How Knowledge Grows
An argument that the development of scientific practice and growth of scientific knowledge are governed by Darwin's evolutionary model of descent with modification. Although scientific investigation is influenced by our cognitive and moral failings as well as all of the factors impinging on human life, the historical development of scientific knowledge has trended toward an increasingly accurate picture of an increasing number of phenomena. Taking a fresh look at Thomas Kuhn's 1962 work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, in How Knowledge Grows Chris Haufe uses evolutionary theory to explain both why scientific practice develops the way it does and how scientific knowledge expands. This evolutionary model, claims Haufe, helps to explain what is epistemically special about scientific knowledge: its tendency to grow in both depth and breadth. Kuhn showed how intellectual communities achieve consensus in part by discriminating against ideas that differ from their own and isolating themselves intellectually from other fields of inquiry and broader social concerns. These same characteristics, says Haufe, determine a biological population's degree of susceptibility to modification by natural selection. He argues that scientific knowledge grows, even across generations of variable groups of scientists, precisely because its development is governed by Darwinian evolution. Indeed, he supports the claim that this susceptibility to modification through natural selection helps to explain the epistemic power of certain branches of modern science. In updating and expanding the evolutionary approach to scientific knowledge, Haufe provides a model for thinking about science that acknowledges the historical contingency of scientific thought while showing why we nevertheless should trust the results of scientific research when it is the product of certain kinds of scientific communities.
Living Planet
The Sunday Times Bestseller A new, fully updated narrative edition of David Attenborough's seminal biography of our world, The Living Planet. Nowhere on our planet is devoid of life. Plants and animals thrive or survive within every extreme of climate and habitat that it offers. Single species, and often whole communities adapt to make the most of ice cap and tundra, forest and plain, desert, ocean and volcano. These adaptations can be truly extraordinary: fish that walk or lay eggs on leaves in mid-air; snakes that fly; flightless birds that graze like deer; and bears that grow hair on the soles of their feet.In The Living Planet, David Attenborough's searching eye, unfailing curiosity and infectious enthusiasm explain and illuminate the intricate lives of the these colonies, from the lonely heights of the Himalayas to the wild creatures that have established themselves in the most recent of environments, the city. By the end of this book it is difficult to say which is the more astonishing - the ingenuity with which individual species contrive a living, or the complexity of their interdependence on each other and on the habitations provided by our planet.In this new edition, the author, with the help of zoologist Matthew Cobb, has added all the most up-to-date discoveries of ecology and biology, as well as a full-colour 64-page photography section. He also addresses the urgent issues facing our living planet: climate change, pollution and mass extinction of species.
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Engineering
Foreword.- Translator's Introduction.- Introduction.- The First Stage of Engineering Activity: Planning and Decision-making.- The Second Stage of Engineering Activity: Operating and Implementing.- The Third Stage of Engineering activity: Using Artifacts and Living a Life.- Philosophy of Engineering: An Emerging Branch of Philosophy.
Multiple Sequence Alignment
Chapter "Alignment of Biological Sequences with Jalview" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Psilocybin Mushrooms
Successful ShroomingDo you want to become a fungi fundi?Are you interested in Magic mushrooms and psychedelics and all related?Is the knowledge that you have just enough to be dangerous?If So, You've Found the Guide of all Guides! Grow, Use, Embark on the Experience, or Forage Your Own Magic Mushrooms With This Guide That Will Show You How.This 3-in-1 read on how to grow, what to know, and when to sow is going to blow your mind!Psilocybin Mushrooms is a comprehensive guide that will provide you with all the knowledge needed to grow, identify and use these mushrooms safely and successfully, making sure that you have fun discovering and finding out things I bet you didn't know.Forget about the old school information and misinformation out there, it's time to step into the 21st century with all new facts, updated cultivation methods and step-by-step instructions.With information compiled from years of experience, ensure that you're getting a realistic and authentic guide to growing, foraging, and using shrooms.Uncover: Magic Mushrooms' nature to fully understand how Psilocybin Mushrooms work.Everything you need to start growing from the comfort of your home, even if you're an absolute beginner!The gates to the universe: Safely embark on the experience of a lifetime.The guidance needed to harvest and store your yield correctly.Troubleshooting and answers to many of your cultivation questions.Guidelines for calculating the correct dosages. Say goodbye to confusion and misinformation!Foraging tips about where they grow, how to spot them, and how to prepare them.Body, mind & spirit healing.And much more!Allow me to take you on a magical journey down the rabbit hole and into the matrix. Experience new sensations, boost your creativity, lessen your anxiety, expand your knowledge, or just enjoy the ride!Grab this Guide Today!
