How Science Works
This visual guide is packed with amazing diagrams and infographics to answer all your burning scientific head-scratchers - from gravity and black holes to earthquakes and gene therapy. In How Science Works you will find the most fascinating phenomena in the Universe visually explained, from pulleys to string theory, light to lasers, and chemical reactions to artificial intelligence. If you have ever wondered why the sky is blue, how a black hole works, or what happens in a tsunami, this indispensable guide is for you. Rather than long columns of text, How Science Works is filled with diagrams and infographics, to make even the most difficult concept fun and easy to grasp. Turn the pages to understand dark matter, radioactivity and so much more, and find answers to the really big questions including how life began, will the Universe end, and are we really alone? With hours of enthralling reading, How Science Works is the book you wished you'd had at school and it's the one you'll want for your family.
The Philosophy of Linguistics
The philosophy of linguistics reflects on multiple scientific disciplines aimed at the understanding of one of the most fundamental aspects of human existence, our ability to produce and understand natural language. Linguistics, viewed as a science, has a long history but it was the advent of the formal (and computational) revolution in cognitive science that established the field as both scientifically and philosophically appealing. In this Element, the topic will be approached as a means for understanding larger issues in the philosophy of science more generally.
Cognitive Science
This primer provides a foundation in the main principles of cognitive science, offering a holistic account of what science reveals about the material basis of both animal and human consciousness. The book discusses in detail how neurons and glial cells (the two main types of cells in the brain) work together to generate cognitive function, while also drawing on insights from neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy of mind to explore the unique aspects of human consciousness. Ultimately, while we need to explain our conscious minds at the molecular and cellular level in terms of neuronal and glial cell function, we also need to be aware that human consciousness has undergone a qualitative shift that distinguishes it from the consciousness of other species.This book will serve as a valuable resource for undergraduates studying biomedical sciences, biology, medicine, psychology, philosophy of mind, and related subjects. The chapters cover a diverse array of scientific perspectives to provide students of all disciplines with a comprehensive and detailed understanding of this fascinating topic.
The Philosophy of Linguistics
The philosophy of linguistics reflects on multiple scientific disciplines aimed at the understanding of one of the most fundamental aspects of human existence, our ability to produce and understand natural language. Linguistics, viewed as a science, has a long history but it was the advent of the formal (and computational) revolution in cognitive science that established the field as both scientifically and philosophically appealing. In this Element, the topic will be approached as a means for understanding larger issues in the philosophy of science more generally.
Cognitive Science
This primer provides a foundation in the main principles of cognitive science, offering a holistic account of what science reveals about the material basis of both animal and human consciousness. The book discusses in detail how neurons and glial cells (the two main types of cells in the brain) work together to generate cognitive function, while also drawing on insights from neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy of mind to explore the unique aspects of human consciousness. Ultimately, while we need to explain our conscious minds at the molecular and cellular level in terms of neuronal and glial cell function, we also need to be aware that human consciousness has undergone a qualitative shift that distinguishes it from the consciousness of other species.This book will serve as a valuable resource for undergraduates studying biomedical sciences, biology, medicine, psychology, philosophy of mind, and related subjects. The chapters cover a diverse array of scientific perspectives to provide students of all disciplines with a comprehensive and detailed understanding of this fascinating topic.
Complexity, Emergence and the Evolution of Scientific Theories: Towards a Predictive Epistemology
This book offers a unique perspective on the evolution of scientific theories through the lens of their changing complexity. To explore this non-trivial connection, the author draws on well-known historical cases from the philosophy of science tradition to test the central theses of the work. At the same time, the book develops a conceptual framework in which the debates on emergence and complexity play a central role. The opening chapter provides the historical background of emergence, examining both classical and contemporary perspectives, highlighting diverse viewpoints and their contributions to the current discussion. The second chapter turns to the foundations of complexity science, detailing its key methodologies and emphasizing the role of information in describing and modeling systems. Building on this foundation, the book introduces a novel quantitative definition of emergent properties, grounded in the concept of parametric model complexity. It discusses how slight variations in control parameters can generate universal features and explores the implications of these dynamics for our understanding of systemic behavior. Finally, the author shows how this framework illuminates critical aspects of scientific practice, ranging from the criteria guiding theory choice to the relationship between technological innovation and the risk of the appearance of anomalies. By combining historical analysis, conceptual innovation, and formal modeling, the book presents a compelling vision of how complexity and emergence can be predictive indicators of theoretical transformation, recognizing the moments when our current models have reached their limits.
