The Causal Structure of Natural Selection
Recent arguments concerning the nature of causation in evolutionary theory, now often known as the debate between the 'causalist' and 'statisticalist' positions, have involved answers to a variety of independent questions - definitions of key evolutionary concepts like natural selection, fitness, and genetic drift; causation in multi-level systems; or the nature of evolutionary explanations, among others. This Element offers a way to disentangle one set of these questions surrounding the causal structure of natural selection. Doing so allows us to clearly reconstruct the approach that some of these major competing interpretations of evolutionary theory have to this causal structure, highlighting particular features of philosophical interest within each. Further, those features concern problems not exclusive to the philosophy of biology. Connections between them and, in two case studies, contemporary metaphysics and philosophy of physics demonstrate the potential value of broader collaboration in the understanding of evolution.
Don't Digitise Your Rubbish
The mining industry has a problem. It has worthy aspirations for high technology, digitisation, and a progressive performance culture, but it lacks the necessary operating platform to support and enable this. Despite its many successes in a tough working environment, the industry is experiencing declining productivity, and most businesses struggle to achieve stable, predictable operations and continuous, sustainable improvement. In Don't Digitise Your Rubbish, Andy Sherring explains what lies behind this paradox-why it has occurred; why it is such an important issue right now; what is missing; and how to go about fixing it-presenting a fundamentally better way of setting up operations for short-term and long-term success. Built on Sherring's extensive thought-leadership in this space, this is the mining industry's definitive book about integration and using it as the vehicle for transformational change. It is an essential step for any business aspiring to true operational excellence. And anyone who is planning for a digital future should read this first.
Money-Pump Arguments
Suppose that you prefer A to B, B to C, and C to A. Your preferences violate Expected Utility Theory by being cyclic. Money-pump arguments offer a way to show that such violations are irrational. Suppose that you start with A. Then you should be willing to trade A for C and then C for B. But then, once you have B, you are offered a trade back to A for a small cost. Since you prefer A to B, you pay the small sum to trade from B to A. But now you have been turned into a money pump. You are back to the alternative you started with but with less money. This Element shows how each of the axioms of Expected Utility Theory can be defended by money-pump arguments of this kind. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Yeasts
Since ancient times, yeasts have been used for brewing and breadmaking processes. They now represent a flagship organism for alcoholic fermentation processes. The ubiquity of some yeast species also offers microbiologists a heterologous gene-expression platform, making them a model organism for studying eukaryotes. Yeasts: from Nature to Bioprocesses brings together information about the origin and evolution of yeasts, their ecological relationships, and the main taxonomic groups into a single volume. The book initially explores six significant yeast genera in detailed chapters. The book then delves into the main biotechnological processes in which both prospected and engineered yeasts are successfully employed. Yeasts: from Nature to Bioprocesses, therefore, elucidates the leading role of these single-cell organisms for industrial microbiology in environmental, health, social, and economic terms. This book is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary resource for general readers as well as scholars of all levels who want to know all about yeast microbiology and their industrial applications.
Mom Genes
From the New York Times bestselling author of The Lion in the Living Room comes a fascinating and provocative exploration of the biology of motherhood that "is witty, reassuring, and takes motherhood out of the footnotes and places it front and center--where it belongs" (Louann Brizendine, MD, New York Times bestselling author). Everyone knows how babies are made, but scientists are only just beginning to understand the making of a mother. Mom Genes reveals the hard science behind our tenderest maternal impulses, tackling questions such as why mothers are destined to mimic their own moms (or not), how maternal aggression makes females the world's most formidable creatures, and how a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic can make or break a mom. Weaving the latest research with Abigail Tucker's personal experiences, Mom Genes "is an eye-opening tour through the biology and psychology of a role that is at once utterly ordinary and wondrously strange" (Annie Murphy Paul, author of Origins).
Dreams On The Green
The Seven Mile River Ranch is one of a kind. It is unique in western Wyoming and the western United States. No where else has such an incredible piece of land been preserved in this manner.Through the efforts of its owners and managers it remains an unspoiled and pristine natural wildlife preserve and fishing haven. The ranch contains over seven miles of the famed Green River, a section of Horse Creek and other minor tributaries of the Green River. It has been conserved through conservation easements with strong provisions encouraging its owners to leave the ranch as it exists today.It is also the home to six of the original Green River Rendezvous conducted between 1824-40. This event brought together trappers/mountain men, native Americans and the fur trade companies to trade, barter and celebrate. Thousands upon thousands of participants attended these events on the ranch properties nearly two hundred years ago.The ranch is a beautiful parcel of about 3,300 acres and this book is designed to showcase that beauty and recognize the efforts of the owners to preserve and enhance this treasure for future generations.
