Soil Salinity and Salt Resistance of Crop Plants
The book combines knowledge about salinity problems from soil science and plant science and presents an in-depth treatment of the current scientific findings to enable plant production on saline soils. It discusses soil parameters in the context of the development of plants with salt resistance as a multigenic trait. An integrated view helps to comprehend the complicated metabolic and biophysical aspects involved in salt resistance. Findings in recent years promise to promote salt resistance significantly. The possibility to cultivate plants on so far barren land is of utmost importance with regard to a fast-growing world population and an increasing need for food, feed, and regrowing resources under particular consideration of environmental protection.
Performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars as kharif crop
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important commercial vegetable bulb crops cultivated extensively in India and it belongs to family Alliaceae, having chromosome number 16 (2n = 2 x = 16). There is a critical gap in the supply of onions in the country from October to March and, as a result, the prices shoot up. A good harvest in kharif season can bridge the gap between demand and supply of onions during this dearth period. Further, production of onions during the kharif season offers a good alternative to farmers for obtaining higher returns. In view of the above aspects, the present investigation entitled, "Performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars as kharif crop under different dates of transplanting" was carried out. The present experiment resulted that 30 September transplanting was beneficial for getting higher yield and provided maximum profit to the growers Among the standardized varieties L-883 was found to be the best for kharif onion (Allium cepa L.) production especially in Lucknow condition of Central Uttar Pradesh.
Effect Of Maturity Levels And Spermine On Low Temperature Storage
The experiment comprised of harvesting papaya cv. Red Lady Taiwan at three different maturity stages (Colour break stage, 50% yellow and 75% yellow stage), dipping them in aqueous solutions of spermine (0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and storing them at ambient as well as 12+1oC temperature. Results indicated Based on above investigation, it can thus be inferred that for local markets papaya fruits of cultivar Red Lady Taiwan should be harvested when 50% of the skin turns yellow and dipped in 2.0 mM spermine. Fruits thus treated had a storability of 8 days under ambient conditions with the the best colour, flavour, texture and taste. For distant markets fruits should be harvested when 50 to 75% of the fruit skin turn yellow, treated with 2.0 mM spermine and stored at low temperature of 12 + 1oC. Fruits subjected to above treatments could be stored for 16 days and had higher TSS, sugars and palatability ratings.
Mycorrhizae
A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between a plant and a fungus, with the term originating from Ancient Greek words meaning 'fungus' and 'root'. The term mycorrhiza specifically highlights the fungus's role in the plant's root system and surrounding soil. Mycorrhizae are crucial for plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry. In a mycorrhizal relationship, the fungus takes over the root tissues of the host plant, either within the cells as seen in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or outside the cells as observed in ectomycorrhizal fungi. This relationship is typically beneficial for both the fungus and the plant. However, in certain species or under specific conditions, mycorrhizae may have a parasitic connection with the host plants. A mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between a plant and a fungus. The plant generates organic compounds through photosynthesis and shares them with the fungus in the form of sugars or lipids. In return, the fungus provides the plant with water and essential nutrients like phosphorus extracted from the soil. Mycorrhizas are present in the roots of vascular plants, but similar associations can also be found in bryophytes.
Breeding manual for commercial laying hens
This book is aimed at laying hen enthusiasts who have technical questions such as: which strains of hens to raise? How to build a henhouse? How to feed the hens? And what are the expected yields? We have chosen to divide the document into two main sections.In the first part, we look at the breeding of commercial laying hens, the characteristics of their housing, their nutrition, the main diseases and the sanitary prophylaxis that applies on a breeding farm.In the second part, we carried out a comparative study of the zootechnical performance of two strains of commercial laying hens (Lohmann Brown and Novogen Brown) from chick start-up to laying age. This second study was carried out on a PROLACAM farm in western Cameroon.
Variable Rate Spraying System for Orchard Trees
By optimising pesticide application based on real-time data, Variable Rate Pesticide Spraying Technologies offer a substantial development in agricultural practices. These devices measure things like crop health, pest presence, and environmental variables using sensors. Farmers can lower chemical usage, save expenses, and improve environmental sustainability by applying pesticides at varied rates to different parts of a field. Ground-based systems with sophisticated mapping capabilities, and software platforms for data analysis and decision-making are important elements of the spraying systems. This focused approach lowers the risk of chemical runoff and the emergence of pest resistance while simultaneously increasing the efficacy of pest management. By adopting these technologies, farmers can achieve a balance between productivity and environmental stewardship, ensuring healthier ecosystems and safer food production.