Science, Medicine, and the Aims of Inquiry
After its unparalleled rise and expansion over the past century, medicine is increasingly criticized both as a science and clinical practice for lacking scientific rigor, for contributing to overmedicalization, and for failing to offer patient-centered care. This criticism highlights serious challenges which indicate that the scope and societal role of medicine are likely to be altered in the 21st century. Somogy Varga's ground-breaking book offers a new perspective on the challenges, showing that they converge on fundamental philosophical questions about the nature and aim of medicine. Addressing these questions, Varga presents a philosophical examination of the norms and values constitutive of medicine and offers new perspectives on how to address the challenges that the criticism raises. His book will offer valuable input for rethinking the agenda of medical research, health care delivery, and the education of health care personnel.
Prove It
A compelling journey through science's big breakthroughs, by an award-winning Australian science writerHumans developed the scientific method over centuries. Its departure from what came before was that theories should be fuelled by data, not opinion. Today, the institutions that underpin democracy - the law, academia, government, journalism - all rely on its central idea: seeking facts and interrogating them through robust discussion and real-world testing. Yet in the post-truth era, public conversations can feel far from scientific.In Prove It, Elizabeth Finkel describes how the scientific method plays out in a series of controversies, from proving the existence of Einstein's gravitational waves to identifying the origins of Covid-19, from understanding human origins to defining consciousness. Through these tales of dispute and discovery, she breaks down the key elements of scientific thinking.Full of politics, prejudice, obsession, heroism and eccentricity, Prove It captures the drama and excitement of scientific discovery and debate and argues compellingly that its lessons are more crucial now than ever.
The Liars of Nature and the Nature of Liars
A natural history of cheating from selfish genes to lying politicians Nature is rife with cheating. Possums play possum, feigning death to cheat predators. Crows cry wolf to scare off rivals. Amphibians and reptiles are inveterate impostors. Even genes and cells cheat. The Liars of Nature and the Nature of Liars explores the evolution of cheating in the natural world, revealing how dishonesty has given rise to wondrous diversity. Blending cutting-edge science with a wealth of illuminating examples-from microscopic organisms to highly intelligent birds and mammals-Lixing Sun shows how cheating in nature relies on two basic rules. One is lying, by which cheaters exploit honest messages in communication signals and use them to serve their own interests. The other is deceiving, by which cheaters exploit the biases and loopholes in the sensory systems of other creatures. Sun demonstrates that cheating serves as a potent catalyst in the evolutionary arms race between the cheating and the cheated, resulting in a biological world teeming with complexity and beauty. Brimming with insight and humor, The Liars of Nature and the Nature of Liars also looks at the prevalence of cheating in human society, identifying the kinds of cheating that spur innovation and cultural vitality and laying down a blueprint for combatting malicious cheating such as fake news and disinformation.
A Perspective on Opioid Addiction
Today, the opioid crisis often feels intractable. This book offers a wider perspective on its underlying causes, examining the biological, psychological, and social aspects of addiction and the interactions among them. Jay Schulkin, a behavioral neuroscientist, and Bryce Huebner, a philosopher, explore the complexities of opioid addiction through a distinctive combination of neuroscientific knowledge and pragmatist thought. They detail the biological and neurological processes that shape and sustain addiction, showing why opiates' power to ease pain makes us vulnerable to abusing them. The book discusses the relationship between addiction and depression, the dilemmas of pain management, and the meaning of recovery. Schulkin and Huebner underscore the stigma that marginalizes people who struggle with addiction and the social factors that shape access to treatment and care, calling for a focus on harm reduction. They consider questions of individual and social accountability, reflecting on choice, autonomy, and freedom. Interdisciplinary and wide-ranging, this book brings deep learning, empathy, and insight to understanding the experience of addiction.