Perfect Zero
12 essays on the beauty and utility of zero. "Similar to the slick vacuum of space, which has zero mass and zero density, zero remains deceptively simple. Behind the mask of nothingness there lurks a strange beast full of mystery and wonder."-Perfect Zero, Introduction. Meditation, government, miracles, religion, mathematics, science, entropy, law of attraction and more. 1. The zero used in proper meditation to find perfect mental silence. 2. The zero used to calibrate scientific instruments, and to measure the degree of tyranny in government. 3. The zero found in the humble confidence used to perform miracles and to activate the Law of Attraction. 4. The zero required to neutralize the criminal attitude of "importance." 5. The zero originally found in religious disciplines, before they were corrupted by ego. 6. The zero found in mathematical identities, and how the messy restrictions at this boundary condition may be clues to the nature of spirit, compared to nature. 7. The zero so very much needed in science to remove the types of bias which gave us "Clovis First" dogma, the Valsequillo fiasco, the Climate-Gate emails, and other travesties of anti-science behavior. 8. The zero that can help English recover from the corruption of words used in a very evil agenda discussed by the late David Rockefeller in his Memoirs. 9. The zero that gives hope to life despite the ultimate demise of this physical universe through entropy. 10. The zero that helps us see beyond Einstein's E = mc2. 11. The zero that helps us understand why some can get the Law of Attraction to work, and why so many others, though inspired, fail to make it work. 12. The zero that corrects our understanding about sophisticated concepts brought up by some of history's greatest philosophers.
The Justificatory Force of Experiences
This book offers a phenomenological conception of experiential justification that seeks to clarify why certain experiences are a source of immediate justification and what role experiences play in gaining (scientific) knowledge. Based on the author's account of experiential justification, this book exemplifies how a phenomenological experience-first epistemology can epistemically ground the individual sciences. More precisely, it delivers a comprehensive picture of how we get from epistemology to the foundations of mathematics and physics.The book is unique as it utilizes methods and insights from the phenomenological tradition in order to make progress in current analytic epistemology. It serves as a starting point for re-evaluating the relevance of Husserlian phenomenology to current analytic epistemology and making an important step towards paving the way for future mutually beneficial discussions. This isachieved by exemplifying how current debates can benefit from ideas, insights, and methods we find in the phenomenological tradition.
Learning and Sustaining Agricultural Practices
Introduction: Who are we, and what are we doing?.- Chapter 1. The Superficial Appearances.- Chapter 2. Dialectical Conflicts. Chapter 3. Formal Education vs Learning Cultivation.- Chapter 4. The Historical Development of Education Related to Agriculture in India.- Chapter 5. The Historical Development of Paddy Cultivation.- Chapter 6. A Deeper Understanding of the Process of Doing Paddy Cultivation.- Chapter 7. What is actually happening in formal education?.- Chapter 8. Conclusions and Implications.
Ideal Man REVIVING MASCULINITY
As a result of my podcast and the first book, I often hear people talking about how there are no good men anymore. Femininity too is degrading due to the social Marxism that has invaded our American society. While men are becoming less manly in most measurable ways, women are becoming more traditionally masculine in behavior, and thus, less feminine. Rather than just stand around befuddled by this decline, I chose to attempt to make a manual for men to follow. That's what this is. It's a reasonably complete accounting of what you should be doing as a man. It's a discussion of what has caused this crisis, and a detailed list of exactly how to get your shit together in spite of these factors.
Georges Lema簾tre
Keen to learn but short on time? Get to grips with the life of Georges Lema簾tre in next to no time with this concise guide. 50Minutes.com provides a clear and engaging analysis of the work of Georges Lema簾tre. An unlikely combination of a priest and a physicist who was responsible for the theories of the expansion of the universe and the primeval atom, which today we accept and know collectively as the Big Bang theory, Lema簾tre was not widely credited or recognised for his theories when he first developed them. It was not until the accidental discovery of cosmic radiation many years later that the scientific community finally came to accept this man and his ideas. In just 50 minutes you will: - Understand Georges Lema簾tre's theories of the expansion of the universe and of the primeval atom, now known as the Big Bang theory - Find out about his life and determination to reconcile his Catholic faith with his interest in physics - Learn about the accidental discoveries that eventually led to the confirmation of his theories ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM History & Culture 50MINUTES.COM will enable you to quickly understand the main events, people, conflicts and discoveries from world history that have shaped the world we live in today. Our publications present the key information on a wide variety of topics in a quick and accessible way that is guaranteed to save you time on your journey of discovery.
Finale for B
Finale for B This is the final story in the Symphony for G series set on the far North West coast of Scotland in the Faobhar glen. Finding the support of friends and working out a future for himself and that part of the estate he owns, Sol realises that like in all good communities it is the pulling together that finally counts. There are unexpected allies, beasts in the woods, visitors from across Britain interested in the past, the present and the future of the glen, and of course EPL, the oil giant in control. This is the continued saga of Sol and his introspective life at Bothan Faobhar looking at how the man from the city finally understood the man he wanted to be. It's also a book about Sol attending a wedding.
Small Craft
With graceful rhythms and striking imagery, Janet Edmonds illuminates a fresh perspective on Cape Cod's beauty, exuberance, occasional starkness, and gentle melancholy. If you love the beach, the stars, and nature, you will enjoy this collection of poems.
Carbon-Based Nanotubes
The book covers the chronological development of synthetic approaches to make carbon nanotube mimics. It starts with the breakthrough syntheses reported in 2008 to the most recent methods to make nanobelts and short nanotubes.
