Logic, Epistemology, and Scientific Theories - From Peano to the Vienna Circle
This book provides a collection of chapters on the development of scientific philosophy and symbolic logic in the early twentieth century. The turn of the last century was a key transitional period for the development of symbolic logic and scientific philosophy. The Peano school, the editorial board of the Revue de M矇taphysique et de Morale, and the members of the Vienna Circle are generally mentioned as champions of this transformation of the role of logic in mathematics and in the sciences. The scholarship contained provides a rich historical and philosophical understanding of these groups and research areas. Specifically, the contributions focus on a detailed investigation of the relation between structuralism and modern mathematics. In addition, this book provides a closer understanding of the relation between symbolic logic and previous traditions such as syllogistics. This volume also informs the reader on the relation between logic, the history and didactics in the Peano School. This edition appeals to students and researchers working in the history of philosophy and of logic, philosophy of science, as well as to researchers on the Vienna Circle and the Peano School.
Making Sense of the Senses
Making Sense of the Senses provides an easily understandable and engaging overview of the senses. The book allows readers insights into how humans and other animals perceive the world, reflecting a level of knowledge similar to that acquired by studying neuroscience at an undergraduate level. In order to offer an accessible introduction to the science, it uses relatable examples to uncover the history, evolution, and biological principles of the way we see, smell, hear, taste, touch and more.Rather than only focusing on the five primary senses you can see on the cover, Making Sense of the Senses dives deep into the various methods through which life across the planet surveys the world, and guides the reader through the lesser-known methods through which we humans interpret our surroundings. In this way, we come across some amazing abilities that we often forget we possess.Humans are nevertheless rather average creatures compared to many sensory specialists. So when we compare our relatively modest capabilities to those of other species across the animal kingdom, we are forced to yield our anthropocentric sense of supremacy. This book will introduce how biological life developed the capacity to detect magnetic fields, radioactivity, and many more phenomena that until recently were inaccessible to humans.By contextualising and comparing how the senses operate, this book covers the sensory systems in a way no popular science book has previously done. If you are starting your career in neuroscience, or simply want to learn more about the ways our biology guides us through life, Making Sense of the Senses will change the way you think about our perception of the world.
Kuhn's the Structure of Scientific Revolutions at 60
Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions has sold more than one million copies since its publication in 1962, is one of the most cited academic books of all time, and continues to be read and studied today. This volume of new essays evaluates the significance of Kuhn's classic book in its changing historical context, including its initial reception and its lasting effects. The essays explore the range of ideas which Kuhn made popular with his influential philosophy of science, including paradigms, normal science, paradigm changes, scientific revolutions, and incommensurability; and they also look at less-studied themes in his work, including scientific measurement, science education, and science textbooks. Drawing on the latest scholarship as well as unpublished material in the Thomas Kuhn Archives at MIT, this volume offers a comprehensive way into Kuhn's philosophy and demonstrates the continuing relevance of his ideas for our understanding of science.
Common Diseases Of Farm Animals
"Common Diseases of Farm Animals" by means of R. A. Craig is a definitive and helpful reference paintings within the area of veterinary technological know-how. This complete guide gives critical insights into the fitness and nicely-being of livestock, making it an essential useful resource for farmers, veterinarians, and all and sundry involved in animal husbandry. R. A. Craig's e book covers a extensive range of domesticated animals, which include livestock, horses, sheep, goats, swine, and hen. It meticulously information the diverse sicknesses which could afflict those animals, offering in-depth records on their causes, signs, prevention, and remedy. Craig's writing is marked via its readability and accessibility, making complicated veterinary topics understandable to a broad target market. What units "Common Diseases of Farm Animals" apart is its practical utility. It serves as a essential tool for diagnosing and addressing fitness problems in livestock, thereby contributing to the welfare of animals and the financial success of farming operations. Craig's paintings reflects his dedication to the well-being of cattle and the importance of their fitness in sustainable agriculture. Over the years, this e-book has remained a relied on and broadly used useful resource, standing as a testament to R. A. Craig's know-how in veterinary remedy and his dedication to sharing expertise.
Myths And Marvels Of Astronomy
"Myths and Marvels of Astronomy" is a fascinating paintings authored with the aid of Richard A. Proctor, a prominent 19th-century British astronomer and writer. This ebook takes readers on an enlightening journey thru the fascinating world of astronomy, debunking myths even as revealing the awe-inspiring marvels of the universe. In "Myths and Marvels of Astronomy," Proctor skillfully navigates the intersection of scientific discovery and famous misconceptions approximately the cosmos. He addresses commonplace astronomical misconceptions and superstitions commonplace on the time, offering clean and accessible motives rooted in medical reality. Proctor covers a wide range of topics, from the nature of celestial our bodies and their motions to the mysteries of eclipses and comets. What sets this painting aside is its ability to bridge the distance between scientific rigor and the curiosity of the general reader. Proctor's writing fashion is attractive and accessible, making complicated astronomical concepts understandable to a broader audience. Moreover, he demonstrates the impact of astronomy on subculture, history, and society, highlighting its profound have an effect on on human idea and imagination. "Myths and Marvels of Astronomy" isn't always only a treasured useful resource for astronomy lovers but additionally a testament to Proctor's determination to popularizing science and dispelling misconceptions about the cosmos.