A Perspective on Opioid Addiction
Today, the opioid crisis often feels intractable. This book offers a wider perspective on its underlying causes, examining the biological, psychological, and social aspects of addiction and the interactions among them. Jay Schulkin, a behavioral neuroscientist, and Bryce Huebner, a philosopher, explore the complexities of opioid addiction through a distinctive combination of neuroscientific knowledge and pragmatist thought. They detail the biological and neurological processes that shape and sustain addiction, showing why opiates' power to ease pain makes us vulnerable to abusing them. The book discusses the relationship between addiction and depression, the dilemmas of pain management, and the meaning of recovery. Schulkin and Huebner underscore the stigma that marginalizes people who struggle with addiction and the social factors that shape access to treatment and care, calling for a focus on harm reduction. They consider questions of individual and social accountability, reflecting on choice, autonomy, and freedom. Interdisciplinary and wide-ranging, this book brings deep learning, empathy, and insight to understanding the experience of addiction.
The Geometry of Heaven & Hell
What if the greatest visionary poets - Homer, Virgil, Dante, Milton, Blake - mapped realms whose secrets mathematicians would take centuries to decode?The Geometry of Heaven & Hell is a groundbreaking exploration of how poetic imagination anticipated the discoveries of modern geometry, revealing that beneath the vivid imagery of classical epics and mystical visions lie precise geometric premonitions.Step beyond metaphor into the measured realities these poets intuited: Virgil's underworld plotted with Euclidean rigor; Dante's Paradise curving into dimensions unseen until Riemann; Milton's Chaos opening into hyperbolic spaces of entropy. Here, poetry is not decoration but prophecy, encoding intricate patterns of space is the search for what lies beyond death.Blending literary insight and mathematical depth, Robert Ghrist guides readers on an extraordinary pilgrimage through literary cosmologies, illuminating how ancient intuitions align with modern geometric revelations. From the classical descent into Hades, through medieval celestial spheres, to Blake's visionary city of Golgonooza, this book traces how imagination discovers what mathematics later formalizes.Perfect for lovers of literature intrigued by mathematics, mathematicians drawn to poetic beauty, and anyone curious about the hidden architectures of imagination, The Geometry of Heaven & Hell offers a captivating journey through centuries, cultures, and curvatures into realms where verse and measure converge.
The Man Who Lost His Head
Blending neuroscience and ruminations on the creation and limits of reality, a remarkable investigation of disorders of the mind--and how we experience them. In The Man Who Lost His Head, Douwe Draaisma explores some of the most bizarre and intriguing brain disorders throughout history. From patients who believe their loved ones have been replaced by doubles or who feel an arm stretched out sideways that was amputated years ago to those who insist they're dead or have had their heads replaced, these cases reveal the mind's complex way of imposing order amid chaos. Draaisma examines syndromes like Cotard's and Capgras, where sufferers' perceptions of self and reality are radically altered, linking delusions to specific brain circuits and cultural context. With engaging storytelling and sharp insights, he offers a captivating look at the human mind's remarkable and often mysterious workings.
Ketamine
Ketamine: Pain Management, Critical Care, Depression, and Resource-Poor Settings, Volume II discusses the latest advances in neuroscientific, translational, and clinical research, as well as practical applications of the essential drug racemic ketamine and its enantiomers esketamine and arketamine. In addition to emphasizing ketamine's benefits in the management of perioperative and chronic pain, Volume II describes the substances' importance and potential for specific situations in intensive and neurocritical care, such as difficult sedation in seriously ill COVID-19 patients. The immense clinical improvements achieved with racemic and es- ketamine in patients with major depressive disorders and those who have not responded to other antidepressant treatments are highlighted, and practical treatment regimen are presented. Beyond, ketamine's potential utility in other severe mental health issues such as substance use disorders is described. It is very important to note ketamine's unique significance for healthcare provision in resource-constrained countries and situations of war and disaster, which is another focus of Volume II. The book closes with expert- and evidence-based considerations and prospects regarding ketamine's role in enhancing medical care in specific circumstances such as in mountain medicine, cardiac anesthesia, and microgravity, for example in the context of a future Mars habitat. This Neuromethods series offers concise details and advice regarding ketamine therapy from top researchers and clinician scientists. These insights are instrumental in achieving success and, most notably, in enhancing patient outcomes. Ketamine: Pain Management, Critical Care, Depression, and Resource-Poor Settings, Volume II is a comprehensive, up-to-date, and valuable resource and reference for researchers and clinicians alike. The global interest in ketamine is substantial, and the uses of racemic ketamine and esketamine in medicine are growing quickly. This book is complemented by Ketamine: From Neurobiology to Emergency and Anesthesia Care, Volume I.