The Natural History of Blenheim's High Park
This book gives a detailed, lavishly illustrated and comprehensively researched description of the biodiversity and natural history of what is by several measures the most important site for ancient oaks in Europe. It draws together the expertise of more 60 specialists, about a third of whom are senior authors of the 19 chapters.
Therapeutic use of Pequi
This book presents the botany and possible therapeutic uses of Caryocar brasiliense, more popularly known as "pequi". It can be used as a medicine because of its numerous therapeutic effects, making it the target of great research and experimentation due to the richness of its nutrients and possible pharmacological actions. It is a typical species of the Brazilian cerrado, belonging to the genus Caryocar brasiliense of the Caryocaraceae family. Studies have shown a variety of pharmacological effects on various diseases. It is a fruit that can be found not only in the cerrado, but also in the southeast and northeast of the country. It plays an important role in generating jobs and family income for the agro-extractivist population. As such, anyone can come into contact with pequi at harvest time to benefit not only the family income, but also make use of the fruit for gastronomic and therapeutic purposes. Happy reading!
Physio-Morphological Evaluation of Promising Rice for Improved Yield
Rice is one the major crops in the agriculture world. India is the world's second largest producer of rice. Productivity of rice in India is less than 50% to that of china. Upland rice is cultivated in rainfed fields that are prepared and seeded when dry. The old rice varieties grown in the Marathwada region were tall in height and resistant to iron chlorosis, but in terms of quality parameters, they didn't meet consumer demand for long, slender grains and basmati type grain qualities like scent, intermediate amylose content, absence of white belt and softness when cooking. In this book, variations in physiological traits, yields and its attributes along with the study related to grain yield and morphological parameters are covered by using 12 different rice genotypes.
Chemical mutagenesis and genetic improvement of tropical plants
The application of chemical mutagens has proved highly successful. The use of these is an effective means of creating genetic variations resulting in new individuals with improved characteristics. The resulting characteristics can be morphological, physiological, molecular or biochemical. Thus, the induction of mutations from plant seeds using sodium azide (SA) is currently emerging as a significant alternative for the creation of interesting traits. In view of the satisfactory improvements observed in its use on other plants, and the limited literature on its impact on improving the phytochemical response of Abelmoschus esculentus, whose nutritional and medicinal importance no longer needs to be demonstrated, the present manuscript aims to make a twofold contribution. The first is a review of the effective use of AS, and the second is a practical study of trials to improve phytochemical attributes using this mutagen, on three varieties of okra grown in Cameroon.
Study of Biostimulants, and Their Effects on Crop Production
Biostimulants are one of the most important methods for improve productivity, growth and yield of plants as well as heavy metal detoxification, stimulate natural toxins, controlling pests and diseases and boost both water and nutrient efficiency. Amino acid has several benefits such increase nutrient assimilation, increase yield and yield components as well as increase photosynthesis processes and promote stress tolerance. Phenols may regulate and improve photosynthesis, oxidation-reduction process, physiological activities of plants, reduce the adverse impacts of toxic compounds, and improve anti-fungal activities of plants. Salicylic acid may have important roles in abiotic stresses such salinity, drought, cold, heavy metal and heat stresses, and it has been considered as an important environmentally-sound agent with tremendous economical benefits and rapid responses.
The Science of Weed
A witty, engaging, in-depth, and evidence-based look at how cannabis affects our brains.Pot, weed, ganja, chronic: whatever you call it, cannabis can profoundly affect the human body and brain. In The Science of Weed, renowned physician, psychiatric researcher, and Yale neuroscience professor Godfrey Pearlson offers a deep dive into the true facts of cannabis, covering everything from its botany and chemistry to its impacts on psychology and human behavior. Taking a neutral approach to the subject, Pearlson emphasizes evidence-based research to separate the reality from the hype about this complicated plant.Pearlson explores the origins of cannabis, its interactions with humans throughout history, and its medicinal applications. His clear explanations of the plant's chemical structure and composition, as well as the internal cannabinoid system of the human body, ensure readers gain a real understanding of the mechanisms behind a subjective high. Moving beyond its effects on humans, Pearlson discusses the plant's collective impact on economics and the health care system, demonstrating how scientific scrutiny can bring enlightened reason to the contentious debates surrounding the drug. By objectively explaining the science behind weed, this book provides a thorough education for anyone who wants to know how cannabis affects our brains and bodies. It allows for an unbiased consideration of public policy on legalization, and helps readers weigh risks and benefits to make their own decisions about using it.
