Botany for Everyone
In this book, you'll learn why some plants have cones, basic cone anatomy and function, the diversity in the four living phyla of gymnosperms, and about some of the most amazing plants on Earth, holding records in height, mass, and age. In the back of this book, the activity with an adult will show you how to make a pine cone bird feeder. The two-page glossary has definitions and IPA pronunciation guides for new terminology so you can feel confident when reading this book!
Climate Change and Global Food Security
The study focused on examining the state of global food security in the context of climate change. The study reviewed 165 previous references, of which 141 met the selection criteria, and revealed several impacts, including Higher temperatures changing agricultural areas and reducing meat, dairy, and seafood production. Changing rainfall patterns and droughts reduce productivity and lead to crop failure. Rising sea levels threaten coastal agriculture with saltwater intrusion. Storms and floods damage crops and disrupt food supply chains, exacerbating food insecurity. The socioeconomic impacts are also evident, leading to reduced agricultural productivity and higher food prices, weakening rural livelihoods, and contributing to migration and conflict. The study recommends, combining climate mitigation strategies with strategies for adapting agriculture to changing conditions, strengthening rural infrastructure, promoting smart farming techniques, and investing in modern machinery to enhance productivity and resource management, and developing agricultural insurance and social protection measures.
Assessment of Periwinkle Gathering/Marketing on Wellbeing of Women
The study investigated the effect of periwinkle gathering and marketing on women well-being in Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State. Five (5) research questions and two (2) hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive research design was applied for the study. The objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents in the study area; identify areas of periwinkle gathering and marketing;examine the socio-economic effect of periwinkle gathering and marketing on women; determine the effect of periwinkle gathering and marketing on women wellbeing; and identify the constraints faced by women in periwinkle gathering and marketing in the study area.The study recommended that, women who are not gainfully employed should identify one of the areas of periwinkle gathering and marketing to cushion the effect of unemployment in order to meet up economic demands. Also, Government should also make the areas where periwinkles are being gathered to be easily accessible and build market places where they can be easily marketed. Government should as well look into the challenges faced by women in periwinkle gathering and marketing in the study area.
Groundnut decorticator
Groundnut shelling is done either by hand shelling or by hand, pedal and power operated decorticators. Manual method of shelling, which is time consuming and tedious job. Whereas power operated decorticators have these facilities. The remaining components of the developed power operated groundnut decorticator, such as the concave sieve, cylinder, hopper, material receiving tray, blower, power transmission system and main frame were developed accordingly to specifications. For the performance evaluation of the developed power operated decorticator in terms of decorticating capacity, output capacity, decorticating efficiency, cleaning efficiency, percent broken kernels and percent unshelled pods, various speed of cylinder, concave clearance and types of blades were used. In rubber coated blade, decorticating efficiency and cleaning efficiency were determined for concave clearances of 15, 20, and 25 mm, 96.2 %, 97.2 %, 94.8 % and 91.41 %, 95.27 %, 96.09 %, respectively. Decorticating capacity and percent of broken kernels were determined for clearances of 15, 20, and 25 mm, 95.23 %, 86.25 %, 78.94 % and 11.84 %, 9.11 %, 7.95 %, respectively.
The Cell
Plant cells are the fundamental building blocks of life on Earth, providing the basis for the incredible diversity of plant species that inhabit our planet. These tiny, yet powerful, structures are responsible for the miraculous processes of photosynthesis, growth, and adaptation that enable plants to thrive in a wide range of environments. From the towering trees of the forest to the delicate petals of a flower, plant cells work tirelessly behind the scenes to support the complex web of life that sustains us all. In this exploration of plant cells, we will delve into the intricate details of their structure, function, and behavior, uncovering the secrets of these tiny marvels and gaining a deeper appreciation for the vital role they play in our world. Cell division is a highly regulated process involving complex molecular mechanisms. Cell division is essential for the development and maintenance of tissues and organs.
Adoption of Poultry Farming Technologies for Increased Production
The study examined poultry farming technologies for increased poultry production in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 150 respondents. Data were obtained through the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean. The study on the adoption of poultry farming technologies in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, reveals that while technologies like watering systems, precision nutrition, and lighting control systems are available and known to farmers, their adoption is hindered by factors such as lack of technical expertise, limited access to finance, and erratic power supply. The study recommends increasing awareness, providing training and financial support, and improving infrastructure to enhance the adoption of these technologies for increased poultry production.
Ma簾triser l'Hypertension
This book explores in depth hypertension, a common and often silent medical condition. It begins with an overview of hypertension, highlighting its significant impact on cardiovascular health. The biological and physiological mechanisms of hypertension are detailed, highlighting the crucial role of the renin-angiotensin system and the vascular endothelium. The impact of diet is examined, with a focus on salt, saturated fats, fruit, vegetables and sweetened beverages. Lifestyle factors, including physical activity, stress management and smoking cessation, are also discussed for their influence on blood pressure. In conclusion, this book offers recommendations for the prevention and management of hypertension, encouraging healthy lifestyle habits and regular medical follow-up to improve overall cardiovascular health.