Anatomy of Callimico Goeldii (Thomas). a Primitive American Primate
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication. 77 illustrations.
Induction and Intuition in Scientific Thought
Why are most scientists indifferent to scientific methodology? The answer: 'because what passes for scientific methodology is a misrepresentation of what scientists do.' This book explores what is wrong with the traditional methodology of 'inductive' reasoning; the alternative scheme of reasoning can give the scientist a certain limited but useful insight into the way he thinks. The force of scientific enquiry comes from a preconception of what might be true -- which is exposed to critical analysis, to find out whether or not the imagined world corresponds with the real one. It is essentially a dialogue between imaginative insight and critical appraisal; between the possible and the actual; between what could be true and what is in fact the case.
A Manual for a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) for Light Stable Isotopes
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific organization created in 1879, and is part of the U.S. government. Their scientists explore our environment and ecosystems, to determine the natural dangers we are facing. The agency has over 10,000 employees that collect, monitor, and analyze data so that they have a better understanding of our problems. The USGS is dedicated to provide reliable, investigated information to enhance and protect our quality of life. This is one of their circulars.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Proceedings
This is Volume 5 of the "Proceedings" from the Rochester Academy of Sciences, a collection of scholarly papers and research findings. It offers insights into diverse scientific and technological advancements. A valuable resource for researchers, historians of science, and anyone interested in the progress of scientific thought and its applications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Waters of the Rio Grande and Its Tributaries
Waters of the Rio Grande and Its Tributaries, originally published in 1911, provides a comprehensive overview of the water resources associated with the Rio Grande river system. Authored under the direction of the U.S. Department of the Interior and Walter Lowrie Fisher, this historical document details various aspects of the river, including its hydrological characteristics, tributary systems, and water management practices prevalent at the time.The book offers valuable insights into early 20th-century approaches to natural resource management and the challenges associated with equitable water distribution in the arid Southwest. Readers interested in the history of water usage, the ecological significance of the Rio Grande, and the evolution of water rights policies will find this work to be a significant resource. Its detailed descriptions and historical context make it essential reading for environmental historians, hydrologists, and anyone concerned with the sustainable use of water resources.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Northern Light and Northern Times
Swedish biomedical researchers were important in the early development of the study of biological rhythms in the mid-20th century. This study looks at the foundation of biological-rhythm research (today called "chronobiology"). The first international society (Society for the Study of Biological Rhythm) was formed by a core group of Swedish scientists, who held their first meeting in Sweden, and who dominated the activities of this Society until the 1950s, when its membership became more international. Swedish researchers were therefore important for the emergence of this interdisciplinary field and for establishing its autonomy as a distinct field. The bulk of the book is a description of the early meetings of the International Society and the papers presented at those meetings, with biographical information on some of the key Swedish researchers.
