical professionals alike have harnessed the power of the atom to heal and protect. This book brings together an all-star cast of high-profile and award-winning scholars, introducing the general readership to an often unnoticed yet societally vital profession - medical physics. This collection of personal short stories offers an informal, behind-the-scenes glimpse into the lives of these esteemed professionals, encapsulating their transformative "aha" moments within a whimsical hodgepodge of instructive and inspiring anecdotes. They even pass on words of wisdom discovered from their diverse experiences throughout the academic, clinical, and commercial worlds. The wealth of information packed into these vignettes runs the gamut from practical career advice to lighthearted tales of humorous misadventure, providing a tremendous overview of the breadth and depth of medical physics as a career and discipline while imparting sage advice that extends well beyond the field. In his Foreword to this book Rafael Grossi, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, provides his strong endorsement of the life-saving work carried out by medical physicists and the profession as a whole.From the general public to the budding student in search of career guidance, as well as young and seasoned practicing professionals, these thought-provoking, witty, and simply entertaining "untold stories" encourage the reader to reflect on and ponder the many enduring lessons born from unexpected life-turning events.
Spacex
Learn about commercial spaceflight's most successful startup in this fully updated book, which follows the extraordinary feats of engineering and human achievement that have placed SpaceX at the forefront of the launch industry and positioned it as the most likely candidate for transporting humans to Mars. This second edition emphasizes SpaceX's much-hyped manned mission to the Red Planet. With a plethora of new material gathered from 2013 to the present, the text offers the most up-to-date portrait of the maverick band of scientists and engineers producing some of the most spectacular aviation triumphs of the 21st century. Topics covered in this book include: all CRS flights, the challenges of developing retro-propulsion, and the pathway towards realizing the Falcon Heavy and BFR. In addition, the chapters describe SpaceX's emphasis on simplicity, low-cost, and reliability, and the methods the company employs to reduce its costs while speeding up decision-making and delivery. Detailing the Falcon 1, Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, the book shows how SpaceX is able to offer a full spectrum of light, medium, and heavy lift launch capabilities to its customers and how it is able to deliver spacecraft into any inclination and altitude, from low Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit to planetary missions. This book is the perfect go-to guide on SpaceX for anybody working or interested in the commercial space arena.
The Theory of Direct Dark Matter Detection
This book is a pedagogical guide on how to make computations in direct dark matter (DM) detection. The theory behind the calculation of direct detection cross sections and rates is presented, touching aspects related to elementary particle physics, hadronic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The book is structured in self-contained sections, covering several topics ranging from the scattering kinematics to the phenomenology of direct DM searches. It follows a model-independent approach, aiming at providing the readers with all that is needed to understand the theory and start their own analysis. Meant for graduate students and researchers with interests in particle physics and phenomenology, it is enriched with several worked examples from standard and non-standard particle DM models. Senior researchers working in different areas related to dark matter, like particle and nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, find in this booka useful and updated guide for reference.
Mathematical Methods for Engineers and Scientists 1
Part 1 of this popular graduate-level textbook focuses on mathematical methods involving complex analysis, determinants, and matrices, including updated and additional material covering conformal mapping. The second edition comes with extensive updates and additions, making them a more complete reference for graduate science and engineering students while imparting comfort and confidence in using advanced mathematical tools in both upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate courses.This set of student-centered textbooks presents topics such as complex analysis, matrix theory, vector and tensor analysis, Fourier analysis, integral transformations, and ordinary and partial differential equations in a discursive style that is clear, engaging, and easy to follow. Replete with pedagogical insights from an author with more than 30 years of experience in teaching applied mathematics, this indispensable set of books features numerous clearly stated and completely worked out examples together with carefully selected problems and answers that enhance students' understanding and analytical skills.
Monte Carlo N-Particle Simulations for Nuclear Detection and Safeguards
This open access book is a pedagogical, examples-based guide to using the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP(R)) code for nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation applications. The MCNP code, general-purpose software for particle transport simulations, is widely used in the field of nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation for numerous applications including detector design and calibration, and the study of scenarios such as measurement of fresh and spent fuel. This book fills a gap in the existing MCNP software literature by teaching MCNP software usage through detailed examples that were selected based on both student feedback and the real-world experience of the nuclear safeguards group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. MCNP input and output files are explained, and the technical details used in MCNP input file preparation are linked to the MCNP code manual. Benefiting from the authors' decades of experience in MCNP simulation, this book is essential reading for students, academic researchers, and practitioners whose work in nuclear physics or nuclear engineering is related to non-proliferation or nuclear safeguards. Each chapter comes with downloadable input files for the user to easily reproduce the examples in the text.