Botanical Insecticides for the Control of(Alocypha bimaculata Jacoby)
The performance of botanical insecticides in controlling the leaf beetle (Alocypha bimaculata Jacoby) on the yield of the sesame crop (Sesamum indicum L.) in the soil and climatic conditions of the Mapupulo agronomic post. An experiment was conducted in the 2023/2024 campaign in the fields of the Mapupulo Agricultural Research Center (CIAM), which belongs to the Mozambique Agricultural Research Institute (IIAM). A Causalized Complete Block Design was used, consisting of 4 blocks and 5 treatments based on Margosa, Castor, Eucalyptus, Control and Tobacco.In terms of the efficiency of the botanical insecticides, the Tobacco extracts were observed to have the lowest rate of pest attack and herbivory in their plots, followed by the Margosa extracts, so that the control had the highest number of pests and damage. In the yield variable, the Tobacco extracts obtained an average of 1501.0 kg/ha and the Margosa extracts had an average of less than 992.5 kg/ha.
Moringa oleifera
The aim of this study was to obtain a natural coagulant from moringa seed powder and use it to treat water from rural cisterns. The moringa seeds used in the work were purchased in the municipality of Cajazeiras-PB. For the chemical composition of the seeds, proteins, lipids, ash and moisture were assessed at the Physical-Chemical Analyses Laboratory of the IFPB Sousa Campus. The moringa coagulant was obtained in an aqueous medium. The water used in the work came from cisterns built in the Santo Ant繫nio settlement, in the municipality of Cajazeiras - PB. The water used was analysed before and after treatment. The following parameters were analysed: pH, electrical conductivity, probable residue, CaCO3, NaCl and total alkalinity, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli. The seeds showed a high percentage of protein (34.22 per cent). The protein in moringa seeds is the most important compound in the water clarification process. All the chemical parameter analyses showed significant differences before and after treatment.
Plant extracts in the management of Meloidogyne
This book deals with the susceptibility of the bell pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.) to attacks by pests and diseases, which can cause losses in productivity ranging from partial damage to total destruction. Among the main biotic problems, phytonematoids have been found to directly interfere with the quality and productivity of the crop. The management of phytonematoids presents a series of inconveniences due to the high degree of polyphagism, parasitism and the diversity of host plants. Among the options known and applied for control, nematicides stand out, used on a large scale because they are highly efficient. However, these bring with them a series of economic losses. Due to the major problems already mentioned, the use of chemical products has been losing momentum for some years, especially among small and medium-sized producers in various countries. The work therefore presents results that demonstrate the efficiency of different plant extracts, forms of preparation and mode of application in the control of M. javanica applied via foliar spraying, addition to the soil and, combined (soil + aerial part) on the crop.
Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ofsp) Production in Nigeria
This comprehensive guide aims to equip farmers, agricultural extension workers, policymakers, and researchers with the knowledge and tools necessary to maximize the benefits of OFSP production and contribute to food security and economic development in Nigeria. The Comprehensive Guide also aims to be an all-encompassing resource for various stakeholders involved in the cultivation, management, and commercialization of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) in Nigeria. This guide will provide for households and commercial farmers hands-on knowledge on OFSP planting at home or on farm. It is easy to comprehend by anyone willing to plant OFSP at any time of the year and anywhere in the Nigeria. Household meal planners and rural processors can easily access information on the value addition, processing, and utilization of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes (OFSP) to enhance food and nutrition security, ultimately boosting their livelihoods.