The Altruistic Urge
Ordinary people can perform acts of astonishing selflessness, sometimes even putting their lives on the line. A pregnant woman saw a dorsal fin and blood in the water--and dove right in to pull her wounded husband to safety. Remarkably, some even leap into action to save complete strangers: one New York man jumped onto the subway tracks to rescue a boy who had fallen into the path of an oncoming train. Such behavior is not uniquely human. Researchers have found that mother rodents are highly motivated to bring newborn pups--not just their own--back to safety. What do these stories have in common, and what do they reveal about the instinct to protect others? In The Altruistic Urge, Stephanie D. Preston explores how and why we developed a surprisingly powerful drive to help the vulnerable. She argues that the neural and psychological mechanisms that evolved to safeguard offspring also motivate people to save strangers in need of immediate aid. Eye-catching dramatic rescues bear a striking similarity to how other mammals retrieve their young and help explain more mundane forms of support like donating money. Merging extensive interdisciplinary research that spans psychology, neuroscience, neurobiology, and evolutionary biology, Preston develops a groundbreaking model of altruistic responses. Her theory accounts for extraordinary feats of bravery, all-too-common apathy, and everything in between--and it can also be deployed to craft more effective appeals to assist those in need.
Honeybee Anatomy Brought to Life
Honeybee Anatomy Brought to LifeThis book uses photo essays to set out and display the anatomy, internal, external of the honeybee with over 350 detailed micrographs, together with slide images and drawings. Pests and other additional hive activities are also included. It will appeal to anyone interested in this fascinating insect and be particularly valuable to beekeepers studying for their British Beekeepers Association Module 5 examination.About the authorGraham Kingham is a retired mechanical quality engineer who keeps a few hives in Devon. He started looking down the microscope in 2005 at yeast and bacteria in his beer. To further his interest in microscopy and beekeeping he took the British Beekeeping Association microscopy exam and has continued to explore the fascinating world of the honeybee through the lens. His first bee book was dedicated to the male bee, the drone, followed by an anthology about all things bees.
Adventures of Bella and Sara
Adventures of Bella and Sara teaches children about non-renewable resources through the eyes of 4th grade friends, Bella and Sara. The book will also help parents start conversations with their young children, about preserving our natural resources and protecting the environment.
Bayesianism and Scientific Reasoning
This Element explores the Bayesian approach to the logic and epistemology of scientific reasoning. Section 1 introduces the probability calculus as an appealing generalization of classical logic for uncertain reasoning. Section 2 explores some of the vast terrain of Bayesian epistemology. Three epistemological postulates suggested by Thomas Bayes in his seminal work guide the exploration. This section discusses modern developments and defenses of these postulates as well as some important criticisms and complications that lie in wait for the Bayesian epistemologist. Section 3 applies the formal tools and principles of the first two sections to a handful of topics in the epistemology of scientific reasoning: confirmation, explanatory reasoning, evidential diversity and robustness analysis, hypothesis competition, and Ockham's Razor.
The Joy of Science
Quantum physicist, New York Times bestselling author, and BBC host Jim Al-Khalili reveals how 8 lessons from the heart of science can help you get the most out of life Today's world is unpredictable and full of contradictions, and navigating its complexities while trying to make the best decisions is far from easy. The Joy of Science presents 8 short lessons on how to unlock the clarity, empowerment, and joy of thinking and living a little more scientifically. In this brief guide to leading a more rational life, acclaimed physicist Jim Al-Khalili invites readers to engage with the world as scientists have been trained to do. The scientific method has served humankind well in its quest to see things as they really are, and underpinning the scientific method are core principles that can help us all navigate modern life more confidently. Discussing the nature of truth and uncertainty, the role of doubt, the pros and cons of simplification, the value of guarding against bias, the importance of evidence-based thinking, and more, Al-Khalili shows how the powerful ideas at the heart of the scientific method are deeply relevant to the complicated times we live in and the difficult choices we make. Read this book and discover the joy of science. It will empower you to think more objectively, see through the fog of your own preexisting beliefs, and lead a more fulfilling life.
Deleuze, Guattari and the Schizoanalysis of Trans Studies
Putting Deleuze and Guattari's concepts to wide-ranging use, leading trans theorists and activists develop innovative ways of thinking about trans identities, and the processes involved in liberating desires from the gendered ego. The first volume of its kind covers a broad mix of subjects including transecology, corporalities of betweenness, black transversality, toxic masculinity, and transvestism. Led by the overarching concept of schizonalaysis and responding to the need to move beyond the hetero-patriarchy currently dominating both progressive and regressive discourse, Ciara Cremin outlines the potential for radical departure from the status quo concerning gender identity, sex, bodies, and politics. Arguing that trans people are at the forefront of debates on gendered dichotomies as a result of becoming something other than their assigned gender, Cremin and her contributors theorise the possibility of a society which does not rely on gendered forms of oppression for its existence. Deleuze, Guattari and the Schizoanalysis of Trans Studies is an essential, ground-breaking resource for theorists, activists and students interested in trans theory today.