Psilocybin Mushrooms
Successful ShroomingDo you want to become a fungi fundi?Are you interested in psychedelics and all related?Is the knowledge that you have just enough to be dangerous?If So, You've Found the Guide of all Guides! Grow, Use, Embark on the Experience, or Forage Your Own Magic Mushrooms With This Guide That Will Show You How.This 3-in-1 read on how to grow, what to know, and when to sow is going to blow your mind!Psilocybin Mushrooms is a comprehensive guide that will provide you with all the knowledge needed to grow, identify and use these mushrooms safely and successfully, making sure that you have fun discovering and finding out things I bet you didn't know.Forget about the old school information and misinformation out there, it's time to step into the 21st century with all new facts, updated cultivation methods and step-by-step instructions.With information compiled from years of experience, ensure that you're getting a realistic and authentic guide to growing, foraging, and using shrooms.Uncover: Their nature to fully understand how Psilocybin Mushrooms work.Everything you need to start growing from the comfort of your home, even if you're an absolute beginner!The gates to the universe: Safely embark on the experience of a lifetime.The guidance needed to harvest and store your yield correctly.Troubleshooting and answers to many of your cultivation questions.Guidelines for calculating the correct dosages. Say goodbye to confusion and misinformation!Foraging tips about where they grow, how to spot them, and how to prepare them.Body, mind & spirit healing.And much more!Allow me to take you on a magical journey down the rabbit hole and into the matrix. Experience new sensations, boost your creativity, lessen your anxiety, expand your knowledge, or just enjoy the ride!Scroll up, Click on "Buy Now", and Grab this Guide!
Stone Desert
"Few writers can better express the strange vitality of desert landscapes than Childs."--PUBLISHERS WEEKLYOriginally published over twenty-five years ago, Stone Desert brings the wonder and wildness of one of our nation's most geologically and culturally unique national parks to readers everywhere. With a new introduction by the author, this edition includes Craig Childs's original journal--written over a winter in Canyonlands National Park and complete with pen-and-ink sketches--from which Stone Desert originated. Join Childs as he hikes the high mesas, navigates the winding canyons, and witnesses the ancient rock art of Utah's most inscrutable and remote slickrock desert.
Neuropedia
A fun and fact-filled A-Z treasury for anyone with a head on their shoulders Neuropedia journeys into the mysteries and marvels of the three pounds of tissue between your ears--the brain. Eric Chudler takes you on a breathtaking tour of the nervous system with dozens of entries that explore the structure and function of the brain and cover topics such as the spinal cord and nerve cells, the methods of neuroscientific research, and the visionary scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding what makes each of us who we are. The brain has fascinated and puzzled researchers, physicians, and philosophers for thousands of years and captivated us with each new discovery. This compendium of neuroscientific wonders is brimming with facts and insights, helping us to make sense of our current understanding of the nervous system while identifying the frontiers in our knowledge that remain unexplored. Chudler guides readers through a variety of rare and common neurological disorders such as alien hand disorder, Capgras syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, and discusses the latest brain-imaging methods used to diagnose them. He discusses neurochemicals, neurotoxins, and lifesaving drugs, and offers bold perspectives on human consciousness that enable us to better appreciate our place in nature. With marvelous illustrations by Kelly Chudler, Neuropedia is an informative and entertaining trip into the inner world of the brain.Features a cloth cover with an elaborate foil-stamped design
Realism for Realistic People
In this innovative book, Hasok Chang constructs a philosophy of science for 'realistic people' interested in understanding and promoting the actual practices of inquiry in science and other knowledge-focused areas of life. Inspired by pragmatist philosophy, he reconceives the very notions of reality and truth on the basis of his concept of the 'operational coherence' of epistemic activities, and offers new pragmatist conceptions of truth and reality as operational ideals achievable in actual scientific practice. Rejecting the version of scientific realism that is concerned with claiming that our theories correspond to an ultimate reality, he proposes instead an 'activist realism': a commitment to do all that we can actually do to improve our knowledge of realities. His book will appeal to scholars and students in philosophy, science and the history of science, and all who are concerned about the place of science and empirical truth in society.
Natural Philosophy
Recovering the forgotten discipline of Natural Philosophy for the modern world This book argues for the retrieval of 'natural philosophy', a concept that faded into comparative obscurity as individual scientific disciplines became established and institutionalized. Natural philosophy was understood in the early modern period as a way of exploring the human relationship with the natural world, encompassing what would now be seen as the distinct disciplines of the natural sciences, mathematics, music, philosophy, and theology. The first part of the work represents a critical conversation with the tradition, identifying the essential characteristics of natural philosophy, particularly its emphasis on both learning about and learning from nature. After noting the factors which led to the disintegration of natural philosophy during the nineteenth century, the second part of the work sets out the reasons why natural philosophy should be retrieved, and a creative and innovative proposal for how this might be done. This draws on Karl Popper's 'Three Worlds' and Mary Midgley's notion of using multiple maps in bringing together the many aspects of the human encounter with the natural world. Such a retrieved or 're-imagined' natural philosophy is able to encourage both human attentiveness and respectfulness towards Nature, while enfolding both the desire to understand the natural world, and the need to preserve the affective, imaginative, and aesthetic aspects of the human response to nature.