Your Stone Age Brain in the Screen Age
An award-winning neurologist on the Stone-Age roots of our screen addictions, and what to do about them. The human brain hasn't changed much since the Stone Age, let alone in the mere thirty years of the Screen Age. That's why, according to neurologist Richard Cytowic--who, Oliver Sacks observed, "changed the way we think of the human brain"--our brains are so poorly equipped to resist the incursions of Big Tech: They are programmed for the wildly different needs of a prehistoric world. In Your Stone Age Brain in the Screen Age, Cytowic explains exactly how this programming works--from the brain's point of view. What he reveals in this book shows why we are easily addicted to screen devices; why young, developing brains are particularly vulnerable; why we need silence; and what we can do to push back. In the engaging storytelling style of his popular TED Talk, Cytowic draws an easily comprehensible picture of the Stone Age brain's workings--the function of neurotransmitters like dopamine in basic instincts for survival such as desire and reward; the role of comparison in emotion, and emotion in competition; and, most significantly, the orienting reflex, one of the unconscious circuits that automatically focus, shift, and sustain attention. Given this picture, the nature of our susceptibility to digital devices becomes clear, along with the possibility of how to break their spell. Full of practical actions that we can start taking right away, Your Stone Age Brain in the Screen Age offers compelling evidence that we can change the way we use technology, resist its addictive power over us, and take back the control we have lost.
Portraits Of Coastal Commerce
"Pictures of Beach front Business" catches the quintessence of the unpredictable and clamoring universe of ocean ports, furnishing perusers with a striking embroidery of sea exchange and industry. In this investigation, the book digs into the different pictures painted by the beach front ports, each portraying an extraordinary story of trade, network, and worldwide trade. The story of "Pictures of Waterfront Business" unfurls against the background of dynamic seascapes, where gigantic vessels, weighed down with freight from far off shores, explore through the rhythmic movement of worldwide exchange. The book enlightens the meaning of these ports as crucial hubs in the worldwide monetary organization, filling in as conductors for the trading of merchandise, societies, and thoughts. Through careful narrating, the book acquaints perusers with the characters that populate these clamoring beach front centers - the stevedores working enthusiastically on the docks, the skippers arranging the many-sided artful dance of sea traffic, and the traders took part in dealings that rise above borders. Every representation exemplifies the human part of waterfront trade, depicting the versatility, assurance, and kinship that characterize the oceanic local area.The waterfront ports themselves arise as focal characters in the story. "Pictures of Beach front Business" welcomes perusers to investigate the structural wonders of these ports, from transcending cranes dumping transporting holders to broad stockrooms putting away a horde of items anticipating conveyance. The ports, such as living substances, revive the beach front districts, forming the monetary scenes and cultivating a harmonious relationship with the networks they serve. The book's investigation of beach front business stretches out past the actual framework, diving into the mechanical advancements that have changed these ports into centers of effectiveness and maintainability. Perusers witness the coordination of state of the art advancements, for example, computerized holder dealing with and blockchain in strategies, which smooth out tasks and upgrade the general effectiveness of worldwide exchange. "Pictures of Beach front Business" likewise disentangles the natural effect of sea exchange, recognizing the sensitive harmony between financial flourishing and biological obligation. The book reveals insight into drives inside seaside ports pointed toward lessening carbon impressions, taking on environmentally friendly power energy arrangements, and carrying out reasonable practices that line up with the protection of marine biological systems. At last, the story woven in "Pictures of Seaside Business" is one of interconnectedness - a festival of the different countenances and stories that add to the energy of oceanic exchange. The book welcomes perusers on an excursion across the oceans, where the representations of seaside business wake up, displaying the strength, development, and joint effort that characterize these fundamental doors to the world. In its investigation, the book uncovers that behind each holder stacked on a boat and each exchange directed at a port lies a story of human undertaking and a representation of beach front business painted with strokes of globalization and interconnectedness.
Asymmetries In Time
Time is generally thought to be one of the more mysterious ingredients of the universe. In this intriguing book, Paul Horwich makes precise and explicit the interrelationships between time and a large number of philosophically important notions. Ideas of temporal order and priority interact in subtle and convoluted ways with the deepest elements in our network of basic concepts. Confronting this conceptual jigsaw puzzle, Horwich notes that there are glaring differences in how we regard the past and future directions of time. For example, we can influence the future but not the past, and can easily gain knowledge of the past but not of the future. Moreover we see a profusion of decay processes but little spontaneous generation of order; time appears to "flow" in one privileged direction, not the other; and we tend to explain phenomena in terms of antecedent circumstances, rather than subsequent ones. Horwich explains such time asymmetries and examines their bearing on the nature of time itself. Asymmetries in Time covers many notoriously difficult problems in the philosophy of science: causation, knowledge, entropy, explanation, time travel, rational choice (including Newcomb's problem), laws of nature, and counterfactual implication--and gives a unified treatment of these matters. The book covers an unusually broad range of topics in a lucid and nontechnical way and includes alternative points of view in the philosophical literature.
Urban Biodiversity
Kiviat and MacDonald delve into the considerable biodiversity of an ecologically battered urban-industrial region, addressing wild species from lichens to mammals. The results will help decision makers foster wildlife and plants that can cope with urban conditions and will aid in reducing loss of biodiversity in urbanizing areas.
Folkbiology
The term "folkbiology" refers to people's everyday understanding of the biological world--how they perceive, categorize, and reason about living kinds. The study of folkbiology not only sheds light on human nature, it may ultimately help us make the transition to a global economy without irreparably damaging the environment or destroying local cultures.This book takes an interdisciplinary approach, bringing together the work of researchers in anthropology, cognitive and developmental psychology, biology, and philosophy of science. The issues covered include: Are folk taxonomies a first-order approximation to classical scientific taxonomies, or are they driven more directly by utilitarian concerns? How are these category schemes linked to reasoning about natural kinds? Is there any nontrivial sense in which folk-taxonomic structures are universal? What impact does science have on folk taxonomy? Together, the chapters present the current foundations of folkbiology and indicate new directions in research.ContributorsScott Atran, Terry Kit-fong Au, Brent Berlin, K. David Bishop, John D. Coley, Jared Diamond, John Dupr矇, Roy Ellen, Susan A. Gelman, Michael T. Ghiselin, Grant Gutheil, Giyoo Hatano, Lawrence A. Hirschfeld, David L. Hull, Eugene Hunn, Kayoko Inagaki, Frank C. Keil, Daniel T. Levin, Elizabeth Lynch, Douglas L. Medin, Julia Beth Proffitt, Bethany A. Richman, Laura F. Romo, Sandra R. Waxman
Theory and Practice in the Interdisciplinary Production and Reproduction of Scientific Knowledge
This book addresses the urgent need for a large and systematic analysis of current interdisciplinary (ID) research and practice. It demonstrates how ID is essentially a cognitive phenomenon, something different from the frivolous and inconsequential attempt of trying to overcome the disciplinary competencies and exigencies. By ID, the authors show that it is a manifestation of the transversal rationality that underlies current scientific activity. It is the very progress of specialized disciplines that requires interdisciplinary new research practices and new forms of articulation between domains, something that has a strong impact on the traditional disciplinary structure of scientific and educational institutions. Divided into two parts, the book presents a conceptual framework as well as several case studies on ID practices. The book aims at covering three main themes. It contributes to the stabilization of ID meaning and characterizes the main ID theorizations which have been proposed until now. It builds an innovative and broad understanding of the several ID determinations as an essentially cognitive phenomenon and of its institutional implications at the level of disciplinary structures and curricular organization. Finally, it distinguishes and maps the diversity of ID procedures and practices which are being used and tested by contemporary scientific and educational institutions. This book is addressed to philosophers, scientists and every one interested in science production and reproduction, including science teaching.