A New Cosmic Race
Masters of Metaphysics and Bio-Essence Love, Light Energy Communication Masters, Energy Potential Magi, Love and Life fulfillment Masters, and those Light Beings awakening! You are now illuminating, transmitting, and streaming forth light fusion in a new standard of consciousness for a new cosmic race; through your free energy mastery of the biology and bio-essence of love and its meta-physics. Divine Self moves life's heart's bio-essence from the human to the soul's light body transition into the spirit's ascended form, and into the stellar/star-sun biosphere, which is a metaphysical or meta-sense form. This stellar star-sun biosphere is an illuminating Heart Sphere of light, which allows you to explore the new infinite unknowns of light fusion, to be lived as stellar beings of light; where you can light-travel, imprint-manifest, and create in your heart awareness instantly. Indeed, your universe's experiment, exploration, discovery, and next journey seeded as one new cosmic race, throughout the cosmos, came from mastery over the bio-essence of grown love. As these new galaxies, worlds, and light universes appear in your awareness, you will realize they are inside your own illuminating star biospheres as your own infinite unknown potentials to experience super-universal light fulfillment; which includes the ascended Divine heart-essence-human prototype you mastered. Your awareness is a base standard of soul heart essence mastery in self-acceptance, self-love, and self- realization, allowing Essence Heart to change atomic-quantum matter in any form of life via light fusion.
This Is Philosophy of Science
A clear and engaging introduction to the philosophy of science, exploring the role of science within the broader framework of human knowledge and engagement with the world What are the central features and advantages of a scientific worldview? Why do even reasonable scientists sometimes disagree with each other? How are scientific methods different than those of other disciplines? Can science provide an objective account of reality? This is Philosophy of Science introduces the most important philosophical issues that arise within the empirical sciences. Requiring no previous background in philosophy, this reader-friendly volume covers topics ranging from traditional questions about the nature of explanation and the confirmation of theories to practical issues concerning the design of physical experiments and modeling. Incisive and accessible chapters with relevant case-studies and informative illustrations examine the function of thought experiments, discuss the realism/anti-realism debate, explore probability and theory testing, and address more challenging topics such as emergentism, measurement theory, and the manipulationist account of causation. Describes key philosophical concepts and their application in the empirical sciences Highlights past and present philosophical debates within the field Features numerous illustrations, real-world examples, and references to additional resources Includes a companion website with self-assessment exercises and instructor-only test banks Part of Wiley-Blackwell's popular This Is Philosophy series, This is Philosophy of Science: An Introduction is an excellent textbook for STEM students with interest in the conceptual foundations of their disciplines, undergraduate philosophy majors, and general readers looking for an easy-to-read overview of the subject.
Contested Mountains
Contested Mountains is an historical study of the extraordinary changes in attitudes to Nature and the use of land in the Cairngorms region since 1880. The study looks at early visitor perceptions of the region and the history of rights of way disputes in the area. It also presents an environmental history of the osprey in Scotland, and the history and development of Glenmore National Forest Park, the Aviemore tourist industry, the Cairngorms National Nature Reserve and the Cairngorms National Park ideal. Contested Mountains is essential reading for anyone interested in the historical background to present-day debates about land-use and access in the Cairngorms.
Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience
The second edition of the seminal work in the field--revised, updated, and extended In Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience, M.R. Bennett and P.M.S. Hacker outline and address the conceptual confusions encountered in various neuroscientific and psychological theories. The result of a collaboration between an esteemed philosopher and a distinguished neuroscientist, this remarkable volume presents an interdisciplinary critique of many of the neuroscientific and psychological foundations of modern cognitive neuroscience. The authors point out conceptual entanglements in a broad range of major neuroscientific and psychological theories--including those of such neuroscientists as Blakemore, Crick, Damasio, Dehaene, Edelman, Gazzaniga, Kandel, Kosslyn, LeDoux, Libet, Penrose, Posner, Raichle and Tononi, as well as psychologists such as Baar, Frith, Glynn, Gregory, William James, Weiskrantz, and biologists such as Dawkins, Humphreys, and Young. Confusions arising from the work of philosophers such as Dennett, Chalmers, Churchland, Nagel and Searle are subjected to detailed criticism. These criticisms are complemented by constructive analyses of the major cognitive, cogitative, emotional and volitional attributes that lie at the heart of cognitive neuroscientific research. Now in its second edition, this groundbreaking work has been exhaustively revised and updated to address current issues and critiques. New discussions offer insight into functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the notions of information and representation, conflict monitoring and the executive, minimal states of consciousness, integrated information theory and global workspace theory. The authors also reply to criticisms of the fundamental arguments posed in the first edition, defending their conclusions regarding mereological fallacy, the necessity of distinguishing between empirical and conceptual questions, the mind-body problem, and more. Essential as both a comprehensive reference work and as an up-to-date critical review of cognitive neuroscience, this landmark volume: Provides a scientifically and philosophically informed survey of the conceptual problems in a wide variety of neuroscientific theories Offers a clear and accessible presentation of the subject, minimizing the use of complex philosophical and scientific jargon Discusses how the ways the brain relates to the mind affect the intelligibility of neuroscientific research Includes fresh insights on mind-body and mind-brain relations, and on the relation between the notion of person and human being Features more than 100 new pages and a wealth of additional diagrams, charts, and tables Continuing to challenge and educate readers like no other book on the subject, the second edition of Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience is required reading not only for neuroscientists, psychologists, and philosophers, but also for academics, researchers, and students involved in the study of the mind and consciousness.