Molecules in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets
Coulomb Explosion Imaging of Small Clusters of Helium (Maxim Kunitski).- Mass Spectroscopy of Pure and Doped Droplets (Paul Scheier).- Infra-red Spectroscopy (Gary Douberly).- Electronic Spectroscopy (Alkwin Slenczka).- Spectroscopy of Biomolecules (Gert von Helden and Eike Mucha).- X-Ray Imaging of Droplets (Thomas M繹ller).- Structure of Biomolecules in Droplets (Wei Kong).- Alignment of Molecules in Helium Droplets (Henrik Stapelfeldt).- . Fabrication of Metal Clusters in Helium Droplets (Florian Lackner).- Ultrafast Dynamics in Droplets (Marcel Mudrich, and Frank Stienkemeier).- Appendix: Helium Droplet Tutorial (Jan Peter Toennies).
Monte Carlo N-Particle Simulations for Nuclear Detection and Safeguards
This open access book is a pedagogical, examples-based guide to using the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP(R)) code for nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation applications. The MCNP code, general-purpose software for particle transport simulations, is widely used in the field of nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation for numerous applications including detector design and calibration, and the study of scenarios such as measurement of fresh and spent fuel. This book fills a gap in the existing MCNP software literature by teaching MCNP software usage through detailed examples that were selected based on both student feedback and the real-world experience of the nuclear safeguards group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. MCNP input and output files are explained, and the technical details used in MCNP input file preparation are linked to the MCNP code manual. Benefiting from the authors' decades of experience in MCNP simulation, this book is essential reading for students, academic researchers, and practitioners whose work in nuclear physics or nuclear engineering is related to non-proliferation or nuclear safeguards. Each chapter comes with downloadable input files for the user to easily reproduce the examples in the text.
The Search for Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter
A host of astrophysical measurements suggest that most of the matter in the Universe is an invisible, nonluminous substance that physicists call "dark matter." Understanding the nature of dark matter is one of the greatest challenges of modern physics and is of paramount importance to our theories of cosmology and particle physics. This text explores one of the leading hypotheses to explain dark matter: that it consists of ultralight bosons forming an oscillating field that feebly interacts with light and matter. Many new experiments have emerged over the last decade to test this hypothesis, involving state-of-the-art microwave cavities, precision nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, dark matter "radios," and synchronized global networks of atomic clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers. The editors have gathered leading experts from around the world to present the theories motivating these searches, evidence about dark matter from astrophysics, and the diverse experimental techniques employed in searches for ultralight bosonic dark matter. The text provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to this blossoming field of research for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, or anyone new to the field, with tutorials and solved problems in every chapter. The multifaceted nature of the research - combining ideas and methods from atomic, molecular, and optical physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, electrical engineering, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology - makes this introductory approach attractive for beginning researchers as well as members of the broader scientific community. This is an open access book.
The Search for Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter
A host of astrophysical measurements suggest that most of the matter in the Universe is an invisible, nonluminous substance that physicists call "dark matter." Understanding the nature of dark matter is one of the greatest challenges of modern physics and is of paramount importance to our theories of cosmology and particle physics. This text explores one of the leading hypotheses to explain dark matter: that it consists of ultralight bosons forming an oscillating field that feebly interacts with light and matter. Many new experiments have emerged over the last decade to test this hypothesis, involving state-of-the-art microwave cavities, precision nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, dark matter "radios," and synchronized global networks of atomic clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers. The editors have gathered leading experts from around the world to present the theories motivating these searches, evidence about dark matter from astrophysics, and the diverse experimental techniques employed in searches for ultralight bosonic dark matter. The text provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to this blossoming field of research for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, or anyone new to the field, with tutorials and solved problems in every chapter. The multifaceted nature of the research - combining ideas and methods from atomic, molecular, and optical physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, electrical engineering, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology - makes this introductory approach attractive for beginning researchers as well as members of the broader scientific community. This is an open access book.