Effect of plant density on maize cultivation
Maize is an important crop for the state of Santa Catarina due to the area planted and the production of grains and silage. Among the maize cultivars used in the state, open-pollinated varieties are of great importance to small farmers. The work was carried out at Epagri's Campos Novos experimental station during the 2005/06 harvest. The results showed that plant density had a significant effect on the number of days until male and female flowering, the interval of days between female flowering and physiological maturity, stalk diameter, number of expanded leaves, individual leaf area, total leaf area per plant, green leaf area per plant, relative senescent leaf area per plant, leaf area index, total phytomass, grain yield, number of grains m-簡, number of grains ear-繒, number of ears m-簡, number of ears plant-繒, weight of 1000 grains, phytomass of spontaneous plants and lodging and plant breakage. The optimum density for producing grains and phytomass for silage was approximately 57,000 plants ha-繒.
Innovations in Protein-rich Food
"Innovations in Protein-Rich Food: Defatted Sesame Flour Based Extrudates" explores the development and applications of defatted sesame flour in creating high-protein extrudate products. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of how defatted sesame flour can be used to enhance the nutritional profile and functional properties of extrudates. It highlights advancements in processing techniques, formulation strategies, and the impact on product quality. Readers will find detailed discussions on the benefits of using sesame flour, including its protein content, flavor, and textural properties. This guide is a valuable resource for researchers, product developers, and industry professionals interested in innovative approaches to protein-rich food products.
Preserving Quality
Storage Stability of Jaggery-Based Sesame Spread: A Comprehensive Study" delves into the scientific and practical aspects of preserving the quality of jaggery-based sesame spread over time. This book presents a thorough examination of the ingredients, formulation, and processing techniques involved, focusing specifically on how storage conditions impact the product's sensory, nutritional, and microbial stability. Through a series of experimental analyses, the study evaluates the effects of packaging materials, temperature variations, and shelf life on the texture, taste, and overall acceptability of the spread. It also explores potential improvements in formulation for enhancing product longevity, offering insights to researchers, food technologists, and industry professionals interested in traditional and nutritious food products. This comprehensive work contributes valuable knowledge to the field of food science, emphasizing the importance of combining traditional ingredients like jaggery and sesame with modern preservation techniques.
Sesame Spread
"Sesame Spread Techniques and Innovations in Preparation" is an essential resource for anyone interested in advancing their knowledge of sesame spread production. This book delves into both traditional methods and cutting-edge techniques for creating high-quality sesame spreads. It covers the intricacies of ingredient selection, preparation methods, and the latest innovations in processing technology. Readers will gain insights into optimizing texture, flavor, and stability, as well as the impact of various additives and processing conditions. With a focus on both practical applications and scientific principles, this guide is ideal for food industry professionals and culinary enthusiasts seeking to elevate their sesame spread creations.
Lactic acid From Agriculture Crop Residues
Utilization of renewable bioresources for the production of industrial products such as biofuels and biochemicals is one of the best alternative strategies for sustainable development. sugarcane crop residue (SCR) Banana crop residue (BCR) is one of such renewable substrates that are readily available widely. In the current work, the production of lactic acid (LA) from BCR by recently isolated Pediococcus pentosaceus HLV1 was studied. we found that lactic acid can be produced economically using locally available agriculture resources.
Structural analysis and floristic composition of a forest
The main objective of this research work was to analyze the floristic structure and composition of forest species, Puerto Almendra community, with emphasis on abundance, frequency, dominance and importance value index; complemented with the floristic complexity, horizontal and vertical structure of the evaluated forest species. In three (3) plots of 20 m x 100 m, a total of 152 trees were recorded, represented by 23 families, 43 genera and 64 species; the most representative families were: Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Sapotaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Annonaceae, reported 95 trees and represented 62.5%. The absolute and relative abundance, referred to quantify forest species, the most representative family Fabaceae, 6 genera, 10 species and 29 trees, Parkia velutina Benoist, 17 trees, totaled 52 trees, representing 34.21% of the total.
Ergonomic Assessment of Risk Factors in Vegetable Production System
Vegetable-producing operations are extremely labor intensive; throughout the activities, farm workers often adopt various postures such as bending, twisting, semi-bending, standing and sitting. which are directly associated with drudgery and occupational health problems. The present study was designed with the following objectives: to study the demographic and activity profile of farm workers engaged in a vegetable production system, postural analysis of farm workers involved in a vegetable production system, to identify the work-related health hazards experienced by the farmworkers during different types of work activity and to suggest the importance of correct postural techniques of doing work. The aim of integrating ergonomics with farm workers involved in the vegetable production system is to solve the issues and to increase worker productivity and efficiency.