The Ultimate ENGAA Collection
Want to know how to improve your ENGAA score and get into Cambridge? From UniAdmissions, the UK's leading Oxbridge and Medical Admissions company, The Ultimate ENGAA Collection contains THREE of our bestselling ENGAA books in ONE volume, giving you the best and most fully comprehensive guide to your revision, practice, and ENGAA success.Engineering at Cambridge is one of the university's most competitive subjects, with a success rate of less than 15%. The Engineering Admissions Assessment is notoriously difficult test, testing your knowledge of Maths and Physics, as well as pitting you against complex scientific problems that combine knowledge from both, and all within a tight time limit. Your score in the ENGAA can make or break your application, as it tests all the skills that admissions departments look for in a top medical student. Therefore, it's essential to score as highly as possible on this crucial exam.Written by ENGAA specialists and top medical tutors, and full of insider knowledge and tips, The Ultimate ENGAA Collection is designed to help you make the most of your preparation, approach the test with confidence, and get those top scores. The Ultimate ENGAA Guide - contains comprehensive information about the Engineering Admissions Assessment (ENGAA), including tips, techniques and strategies to save you time and maximise your scores. Covers each of the three sections in detail, and prepares you for all question types that you'll face in the exam, and how to approach them successfully, including sample essays. Also includes 400 questions and fully worked solutions so you can practice your skills and understand how to improve.ENGAA Practice Papers - contains mock papers updated for 2020 entry: with fully worked solutions to help you improve your scores.ENGAA Worked Solutions - clear, thorough, and extensive solutions to all the past papers, written by experts, providing worked solutions and sample answers to ensure you can put your learning into practice.Hungry for more? Visit the Uni Admissions website for even more admissions test tips, personal statement resources, and application support.
Debates in Science Education
This fully revised second edition of Debates in Science Education explores the major issues that science teachers encounter in teaching their subject, encouraging the reader to make their own informed judgements and argue their point of view with deeper theoretical knowledge and understanding.
Making Sense of AI
Industrial robots, self-driving cars, customer-service chatbots and Google's algorithmic predictions have brought the topic of artificial intelligence into public debate. Why is AI the source of such intense controversy and what are its economic, political, social and cultural consequences? Tracing the changing fortunes of artificial intelligence, Elliott develops a systematic account of how automated intelligent machines impact different spheres and aspects of public and private life. Among the issues discussed are the automation of workforces, surveillance capitalism, warfare and lethal autonomous weapons, the spread of racist robots and the automation of social inequalities. Elliott also considers the decisive role of AI in confronting global risks and social futures, including global pandemics such as COVID-19, and how smart algorithms are impacting the search for energy security and combating climate change. Making Sense of AI provides a judiciously comprehensive account of artificial intelligence for those with little or no previous knowledge of the topic. It will be an invaluable book both for students in the social sciences and humanities and for general readers.
Time and Beauty: Why Time Flies and Beauty Never Dies
Time and beauty are two of our most visceral perceptions. Yet, their nature is seldom questioned. In this ground-breaking new work, Adrian Bejan -- a true 'original' among physicists -- explains, in a scholarly yet colorful style, the scientific basis for the perception of time and beauty.Organized into three main ideas, the book begins first with the perception of time. The author expounds on why we feel that time flies faster as we get older. Perceived time, also called 'mind time, ' is different from clock time. In this context, time is another word for 'perceived change'. Next, readers will discover that beauty is appealing because beautifully-shaped images are scanned faster by two eyes. To observe our immediate surroundings and to understand them faster is highly advantageous to survival; hence, there is an underlying evolutionary advantage to our discernment for ideal ratios, shapes, and beauty at large. Finally, time and beauty are jointly understood to explain why the global pandemic had decelerated our mind time. This understanding arms us with techniques to slow down our mind time (which accelerates with age), and to create the conditions for living longer and more creatively.Scientists may have contemplated aspects of time and beauty separately. In contrast, the author submits an original and rewarding approach to understanding them together. In the process, key questions to our cognition are answered. Why does the mind 'try' to make sense of a new mental image? Why is there a natural tendency to organize a new input and mentally position it among past perceptions? Through physics, the book offers a general answer: to empower the individual with speed and clarity of thought, understanding, decision-making and movement. The same answer holds for the other disparate perceptions illustrated in this book, from time and beauty to ideas, message, shape, perspective, art, science, illusions, and dreams.