NASA
The Lunar Nautics Educator Guide has 40 activities. Students assume roles of workers at Lunar Nautics Space Systems, Inc., a fictional aerospace company specializing in mission management, lunar habitat and exploration design, and scientific research. This guide features lessons that address the basics of Newton's Laws of Motion, rocket design, microgravity, and the moon. Students will design, test and analyze a model lunar lander, a robot, and a soda bottle rocket. Other activities include building edible models of spacecraft and a solar oven to cook hot dogs. Students can also build a microgravity sled as part of an underwater activity. Educators can use this guide in a variety of settings or formats, such as week-long day camps, after-school programs, a classroom unit or as supporting curriculum. The Student Employment Handbook supplements the Lunar Nautics Educator Guide. The handbook contains the student sheets that accompany the lessons and activities in the educator guide.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Fisheries Of Alaska In 1906, Issue 618
"The Fisheries Of Alaska In 1906" provides a detailed snapshot of Alaska's vital fishing industry at the turn of the 20th century. Authored by John Nathan Cobb and Howard M. Kutchin, this historical account offers insights into the methods, locations, and economic significance of Alaskan fisheries during a period of rapid development and expansion. This work captures the challenges and opportunities faced by fishermen and entrepreneurs in a remote and resource-rich territory. It is an invaluable resource for historians, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the historical exploitation of natural resources and the development of Alaska.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Report Of The Jamaica Bay Improvement Commission
This is the official "Report Of The Jamaica Bay Improvement Commission," detailing findings and recommendations concerning the development and preservation of Jamaica Bay. The report explores various aspects of Jamaica Bay, including its natural environment, existing infrastructure, and potential for recreational and commercial use. Special attention is paid to balancing the needs of conservation with those of urban development. The commission's analysis offers valuable insights into the complex challenges of managing coastal ecosystems in urban settings, providing a historical perspective on environmental planning and infrastructure development in the New York City area. This document is a crucial resource for researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in the ecological and economic dynamics of coastal urban environments.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Patterning and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Grown in a Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Chamber
This research studies the growth of carbon nanotubes from a nickel catalyst to be used on a eld emission device. A triode structure was created to be able to patterned the CNTs to improve the emission of electrons. Studies are performed on the e ects of hydrogen pretreatment on nickel catalyst of di erent thicknesses and deposition methods on a silicon substrate and how it will a ect the growth of carbon nanotubes using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The treated catalyst granule size and density was determined optically through scanning electron microscope images and atomic force microscope measurements. It was discovered that sputtered catalyst needs a longer pretreatment than evaporated catalyst. As expected, the pretreatment time must be increased as the catalyst thickness increases to get granule sizes and densities favorable for carbon nanotube growth. We also established the size of the catalyst granules correlated to the diameter of the multi walled CNTs grown. We determined the catalyst can be over treated causing catalyst conglomeration that result in poor CNT growth. The CNTs diameter was determined optically through scanning electron microscope images.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Nanotechnology
This research paper discusses the transformational potential of nanotechnology, by the year 2035, to threaten U.S. national security, but also to provide unique deterrence options. Nanotechnology is increasingly inextricably linked to America's global economic competitiveness and national security. By 2035 U.S. leadership in nanotechnology will enable a nanotechnology-empowered military as a critical combat multiplier in support of our national security. The last Secretary of Defense believed that a primary lesson of the Global War on Terror was that our exploitation of military capabilities was more crucial to our success than sheer mass. Nanotechnology offers a tremendous opportunity to transform our military capabilities.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Patterning and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Grown in a Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Chamber
This research studies the growth of carbon nanotubes from a nickel catalyst to be used on a eld emission device. A triode structure was created to be able to patterned the CNTs to improve the emission of electrons. Studies are performed on the e ects of hydrogen pretreatment on nickel catalyst of di erent thicknesses and deposition methods on a silicon substrate and how it will a ect the growth of carbon nanotubes using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The treated catalyst granule size and density was determined optically through scanning electron microscope images and atomic force microscope measurements. It was discovered that sputtered catalyst needs a longer pretreatment than evaporated catalyst. As expected, the pretreatment time must be increased as the catalyst thickness increases to get granule sizes and densities favorable for carbon nanotube growth. We also established the size of the catalyst granules correlated to the diameter of the multi walled CNTs grown. We determined the catalyst can be over treated causing catalyst conglomeration that result in poor CNT growth. The CNTs diameter was determined optically through scanning electron microscope images.