Mindmade Politics
How integrating cognitive theories and international relations scholarship can yield valuable insights into the effectiveness of climate negotiations. Mindmade Politics takes a novel, interdisciplinary approach to understanding the complex and contentious dynamics of global climate politics. Manjana Milkoreit argues that integrating cognitive theories and international relations scholarship can yield valuable insights into multilateral cooperation (or the lack of it) on climate change and the process of negotiating climate agreements. Milkoreit argues that cognition is at the root of all political behavior and decision making. Some of the most important variables of international relations scholarship--the motivations of political actors--are essentially cognitive variables. Drawing on interviews with participants in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Milkoreit examines the thoughts, beliefs, and emotions of individuals and groups, focusing on the mental mechanisms connecting decision-relevant factors and observed political behavior. Milkoreit offers a brief introduction to international relations theory and key insights regarding the politics of climate change; outlines the basic cognitive theories and concepts that she applies in her analysis, discussing the cognitive challenges of climate change; and describes the integrated methodological approach she used for her cognitive-political analysis. She presents four cognitive-affective lessons for global change politics, including the "cognitive triangle" of three major concerns of climate negotiators--threat, identity, and justice--and she identifies six major belief systems driving negotiators. Finally, she offers guidance for climate governance based on her findings. Utilizing recent advances in cognitive science, Milkoreit builds a theoretical bridge between two major disciplines that will benefit both scholars and practitioners.
Alternative Approaches to Causation
Causation is one of the most controversial topics in philosophy. There is a wide range of philosophical accounts of causation, for example, the regularity account, the probabilistic account, the counterfactual account, the interventionist account, which can be all classified as 'difference-making' accounts; and the mechanistic account. Many argue that only one of these accounts is correct as there is only one type of causal relation (causal monism), while others maintain that there are multiple types of causation (causal pluralism). In addition, there are eliminativists argue that science has no need of causation at all, while primitivists maintain that causation is unanalysable. Recently, the difference-making and mechanistic approaches have dominated recent philosophical discussion of causation. Other approaches and positions have been insufficiently discussed and assessed, especially in the context of philosophy of science. This volume explores and examines alternative approaches to causation. It revisits causal primitivism and causal eliminativism in the context of recent literature. It further explores the pluralistic approach, the fictionalist approach, the inferentialist approach, and the informational approach. It also examines the application of the dispositional approach, the epistemic approach, and the powerful particulars approach to the natural and social sciences.Overall, the volume is complementary to the recent discussion on the difference-making and mechanistic approaches and sheds new light on the metaphysical, epistemological, conceptual and methodological issues on causation. As such, it provides foundations for further research and teaching of this hotly debated topic.
Phenomenology and Mathematics
This Element explores the relationship between phenomenology and mathematics. Its focus is the mathematical thought of Edmund Husserl, founder of phenomenology, but other phenomenologists and phenomenologically-oriented mathematicians, including Weyl, Becker, G繹del, and Rota, are also discussed. After outlining the basic notions of Husserl's phenomenology, the author traces Husserl's journey from his early mathematical studies. Phenomenology's core concepts, such as intention and intuition, each contributed to the emergence of a phenomenological approach to mathematics. This Element examines the phenomenological conceptions of natural number, the continuum, geometry, formal systems, and the applicability of mathematics. It also situates the phenomenological approach in relation to other schools in the philosophy of mathematics-logicism, formalism, intuitionism, Platonism, the French epistemological school, and the philosophy of mathematical practice.
Phenomenology and Mathematics
This Element explores the relationship between phenomenology and mathematics. Its focus is the mathematical thought of Edmund Husserl, founder of phenomenology, but other phenomenologists and phenomenologically-oriented mathematicians, including Weyl, Becker, G繹del, and Rota, are also discussed. After outlining the basic notions of Husserl's phenomenology, the author traces Husserl's journey from his early mathematical studies. Phenomenology's core concepts, such as intention and intuition, each contributed to the emergence of a phenomenological approach to mathematics. This Element examines the phenomenological conceptions of natural number, the continuum, geometry, formal systems, and the applicability of mathematics. It also situates the phenomenological approach in relation to other schools in the philosophy of mathematics-logicism, formalism, intuitionism, Platonism, the French epistemological school, and the philosophy of mathematical practice.
Botany for Everyone
In this book, you'll learn why plants have roots, basic root anatomy and function, how roots detect gravity, the difference between fibrous and tap roots, and how to spot the different modified roots. In the back of this book, the activity with an adult will show you how to turn a beet into an art project. The two-page glossary has definitions and IPA pronunciation guides for new terminology so you can feel confident when reading this book!