Technological development of noodles with nutritious flours
Brazil ranks third among the countries that consume the most pasta, and it is known that the ingredients in traditional pasta do not add important nutritional values to the diet. In view of the fact that Brazilians eat this type of pasta and the possibility of improving it nutritionally, the technical and economic viability of using mixed flours in food has been demonstrated and used in the industry. The aim of this study was to make noodles using mixed green banana and ora-pro-nobis flours, characterise them nutritionally and apply the sous vide technique in order to improve their nutritional quality and increase their usual shelf life. Book written by the authors: Larissa C. dos Santos, Danielle Dantas, Adriane G. dos Santos Martinez Uribe, Nat獺lia Baraldi Cunha.
Cotton production and communication in Chad from 1928 to 2017
The cotton industry made its entry into Chad during the colonial period, and is a source of considerable economic and social development. Following the introduction of cotton cultivation, numerous ginning factories were set up in the southern part of the country, managed by the COTONFRAN company in accordance with the commercial convention established by cotton companies in Africa. In this way, cotton growing has been imposed by the administration on the local population, with the support of traditional chiefs for its expansion. The local people had difficulty adapting to the systems and methods of cultivation, forcing the colonial administration to follow them during the agricultural and commercial campaigns. Over the years, this crop has changed the rural world to a large extent through animal traction, motorization and the infrastructures enabling its expansion. In the structural context, the administration set up training and technical research centers to support cotton growers in the Sudanian zone.
Mod矇lisation de tallage chez une culture de bl矇 dur Triticum durum L.
Les scientifiques ont r矇alis矇 des recherches et des exp矇riences au fil des ann矇es pour tenter d'am矇liorer la production de bl矇 dur (Triticumdurum) et atteindre l'autosuffisance alimentaire, consid矇rant qu'il s'agit d'une alimentation de base.Dans notre exp矇rience, nous avons utilis矇 quatre vari矇t矇s de bl矇 dur (Triticumdurum) les plus couramment utilis矇es dans la r矇gion de (sim矇to, oued el bared, amare 06, antalis). Nous avons men矇 cette exp矇rience dans le jardin de l'universit矇 de le 20 ao羶t 1955 Skikda, hors sol et dans des conditions naturelles. Lors de notre analyse, nous avons r矇alis矇 une 矇tude compl癡te pour mod矇liser les composants du bl矇 dur (Triticumdurum), en utilisant l'azote comme 矇l矇ment principal pour comparer les r矇sultats avant et apr癡s l'utilisation de cette substance.Les r矇sultats ont montr矇 que les vari矇t矇s r矇pondaient de mani癡re lin矇aire ? cet 矇l矇ment et ont donn矇 des r矇sultats 矇lev矇s, en particulier pour la vari矇t矇 sim矇to, o羅 nous avons enregistr矇 une multiplication des composants et donc une augmentation du rendement. Nous pouvons donc conclure une augmentation du nombre de composants ? la phase des 矇pis.
Enhancing Vitamin A, Iron, and Protein Intake in Under-Five Children
Micronutrient deficiencies are a significant public health issue in Tanzania, particularly affecting children under five and pregnant women. Addressing malnutrition can be achieved through nutrition education and food-based strategies implemented from local to national levels. A study conducted in the Kagera region of Tanzania aimed to tackle these deficiencies by modifying local recipes and developing nutrient-rich foods, specifically targeting children under five years of age. The study successfully enriched popular dishes with enhanced levels of vitamin A, iron, and protein, meeting or exceeding recommended dietary allowances. Laboratory analyses and bioaccessibility tests were conducted to ensure the nutritional content and absorption. Additionally, sensory evaluations confirmed the acceptability of the modified recipes, indicating their potential to meet the nutritional needs of young children in Tanzania and similar communities across Africa.
Management of Insect Pests in Brinjal
In 'Management of insect pests in brinjal' investigations were carried out to study population dynamics of major insect pests of brinjal and their correlation with weather parameters, assessment of losses due to major insect pests, performance of Bt and NBt brinjal hybrids during kharif 2007- 2008 and 2008-209, biology and life fecundity tables of L. orbonalis under laboratory condition for three generations during 2008-2009 and validation of IPM modules with economics and CB ratio during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 The studies revealed predominance of aphids, whiteflies and brinjal shoot and fruit borer with significant and negative correlation with weather parameters. The major insect pests i.e. sucking pests and BSFB caused yield loss of 59.01 per cent. Brinjal shoot and fruit borer L. orbonalis occupied average life cycle of 34.45 days and exhibited rm of 0.106 female/female/day in three generations. All NBt, brinjal hybrids did not show significant variation in incidence of sucking pests. Fruit infestation recorded on number and weight basis was significantly lower in Bt brinjal hybrids.