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Providing a Theoretical Basis for Nanotoxicity Risk Analysis Departing From Traditional Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Novel properties of engineered nanoparticles that make them attractive may also present unique exposure risks. The traditional physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling assumption of instantaneous equilibration likely does not apply to nanoparticles. This simulation-based research begins with development of a model that includes di usion, active transport, and carrier mediated transport. Eigenvalue analysis was used to examine model behavior to focus future research. Results show that cellular transport processes greatly a ect biokinetics of nanoparticles. The new paradigm established by this research leverages traditional in vitro, in vivo, and PBPK modeling, but includes area under the curve to bridge animal testing results to humans. This allows assessment of risk and assists in setting appropriate exposure limits. The model provides critical understanding of nanoparticle biokinetics and allows estimation of total exposure. This e ort highlights future research needs and demonstrates how modeling can be used as a tool to advance nanoparticle risk assessment.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
NASA
The Lunar Nautics Educator Guide has 40 activities. Students assume roles of workers at Lunar Nautics Space Systems, Inc., a fictional aerospace company specializing in mission management, lunar habitat and exploration design, and scientific research. This guide features lessons that address the basics of Newton's Laws of Motion, rocket design, microgravity, and the moon. Students will design, test and analyze a model lunar lander, a robot, and a soda bottle rocket. Other activities include building edible models of spacecraft and a solar oven to cook hot dogs. Students can also build a microgravity sled as part of an underwater activity. Educators can use this guide in a variety of settings or formats, such as week-long day camps, after-school programs, a classroom unit or as supporting curriculum. The Student Employment Handbook supplements the Lunar Nautics Educator Guide. The handbook contains the student sheets that accompany the lessons and activities in the educator guide.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Consistency Properties for Growth Model Parameters Under an Infill Asymptotics Domain
Growth curves are used to model various processes, and are often seen in biological and agricultural studies. Underlying assumptions of many studies are that the process may be sampled forever, and that samples are statistically independent. We instead consider the case where sampling occurs in a finite domain, so that increased sampling forces samples closer together, and also assume a distance-based covariance function. We first prove that, under certain conditions, the mean parameter of a fixed-mean model cannot be estimated within a finite domain. We then numerically consider more complex growth curves, examining sample sizes, sample spacing, and quality of parameter estimates, and close with recommendations to practitioners.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Fisheries Of Alaska In 1906, Issue 618
"The Fisheries Of Alaska In 1906" provides a detailed snapshot of Alaska's vital fishing industry at the turn of the 20th century. Authored by John Nathan Cobb and Howard M. Kutchin, this historical account offers insights into the methods, locations, and economic significance of Alaskan fisheries during a period of rapid development and expansion. This work captures the challenges and opportunities faced by fishermen and entrepreneurs in a remote and resource-rich territory. It is an invaluable resource for historians, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the historical exploitation of natural resources and the development of Alaska.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Emulsions
This text, featuring contributions from leading experts, synthesizes foundational knowledge and cutting-edge research, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice. With an interdisciplinary scope, the book addresses both academic and industrial perspectives.
Micro- and Nanoscale Technologies in Drug Delivery
This new book covers recent advancements in the development of controlled drug delivery systems, offering novel perspectives, therapeutics, and strategies for the development of drug delivery, keeping the drug molecule as the central component. The book discusses current theoretical and practical aspects of drug delivery for the discovery and development of novel therapeutics for health problems. Explaining the necessary features essential for pharmacological activity, the volume takes an interdisciplinary approach by including a unique combination of pharmacy, chemistry, and medicine along with clinical aspects. It covers several important drug delivery systems and their chemical structures and pharmacological properties against various human diseases. Topics include the functionalized peptide-based nanoformulations, drug-delivery systems using hydrogel nanocomposite systems, protein-based nanocarriers, aqueous electrolyte solutions in clinical and pharmaceutical research, and more.
If Only Happiness Was a No-Brainer
Neuroscience reveals that happiness is not just a fleeting emotion, but a measurable brain state grounded in the brain's reward system and shaped by its social, cognitive, and aversive networks. Complementing these insights, psychology helps us understand which life goals are worth pursuing, which social connections most enrich our well-being, which self-help practices foster a positive mindset, and how to effectively manage the key obstacles to sustained happiness-stress, fear, and depression.If Only Happiness Was a No-Brainer integrates findings from neuroscience and psychology to present five essential pillars of happiness: pleasure, purpose, people, perspective, and resilience. Through lighthearted personal stories and clear, evidence-based insights, this book shows how each pillar is expressed in the brain-offering readers an understanding of how to have a more meaningful, connected, and happy lives.