Electron Gun for Gyrotrons
This book highlights the emission, transmission, and launching of an electron beam. It presents an overview and recent advances in order to enhance knowledge in the field of gyrotron in general and electron gun in particular. The book is presented in seven chapters starting with the introduction and ending with future possible directions in the field of electron beams and gyrotrons.
More than Wolverine
Jeremiah joins long time Fort Yukon, Alaska trapper Jim Firmin on his wilderness trapline in one of the most remote places in North America, fulfilling a lifelong dream. They open up old trails, set traps, explore the country and share knowledge of the old time wilderness trappers who once roamed this vast unoccupied territory and made their living here, and the few who remain here today, including "The Last Alaskans" stars Heimo and Edna Korth, Tyler and Ashley Selden, Charlie Jagow and more,
Unfriending Dystopia
Social media is shaping our lives, churches, communities, and culture in both positive and negative ways. How can we take the positive and leave the negative? This book aims to give you a practical understanding of the culture social media developed in, the culture it creates, and practical ways to engage with social media to keep the good and reduce the impact of the negative.
Magnetic Resonators
The phase-locking of multiple spin-torque nano oscillators(STNOs) is considered the primary vehicle to achieve sufficient signal quality for applications. This book highlights the resonator's design and its need for feedback for phase locking of STNOs. STNOs can act as sources of tunable microwaves after being phase-locked together. External feedback from a coplanar waveguide placed above an STNO helps ensures coherent single domain oscillations. STNOs placed within magnonic crystal cavities also demonstrate coherent oscillations. Arrays of such cavities provide a route to scale power levels from such nano-oscillators. The book presents numerical and micromagnetics to validate the design.
The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Philosophy of Science
A comprehensive resource on feminist thinking about and in the sciences. Coverage is divided into four parts: I. Hidden Figures and Historical Critique; II. Theoretical Frameworks; III. Key Concepts and Issues; IV. Feminist Philosophy of Science in Practice.
S.O.S
Over decades, Child and Family psychiatrist Phillip Romero, MD has developed theories and therapy procedures to resolve family dysfunctions and restore suffering individuals to their lives, all while helping them grow their creative abilities toward wellness and self-actualization. S.O.S.: Rewiring the Sense-Of-Self with Creative Intelligence Training explains these theories and presents the procedures for this new form of therapy both for people with emotional pro blems and for anyone seeking to grow toward their full capacity. The first part is about organi zing the brain's networks to function effectively. The second part is about recreating the sense of self with mindfulness techniques. The third explains how augmenting the benefits of these procedures through the biological neuroplastic effects of ketamine and psychedelics can help the brain to utilize the new ways of functioning more fully and rapidly. These ideas and procedures are uniquely novel to both psychiatry, ketamine-assisted therapy, and growth of creative abilities in anyone. George Greer, MD, Board Chair, Heffter Research Institute
Mutual Aid
Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 collection of essays by Russian naturalist and anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. Originally published in "The Nineteenth Century" from 1890 to 1896, the essays examine mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity in both animal and human societies. Contents include: "Mutual Aid Among Animals", "Mutual Aid Among Animals (continued)", "Mutual Aid Among Savages", "Mutual Aid Among The Barbarians", "Mutual Aid In The Mediaeval City", "Mutual Aid In The Mediaeval City (continued)", etc. Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (1842-1921) was a Russian writer, activist, revolutionary, economist, scientist, sociologist, essayist, historian, researcher, political scientist, geographer, geographer, biologist, philosopher and advocate of anarcho-communism. He was a prolific writer, producing a large number of pamphlets and articles, the most notable being "The Conquest of Bread and Fields, Factories and Workshops" and "Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution". This classic work is being republished now in a new edition complete with an excerpt from "Comrade Kropotkin" by Victor Robinson.
Zero to Infinity
Andrew Pappachen is an Indian-American by heritage and an environmental engineer by profession. He retired as Director of Public Works from a big city government in New Jersey and lives in Montville, New Jersey, USA with his wife Somini. Currently, he is working as an Environmental Management Consultant. His Daughter Simmy lives in St. Petersburgh, Florida. His son Kevin is married to Grace and they live in Bergen County, New Jersey. Andrew has written and published several books both in English and in his native language, Malayalam, which is spoken in the State of Kerala, India. His latest English book, A Journey Alone is his biography along with the other two books, Love with the Ghost and Rays of Light From The darkness of A Prison cell are published by Author House. At the end of every book, Andrew concludes with certain philosophy of life that he believes in. In this book, Andrew tries an expedition thorough the universe, Earth and human life to find an answer to the purpose of life.