Analyses of longitudinal climate data in cities in Minas Gerais
With the climate and its changes coming to the fore in recent decades, scientists around the world are trying to understand the nature of the changes that are likely to occur, as well as the possible impacts they could have on society in general. This book analyses the variations that have occurred over time in precipitation, dry and rainy periods, rainfall erosivity and veranicos in some cities in the state of Minas Gerais.
Sustainable management of key pests in Mexican lemons
Mexico is the leading producer of Mexican lemons in the world with an area of 120 thousand hectares, Michoac獺n has 75 thousand hectares, with a production of 900 thousand tons and an economic flow of MNX $ 2,595 billion pesos (SIAP, 2021). On the other hand, citrus trees are attacked by a large number of pests and diseases that affect their vigor, reduce their production, fruit quality and sometimes the loss of trees. These organisms attack various parts of the tree and the Asian citrus psyllid, scales, thrips and spider mites stand out for their importance (Miranda-Salcedo et al., 2020a). Currently, the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) 1908 (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the most important pest attacking citrus in Mexico. The insect is distributed throughout Mexico (L籀pez-Arroyo et al., 2008) and its importance lies in the fact that it is the vector of Huanglongbing (HLB) the most devastating citrus disease, which affects all citrus species and varieties (Bove, 2006; Bassanezi, 2012; Stansly, 2012).
Biodiesel production from cultured seaweeds
Macroalgae can be defined as a diverse and distantly related non-phylogenetic group of macroscopic aquatic eukaryotes belonging to Chlorophyta and Streptophyta (green algae), Rhodophyta (red algae), Phaeophyceae (brown algae) and Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae). In the sustainable production of biofuels, macroalgae have several potential advantages compared to terrestrial plants Macroalgae do not need agricultural land or freshwater to grow and the productivity of some macroalgal species or communities can be high being as high as that of the most productive land plants and tropical rainforests. The chemical compounds in macroalgae can be used in several applications in food, fodder or chemistry industry prior to using the remaining tissue for biofuel production. The use of macroalgae in the biofuel industry is still under development and even recent results on this topic are widely based on laboratory or meso-scale operations. This books provides information regarding to the feasibility of using the different macroalgae and their culture and compounds for biofuel production.
Vancouver's Plum and Cherry Blossoms
A photography journey through Vancouver's early flower-filled spring season, featuring the endearing plum and cherry blossoms Prunus species as they grace the city with profuse colours and scenic sights yearly in engaging delight.
Population decline and the rational breeding of Bombus bees
Among the main causes of the decline of bees are changes in land use, intensification of farming, deforestation, fires, the intense use of pesticides and climate change. Various studies around the world suggest that species of the genus Bombus are among those most affected by these environmental changes. There are six species identified in Brazil and among them, the species Bombus brevivillus has never been studied and there is very little information about it in the literature. The aim of this work is therefore to investigate whether large bees are in fact suffering a greater impact and whether there is a possibility of generating information about the native species B. brevivillus in order to breed it rationally as a way of contributing to its zootechnical exploitation and consequent conservation of the species. As Brazil does not have a historical series of bee collections (large entomological collections), we searched for data in Europe on the influences of environmental and climatic changes on large bees, and based on this information we worked with the native Brazilian species Bombus brevivillus.
Tillage and compaction implements for maize cultivation
As a result of the intensification of agriculture, whether under conventional sowing methods or with the use of no-till farming, there has been an increase in compacted areas. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of tillage implements and compaction levels on the physical attributes of a typical dystrophic yellow Argissolo with a sandy texture and its possible impact on the agronomic characteristics of maize. The treatments consisted of three soil preparation implements and four levels of compaction caused by tractor traffic. A randomised block experimental design was used in a sub-divided plot layout with four replications, with the soil preparation implements being placed in the plots and the compaction levels in the sub-plots. The following soil physical attributes were assessed in the 0.00 - 0.10; 0.10 - 0.20; 0.20 - 0.30 and 0.30 - 0.40 m layers: soil density (Ds), total porosity (Pt) and soil mechanical resistance to penetration (RP).
Line spacing and rice straw on yield of lentil in strip tillage system
Lentil is an important legume crop in Bangladesh for food, feed and cropping system. It has also immense contribution to soil fertility and agro-based industries. Despites of its necessity, there are many constraints in lentil production in southern region of Bangladesh. Hence, growth and yield of lentil (Var. BARI Masur 7) were evaluated at two types of row spacing viz. 30 cm and 40 cm, and three types of stubble height of Transplant Aman rice viz. no stubble residue, 15 cm height and 30 cm height stubble residue under strip tillage system at Rahmatpur, Barishal, Bangladesh. Results reveal that treatment combination of 30 cm row spacing and 30 cm stubble height showed best performance in seed yield (1.36 t/ha), stover yield (1.56 t/ha) and harvest index (46.6%). The lowest incidence of foot rot (1.3 %) and stemphylium blight (1, scale: 0-5) diseases were observed in this treatment combination. In conclusion, treatment combination of 30 cm row spacing and 30 cm stubble height will be suitable one for increasing production of lentil at southern region, especially Barishal division of Bangladesh.