Production Of Chilli Seedlings Through Grafting
Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) belongs to the family solanaceae having diploid species with 2n=2x=24 chromosomes. Chilli is originated in South America and in the seventeenth century it was introduced in India by Portuguese. Chilli is a herbaceous or semi woody annual plant with fruits vary in shape, size, colour and degree of pungency. Chilli cultivation has various limiting factors such as abiotic i.e. water stress, heavy rains, lodging due to weak root growth, salt concentration, chilling injury, high temperature and biotic i.e. soil born diseases, viruses, sucking pests and nematodes etc. Also, there are challenges regarding production cost and marketing trends in India. These abiotic and biotic factors damages growth as well as production in chilli. To tackle these biotic and abiotic stresses, grafting in chilli can be the potential solution. Seedling production is an important step in the graft production system because it influences the final result of the grafting. Potting media is a major factor that influences seed germination, seedling emergence, seedling growth and quality of seedlings in a nursery.
Introduction to Seed Plants
Long time exposure to teaching different Botanical science courses (Phycology, Bryopytes and Pteridophytes, Seed plants, Plant physiology and Plant Taxonomy) helped me to understand major problems related to students' learning outcomes in relation to available text books and reference materials. That in turn made me to look for approaches of solving the existing shortage of well-prepared reading materials according to the Nationally Harmonized Curriculum in areas of Botanical Sciences as well as Plant Taxonomy courses offered in Ethiopian higher learning academic institutions. Moreover, requests for text book (reading material) from my students during classroom lectures increasingly encouraged me to prepare up-to-date relevant course material that includes all course contents according to the course objectives and schedule. Moreover, it is very difficult to get such reference materials on local markets when in need. It is also difficult to buy online, whenever available, due to the expensive prices which are unaffordable or difficult other financial inconveniences.
Glimpses of Indian Medicinal Plants
This treasure book deals with the photographic plates of large number of medicinal plants citing with regards to the seasonal variations of India which are unparalleled. The flowering plant families are described in details. I believe this book will be useful for UG and PG students, young botanists, professional botanists, plant lovers, floriculturists, naturalists, as well as classical taxonomists to choose such a book for enrichment of their knowledge.
An Introduction to Plant Breeding
Plant breeding is a science of producing desired varieties by exploiting genetic structure of plant applying the principles of genetics, initial work was started quite earlier during initiation of agriculture but in the 19th the century. Gregor Mendel gave the principle of heredity since then major evolution have started in this field. In 20th century this laws were applied for the improvement of plants, through various methods characters such as; disease and insect resistance, heat and drought tolerance, high yield, adaptation are raised. One of the major applications of Plant breeding is it helps to fulfill global food security.This book contains information about the plant breeding, its methods, application, history, aim, objectives, hybridization methods, pollination methods etc. which helps us to manipulate genetic structure of plant or crops. Book carry vital information regarding certain important topics related to plant breeding and their easy understanding and to the point information is provided. This book has been illustrated with plant breeding topics which are covered with colored photographs, tables which are presented in new style and format.
Physiological changes in tomato seeds induced by osmopriming
Osmotic conditioning is a technique that can be used to increase the vigor and germination performance of seeds, as well as making the metabolism of the antioxidant system, nitrogen and carbohydrates more efficient. This results in seedlings with faster initial growth and greater tolerance to unfavorable soil and climate conditions. The sum of all the benefits of osmotic conditioning results in uniform crops with high productivity.
Rhizogenesis of tung (Aleurites fordii) cuttings
The tung (Aleurites fordii Hemsl) stands out for the high concentration of oil in the fruit (around 45 per cent). Tung oil stands out on the market for its high drying power, resistance and chemical stability, which is why it was widely used in China for preserving ship hulls, in the USA for preserving military equipment and currently by the furniture market. Tung needs 300 to 400 hours of cold to break dormancy and is currently grown in Rio Grande do Sul, a state with a climate similar to the far west of Santa Catarina. This has led to the need to assess the best way of propagating tung to suit the region's climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of woody, semi-woody and herbaceous tung cuttings submitted to different doses of indolbutyric acid. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse located in the experimental area of the University of Western Santa Catarina (UNOESC), situated in the town of Maravilha (SC). The experimental design was entirely randomised (DIC). In a 3x3 factorial design, with three doses (0%, 50% and 100% of indolbutyric acid (AIB)) and three types of cuttings.