The Classical-Quantum Correspondence
This Element provides an entry point for philosophical engagement with quantization and the classical limit. It introduces the mathematical tools of C*-algebras as they are used to compare classical and quantum physics. It then employs those tools to investigate philosophical issues surrounding theory change in physics. It discusses examples in which quantization bears on the topics of reduction, structural continuity, analogical reasoning, and theory construction. In doing so, it demonstrates that the precise mathematical tools of algebraic quantum theory can aid philosophers of science and philosophers of physics.
Seeding the Positive Anthropocene
There is a growing interest in the character and the challenge of the Anthropocene. Although efforts to pin down beginning dates of this epoch have been debated, there is a broad consensus that humanity is facing an unprecedented challenge to surviving on Earth, a challenge which humans have created ourselves. Undeniably, we have had and continue to have impacts on the planet as a whole. These include ravaging bushfires and unprecedented flooding caused by climate change, spiking levels of carbon dioxide levels, and widespread loss of biodiversity. The challenge has been expressed in various ways: the larger challenges of climate change or ocean garbage toxicity, the subtler challenges that would support such large efforts by cultivating a new aesthetic. The present book asks of us to reach for the deeper grounding of all such efforts. Perhaps that asking is best hinted at by pluralizing the word character in a paradoxical non-question: "What is to be the 'character' of the characters transforming the Anthropocene from its present negativity to a positive period of human flourishing." What is missing, what we are in the dark about, is the apparently simple turn that would have us asking, "What's what?"The focus must be concrete: so we are to think of miners and farmers and reformers and economists and educators, but primarily of ourselves as whats. Might we begin the positive Anthropocene's success by beginning to sow what comprehendingly?
Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics
This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 17th International Meeting on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, CIBB 2021, which was held virtually during November 15-17, 2021. The 19 papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions, and they focus on bioinformatics, computational biology, health informatics, cheminformatics, biotechnology, biostatistics, and biomedical imaging.
Robots and Immigrants
Who steals jobs? Who owns jobs? Focusing on the competitive labour market, this book scrutinises the narratives created around immigration and automation. The authors explore how the advances in AI and demands for constant flow of immigrant workers eradicate political and working rights, fuelling fears over job theft and ownership. Shedding light on the multiple ways in which employment is used as an instrument of neoliberal governance, this revealing book sparks new debate on the role of automation and migration policies. It is an invaluable resource for academics and practitioners working in the areas of immigration and labour, capitalism and social exclusion, and economic models and political governance.
The Interpreters of Genesis and the Interpreters of Nature; Essay #4 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition"
This Book "The Interpreters of Genesis and the Interpreters of Nature; Essay #4 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition"" has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.
Musical Illusions and Phantom Words
In this ground-breaking synthesis of art and science, Diana Deutsch, one of the world's leading experts on the psychology of music, shows how illusions of music and speech--many of which she herself discovered--have fundamentally altered thinking about the brain. These astonishing illusions show that people can differ strikingly in how they hear musical patterns--differences that reflect variations in brain organization as well as influences of language on music perception. Drawing on a wide variety of fields, including psychology, music theory, linguistics, and neuroscience, Deutsch examines questions such as: When an orchestra performs a symphony, what is the "real" music? Is it in the mind of the composer, or the conductor, or different members of the audience? Deutsch also explores extremes of musical ability, and other surprising responses to music and speech. Why is perfect pitch so rare? Why do some people hallucinate music or speech? Why do we hear phantom words and phrases? Why are we subject to stuck tunes, or "earworms"? Why do we hear a spoken phrase as sung just because it is presented repeatedly? In evaluating these questions, she also shows how music and speech are intertwined, and argues that they stem from an early form of communication that had elements of both. Many of the illusions described in the book are so striking and paradoxical that you need to hear them to believe them. The book enables you to listen to the sounds that are described while reading about them.