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Fish Sales in Aboabo Market, Tamale
This study was to explore the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on fish sales in the Aboabo Market in the Tamale Metropolis. The data were collected from 57 fish sellers who play their trade in the Aboabo market using multi-stage sampling. Paired T-test was use to analyse the earnings of fish sellers before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that 38.6, 35.1, 3.5 and 22.8% of respondent sold smoked-fish, fresh-fish, salted fish and frozen fish, respectively. The quantity of fish sold by majority (61.4%) of the fish sellers decreases during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. A majority (57.9%) of fish sellers had their earnings reduced during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to before thepandemic (47.4%). The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the quantity of fish sold and have reduced the income of fish sellers in the Tamale Metropolis. This could compound issues of food security and livelihood of the fish sellers. The study recommends Philanthropies and donor agencies to design a financial support for the fish sellers to cushion them to resist against future pandemic.
Food security in the Western Amazon
One of the highlights and impacts of this book is the implementation of a task force to characterise, register and improve rural extension, scientific research and the availability of agroecology and organic production technologies for families from specific population groups, made up of traditional peoples and communities of rural and urban origin. The productivist logic of maximum profit generates socio-environmental impacts that can be seen in deforestation, compromised agro-biodiversity and organic production. With the slogan Real Food in the Countryside and in the City: for rights and food sovereignty, the book aims to highlight the socio-cultural dimensions of food and nutritional security in order to bring food production and consumption closer together; to build bridges between the urban and the rural; to value agro-biodiversity and organic production, in natura and regional foods, respect for black and indigenous ancestry, Africanity and the traditions of all traditional peoples and communities, the rescue of the identities, memories and food cultures of the population of Territories of Citizenship in the Western Amazon, specifically in Rond繫nia.
Bushfire and Food Crops Production
Landforms are the bedrock upon which the sustenance of man depends. In Ghana, the greatest weight of the economy rests on agriculture, which ultimately depends on land. The northern savannah zone is particularly noted for crop production and livestock rearing. In the Wa West district of the Upper West region, about 59.2% of the people engage in farming as their major source of livelihood. Due to bushfire occurrences in the area, this basic source of livelihood for the people is seriously threatened as the land is fast-degrading and softly sinking the people into poverty. The study examines the effects of bushfires on food crop production in Wa West district. It further examines the causes of bushfires, the effects of bushfires, and measures to prevent the occurrence of bushfires.
Response of Pre-Released Grain Sorghum Genotype to Feretilizer Level
A field experiment entitled "Response of pre-released grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolar L. Moench) genotypes to different fertilizer levels" was undertaken during kharif, 2022-23 at Sorghum Research Station, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (Maharashtra). Results confirmed that the application of fertilizer plays a vital role in growth and yield of sorghum genotype. Genotype highly responsive to 150% RDF (120:60:60 NPK kg ha⁻繒) recorded higher growth attributes, yield attributes, grain yield, fodder yield, nutrient concentration and uptake, gross monetary and net monetary returns over 50 % and 0 % RDF. However, it was at par with 100% RDF. Hence application of 100 % RDF was found economically optimum and remunerative over rest of fertilizer levels.
Traditional Asian Medicine and Natural Components
Natural products have a wide range of diversity of multidimensional chemical structures which play a vital role which show the important nature as golden source for achieving the herbal drug discovery. Natural products have played a key role in drug discovery and development in modern days. Thymoquinone has a wide a range of beneficial pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, neuro-, cardio-, nephro- and hepatoprotective with tremendous immune-modulating property.
Nutri-Dense Noodles
Noodles incorporated with drumstick leaf powder and defatted soybean flour show a significant difference in cooking qualities and sensory attributes. The best cooking qualities and sensory attributes among the combinations tried, (73% refined wheat flour + 5% drumstick leaf powder, and 10% defatted soybean flour) were found to have better acceptance when compared to other combinations. The higher nutritional content and organoleptic attributes were found in this combination during the four months of storage. Use of 5% drumstick leaf powder, 10% defatted soybean flour, and other ingredients found to be better at increasing the nutrient density of the noodles.