Qualitative study of khoa produced in major khoaproducing areas
Khoa an important indigenous milk product, is used as a base material for avariety of sweets, such as burfi, peda, gulabjamun, milk cake, Kalakand, Kunda etc.Conventionally it is prepared by continuous boiling of milk in an open kettle untildesirable concentration (normally 65- 72 per cent total solids) and texture areachieved. According to one estimate about 5.5 per cent of total milk production isconverted into khoa (Banerjee, 1997), The manufacture of Khoa is largely in thehands of private traders (Halwais). They use highly primitive techniques essentiallybased on their experience. The scale of production is too small each batch comprisingof about 4 -5 liters of milk. The equipment used for manufacture of khoa is made upof iron or cast iron or mild steel. The conventional method used by halwais for themanufacture of khoa are through simple and cost effective, suffer from severalinherent limitations (Pal, 2000). In the present investigation it can be suggested thatthe good processing and handling practices as well as proper packaging and marketingof khoa can increase the shelf life of khoa. The various constrains faced by theproducers must be sorted out and mechanization of khoa.
Supplementation of Potassium on Pearlspot and Tomato in Aquaponics
Component ratio, determination of the optimum hydraulic loading rate (HLR), and potassium (K+) dosage are important factors for the best yield of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. ceraciformes) plant and pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis) in an aquaponic system. Considering the overall fish growth, health monitoring parameters, plant growth, and water quality parameters, the potassium (K+) dose of 80 mg l-1was found to be the most effective for tomato yield compared to other treatments. Experiments displayed that fish stocking density (0.86 kg m-3), Hydraulic Loading Rate (3.0 m day-1) and K+ dosage (80 mg l-1) showed a positive effect on Pearlspot and tomato crops.
Biological nitrogen fixation in sugarcane
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) has been widely studied and discussed in leguminous plants, to the point of discarding nitrogen fertilization in soybean crops (inoculated with Bradyrhizobium). However, little is known about the contribution of this N source to grasses, especially sugar cane. Sugarcane is of historical and economic importance to Brazil, which is currently the world's largest producer. With the aim of contributing to the development of knowledge about BNF in sugarcane, this book brings together various aspects of the process, from the use of inoculants and evaluation techniques to the effects of mineral nutrition on fixation.
Growth Hormones in Plants. Authorized English Translation of Die Wuchsstofftheorie Und Ihre Bedeutung F羹r Die Analyse Des Wachstums Und Der Wachstumsbewegungen Der Pflanzen
This authorized English translation of the influential German work by Peter Boysen-Jensen explores the role of hormones in plant growth and movement. The work was published in 1926 and is still considered a foundational text in the field of plant biology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Growth Hormones in Plants. Authorized English Translation of Die Wuchsstofftheorie Und Ihre Bedeutung F羹r Die Analyse Des Wachstums Und Der Wachstumsbewegungen Der Pflanzen
This authorized English translation of the influential German work by Peter Boysen-Jensen explores the role of hormones in plant growth and movement. The work was published in 1926 and is still considered a foundational text in the field of plant biology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Acidification of soils with the use of S and cattle manure in northern Minas Gerais
Unlike the techniques for raising soil pH, there are few agronomic alternatives for reducing the pH of alkalised soils in order to make them productive. Irrigation with water rich in calcium carbonates alkalises soils in the Brazilian semi-arid region, as the pH rises above the ideal range for cultivation (5.7 to 6.5) and this drastically reduces the availability of nutrients such as P, Fe, Mn, Zn, S, B and Cu. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of doses of elemental sulphur (S簞) and cattle manure in correcting the pH of alkalinised soils in the north of Minas Gerais. The doses tested were 0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 t/ha of S簞 combined with 0, 10, 15, 25 and 50 t/ha of cattle manure using the Double Square experimental matrix, and the characteristics assessed were active acidity (pH in water), total acidity (H+Al), electrical conductivity, Ca2+, Mg2+ at different dates.