The Roots of Engagement
In recent years, emerging economies in the Global South have increased the overall demand for raw materials and bolstered the price of oil, minerals, and other commodities. As a result, resource-rich countries in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa have experienced an important economic bonanza and reduced levels of poverty and inequality. However, for communities living near the extractive frontier, mining has caused serious environmental degradation, and many in these communities have protested local extractive industries. Departing from the existing literature, The Roots of Engagement examines the individual-level factors that shape a person's opinions over resource extraction. It looks at what makes some individuals accept extractive activities close to their homes, while other individuals strongly reject them. Moreover, it asks why some individuals focus on the potential benefits of employment and local development, while other individuals focus on the defense of livelihoods and the ecological risks associated with mining. Mois矇s Arce, Michael S. Hendricks, and Marc S. Polizzi find that an individual's level of social engagement--defined by a person's participation in local organizations--is critical for understanding these differences. The greater the participation in local organizations, they argue, the greater the rejection of proposed mining activities. This individual-level approach unveils the fluidity of attitudes over resource extraction, even in areas that appear uniformly opposed to mining; the processes of attitude formation rooted in micro-politics and collective behaviors; and a cross-regional perspective on campaigns against mining. Based on three original public opinion surveys and interviews conducted in T穩a Mar穩a in Peru, Fuleni in South Africa, and Rancho Grande in Nicaragua, The Roots of Engagement is the first book to measure social engagement in organizations and its connection to attitudes about extraction and development.
Theory and Practice in the Interdisciplinary Production and Reproduction of Scientific Knowledge
This book addresses the urgent need for a large and systematic analysis of current interdisciplinary (ID) research and practice. It demonstrates how ID is essentially a cognitive phenomenon, something different from the frivolous and inconsequential attempt of trying to overcome the disciplinary competencies and exigencies. By ID, the authors show that it is a manifestation of the transversal rationality that underlies current scientific activity. It is the very progress of specialized disciplines that requires interdisciplinary new research practices and new forms of articulation between domains, something that has a strong impact on the traditional disciplinary structure of scientific and educational institutions. Divided into two parts, the book presents a conceptual framework as well as several case studies on ID practices. The book aims at covering three main themes. It contributes to the stabilization of ID meaning and characterizes the main ID theorizations which have been proposed until now. It builds an innovative and broad understanding of the several ID determinations as an essentially cognitive phenomenon and of its institutional implications at the level of disciplinary structures and curricular organization. Finally, it distinguishes and maps the diversity of ID procedures and practices which are being used and tested by contemporary scientific and educational institutions. This book is addressed to philosophers, scientists and every one interested in science production and reproduction, including science teaching.
The Asymmetric Nature of Time
This open access monograph offers a detailed study and a systematic defense of a key intuition we typically have, as human beings, with respect to the nature of time: the intuition that the future is open, whereas the past is fixed. For example, whereas it seems unsettled whether there will be a fourth world war, it is settled that there was a first world war.The book contributes, in particular, three major and original insights. First, it provides a coherent, non-metaphorical, and metaphysically illuminating elucidation of the intuition. Second, it determines which model of the temporal structure of the world is most appropriate to accommodate the intuition, and settles on a specific version of the Growing Block Theory of time (GBT). Third, it puts forward a naturalistic foundation for GBT, by exploiting recent results of our best physics (viz. General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, and Quantum Gravity). Three main challenges are addressed: the dismissal of temporal asymmetries as non-fundamental phenomena only (e.g., thermodynamic or causal phenomena), the epistemic objection against GBT, and the apparent tension between GBT and relativistic physics. It is argued that the asymmetry between the open future and the fixed past must be grounded in the temporal structure of the world, and that this is neither precluded by our epistemic device, nor by the latest approaches to Quantum Gravity (​e.g., the Causal Set Theory). Aiming at reconciling time as we find it in ordinary experience and time as physics describes it, this ​innovative book ​will raise the interest of both academic researchers and ​graduate students working on the philosophy of time. More generally, it ​presents contents of interest for all metaphysicians and non-dogmatic philosophers of physics.This is an open access book.
Meta-Research
This volume presents state-of-the art design, analysis and integration approaches for biomedical data including novel statistical models for a comprehensive and powerful synthesis and assessment of scientific evidence. Chapters detail principles of systematic reviews, semi-automated tools for systematic searches, fixed- and random-effects meta-analytical models, living systematic reviews, meta-analysis of genetic studies, meta-analysis of pragmatic and explanatory trials, network meta-analysis, and other modern approaches for data synthesis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, the Meta- Research: Methods and Protocols book, written by global experts, will introduce the reader in a step-by-step process to the methods of the vital and highly promising field of evidence synthesis.
How to Excel in Your Doctoral Viva
How to excel in your doctoral viva offers an accessible guide to approaching and preparing for a PhD viva examination. The book explains what the viva is, how the process works, and what the purpose of the viva is. It guides the reader through the course of preparing for their viva examination, with chapters focusing on organisation to dealing with viva concerns. Contributions from over 25 academics ranging from critical care to theology provide a unique insight into the experiences of PhD candidates and examiners, and make this book an invaluable resource for students completing PhDs across the sciences.