Karl Popper
Karl R. Popper is widely regarded as one of the most influential 20th century philosophers. In this new biography, Weinert provides a comprehensive and accessible account of his life and work, also addressing Popper's role as a public intellectual. Drawing on a wide range of sources and interviews with former colleagues and collaborators, he recounts not only the wide interest from the scientific community, but also the inspiration that politicians took from Popper's work. The book surveys the vast and varied intellectual landscape of Popper's philosophical journey during his long career: from the natural and social sciences (physics, evolution, sociology) to political philosophy and the philosophy of mind. It pays significant attention to Popper's critical method - i.e., the notion that ideas and institutions should be exposed to rigorous tests - the approach that led him to a fervent defence of objectivity, rationality and realism, against all forms of irrationalism, as well as a passionate advocacy of freedom, social justice and liberal democracy, against all forms of authoritarianism. The book brings Popper into focus as a modern Enlightenment philosopher.
Conserving ecosystems amid climate challenges
Monitoring biological systems in the midst of environment challenges has arisen as a basic in our period, as the planet wrestles with phenomenal ecological changes. Biological systems, complex snare of interconnected life forms and their actual climate, are the bedrock of biodiversity and assume a significant part in keeping up with natural equilibrium. Nonetheless, the heightening effects of environmental change represent an approaching danger to these fragile frameworks, requesting critical and exhaustive preservation measures. One of the premier difficulties in biological system preservation is the speeding up pace of worldwide temperature climb. Climatic movements upset the sensitive balance inside biological systems, prompting environment misfortune, changed relocation designs, and the peril of various species. Rising ocean levels, outrageous climate occasions, and changes in precipitation designs further compound these difficulties, coming down on biological systems that have advanced over centuries. To check these dangers, protection procedures should take on a multi-layered approach. Conservation of normal living spaces remains as a foundation, requiring the creation and upkeep of safeguarded regions where biological systems can flourish undisturbed. Moreover, rebuilding endeavors to restore corrupted environments are principal, including reforestation drives, wetland reclamation, and feasible land the board rehearses. Besides, a worldwide obligation to lessening ozone harming substance emanations is key. Relieving environmental change is characteristically connected to environment wellbeing, as lower outflows ease the stressors that compound the weakness of these frameworks. Worldwide joint effort is significant in executing and authorizing arrangements that focus on manageability and control exercises adding to ecological corruption. Training and public mindfulness likewise assume urgent parts in encouraging a culture of protection. Engaging people group with the information on environment administrations, biodiversity significance, and reasonable practices induces a feeling of shared liability. Comprehensive, people group based protection endeavors can guarantee that neighborhood populaces become stewards of their biological systems, adding to long haul flexibility.
Write a Winning Research Proposal
To actually solve problems and advance your academic career, you have to become one of those lucky scientists whose research ideas get funded.Whether you're a graduate student or a seasoned academic, this book will show you how to: Generate powerful research ideas even if you feel stuck; and crucially - select the best idea for writing a grant proposalDevelop a strong research concept that fulfills all of the funder's requirements using the "Research Project Canvas"Add that elusive X factor to your written proposal which persuades reviewers to recognize the value of your researchInstead of dreading grant writing, this guide will have you enjoying the process through first identifying real-world problems and then obtaining the funding to solve them.-------"From the birth of a research idea, all the way to submission of your research proposal, this step-by-step guidebook demystifies proposal writing and helps scientists at any career stage maximize their chances of securing research funding."Wino WijnenProposal writing consultant at WiWright-------This isn't just a book. It's a complete research proposal writing toolkit that includes project ideation canvas, proposal writing template, budget spreadsheet, project rating scorecard, virtual collaboration whiteboard, proposal pitch formula, graphics creation cheat sheet, review checklist, example proposals, and other valuable resources that will help you succeed.The book, along with the additional resources is perfect for course use. About the authorMy name is Martins Zaumanis. Since I came from a working-class family, the only way to fulfill my dream of becoming a scientist was to rely on grant funding. Now, after years of perfecting my research proposal writing skills, I am ready to share the secrets that have made it possible for me to work on the things I love at one of the worlds' best research institutions in Switzerland. I am certain that my targeted approach will help you obtain funding as well.
Lakatos and the Historical Approach to Philosophy of Mathematics
The Element begins by claiming that Imre Lakatos (1922-74) in his famous paper 'Proofs and Refutations' (1963-64) was the first to introduce the historical approach to philosophy of mathematics. Section 2 gives a detailed analysis of Lakatos' ideas on the philosophy of mathematics. Lakatos died at the age of only 51, and at the time of this death had plans to continue his work on philosophy of mathematics which were never carried out. However, Lakatos' historical approach to philosophy of mathematics was taken up by other researchers in the field, and Sections 3 and 4 of the Element give an account of how they developed this approach. Then Section 5 gives an overview of what has been achieved so far by the historical approach to philosophy of mathematics and considers what its prospects for the future might be.
Modelling Scientific Communities
This Element will overview research using models to understand scientific practice. Models are useful for reasoning about groups and processes that are complicated and distributed across time and space, i.e., those that are difficult to study using empirical methods alone. Science fits this picture. For this reason, it is no surprise that researchers have turned to models over the last few decades to study various features of science. The different sections of the element are mostly organized around different modeling approaches. The models described in this element sometimes yield take-aways that are straightforward, and at other times more nuanced. The Element ultimately argues that while these models are epistemically useful, the best way to employ most of them to understand and improve science is in combination with empirical methods and other sorts of theorizing.
Modelling Scientific Communities
This Element will overview research using models to understand scientific practice. Models are useful for reasoning about groups and processes that are complicated and distributed across time and space, i.e., those that are difficult to study using empirical methods alone. Science fits this picture. For this reason, it is no surprise that researchers have turned to models over the last few decades to study various features of science. The different sections of the element are mostly organized around different modeling approaches. The models described in this element sometimes yield take-aways that are straightforward, and at other times more nuanced. The Element ultimately argues that while these models are epistemically useful, the best way to employ most of them to understand and improve science is in combination with empirical methods and other sorts of theorizing.