Conservation Agriculture and Soil Microbial Diversity
In situ burning of crop residues being practiced by majority of farmers' in NW India deteriorates the soil and environmental quality. Fungi have the potential for lignocellulose degradation and can be used for the in-situ decomposition of crop residues. Fungal species viz., Aspergillus terreus, A. flavus, A. niger and Penicillium janthinellum were isolated and evaluated based on the activity of lignocellulolytic enzymes for crop residue degradation potential. A. flavus and A. terreus showed 30% degradation of residue after 10 days of incubation and these fungi did not show any side effect on wheat crop growth under field condition. Fungal diversity was found to increase with CA- based management practices, maximum sequences of phylum were in order of Ascomycota> Basidiomycota> Glomeromycota. However, Alternaria, Cercophora and Epicoccum were most abundant fungal genera. At phylum level, relative abundance of Ascomycota ranged from 55 to 74%, with the highest dominance recorded in CA based maize systems (maize-wheat-mungbean) and lowest with conventional rice-wheat, however at class level Sordariomycetes had the highest abundance followed by Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes.
From planting to harvest
In order to elucidate the different aspects of planting and harvesting, it is necessary to constantly update technologies. Therefore, a group of teachers and students from the Agronomic Engineering course at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul's Bag矇 Campus have joined forces to compile existing information on planting and harvesting the main crops of agronomic interest. It is hoped that this publication will help to encourage studies on this subject.
miRNAomics and Stress Management in Plants
Plants, being sessile, are negatively affected by the biotic and abiotic (environmental) stresses, reducing plant growth, productivity, and quality to a larger extent. Plants have evolved different physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms to combat these stress conditions to maintain their growth, development, and productivity. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the plant response to stress conditions is the foremost step in the development of stress-tolerant plants. One of the important adaptations to stress conditions is the precise and fine regulation of gene expression in both time and space. Although gene regulation occurs at different levels through different mechanisms, the most crucial is at the level of transcription. One of the important posttranscriptional gene regulatory mechanisms used by the plants to restore and maintain cellular homeostasis during the stress conditions are microRNAs.MicroRNAs, a group of approximately 22-nucleotide-long, non-coding RNAs, have recently been identified as a new class of regulators governing gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs can silence genes either by guiding the degradation of the target mRNAs or by repressing the mRNA translation. Plant miRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate many genes involved in various developmental processes, for example, auxin signaling, organ polarity/radial patterning, developmental transitions, and secondary metabolism regulation. Moreover, increasing evidence indicates the role of plant miRNA-guided gene regulation in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. High-throughput sequencing approaches have significantly elucidated the identification and functional characterization of numerous miRNAs in plants. Understanding the role and mechanism of action of miRNAs during abiotic and biotic stresses can potentially offer new approaches to improve plant growth and productivity.This unique book covers the different aspects of plant microRNAomics including the discovery, biogenesis, role in different stress conditions, and applications of microRNAs in developing stress-tolerant plants. Chapters cover the updated knowledge in the field of plant microRNA research. The book, miRNAomics and Stress Management in Plants, intends to demonstrate the breadth of research and the significant advances that have been made in understanding the role of miRNAs in the plant development and stress management.This comprehensive volume will be of value to plant physiologists, plant biochemists, geneticists, molecular biologists, agronomists, environmental researchers, and graduate and undergraduate students of plant science.
Biofuels in Venezuela
In order to evaluate the yield of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) for ethanol production, eleven cultivars were evaluated: V91-8, V98-86, V91-01, V99-271, C323-368, V98-120, V99-236, B80-408, V00-50, V99-190, CP74-2005 during one production cycle. The trial was carried out in the field of the Universidad Nacional Experimental Sur del Lago "Jes繳s Mar穩a Semprum" (UNESUR), in a randomized block design, choosing plants from the central furrow of each experimental plot (45 m2/treatment). The criteria evaluated were: production in tons of cane per hectare (TCH), tons of sugar/ha (TAH), percentage of polysaccharides (% POL), liters of ethanol per hectare (LtEt/hA), efficiency (LtEt/TC) and concentration of ethanol produced. The results indicate non-significant differences between treatments due to the effect of cultivars for the variable TAH, and highly significant for efficiency (LtEt/TC) (p >= 0.001) and ethanol concentration (p >= 0.001). Venezuela can produce ethanol from sugarcane crops in the area south of Lake Maracaibo.
Foliar Application of Phosphorus, Sulphur & Micronutrients of Zinc &
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a widely cultivated cereal crop in varied environments. It is grown for its high-quality grains that are high in carbohydrates. Rice production has employed more than 20 million African farmers, and it is estimated that rice provides a living for roughly 100 million people. A field experiment was carried out to examine the relative responses of rice to soil P and foliar P, and if foliar P application could compensate for lower soil applied P rate. In addition, if foliar Zn, Fe, and S applications might boost rice grain output. The study was a 2 x 8 factorial experiment (location by nutrient with eight treatments) laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The locations were Nyankpala and Bontanga under rainfed lowland and irrigation conditions respectively.AGRA rice variety, which has a maturity period of 125 to 130 days was tested under both irrigated and rainfed lowland rice growing conditions. Some of the parameters measured includes Plant Height, Days to 50 % flowering, Number of tillers per hill, Panicle weight, Rice Straw weight, Leaf Area, SPAD values, 1000 grain weight, Dry shoot biomass and paddy grain yield.