Philosophical Perspectives in Quantum Chemistry
This book explores the philosophy and the foundations of quantum chemistry. It features chapters written by experts in the field. The contributions analyze quantum chemistry as a discipline, in particular, its relation with both chemistry and physics from the viewpoint of realism and reduction. Coverage includes such topics as quantum chemistry as an "in-between" discipline, molecular structure and quantum mechanics, quantum chemical models, and atoms and molecules in quantum chemistry.The interest of this book is twofold. First, the contributions aim to update and refresh the discussions regarding the foundations of quantum chemistry. Second, they seek to develop new philosophical perspectives that this discipline can suggest to philosophers of science.From its origins, quantum chemistry filled a problematic position in the disciplinary space. On the one hand, it is a branch of theoretical chemistry. On the other hand, it appeals essentially to theoretical tools coming from physics. This peculiar position triggered conceptual questions about its own identity. Inside this book, readers will find updated discussions on the foundations and the philosophy of this complex discipline.
Research in Chemistry Education
Explores the teaching and learning of chemistry across the African continentPresents the best papers from the Second African Conference on Research in Chemistry EducationProvides examples of classroom activities and teaching strategies in chemistry education
Computational Psychiatry
Psychiatrists and neuroscientists discuss the potential of computational approaches to address problems in psychiatry including diagnosis, treatment, and integration with neurobiology. Modern psychiatry is at a crossroads, as it attempts to balance neurological analysis with psychological assessment. Computational neuroscience offers a new lens through which to view such thorny issues as diagnosis, treatment, and integration with neurobiology. In this volume, psychiatrists and theoretical and computational neuroscientists consider the potential of computational approaches to psychiatric issues. This unique collaboration yields surprising results, innovative synergies, and novel open questions. The contributors consider mechanisms of psychiatric disorders, the use of computation and imaging to model psychiatric disorders, ways that computation can inform psychiatric nosology, and specific applications of the computational approach. Contributors Susanne E. Ahmari, Huda Akil, Deanna M. Barch, Matthew Botvinick, Michael Breakspear, Cameron S. Carter, Matthew V. Chafee, Sophie Den癡ve, Daniel Durstewitz, Michael B. First, Shelly B. Flagel, Michael J. Frank, Karl J. Friston, Joshua A. Gordon, Katia M. Harl矇, Crane Huang, Quentin J. M. Huys, Peter W. Kalivas, John H. Krystal, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, Angus W. MacDonald III, Tiago V. Maia, Robert C. Malenka, Sanjay J. Mathew, Christoph Mathys, P. Read Montague, Rosalyn Moran, Theoden I. Netoff, Yael Niv, John P. O'Doherty, Wolfgang M. Pauli, Martin P. Paulus, Frederike Petzschner, Daniel S. Pine, A. David Redish, Kerry Ressler, Katharina Schmack, Jordan W. Smoller, Klaas Enno Stephan, Anita Thapar, Heike Tost, Nelson Totah, Jennifer L. Zick
Plates
This book covers the essentials of developments in the area of plate structures and presents them so that the readers can obtain a quick understanding and overview of the subject. Several theoretical models are employed for their analysis and design starting from the classical thin plate theory to alternatives obtained by incorporation of appropriate complicating effects or by using fundamentally different assumptions. The book includes pedagogical features like end-of-chapter exercises and worked examples to help students in self-learning. The book is extremely useful for the senior undergraduate and postgraduate students of aerospace engineering and mechanical engineering.
Modal Empiricism
This book proposes a novel position in the debate on scientific realism: Modal Empiricism. Modal empiricism is the view that the aim of science is to provide theories that correctly delimit, in a unified way, the range of experiences that are naturally possible given our position in the world. The view is associated with a pragmatic account of scientific representation and an original notion of situated modalities, together with an inductive epistemology for modalities. It purports to provide a faithful account of scientific practice and of its impressive achievements, and defuses the main motivations for scientific realism. More generally, Modal Empiricism purports to be the precise articulation of a pragmatist stance towards science.This book is of interest to any philosopher involved in the debate on scientific realism, or interested in how to properly understand the content, aim and achievements of science.
Language and Scientific Research
This book analyzes the role of language in scientific research and develops the semantics of science from different angles. The philosophical investigation of the volume is divided into four parts, which covers both basic science and applied science: I) The Problem of Reference and Potentialities of the Language in Science; II) Language and Change in Scientific Research: Evolution and Historicity; III) Scientific Language in the Context of Truth and Fiction; and IV) Language in Mathematics and in Empirical Sciences. Language plays a key role in science: our access to the theoretical, practical or evaluative dimensions of scientific activity begins with the mastery of language, continues with a deepening in the use of language and reaches the level of contribution when it creates new terms or changes them in sense and reference. This reveals the compatibility between objectivity in semantic contents and historicity in the progress of science. This volume is a valuable enrichment to students, academics and other professionals interested in science in all its forms, who seek to deepen the role that language plays in its structure and dynamics.