Lakatos and the Historical Approach to Philosophy of Mathematics
The Element begins by claiming that Imre Lakatos (1922-74) in his famous paper 'Proofs and Refutations' (1963-64) was the first to introduce the historical approach to philosophy of mathematics. Section 2 gives a detailed analysis of Lakatos' ideas on the philosophy of mathematics. Lakatos died at the age of only 51, and at the time of this death had plans to continue his work on philosophy of mathematics which were never carried out. However, Lakatos' historical approach to philosophy of mathematics was taken up by other researchers in the field, and Sections 3 and 4 of the Element give an account of how they developed this approach. Then Section 5 gives an overview of what has been achieved so far by the historical approach to philosophy of mathematics and considers what its prospects for the future might be.
Inference and Representation
The first comprehensive defense of an inferential conception of scientific representation with applications to art and epistemology. Mauricio Su獺rez develops a conception of representation that delivers a compelling account of modeling practice. He begins by discussing the history and methodology of model building, charting the emergence of what he calls the modeling attitude, a nineteenth-century and fin de si癡cle development. Prominent cases of models, both historical and contemporary, are used as benchmarks for the accounts of representation considered throughout the book. After arguing against reductive naturalist theories of scientific representation, Su獺rez sets out his own account: a case for pluralism regarding the means of representation and minimalism regarding its constituents. He shows that scientists employ a variety of modeling relations in their representational practice--which helps them to assess the accuracy of their representations--while demonstrating that there is nothing metaphysically deep about the constituent relation that encompasses all these diverse means. The book also probes the broad implications of Su獺rez's inferential conception outside scientific modeling itself, covering analogies with debates about artistic representation and philosophical thought over the past several decades.
Burnt Rain
Burnt Rain is a powerful, compelling polemic by veteran eco-protestor Roc Sandford.Thirty years ago, Sandford bought a small, bleak island in the Hebrides. His aim was to live there largely alone, without mains services, and manage the land for wildlife. But the place had a different destiny in store. Far from being an unspoilt haven, Gometra was in ecological crisis, caused by climate breakdown. Sandford found himself confronting the barest truths about humanity and the environmental costs of our actions. In spring 2019, the more-than-human voices of Gometra inspired him to travel to London and join the Extinction Rebellion protests, where he spent time locked-on under a lorry on Waterloo Bridge.Full of rage, tenderness and weather, Burnt Rain is a brave, headlong gallop into one man's attempt to live in full knowledge of the unfolding climate disaster. It follows the wheel of the year to chronicle his relationship with the living world in one of the UK's remotest places.
Inference and Representation
The first comprehensive defense of an inferential conception of scientific representation with applications to art and epistemology. Mauricio Su獺rez develops a conception of representation that delivers a compelling account of modeling practice. He begins by discussing the history and methodology of model building, charting the emergence of what he calls the modeling attitude, a nineteenth-century and fin de si癡cle development. Prominent cases of models, both historical and contemporary, are used as benchmarks for the accounts of representation considered throughout the book. After arguing against reductive naturalist theories of scientific representation, Su獺rez sets out his own account: a case for pluralism regarding the means of representation and minimalism regarding its constituents. He shows that scientists employ a variety of modeling relations in their representational practice--which helps them to assess the accuracy of their representations--while demonstrating that there is nothing metaphysically deep about the constituent relation that encompasses all these diverse means. The book also probes the broad implications of Su獺rez's inferential conception outside scientific modeling itself, covering analogies with debates about artistic representation and philosophical thought over the past several decades.
How Does Germline Regenerate?
A concise primer that complicates a convenient truth in biology--the divide between germ and somatic cells--with far-reaching ethical and public policy ramifications. Scientists have long held that we have two kinds of cells--germ and soma. Make a change to germ cells--say using genome editing--and that change will appear in the cells of future generations. Somatic cells are "safe" after such tampering; modify your skin cells, and your future children's skin cells will never know. And, while germ cells can give rise to new generations (including all of the somatic cells in a body), somatic cells can never become germ cells. How did scientists discover this relationship and distinction between somatic and germ cells--the so-called Weismann Barrier--and does it actually exist? Can somatic cells become germ cells in the way germ cells become somatic cells? That is, can germ cells regenerate from somatic cells even though conventional wisdom denies this possibility? Covering research from the late nineteenth century to the 2020s, historian and philosopher of science Kate MacCord explores how scientists came to understand and accept the dubious concept of the Weismann Barrier and what profound implications this convenient assumption has for research and policy, from genome editing to stem cell research, and much more.
Mangrove Tiger
This book contains well-researched (literature review/field surveys) and personal experience on the origin and adaptation of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), the only large carnivore species inhabiting the mangrove forests across the world.The Bengal tiger population in this mangrove habitat is isolated from other mainland populations and exhibits certain distinctive morphological adaptations. Unlike the mainlanders, these islanders are much smaller (suggesting insular dwarfism), more muscular with leaner frame and lesser body mass (簣100 kg). The stress factor associated with changes in their natural habitat and the availability of the smaller prey species is often related to such phenomenon. Apart from the long-stretch swimming, the tiger has adapted to changed food habits and become omnivore. Loss and degradation of the mangrove habitat has caused severe decline of the tiger population. Tiger conservation within and beyond the protected areas is based on the ethical issues- "biodiversity, aesthetic values and integrity" as well as management of the mangrove ecosystem challenged by development works and anthropogenic activities.A published book highlighting the updated information on the migratory behaviour, morphological and behavioural adaptations of the Bengal tiger in the mangrove eco-system is not readily available. This monograph is ideal for researchers, postgraduate and graduate students in zoology, botany, ecology and conservation. This comprehensive treatise will also serve professionals, such as foresters, environmentalists, conservationists, resource managers, planners, government agencies, academic institutions, NGOs and naturalists.