Advances in Yields and Zoning Risks of Soybean crop
Soybean is a plant native from China, belonging to the Fabaceae family, subfamily Faboideae, genus Glycine and species Glycine max (L.) Merrill, being considered one of the oldest crops in the world. Soybean is main crop cultivated in Brazil (FERREIRA et al., 2020).In Brazil, the soybean crop was implemented in 1882. In 1914, it was introduced in the Rio Grande do Sul State, due to favourable climatic conditions, especially the photoperiod. The implementation of soybean genetic breeding programs made it possible to advance the crop to regions with low latitudes (FERREIRA, 2017). Soybean is one of the most cultivated and ancient species in the world. It has conducted with a high technological level in all its operations, constituting a "commodity" of great commercial importance for the development of Brazilian agriculture, being grown in all regions. Its great economic importance in the scenario Brazilian is due to its high volume produced.
Incidence of fungi in maize seeds (Zea mays L.)
The use of high quality seeds is extremely important as it prevents the spread of pathogens and the introduction of diseases into areas where they do not exist. Considering the importance of the maize crop for Para穩ba, maize (Zea mays L.) seed collections were carried out during the 2007 and 2008 planting seasons in producing areas in municipalities in the micro-regions of Para穩ba. ) were collected from producing areas in municipalities in the micro-regions of Guarabira (Guarabira, Alagoinha and Mulungu), Brejo (Alagoa Grande and Areia) and Itabaiana (Itabaiana and Gurinh矇m), in order to determine the mycoflora, using moistened filter paper as the incubation method.
Mushroom Finder
Begin to identify mushrooms across North America with this pocket-size guide.If you're fascinated by fungi or the practice of foraging, then learning to identify mushrooms is essential. While this is not a guide to edible mushrooms, Mushroom Finder by Jacob Kalichman is a great tool for getting started. The handy, easy-to-use booklet is your first step in identifying mushrooms, helping to provide you with a general identification to mushrooms that are fungus-like in appearance throughout the continental United States and Canada.Not your typical mushroom guide, the booklet is aimed at breadth rather than depth--so you're likely to find the content that you're looking for, but you might not be able to identify a given fungus to its specific species or genus. To that end, Mushroom Finder provides a dichotomous key to identifying fungi. Simply answer a series of simple questions about the location, shape, or appearance of the mushroom, including its cap, spores, and stem. Along the way, professional illustrations by Roo Vandegrift help you arrive at a positive general identification.This guide is applicable to mushrooms that are or look like a fungus, that are at least 5mm tall or wide, that have feelable thickness in all directions (unlike leaf spots), and that are still fresh.Book Features: Step-by-step guide to identifying fungiMore than 300 types of fungiProfessional line illustrations with key markings for identificationSmall format that fits into a pocket or pack
Winter Weed Finder
Identify plants in eastern North America during winter with this pocket-size guide.You can appreciate and enjoy nature's plants and wildflowers--even during late fall and winter! If you're curious about the dry, non-woody plants that you encounter, then Winter Weed Finder by Dorcas S. Miller is just what you need. With the handy, easy-to-use booklet, you can identify common dry plants throughout the eastern United States and parts of southern Canada.The book provides a dichotomous key to identifying non-woody plants in late fall and winter. Simply answer a series of simple questions about the post-flowering appearance and the dry fruiting structures that remain after frost, such as dried flower heads, seed capsules, and stems. Along the way, professional illustrations by Ellen Amendolara help to guide you to a positive identification.Book Features: Step-by-step guide to winter weed identificationMore than 100 species or groups of wildflowers and other non-woody plantsProfessional line illustrations with key markings for identificationSmall format that fits into a pocket or packThis guide is applicable to southeastern Canada and the US states of Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, as well as eastern portions of Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas.
Berry Finder
Identify wild berries and fruits in eastern North America with this pocket-size guide.If you're fascinated by native plants or the practice of foraging, then learning to identify berries and fruits is essential. While this is not a guide to edible plants, Berry Finder by Dorcas S. Miller is a great tool for getting started with plant identification. This handy, easy-to-use booklet can help you identify native plants with fleshy fruit in the eastern half of North America.The booklet provides a dichotomous key to identifying ripe berries and berry-like fruits. Simply answer a series of simple questions about the plant type, leaf pattern, leaf margin, and fruit color. Along the way, professional illustrations by Cherie Hunter Day help to guide you to a positive identification.Book Features: Step-by-step guide to identifying wild berries and fruitsMore than 180 species of plants, shrubs, and treesProfessional line illustrations with key markings for identificationSmall format that fits into a pocket or packThis guide is applicable to eastern Canada and the US states of Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and parts of Florida, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Agricultural Marketing
Agricultural marketing is a dynamic and complex field that plays a crucial role in the economic development of nations, especially those with a significant agrarian base. The efficient marketing of agricultural products ensures that farmers receive fair prices for their produce, consumers get quality products at reasonable prices, and economies grow sustainably. This book, "Agricultural Marketing," aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of this vital domain.