Towards effective management of the invasive plant Senna obtufifolia
Invasive plants modify the composition and structure of ecosystems, leading to the disappearance of many native species. In West Africa, and particularly in Burkina Faso, Senna obtusifolia is one of these invasive plants whose invasion has led to a reduction in natural forage, which remains the main source of food for livestock. The overall aim of this study is to contribute to better management of pastoral areas through effective control of S. obtusifolia. It therefore aims to propose potential solutions to control the invasion of this species. To understand people's endogenous knowledge of S. obtusifolia, ethnobotanical surveys targeting 300 people were carried out in villages near pastoral areas. This was followed by phytosociological inventories and biomass assessments of herbaceous species.
Have a Good Trip
From a much-loved expert and popular science writer comes this straight-from-the-trenches report on how and why folks from all walks of life are using magic mushrooms to enhance their lives. Interest in psychedelic mushrooms has never been greater - or the science less definitive. Popular science writer and amateur mycologist Eugenia Bone reports on the state of psychedelics today, from microdosing to heroic trips, illustrating how "citizen science" and anecdotal accounts of the mushrooms' benefits are leading the new wave of scientific inquiry into psilocybin. With her signature blend of first-person narrative and scientific rigor, Bone breaks down just how the complicated cocktail of psychoactive compounds is thought to interact with our brain chemistry. She explains how mindset and setting can impact a trip - whether therapeutic, spiritual/mystical, or simply pleasure seeking - and vividly evokes the personalities and protocols that populate the tripping scene, from the renegade "'Noccers" of Washington who merrily disperse magic mushroom spores around Seattle, to the indigenous curanderas who conduct traditional ceremonies in remote Mexican villages. Throughout she shares her journey through the world of mushrooms, cultivating her own stash, grappling with personal challenges, and offering the insights she gleaned from her experiences. For both seasoned trippers and the merely mushroom curious, Have a Good Trip offers a balanced, entertaining, and provocative look at this rapidly evolving cultural phenomenon.
Local food production
Perennial agriculture and mining are Boundiali's main economic activities. Media coverage of the cotton bonanza obscures the policy of self-sufficiency in local food products. The marginalization of food-producing agriculture is therefore back in the spotlight, creating a strong demand for food in the study area. However, a socio-cultural organization has been set up by rural populations to supply the Boundiali urban market. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of local food production in supplying the Boundiali market. The results show that maize (37.85%), groundnuts (37.38%), rice (22.33%) and yams (1.87%) are the dominant foodstuffs offered by local producers at the Boundiali market. Chicken (36.19%), goat (8.25%), mutton (23.92%), beef (27.20%), pork (1.27%) and guinea fowl (3.17%) are the main food animal products in the study block.
Production and quality of mechanically pollinated tomatoes
The study of the practice of mechanical pollination in the production and quality of tomato fruit implies obtaining preliminary information in order to expand knowledge and enhance phytotechnical studies of this practice, since current information is limited and unspecific. Our proposal is based on a comparative study of the natural and mechanical pollination of three tomato varieties at different planting times in full sun.
Phytoremediation and ploughing in soils affected by salts
This book presents an alternative method used to recover soils with salt problems. Traditional methods take a great deal of time and financial resources, which in many cases do not pay off. With this in mind, we resorted to an alternative in the recovery of soils affected by salts, using (phyto)plants combined with agricultural gypsum in soil management to improve soils with salt problems. The study was conducted in an area previously identified as having saline-sodic soil in the S瓊o Gon癟alo Irrigated Perimeter, in the region of Sousa, Para穩ba, Brazil. We used the phytoremediation technique with saltgrass, chickweed and wild parsley, combined with agricultural gypsum. Grass-salt is of Asian origin, parsley and chickweed are native to the north-east of Brazil, found mainly in soils with low fertility and often degraded through weathering or inadequate human management. This book is aimed at professionals or students in the agricultural sciences, offering them a basis for further studies with this aim.
Productivity of melon fruit under osmopriming
Growing areas with intense evaporation, poor drainage and inadequate use of fertilizers have increased problems with salinity, causing damage to crop yields. The productivity and quality of Cantaloupe melon fruit was evaluated as a function of seed osmoconditioning and water salinity levels. The quality of the melon fruit was not altered by osmoconditioning the seed with NaCl.