Irc-Set 2020
This book highlights leading-edge research in multi-disciplinary areas in Physics, Engineering, Medicine, and Health care, from the 6th IRC Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (IRC-SET 2020) held in July 2020 at Singapore. The papers were shortlisted after extensive rounds of reviews by a panel of esteemed individuals who are pioneers in their domains. The book also contains excerpts of the speeches by eminent personalities who graced the occasion, thereby providing written documentation of the event.
How the World Really Works
INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER "Provocative but perceptive . . . You can agree or disagree with Smil--accept or doubt his 'just the facts' posture--but you probably shouldn't ignore him."--The Washington Post An essential analysis of the modern science and technology that makes our twenty-first century lives possible--a scientist's investigation into what science really does, and does not, accomplish. We have never had so much information at our fingertips and yet most of us don't know how the world really works. This book explains seven of the most fundamental realities governing our survival and prosperity. From energy and food production, through our material world and its globalization, to risks, our environment and its future, How the World Really Works offers a much-needed reality check--because before we can tackle problems effectively, we must understand the facts. In this ambitious and thought-provoking book we see, for example, that globalization isn't inevitable--the foolishness of allowing 70 per cent of the world's rubber gloves to be made in just one factory became glaringly obvious in 2020--and that our societies have been steadily increasing their dependence on fossil fuels, such that any promises of decarbonization by 2050 are a fairy tale. For example, each greenhouse-grown supermarket-bought tomato has the equivalent of five tablespoons of diesel embedded in its production, and we have no way of producing steel, cement or plastics at required scales without huge carbon emissions. Ultimately, Smil answers the most profound question of our age: are we irrevocably doomed or is a brighter utopia ahead? Compelling, data-rich and revisionist, this wonderfully broad, interdisciplinary guide finds faults with both extremes. Looking at the world through this quantitative lens reveals hidden truths that change the way we see our past, present and uncertain future.
Explorations in Archaeology and Philosophy
This volume explores various themes at the intersection of archaeology and philosophy: inference and theory; interdisciplinary connections; cognition, language and normativity; and ethical issues. Showcasing this heterogeneity, its scope ranges from the method of analogical inference to the evolution of the human mind; from conceptual issues in assessing the health of past populations to the ethics of cultural heritage tourism. It probes the archaeological record for evidence of numeracy, curiosity and creativity, and social complexity. Its contributors comprise an interdisciplinary cluster of philosophers, archaeologists, anthropologists, and psychologists, from a variety of career stages, of whom many are leading experts in their fields. Chapter 3 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
How Flying Bees Pilot, and other arthropod wonders
After publishing, with Ted Bullock, the two-volume work on Invertebrate Neurobiology, in 1962 Adrian selected a new topic, and built up a group at St Andrews (and later at the Australian National University), specializing in the optics, neuron anatomy and electrophysiology of the arthropod compound eye, which offered a wide variety of topics.Neuron anatomy of insect visual systems was a classical study in the early 20th century, but yielded few explanations of how nerve cells, fibres, and their connections could explain anything. The electrophysiology began in mid-century as a novelty and generated a great deal of interesting biophysics of neurons, and their membranes and synapses (useful for medical sciences), but few explanations of the origin of behavioural patterns. The problem was that recordings were of the activity, but the meanings of the messages in the neurons were not revealed except in the peripheral sensory systems. By 1990, interest had shifted to the perception of colour and recognition of place by the honeybee, which is easily trained to return to a target. This analysis revealed a small number of responsible feature detectors that together revealed the nature of the messages, but not which neurons were active. However, we could explain how honeybees recognize, distinguish, and learn places, including foraging places.The final step, which is now progressively rolled out in this account of recent discoveries, is the innate detection and analysis of the honeybee's own three-dimensional surroundings, without reward, to detect the positions of surrounding objects from the relative motions caused by parallax as the bees themselves move in flight. This leads to an explanation of the amazing resolution and vast number of axes of the insect eye.These results further illustrate the advantage of sticking on one natural system or family of research efforts, and become deeply embedded in related topics, because it takes a persistent effort to understand the antiintuitive natural world.More information is available on my website: www.adrian-horridge.org
West Cumbria Mining
The politics of fuel laid bare...Walk at dusk with the ghosts of John Clare, Orwell and Chatwin into the contours of a censored past and a rapidly decaying present. A cost of living crisis that has been controlling and crippling the edgelands for decades.Developing the deep research and emotion of Boundary Songs, the focus here is on the fractured terrain of Whitehaven and echoes the restless narrator of Sebald's Rings of Saturn, who connects a paper-laden office with a distant childhood, 'to gather into itself the pallor of the fading light'.