Time and Beauty: Why Time Flies and Beauty Never Dies
Time and beauty are two of our most visceral perceptions. Yet, their nature is seldom questioned. In this ground-breaking new work, Adrian Bejan -- a true 'original' among physicists -- explains, in a scholarly yet colorful style, the scientific basis for the perception of time and beauty.Organized into three main ideas, the book begins first with the perception of time. The author expounds on why we feel that time flies faster as we get older. Perceived time, also called 'mind time, ' is different from clock time. In this context, time is another word for 'perceived change'. Next, readers will discover that beauty is appealing because beautifully-shaped images are scanned faster by two eyes. To observe our immediate surroundings and to understand them faster is highly advantageous to survival; hence, there is an underlying evolutionary advantage to our discernment for ideal ratios, shapes, and beauty at large. Finally, time and beauty are jointly understood to explain why the global pandemic had decelerated our mind time. This understanding arms us with techniques to slow down our mind time (which accelerates with age), and to create the conditions for living longer and more creatively.Scientists may have contemplated aspects of time and beauty separately. In contrast, the author submits an original and rewarding approach to understanding them together. In the process, key questions to our cognition are answered. Why does the mind 'try' to make sense of a new mental image? Why is there a natural tendency to organize a new input and mentally position it among past perceptions? Through physics, the book offers a general answer: to empower the individual with speed and clarity of thought, understanding, decision-making and movement. The same answer holds for the other disparate perceptions illustrated in this book, from time and beauty to ideas, message, shape, perspective, art, science, illusions, and dreams.
The Slickrock Desert
IBPA Benjamin Franklin Award Silver MedalistTHE SLICKROCK DESERT is the story of a land unlike any other on earth. Come with author Stephen W. Hinch as he explores the mesas and the canyons of the Four Corners Region of the American Southwest-the Slickrock Desert. Along the way you will discover its history, natural history, geology, ecology, and what we know of its earliest inhabitants. And you will revel in its beauty in a series of inspiring photographs. But all is not well in this magnificent land. You will also learn of the threats from those who would destroy it forever for short-term gain, and of the work being done by dedicated individuals and groups to protect it. It is a story every lover of the American wilderness needs to know.
Scientific Realism
Scientific Realism edited by Jarrett Leplin assembles a landmark debate over whether--and how--science tells us what the world is really like. Opening with Hilary Putnam's "no-miracles" provocation, Leplin frames ten characteristic realist theses (about approximate truth, reference, success, progress, and literal construal) and then immediately problematizes consensus: realists disagree on which theses they can jointly endorse. The introduction spotlights two pressure points. First, the historical challenge: theory change in mature sciences looks discontinuous, threatening referential stability and suggesting that empirical success underdetermines belief about unobservables. Second, the explanatory challenge: even true (or "approximately true") theories might fail empirically for auxiliary-assumption reasons, while false ones might succeed by luck or fit; thus abductive "inference to the best explanation" either begs the question for realism or renders realism explanatorily superfluous. Leplin sketches realist replies--causal theories of reference, nuanced accounts of approximation, and cumulativist readings of history--and also urges a methodological defense: certain scientific practices are unintelligible absent realist commitments. Across the volume, contributors develop these lines with distinctive emphases. Putnam defends realism via method's success and reference-preserving continuity; McMullin proposes progress through fertile metaphors that survive conceptual turnover; Leplin advances explanationist realism anchored in independent markers of progress. Method-first strategies include Levin (against instrumentalism's content thinness), Glymour (comparative explanation and reference), Laymon (idealization and confirmation), Boyd (mature methodology's reliability implying realism), and Hacking (experimentation's autonomy underwriting entity realism). Powerful antirealist countermoves come from Laudan (historical rebuttal to theses on truth, reference, and success), van Fraassen (empirical adequacy over truth; underdetermination), and Fine, whose "natural ontological attitude" rejects metaphysical add-ons while preserving scientific inference. The result is a meticulous cartography of positions and problems, showing that realism's fate hinges as much on philosophy of reference and confirmation as on sober readings of science's past and present. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1984.
Scientific Realism
Scientific Realism edited by Jarrett Leplin assembles a landmark debate over whether--and how--science tells us what the world is really like. Opening with Hilary Putnam's "no-miracles" provocation, Leplin frames ten characteristic realist theses (about approximate truth, reference, success, progress, and literal construal) and then immediately problematizes consensus: realists disagree on which theses they can jointly endorse. The introduction spotlights two pressure points. First, the historical challenge: theory change in mature sciences looks discontinuous, threatening referential stability and suggesting that empirical success underdetermines belief about unobservables. Second, the explanatory challenge: even true (or "approximately true") theories might fail empirically for auxiliary-assumption reasons, while false ones might succeed by luck or fit; thus abductive "inference to the best explanation" either begs the question for realism or renders realism explanatorily superfluous. Leplin sketches realist replies--causal theories of reference, nuanced accounts of approximation, and cumulativist readings of history--and also urges a methodological defense: certain scientific practices are unintelligible absent realist commitments. Across the volume, contributors develop these lines with distinctive emphases. Putnam defends realism via method's success and reference-preserving continuity; McMullin proposes progress through fertile metaphors that survive conceptual turnover; Leplin advances explanationist realism anchored in independent markers of progress. Method-first strategies include Levin (against instrumentalism's content thinness), Glymour (comparative explanation and reference), Laymon (idealization and confirmation), Boyd (mature methodology's reliability implying realism), and Hacking (experimentation's autonomy underwriting entity realism). Powerful antirealist countermoves come from Laudan (historical rebuttal to theses on truth, reference, and success), van Fraassen (empirical adequacy over truth; underdetermination), and Fine, whose "natural ontological attitude" rejects metaphysical add-ons while preserving scientific inference. The result is a meticulous cartography of positions and problems, showing that realism's fate hinges as much on philosophy of reference and confirmation as on sober readings of science's past and present. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1984.