Shaping the Future of Biological Education Research
This open access volume is a collection of full papers based on the peer-reviewed presentations accepted for the European Researchers in Didactics of Biology, ERIDOB 2022 conference. ERIDOB aims to bring together researchers in didactics of Biology from Europe and around the world to share and discuss their research work and results. It is the only major international conference whose focus lies exclusively on biology education research, and all the papers are written by international researchers from across Europe (and beyond) which report on a range of contemporary biology education research projects. They are all entirely new papers describing new research in the field. Each paper has been peer-reviewed by experienced biology education researchers and the members of the ERIDOB Academic Committee. The selected papers are collated within the following categories of biology education: - Teaching Strategies and Learning Environments - Students' Knowledge, Conceptions, Values, Attitudes and Motivation - Outdoor and Environmental Education - Biology Teachers' Professional Development By providing a collection of new research findings from many countries, this book is a great resource for researchers and practitioners such as school, college and university biology teachers' around the world. It is useful for training biology teachers and therefore valuable to teacher training institutions.
Shaping the Future of Biological Education Research
This open access volume is a collection of full papers based on the peer-reviewed presentations accepted for the European Researchers in Didactics of Biology, ERIDOB 2022 conference. ERIDOB aims to bring together researchers in didactics of Biology from Europe and around the world to share and discuss their research work and results. It is the only major international conference whose focus lies exclusively on biology education research, and all the papers are written by international researchers from across Europe (and beyond) which report on a range of contemporary biology education research projects. They are all entirely new papers describing new research in the field. Each paper has been peer-reviewed by experienced biology education researchers and the members of the ERIDOB Academic Committee. The selected papers are collated within the following categories of biology education: - Teaching Strategies and Learning Environments - Students' Knowledge, Conceptions, Values, Attitudes and Motivation - Outdoor and Environmental Education - Biology Teachers' Professional Development By providing a collection of new research findings from many countries, this book is a great resource for researchers and practitioners such as school, college and university biology teachers' around the world. It is useful for training biology teachers and therefore valuable to teacher training institutions.
Reimagining Science Education in the Anthropocene, Volume 2
This volume, a follow up to Reimagining Science Education in the Anthropocene (2021), continues a transdisciplinary conversation around reconceptualizing science education in the era of the Anthropocene. Drawing educators from many walks of life and areas of practice together in a creative work that helps reorient science education toward the problems and peculiarities associated with this contemporary geologic time. This work continues the mission of transforming the ways communities inherit science and technology education: its knowledges, practices, policies, and ways-of-living-with-Nature. Our understanding of the Anthropocene is necessarily open and pluralistic, as different beings on our planet experience this time of crisis in different ways. This second volume continues to nurture productive relationships between science education and fields such as science studies, environmental studies, philosophy, the natural sciences, Indigenous studies, and critical theory in orderto provoke a science education that actively seeks to remake our shared ecological and social spaces in the coming decades and centuries. This is an open access book.
Reimagining Science Education in the Anthropocene, Volume 2
This volume, a follow up to Reimagining Science Education in the Anthropocene (2021), continues a transdisciplinary conversation around reconceptualizing science education in the era of the Anthropocene. Drawing educators from many walks of life and areas of practice together in a creative work that helps reorient science education toward the problems and peculiarities associated with this contemporary geologic time. This work continues the mission of transforming the ways communities inherit science and technology education: its knowledges, practices, policies, and ways-of-living-with-Nature. Our understanding of the Anthropocene is necessarily open and pluralistic, as different beings on our planet experience this time of crisis in different ways. This second volume continues to nurture productive relationships between science education and fields such as science studies, environmental studies, philosophy, the natural sciences, Indigenous studies, and critical theory in orderto provoke a science education that actively seeks to remake our shared ecological and social spaces in the coming decades and centuries. This is an open access book.
Introduction to Bioinformatics in Microbiology
This updated and extended second edition of the textbook introduces the basic concepts of bioinformatics and enhances students' skills in the use of software and tools relevant to microbiology research. It discusses the most relevant methods for analysing data and teaches readers how to draw valid conclusions from the observations obtained. Free software and servers available on the Internet are presented in an updated version of 2023 and more advanced stand-alone software is proposed as a second option. In addition, new tools for microbial genome analysis and new flowcharts that complement the didactic elements have been added. Exercises and training questionnaires are included at the end of each chapter to facilitate learning. The book is aimed at Ph.D. students and advanced undergraduate students in microbiology, biotechnology, and (veterinary) medicine with little or basic knowledge of bioinformatics.
Fountain of Living Water
The First and the Last"Fountain of Living Water" is supplemental to the book, reviewers showered with praises, "Member Heal Thyself." Readers requested that we create more thirst-quenching information on this topic.This book covers the first of "Member Heal Thyself's" twelve resources; "Hydration" much more in depth and in all its various aspects including many surprising details not covered in the first book.-Discover mysteries: missing healing properties of water and the impacts of every drop of life-Be inspired: historical analogies narratively sprinkled through touching vulnerability, explore new ways to use water never before dreamed of-Be changed: tailor steps to preferred personal needs with nature's natural resourceDrink you fill to overflowing!
Young People's Voice in School Science
This book highlights young people's changing attitudes toward and interest in science over the course of a five-year longitudinal study. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the author presents rich data from children and young people, as well as their parents and teachers. By providing a glimpse of science pedagogy from the perspective of young people and those who work with them, the book identifies factors that affect students' interest in science throughout their primary and secondary education. The book also examines a posthumanist philosophical approach to science education and emphasizes the interrelationship of all things within the context of science education.
The British Big Cat Phenomenon
A fascinating book by Jonathan McGowan that explores the many sightings of big cats in Britain. In the book, Jonathan details his sightings, from the Badger Stalker to the Longham Puma, and delves into the various theories about these animals. He also examines reports from other witnesses, including those who have seen these creatures up close and personal, that are particularly compelling. Written in an accessible and engaging writing style, this book brings those stories to life. Moreover, the book also looks at the predator's diet and how they could survive in the wild. With so many sightings of big cats across Britain, this is a fascinating and insightful book that will leave you wondering whether these creatures really do exist.