MUSURURU beverage; manufacturing analysis and quality improvement
The aim of our research is to enhance the value of the "musururu" alcoholic beverage produced locally in the town of Goma. For this reason, physico-chemical and microbiological analyses of this beverage were carried out in order to improve it from a technological, microbiological and sanitary point of view. The semi-structured survey enabled us to identify three different "musururu" production technologies in Goma. The critical points in each unit operation were identified. The production of "musururu" differs from modern processes in the greater complexity of the brewing operation, the speed and brevity of alcoholic fermentation by the traditional ferment, and the superimposition of natural lactic fermentation.A better stability of physico-chemical parameters was observed for samples obtained with the addition of sucrose and S. cerevisiae yeast, then stabilized by pasteurization.
Morpho-Anatomical Structure of Leaves, Bracts
This book analyzes the morphoanatomical structure of the leaves of some plant species of the genus Asanthophyllum C.A.Mey, common in different habitats. The morphology of leaf hairs of 25 plant species, many of which were taken from 2-4 geographical points of their range, was studied to determine the influence of environmental conditions on the type, morphology and extent of growth.The anatomical structure of the root of Acanthophyllum albidum Schischk, growing in different regions of the Fergana Valley, and the amount of saponin contained in the root are considered. The higher the degree of sclerification of root xylem in plants, the less saponins are present. The accumulation of saponins in the root is directly related to the level of its parenchyma, and based on this, this sign can be used as an express method for determining the amount of saponins in the root.The life forms of some species of the genus Acanthophyllum, their analysis and the development of the concept of their evolution are also described.
Growth promoting abilities of bacterial endophytes on S. melongena L.
Endophytic microorganisms are secretive partners of plants that coexist with them inside their hosts. Endophytes have been recognized for the past century, despite the fact that they are thought to have evolved and been related with land plants. Over the past ten years, a plethora of research have demonstrated the critical role that plant microbiomes play in the resilience, growth, and development of a wide range of plants, including species that are commercially significant. Due to their ability to synthesize a wide range of chemicals and interact with both pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms, endophytes have become more relevant due to their potential to yield novel compounds with therapeutic significance and to increase agricultural productivity. It is now feasible to correctly identify these microorganisms and learn about their interactions with their hosts and other microorganisms thanks to the advancement of contemporary molecular biology tools and procedures. In this summary, the volume emphasizes how our knowledge of endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria can help us make better use of them to raise crop output and quality.
Training Need of Potato Growers
Training is one of the ways to provide opportunities to the farmers to make the best use of actual potential capacities of farm resources. It is an undisputed fact that farmers play a crucial role in overall national development by producing tubers crops, food grains and other staple food. A large number of potato cultivation technologies are available which can be utilized by the potato growers for boosting their production. It is a matter of great concern that total potential of farmers and other resources are not being utilized efficiently. Potato is one of the important tuber crops grown in Bihar. The productivity of potato in our state is quite low from national average. Potato has most export potential crop by which the socio economic condition of farmers can be raised. It is hoped that findings of this study will be of great value and use to the planners, policy makers, extension workers and students of extension education who are working in the field of training for agricultural and rural development.
Ethnobotanical survey
The aim of this study is to gather data on the medicinal use of cannabis in the Taounate-Morocco region. Cannabis is a plant that has long been prohibited in Morocco due to its psychotropic effects. However, in June 2021, a new law authorized its use for medicinal purposes. As a result, a month-long survey was carried out, during which several uses were cited. Among them, use against "cham" infant disorders was most often mentioned, followed by diabetes, injuries, pain, anxiety, and many others detailed in the document.
Experiments in Agroecology
This book was written as a result of two pieces of fieldwork I did during my degree in Agroecology Technology at the IFPB Sousa campus. The two pieces of work together took approximately two years of dedication, often having to put aside family life and leisure time to devote myself exclusively to field activities to collect data for the experiments. I used them respectively to write my final thesis and my monograph for the specialisation in soils that I did straight after finishing university. In order to carry them out, I had help from friends, teachers and administrative staff at the institution, including those mentioned here as co-authors of this work, who together with my family made it possible. I should mention that this is my first publication in book format, with me as the main author of the work, so I have high hopes for it, not only in terms of its sale, but also in terms of the information that will be available to people who obtain it as a copy.
Controlling the date moth
The aim of this work is to study the toxicity of a commercialized strain of Bacillus thuriengiensis alone and with the addition of 5% dextrin with a growth regulator Diflubenzuron towards the L3 stage of a date palm pest Or the date worm Ectomyelois ceratoniae. Results showed that the efficacy of the bacterial strain added to 5% Dextrin recorded the highest mortality rate at 75.74%, compared with the bacterial strain alone 67.04%, while Diflubenzeron appears to be less effective, recording a low mortality rate of only 44.82%.