Cognitive Mapping for Problem-Based and Inquiry Learning
This book studies how to improve problem-based and inquiry-based learning by incorporating cognitive maps.
The Science of Story
The Science of Story by Adrea L. Peters Always a Dream, Always Rejection of It.Always help Arrives, Always Triumph, Always Transition, Always a New Dream Begins.That. Is. Story.Every, Single. Time
Subtract
"You need to read this book." --Adam Grant, #1 New York Times bestselling author "A great book changes the world you live in, revealing mysteries you didn't even know were there. This is a great book." --Sendhil Mullainathan, MacArthur fellow and author of Scarcity Blending behavioral science and design, Leidy Klotz's Subtract offers a scientific appreciation of why we underuse subtraction--and how to access its untapped potential. We pile on "to-dos" but don't consider "stop-doings." We create incentives for good behavior, but don't get rid of obstacles to it. We collect new-and-improved ideas, but don't prune the outdated ones. Every day, across challenges big and small, we neglect a basic way to make things better: we don't subtract. Klotz's pioneering research shows us what is true whether we're building Lego models, cities, grilled-cheese sandwiches, or strategic plans: Our minds tend to add before taking away, and this is holding us back. But we have a choice--our blind spot need not go on taking its toll. Subtract arms us with the science of less and empowers us to revolutionize our day-to-day lives and shift how we move through the world. More or less.
Fundamentality and Grounding
A suite of questions concerning fundamentality lies at the heart of contemporary metaphysics. The relation of grounding, thought to connect the more to the less fundamental, sits at the heart of those debates in turn. Since most contemporary metaphysicians embrace the doctrine of physicalism and thus hold that reality is fundamentally physical, a natural question is how physics can inform the current debates over fundamentality and grounding. This Element introduces the reader to the concept of grounding and some of the key issues that animate contemporary debates around it, such as the question of whether grounding is 'unified' or 'plural' and whether there exists a fundamental level of reality. It moves on to show how resources from physics can help point the way towards their answers - thus furthering the case for a naturalistic approach to even the most fundamental of questions in metaphysics.
Nourishing Waters, Comforting Sky
2023 Nebraska Book Award In the Nebraska Sandhills, ranchers on horseback and in pickup trucks share the range with pronghorn antelope, burrowing owls, and long-billed curlews. The native grasses grow greener as the cattle grow fatter. Throughout the region, river otters and mink swim in streams nourished by springs bubbling up from the High Plains (Ogallala) aquifer. Over years of close observation, Stephen R. Jones has gotten to know the Nebraska Sandhills--the twenty-thousand-square-mile expanse of stunning prairie and thriving wetlands. He has felt the warm breath of a white-tailed doe guarding her spotted fawn, learned to communicate with a family of long-eared owls, and developed an improbable hiking relationship with a wild turkey. He has documented a breeding bird population that is growing more diverse and witnessed the long-awaited return of nesting trumpeter swans. These personal stories, accompanied by words of insight from Native American leaders, Sandhills ranchers, and grassland ecologists, help us envision a quiet relationship with the natural world.
Surface Characterization Techniques
This book covers 10 surface characterization techniques divided into three sections. The first section covers the theoretical background, instrumentation and their salient features and a general understanding behind the results. The second section delves into deeper discussion of every terminology and concept. The third section is composed of 5 sets of examples from different research papers for every technique.
Stay Curious and Keep Exploring
NATIONAL BESTSELLER From the host of Netflix's Emily's Wonder Lab and FOX's Xploration Outer Space comes a book featuring 50 experiments that introduce the wonders of science to the whole family. MIT engineer Emily Calandrelli shares the science behind each experiment while showing you where to find STEAM concepts in the world around you. You'll learn how to think like a scientist with Make a Hypothesis! and Try This! prompts, where you can experiment within the experiment. With Calandrelli's expert guidance, illustrations throughout, and easy-to-find grocery items, you can make: An alien hovercraft to learn how an air hockey table works Glow-in-the-dark paint to learn about ultraviolet light Delicious ice cream to learn about supercooling Oobleck to learn why ketchup is so hard to get out of the bottle Grab your goggles and a family member to get started on a journey to spark curiosity, critical thinking, and fun family times! SUPER FUN SCIENCE EXPERIMENT BOOK: With chapters like Magic Tricks, Kitchen Science, and Fun with Physics, this book is packed with experiments that will delight little scientists and their lab assistants. FOR SCIENCE KIDS & NON-SCIENCE KIDS: For anyone who loves to try out kitchen science or STEM experiments at home, this book is brimming with ideas. Bill Nye the Science Guy says, "Here are 50, count 'em, 50 home experiments you can count on. Each is a crowd, or home experimenter, pleaser." GREAT FOR SCIENCE FAIR & HOMESCHOOL CURRICULUM: A must-have for parents and homeschool educators! Colorful illustrations accompany every experiment, along with instructions and materials you'll need to get started, sections to record notes, and real-life examples connecting your STEAM experiment to the world around you. There are also fascinating facts about important people to know in science history. Perfect for: Fans of Emily Calandrelli and her TV popular shows and Instagram Kids and families who love to have fun with science Birthday, Christmas, Chanukah, graduation, or summer activity gift for young learners Readers of books about important women in science and popular best sellers like Ada Twist, Scientist and Emily Calandrelli's Ada Lace Adventure series
The Brain and Pain
Pain is an inevitable part of existence, but severe debilitating or chronic pain is a pathological condition that diminishes the quality of life. The Brain and Pain explores the present and future of pain management, providing a comprehensive understanding based on the latest discoveries from many branches of neuroscience. Richard Ambron--the former director of a neuroscience lab that conducted leading research in this field--explains the science of how and why we feel pain. He describes how the nervous system and brain process information that leads to the experience of pain, detailing the cellular and molecular functions that are responsible for the initial perceptions of an injury. He discusses how pharmacological agents such as opiates affect the duration and intensity of pain. Ambron examines new evidence showing that discrete circuits in the brain modulate the experience of pain in response to a placebo, fear, anxiety, belief, or other circumstances, as well as how pain can be relieved by activating these circuits using mindfulness training and other nonpharmacological treatments. The book also evaluates the prospects of procedures such as deep brain stimulation and optogenetics. Current and thorough, The Brain and Pain will be invaluable for a range of people seeking to understand their options for treatment as well as students in neuroscience and medicine.