Science Curriculum for the Anthropocene, Volume 1
This volume, the first of a two-volume set, provides a foundation for future research and development in science curriculum. Drawing upon complexity and systems theories, this book provides a framework for science curriculum that tackles and transform the interrelated and socio-ecological causes of our ecological crises in the Anthropocene. Chapters provide a foundational conceptual framework that can inspire and motivate educators and researchers alike, and push the boundaries of science curriculum research, theory, and practice The result is a refreshing and hopeful look at PK-12 science curriculum as a lever for positive change amidst our current global trajectory in the 21st century.
Energies Beyond the State
This volume contributes to advancing an 'ecology of freedom, ' which can critique current anthropocentric environmental destruction, as well as focusing on environmental justice and decentralized ecological governance.
The Biology, Physiology and Sociology of Reproduction Also Sexual Hygiene (Annotated)
Analyzing Winfield Scott Hall's "The Biology, Physiology and Sociology of Reproduction," particularly given its historical context and also the advancements in relevant fields since its publication, entails considering different aspects: Scientific Content and Approach: Biology as well as Physiology: Hall examines the physiological and biological factors of reproduced sex, concentrating on the early twentieth century knowledge. Understand reproductive organs, sexual health, the fundamental principles of heredity. However advancements in genetics, molecule biology and reproductive technology would have made this information basic or obsolete.Male-Centric View: The book devotes particular attention to male sexual hygiene and health because of the medical and societal emphasis of the era. The contemporary science stresses a balanced approach to reproductive health for both genders.The Sociological Perspective: Cultural and Ethical Views: Hall consists of ethical and sociological discussions in his analysis, echoing the norms as well as values of the time. These include concepts regarding sexuality, morality and the social ramifications of reproduction. These viewpoints could appear dated or restricted out of a contemporary standpoint, considering the huge changes in societal attitudes to sexuality and reproductive rights.Gender Roles as well as Sexuality: The book most likely mirrors the early twentieth century gender norms and sexual ethics, which had been drastically distinct from present day acceptance and understanding of various sexual identities and identities.What's Historical Value: Educational Resource: The book is a historical account of the state of reproductive science and dominant community attitudes a century ago. It could be a crucial tool for understanding the evolution of reproductive health training.Reflection of Its Time: The book mirrors the scientific limitations and societal viewpoints of its age, which makes it an invaluable illustration of the evolution of social and medical thought.Relevance in Contemporary Context: The Comparative Study: Modern readers and researchers could use the book to compare present and past understanding and attitudes in reproductive science and sociology.Evolution of Thought: It spotlights advancements in reproductive health, gender analysis, and sociological awareness of sexualit矇 and reproductive rights.Hall's work remains a major historical document, though it is definitely a product of its time when it comes to sociocultural perspective and scientific understanding. Additionally, it can serve as a reminder of how much society and science have advanced in understanding, beliefs and practices regarding human reproduction.
Humean Bodies and Their Consequences
This book defends the very contentious Idealist interpretation of Hume on external objects, and draws from it far-reaching metaphysical and epistemological consequences for Hume's philosophy. Its interest is both interpretive and analytic. The content Hume ascribes to the belief in "bodies" is susceptible to more than one reading, and has not been systematically considered. Upholding the Idealistic interpretation is interesting in its own right, but also yields several important conclusions about the spatiality of objects, causation, Hume's "science of man" and his epistemology. For instance, it argues that the Idealist reading means that there are no cross-temporal spatial relationships, and that the (more prevalent) Materialist reading takes Hume further away from methodological empiricism than does the Idealist counterpart, and may render his practice less in conformity with his official methodology. The monograph is therefore of great interest to not only academics but also scholars, graduate students and researchers.
The Euclidean Programme
The Euclidean Programme embodies a traditional sort of epistemological foundationalism, according to which knowledge - especially mathematical knowledge - is obtained by deduction from self-evident axioms or first principles. Epistemologists have examined foundationalism extensively, but neglected its historically dominant Euclidean form. By contrast, this book offers a detailed examination of Euclidean foundationalism, which, following Lakatos, the authors call the Euclidean Programme. The book rationally reconstructs the programme's key principles, showing it to be an epistemological interpretation of the axiomatic method. It then compares the reconstructed programme with select historical sources: Euclid's Elements, Aristotle's Posterior Analytics, Descartes's Discourse on Method, Pascal's On the Geometric Mind and a twentieth-century account of axiomatisation. The second half of the book philosophically assesses the programme, exploring whether various areas of contemporary mathematics conform to it. The book concludes by outlining a replacement for the Euclidean Programme.
The Euclidean Programme
The Euclidean Programme embodies a traditional sort of epistemological foundationalism, according to which knowledge - especially mathematical knowledge - is obtained by deduction from self-evident axioms or first principles. Epistemologists have examined foundationalism extensively, but neglected its historically dominant Euclidean form. By contrast, this book offers a detailed examination of Euclidean foundationalism, which, following Lakatos, the authors call the Euclidean Programme. The book rationally reconstructs the programme's key principles, showing it to be an epistemological interpretation of the axiomatic method. It then compares the reconstructed programme with select historical sources: Euclid's Elements, Aristotle's Posterior Analytics, Descartes's Discourse on Method, Pascal's On the Geometric Mind and a twentieth-century account of axiomatisation. The second half of the book philosophically assesses the programme, exploring whether various areas of contemporary mathematics conform to it. The book concludes by outlining a replacement for the Euclidean Programme.