Scientific Representation
This Element presents a philosophical exploration of the notion of scientific representation. It does so by focussing on an important class of scientific representations, namely scientific models. Models are important in the scientific process because scientists can study a model to discover features of reality. But what does it mean for something to represent something else? This is the question discussed in this Element. The authors begin by disentangling different aspects of the problem of representation and then discuss the dominant accounts in the philosophical literature: the resemblance view and inferentialism. They find them both wanting and submit that their own preferred option, the so-called DEKI account, not only eschews the problems that beset these conceptions, but further provides a comprehensive answer to the question of how scientific representation works. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Innovating STEM Education
In recent years, there has been a focus on promoting the uptake of STEM subjects in schools. This has been driven by the need to ensure that young people gain the knowledge and skills essential to help them participate in a society in which mathematics, science and technology are increasingly important. Nevertheless, reform efforts, including curriculum development, have treated the STEM subjects mostly in isolation. Recognizing that efforts for education within each individual STEM discipline would encourage a wide range of conservations about different important aspects of teaching and learning, this conference considered the potential benefits and challenges for the integration of various STEM's characteristics into education. In order to prepare students to address the problems of our society, it is necessary to provide them with opportunities to understand these problems through rich, engaging and powerful experiences that integrate the disciplines of STEM.This volume contains selected papers presented at the Hellenic Conferences "Innovating STEM education -HiSTEM 2016 and 2018" organized by the Postgraduate Program "Interdisciplinary Approach on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in Education -STEM Education" (stemeducation.upatras.gr). The first eleven papers were presented at the HiSTEM 2016 Conference and the last six papers at the HiSTEM 2018 Conference. These papers were selected after a peer review process from the conferences' submitted papers. The conferences provided a platform for dissemination of best practices in teaching and learning STEM in Greece and also inspired and empowered STEM educators to improve teaching quality, to increase engagement in STEM education and career pathways, to connect students with real life industry relevancy and to drive creativity, inquiry-based learning, problem-solving and project-based learning.
Karl Popper
Karl R. Popper is widely regarded as one of the most influential 20th century philosophers. In this new biography, Weinert provides a comprehensive and accessible account of his life and work, also addressing Popper's role as a public intellectual. Drawing on a wide range of sources and interviews with former colleagues and collaborators, he recounts not only the wide interest from the scientific community, but also the inspiration that politicians took from Popper's work. The book surveys the vast and varied intellectual landscape of Popper's philosophical journey during his long career: from the natural and social sciences (physics, evolution, sociology) to political philosophy and the philosophy of mind. It pays significant attention to Popper's critical method - i.e., the notion that ideas and institutions should be exposed to rigorous tests - the approach that led him to a fervent defence of objectivity, rationality and realism, against all forms of irrationalism, as well as a passionate advocacy of freedom, social justice and liberal democracy, against all forms of authoritarianism. The book brings Popper into focus as a modern Enlightenment philosopher.
Equity in Stem Education Research
1 Intersectional Identities in the Geosciences.- 2 Youths' Sense-Making and Participation in a Sociopolitical Science Unit on Type 2 Diabetes.- 3 Fostering Social Connectedness and Interest in Science Through Sports.- 4 Teacher Candidates and the Equitable, Inclusive Science Classroom.- 5 Re-Envisioning a Literacy-Centered Science Teacher Education in the Shadow of COVID-19: Towards Engagement and Change.- 6 Investigating the Impact of Sociotransformative Constructivism on the Professional Preparation of Pre-Service Science Teachers in Costa Rica.- 7 Designing Science Learning Environments that Support Emergent Multilingual Students to Problematize Electrical Phenomena.- 8 Inequalities in Digital Access and Digital Science Instruction Among Poor Rural Children.- 9 Post-Tenure Confessions of an Early Career Science Education Researcher.- 10 Striving for more: Beyond the Guise of Objectivity and Equality.
Is that Fish in your Tomato?
What is genetic modification? What does it truly mean for us and the world around us? What are the risks and benefits? And, what's more, how does it even work? The facts about GM are few and far between, but opinions from both sides of the debate are vocal and overpowering. Is that Fish in your Tomato? is a beacon through the noise, explaining the origins and science behind GM, the environmental uncertainties and the public health concerns which have opponents worried. No stone is left unturned in Nesbit's quest to explore the fact and fiction of genetic modification. In the process, she has created the quintessential, scientificallyinformed guide to understanding the subject.
A Practical Guide to Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Biosciences