Information Dynamics
This wide-ranging book introduces information as a key concept not only in physics, from quantum mechanics to thermodynamics, but also in the neighboring sciences and in the humanities. The central part analyzes dynamical processes as manifestations of information flows between microscopic and macroscopic scales and between systems and their environment. Quantum mechanics is interpreted as a reconstruction of mechanics based on fundamental limitations of information processing on the smallest scales. These become particularly manifest in quantum chaos and in quantum computing. Covering subjects such as causality, prediction, undecidability, chaos, and quantum randomness, the book also provides an information-theoretical view of predictability. More than 180 illustrations visualize the concepts and arguments. The book takes inspiration from the author's graduate-level topical lecture but is also well suited for undergraduate studies and is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals.
D-Wave Superconductivity
This volume provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory of d-wave superconductivity, focused on d-wave pairing symmetry and its physical consequences in the superconducting state. It discusses the basic concepts and methodologies related to high-temperature superconductivity and compares experimental phenomena with theoretical predictions. After a brief introduction to the basic theory of superconductivity and several models for high-temperature superconductivity, this book presents detailed derivations and explanations for various single-particle and collective properties of d-wave superconductors that can be monitored experimentally, including thermodynamics, angular-resolved photo-emission, single-particle and Josephson tunnelling, impurity scattering, magnetic and superfluid responses, transport and optical properties and mixed states. Various universal behaviours of d-wave superconductors are highlighted. Aimed primarily at graduate students and research scientists in condensed matter and materials physics, this text enables readers to understand systematically the physical properties of high-temperature superconductors.
Computational Methods Using MATLAB(R)
This book provides an introduction to the computational methods commonly employed by physicists and engineers. The book discusses the details of the numerical algorithms involved and also provides MATLAB code for their implementation. The book is suitable for undergraduates in physics or engineering.
A Practical Guide to Seismic Reservoir Characterization
List of acronyms.- Acknowledgements.- Chapter 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2 The seismic method.- Chapter 3 Seismic acquisition essentials.- Chapter 4 Seismic pre-conditioning.- Chapter 5 Seismic well ties and wavelets.- Chapter 6 Interpreting seismic amplitudes.- Chapter 7 Predicting subsurface properties from seismic data.- Chapter 8 Rock properties prediction.- Chapter 9 The way forward.- References.
Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1
This open-access book empowers its readers to explore the acoustic world of animals. By listening to the sounds of nature, we can study animal behavior, distribution, and demographics; their habitat characteristics and needs; and the effects of noise. Sound recording is an efficient and affordable tool, independent of daylight and weather; and recorders may be left in place for many months at a time, continuously collecting data on animals and their environment. This book builds the skills and knowledge necessary to collect and interpret acoustic data from terrestrial and marine environments. Beginning with a history of sound recording, the chapters provide an overview of off-the-shelf recording equipment and analysis tools (including automated signal detectors and statistical methods); audiometric methods; acoustic terminology, quantities, and units; sound propagation in air and under water; soundscapes of terrestrial and marine habitats; animal acoustic and vibrational communication; echolocation; and the effects of noise. This book will be useful to students and researchers of animal ecology who wish to add acoustics to their toolbox, as well as to environmental managers in industry and government.
Data Analysis Techniques for Physical Scientists
A comprehensive guide to data analysis techniques for physical scientists, providing a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as seasoned researchers. The book begins with an extensive discussion of the foundational concepts and methods of probability and statistics under both the frequentist and Bayesian interpretations of probability. It next presents basic concepts and techniques used for measurements of particle production cross-sections, correlation functions, and particle identification. Much attention is devoted to notions of statistical and systematic errors, beginning with intuitive discussions and progressively introducing the more formal concepts of confidence intervals, credible range, and hypothesis testing. The book also includes an in-depth discussion of the methods used to unfold or correct data for instrumental effects associated with measurement and process noise as well as particle and event losses, before ending with a presentation of elementary Monte Carlo techniques.
Experimental Techniques in Modern High-Energy Physics
Introduction.- Basic Idea of Measurements in Particle Collisions.- Apparatus.- Statistics.- Detector Calibration.- Particle Identification.- Event Simulation.- Examples of Physics Analysis.