Nutrition and Lifestyle in Cancer Prevention
"Nutrition and Lifestyle in Cancer Prevention" is a comprehensive book that explores the important connection between nutrition, lifestyle, and cancer prevention. The book provides a deep understanding of cancer and sheds light on the intricate connections between our dietary choices and health. It also outlines the global incidence of cancer, focusing on the most common types, and explores the causes of the disease, emphasizing the role of diet and other crucial factors in cancer development. The book stresses the importance of understanding cancer and its causes, offering valuable knowledge on potential preventive measures and laws related to cancer nutritional management. By highlighting the significant impact of diet and lifestyle choices on cancer prevention, this book is an essential resource for individuals looking to take proactive measures to reduce their cancer risk. With its in-depth exploration and practical insights, this book provides valuable guidance for anyone interested in promoting their health and well-being through informed choices and preventive actions.
Indian Dairy Farming and Technology Adoption
The dairy sector in India is a substantial part of agriculture. The advent of precision dairy farming technology has contributed to better farm management, health monitoring of milching units, improved productivity and ease in managing operations with reduced wastage. In India particularly, the prime focus is upon the strengthening of the milk cooperatives based supply chain by adjoining small holding farmers to the state milk federations. But the awareness, promotion and adoption of in-farm technologies such as milking machines, RFID cow collars, silage makers, ICTs, etc. are at the low pace. The reason is major portion of unorganised sector with low herd size. As per the research indications, it has been found that encouraging the development of organised dairy farms can help to cater future rise in demand of milk products both domestically and internationally. With the help of systems approach, this work is an attempt to showcase a holistic scenario of technology adoption in the dairy farms of India to help the decision makers and policy planners to make efforts in the desired directions.
Mangifera indica
The mango, the king of fruits, is also the fruit of desire and the fruit of love. Every aspect of the tree is profoundly intertwined with Indian civilization. The leaves, flowers, and fruits of the mango are depicted in paintings and sculptures, and references to it are found in Indian literature through the ages and in several languages. It has played, and continues to play, an important role in religion, cuisine, and a variety of cultural forms. But do we really know all there is to know about this delectable fruit? In this deeply researched and superbly written book, we go beyond the well-trodden stories of the obsessions of nawabs and kings and breathless annual debates about the best mangoes in the world. From the orchards where they grow to the vibrant markets redolent with their aroma, and ultimately to our tables, Mangifera indica describes every aspect of India's favorite fruit. Book One begins with the history, origin, and the relevance of the mango in contemporary culture, including its place in religious rituals and festivals, literature, and diplomatic relations. Book Two takes us far back in time, 4,500 million years ago, to chart the coevolution of the ancestors of the mango and humans. In Book Three, we traverse the length and breadth of India, encountering a kaleidoscope of mango varieties-the fragrant Alphonso, sweet Kesar, succulent Dashehri, and dozens of others-as well as never before heard stories of growers, traders, distributors, and consumers. An ambitious synthesis of reportage, history, biology, ecology, economics, and culture, Mangifera indica is the definitive account of India's treasured fruit.
"Ecofriendly Management of Major Insect Pests of Maize"
Experiments were conducted to investigate seasonal incidence, biology and ecofriendly management of major insect pests of maize at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Parbhani during Rabi 2021-22. The population of fall armyworm and natural enemy, coccinellid beetle peaked during the 11th SMW during Rabi 2021-22 and the population of sucking pests was negligible. Evening relative humidity showed significant negative correlation with both fall armyworm and coccinellid beetle during Rabi 2021-22. Carbofuran showed the best results in managing pest population among the main treatments. Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are the two biopesticides that potentially reduced the larval population, per cent plant damage and per cent cob damage caused by fall armyworm and increased the grain yield of maize considerably compared to untreated. The natural enemy, lady bird beetle was observed. Hence, biopesticides can be used for managing major insect pests of maize. Biopesticides can be the better alternative option to chemical insecticides for eco-friendly management.
Seed Vigour Assessment for Heat Tolerance in Bread Wheat
Planting of high quality seed is always a key component for all cropping systems worldwide. Seed with high quality is required to ensure adequate plant populations, with reasonable seeding rates, in a range of field and climatic condition. Seed quality at the time of planting represents the integrated effects of the environment and genotypes during seed production and the environmental and management to which the seeds were exposed during harvest, processing, and storage. Unfavorable environmental conditions like high temperature, difference between day and night temperatures, rainfall, relative humidity and sun shine during seed development and maturation in the field could reduce quality of seed. Nowadays, this is becoming a serious problem particularly in Northern India. Seed vigour is the most important quality parameters which depends upon multiple physiological and biochemical attributes. The information on such parameters and also basis to classify the various wheat genotypes as heat tolerance and susceptible is very much needed for present day crop husbandry.