Modeling tillering in a durum wheat crop Triticum durum L
Scientists have carried out research and experiments over the years in an attempt to improve durum wheat (Triticumdurum) production and achieve food self-sufficiency, considering it to be a staple food.In our experiment, we used four durum wheat (Triticumdurum) varieties most commonly used in the region of (sim矇to, oued el bared, amare 06, antalis). We carried out this experiment in the garden of the University of Skikda on August 20 1955, out of soil and under natural conditions. In our analysis, we carried out a comprehensive study to model the components of durum wheat (Triticumdurum), using nitrogen as the main element to compare results before and after the use of this substance.the results showed that the varieties responded linearly to this element and gave high results, particularly for the variety sim矇to, where we recorded a multiplication of components and therefore an increase in yield. We can therefore conclude that there is an increase in the number of components in the ear phase.
Microbiome and Plant Nutrition
The book titled "Microbiome and Plant Nutrition: A Roadmap Towards Sustainable Agriculture" is expected to direct many emerging research pathways needed at local and global levels for sustainable agricultural package and practices.
The effects of climate changes on soil, water and insect pests
Soil microorganisms are the foundation of all life on earth, so it's a vital question for everyone. If the microbes are out of whack, everything else will be too. But for farmers it's particularly crucial. Conventional agriculture, with its chemical inputs and soil degradation, already throws microorganisms and their ecosystems out of balance, with disastrous long-term effects on harvests. Climate change could massively exacerbate the problem. Exactly what that will look like is unclear. As weather and growing conditions change, could the bacteria and fungi that help plants take up nutrients, for example, shift in their balance with less-beneficial microbes? Could existing pathogens become more powerful? Could there even be a mass die-off? "Whatever happens, it probably won't be extreme," says Jennifer Martiny, a professor of ecology at UC Irvine who focuses on microbial diversity. "Microbes won't go extinct. They're very adaptable; they'll probably survive." But beyond that, says Martiny, while it's certain that microorganisms will be impacted, no one knows exactly how. "The composition of microbes will change with climate change.
Ethnobotany of 500+ Plants of Odisha
This book presents 501 plant species found in Odisha, along with their ethnobotanical values and socio-religious significance. It encompasses various uses such as food, fodder, medicine, timber, fuel, artifacts, rituals, and biofencing. The species are organized according to the APG III (2009) system of classification, providing updated information at the family level. While taxonomic aspects, including morphological and ecological characteristics, are briefly discussed, the book primarily aims to provide accessible information to a general audience, avoiding excessive technical details. Photograph of all plant species collected from their natural habitat is given. The intention is to inspire emerging naturalists, herbalists, and individuals interested in exploring the medicinal uses of biodiversity. The book recognizes the necessity of researching plant species, including their phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and therapeutic applications. It also highlights the economic advantages of harnessing medicinal plants. As a comprehensive resource, the book enables readers to understand the ethnobotanical values associated with plant species in Odisha.
Pepper Cultivation Handbook
Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) belongs to the group of the most important vegetable crops. Pepper fruits are characterized by high nutritional and taste values, which is due to the relatively large content and harmonious ratio of sugars, acids, vitamins and mineral substances. The content of vitamin C in the fresh fruit of the pepper is 3-4 times higher than that of the lemon (up to 400 mg/100g). Proteins are represented by 1.4%, nitrogen-free substances by 5.44%, cellulose by 1.8% and mineral substances by 0.69%. The pepper can be used in different ways, such as fresh, pickled, baked, frozen, as an addition to various dishes, and in the industry, as raw material for various types of processing. In the last few years, the need to favor the pepper production with higher standards in terms of food safety has become necessary. For the competitiveness of our products in the markets that we traditionally have, but also for the conquest of new markets in the European Union, it is necessary to introduce standards for safety food production.
Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Bamboos
The information included in this book will be useful to a large audience, belonging to both, academia (students, teachers and scientists) and the producing sector (farmers, forest management advisers and marketing companies) interested in the genetics, breeding, pathology, physiology, molecular genetics and genomics of bamboo.
Tests for seed analysis
Seed quality can be understood as a set of attributes, characteristics or components that determine the seed's performance in the field. In order to elucidate the different aspects of seed production, it is necessary to constantly update technologies. The use of high quality seeds with high production potential, tolerance to stresses, resistance to pathogens, physical, physiological and sanitary attributes, as well as seed processing and storage processes, stand out. The available bibliography needs information on the development and results of research into seed production. It is hoped that this publication will help to encourage studies on this subject. With this in mind, this book presents a study of scientific approaches to seed quality analysis.