The Balanced Brain
How we can use what we've learned about the brain to improve our mental health There are many routes to mental well-being. In this groundbreaking book, neuroscientist Camilla Nord offers a fascinating tour of the scientific developments that are revolutionising the way we think about mental health, showing why and how events--and treatments--can affect people in such different ways. In The Balanced Brain, Nord explains how our brain constructs our sense of mental health--actively striving to maintain balance in response to our changing circumstances. While a mentally healthy brain deals well with life's turbulence, poor mental health results when the brain struggles with disruption. But just what is the brain trying to balance? Nord describes the foundations of mental health in the brain--from the neurobiology of pleasure, pain and desire to the role of mood-mediating chemicals like dopamine, serotonin and opioids. She then pivots to interventions, revealing how antidepressants, placebos and even recreational drugs work; how psychotherapy changes brain chemistry; and how the brain and body interact to make us feel physically (as well as mentally) healthy. Along the way, Nord explains how the seemingly small things we use to lift our moods--a piece of chocolate, a walk, a chat with a friend--work on the same pathways in our brains as the latest treatments for mental health disorders. Understanding the cause of poor mental health is one of the crucial questions of our time. But the answer is unique to each of us, and it requires finding what helps our brains rebalance and thrive. With so many factors at play, there are more possibilities for recovery and resilience than we might think.
Arctic Aria
"Arctic Aria: Polar Natural life Cradlesongs" is a charming and interesting investigation of the frozen wonderland of the Cold, offering a new point of view on the existences of its striking occupants. This narrative series, described by a carefully prepared naturalist, welcomes watchers to a quiet and endearing excursion into the domain of polar untamed life.At its heart, "Arctic Aria" is a tribute to the peaceful and enchanting Cold climate, with its immense ice fields, transcending ice sheets, and bone chilling oceans. The series gives an unparalleled view to the extraordinary existences of the Icy's most famous animals, from the great polar bear to the slippery Icy fox, as they explore the difficulties of their outrageous natural surroundings. What sets "Artic Aria" separated is its emphasis on the calmer, more delicate minutes in the existences of these creatures. In the quieted magnificence of the Cold evening, the series divulges the mysterious universe of polar untamed life bedtime songs, an ensemble of maternal consideration and holding. Watchers witness the mitigating, cadenced songs of polar bear moms murmuring delicately to their fledglings, or the delicate quiet of penguin guardians as they serenade their chicks to rest. These impactful children's songs are a demonstration of the profound close to home associations and sustaining senses of Cold animals.The cinematography in "Icy Aria" is just amazing, catching the ethereal Icy scene in the entirety of its greatness, while additionally giving a cozy investigate the private minutes among parent and posterity. A visual gala submerges the crowd in the brutal yet charming universe of the polar districts. Past its shocking visuals, "Cold Aria" highlights the significance of protection and the delicacy of the Icy biological system. It urges watchers to consider the eventual fate of these notable species notwithstanding environmental change and ecological difficulties. This series is an impactful sign of the obligation we bear to safeguard the sensitive equilibrium of the polar wild.In "Icy Aria: Polar Natural life Children's songs," watchers will end up charmed by the Cold's flawless excellence, enthralled by the delicate snapshots of untamed life nurturing, and roused to be stewards of this indispensable environment. It's a festival of life in quite possibly of the most brutal put on The planet, and a source of inspiration to guarantee that the Icy's cradlesongs keep on reverberating in the frozen wild for a long time into the future.
Translating Technology in Africa. Volume 1: Metrics
Translating Technology in Africa brings together authors from different disciplines who engage with Science and Technology Studies (STS) to stimulate curiosity about the diversity of sociotechnical assemblages on the African continent. The contributions provide detailed praxeographic examinations of technologies at work in postcolonial contexts. The series of 5 volumes aims to catalyse the development of a field of research that is still in its infancy in Africa and promises to offer novel insights into past, present, and future challenges and opportunities facing the continent. The first volume, on "Metrics", explores practices of quantification and digitisation. The chapters examine how numbers are aggregated and how the resulting metrics shape new realities. Contributors include Kevin. P. Donovan, V矇ra Ehrenstein, Jonathan Klaaren, Emma Park, Helen Robertson, Ren矇 Umlauf and Helen Verran
Handbook for the Brain Dynamics Toolbox
The official guide to the Brain Dynamics Toolbox.The Brain Dynamics Toolbox is open-source matlab software for simulating dynamical systems in neuroscience. Specifically, initial-value problems in systems of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), Delay Differential Equations (DDEs), Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) and Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Users define their system of equations as a custom function. Interchangeable solvers and graphical plotting tools can then be applied to that system with no additional programming effort. The graphical interface allows the dynamics to be explored interactively, while the command-line tools allow large-scale simulations to be scripted.This book is for researchers and students who wish to use the toolbox to simulate their own dynamical models in matlab. It describes how to program the dynamical equations and run them using both the graphical interface and the command-line tools. The source code for the finished model can be disseminated independently of the toolbox. Dr Stewart Heitmann is a Senior Staff Scientist at the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute. He uses computer simulations of cardiac cell electrophysiology to study the genesis of arrhythmias in the heart.Professor Michael Breakspear is Head of the Systems Neuroscience Group at the University of Newcastle, Australia. He studies the principles of adaptive large-scale brain dynamics in health, and the impact of their disturbance in brain disorders.
Solving Problems with Microscopy
Solving Problems with Microscopy Comprehensive resource, based on real case examples, on the ability of the microscope for solving problems This book takes a "why to" rather than the common "how to" approach to demonstrate the capabilities of microscopy to solve problems. It provides entertaining and informative case examples and lessons regarding the unique value the microscope brings to problem solving by experienced scientists in various industries, including criminal and civil forensic science, manufacturing, environmental science, pharmaceutical science, cultural heritage, and biological sciences. Sample topics covered in this learning resource include: History of problem solving with microscopy Fortune favors the prepared mind The value of multiple associations The importance of context Knowing your limitations (i.e. knowing what you don't know) Microscopists and other professional scientists who use microscopy can harness the information in this book to make better and more informed decisions by improving their problem-solving strategies and processes.