On Task
A look at the extraordinary ways the brain turns thoughts into actions-and how this shapes our everyday lives Why is it hard to text and drive at the same time? How do you resist eating that extra piece of cake? Why does staring at a tax form feel mentally exhausting? Why can your child expertly fix the computer and yet still forget to put on a coat? From making a cup of coffee to buying a house to changing the world around them, humans are uniquely able to execute necessary actions. How do we do it? Or in other words, how do our brains get things done? In On Task, cognitive neuroscientist David Badre presents the first authoritative introduction to the neuroscience of cognitive control-the remarkable ways that our brains devise sophisticated actions to achieve our goals. We barely notice this routine part of our lives. Yet, cognitive control, also known as executive function, is an astonishing phenomenon that has a profound impact on our well-being. Drawing on cutting-edge research, vivid clinical case studies, and examples from daily life, Badre sheds light on the evolution and inner workings of cognitive control. He examines issues from multitasking and willpower to habitual errors and bad decision making, as well as what happens as our brains develop in childhood and change as we age-and what happens when cognitive control breaks down. Ultimately, Badre shows that cognitive control affects just about everything we do. A revelatory look at how billions of neurons collectively translate abstract ideas into concrete plans, On Task offers an eye-opening investigation into the brain's critical role in human behavior.
Public Communication of Research Universities
This book analyses communication of university research institutes, with a focus on science communication. Advancing the 'decentralisation hypothesis', it asserts that communication structures are increasingly built also at 'subordinate unit' levels of research universities.The book presents a cross-country systematic comparison of institutes' communication activities showing ongoing transformations in their communication capabilities and practices. It considers a potential 'arms race' in activities, professionalisation, motivations, and evaluation. Based on empirical evidence from an international study carried out in various countries across Europe, the Americas, and Asia, the book examines the possibilities for civic science communication in this new context. It will be of interest to scholars and students of Communication Studies, STS, and Science Communication as well as to those taking or leading courses in the fields of Sociology, Public Relations, Marketing, Environmental and Risk Communication, Innovation Studies, and Social Psychology. It is an essential resource for funders, practitioners, teachers, and students dealing with science communication and the position of science in society.
Morphosyntactic Issues Second Languagehb
The volume consists of articles on issues relating to the morphosyntactic development of foreign language learners from different L1 backgrounds, in many cases involving languages which are typologically distant from English, such has Polish, Greek and Turkish. It highlights areas which may be expected to be especially transfer-prone at both the interlingual and intralingual levels. The articles in the first part report empirical studies on word morphology and sentence patterns and also look at the interface of lexis and grammar in the discourse and syntactic processing of foreign language learners. The second part elaborates on pedagogical issues concerning the acquisition of difficult grammatical features such as the English article system or the 's' ending in the third person singular. It also comments more generally on the way pedagogic grammar functions in the learning of the L2.
The Material Theory of Induction
The fundamental burden of a theory of inductive inference is to determine which are the good inductive inferences or relations of inductive support and why it is that they are so. The traditional approach is modeled on that taken in accounts of deductive inference. It seeks universally applicable schemas or rules or a single formal device, such as the probability calculus. After millennia of halting efforts, none of these approaches has been unequivocally successful and debates between approaches persist. The Material Theory of Induction identifies the source of these enduring problems in the assumption taken at the outset: that inductive inference can be accommodated by a single formal account with universal applicability. Instead, it argues that that there is no single, universally applicable formal account. Rather, each domain has an inductive logic native to it.The content of that logic and where it can be applied are determined by the facts prevailing in that domain. Paying close attention to how inductive inference is conducted in science and copiously illustrated with real-world examples, The Material Theory of Induction will initiate a new tradition in the analysis of inductive inference.