Report Of The Jamaica Bay Improvement Commission
This is the official "Report Of The Jamaica Bay Improvement Commission," detailing findings and recommendations concerning the development and preservation of Jamaica Bay. The report explores various aspects of Jamaica Bay, including its natural environment, existing infrastructure, and potential for recreational and commercial use. Special attention is paid to balancing the needs of conservation with those of urban development. The commission's analysis offers valuable insights into the complex challenges of managing coastal ecosystems in urban settings, providing a historical perspective on environmental planning and infrastructure development in the New York City area. This document is a crucial resource for researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in the ecological and economic dynamics of coastal urban environments.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Flat-Out Facts
For generations, "speed kills" has shaped the way societies approach road safety-fueling laws, campaigns, and enforcement strategies that prioritize velocity as the prime danger on our streets and highways. But what if the story is more complicated? In Flat-Out Facts: The Dark Side of Demonizing Speed, readers are taken on an eye-opening journey through the evidence, from crash statistics and neuroscience to case studies on racetracks and highways worldwide. This book challenges simplistic narratives, revealing how factors like skill, infrastructure, context, and human behavior interact in ways the "speed kills" slogan overlooks.Drawing on data from leading countries and regions, the book uncovers why some of the most heavily policed roads remain deadly, while others thrive at higher speeds under the right conditions. It exposes the trade-offs-economic, social, and health-related-of overly punitive speed policies, and reveals how well-intentioned rules can sometimes backfire, increasing risk or reducing mobility. With clarity and balance, Flat-Out Facts makes the case for smarter, evidence-driven policies that protect lives without sacrificing freedom and progress.A must-read for policymakers, safety advocates, and anyone interested in the realities behind the headlines, this book empowers readers to demand honest debate, nuanced thinking, and genuine innovation in the pursuit of safer, saner roads.
Audubon Nature Wall Calendar 2026
NATURE'S MAJESTY: See the world from home with twelve months of nature's beauty, diversity, and awe-inspiring power. Featuring a variety of landscapes, from Hawai'i's stunning Rainbow Falls to the otherworldly desert landscapes of the Navajo Nation. AUDUBON EXPERTISE: This calendar features the stunning birds Audubon is known for, including Tricolored Herons and many more, but the incredible environments they inhabit are the real focus. GORGEOUS GIFT: Nature lovers and environmentalists will love this year of exquisite full-color photographs of the world's most pristine landscapes and distinctive wildlife. NOW PLASTIC-FREE!: Workman wall calendars are completely plastic-free! Now printed with an extended paper flap closed with a fully recyclable seal--no more shrink-wrap!
To Establish the Gold Butte National Conservation Area in Clark County, Nevada, to Conserve, Protect, and Enhance the Cultural, Archaeological, Natural, Wilderness, Scientific, Geological, Historical,
The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print-on-demand basis, using only what is necessary to meet the required demands of an interested public. We invite you to learn of the records of the U.S. Government, heightening the knowledge and debate that can lead from such publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A First Course Of Practical Science
"A First Course Of Practical Science" by John Henry Leonard offers a comprehensive introduction to scientific experimentation and principles. Designed as a practical guide, this book provides full directions for conducting experiments and includes numerous exercises to reinforce learning. It serves as an invaluable resource for students and educators seeking a hands-on approach to understanding scientific concepts. With its emphasis on practical application, this course aims to foster a deeper appreciation for the scientific method and encourage active engagement with the material. This educational resource is structured to make science accessible and engaging, making it a foundational text for anyone embarking on a scientific journey.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
If Only Happiness Was a No-Brainer
Neuroscience reveals that happiness is not just a fleeting emotion, but a measurable brain state grounded in the brain's reward system and shaped by its social, cognitive, and aversive networks. Complementing these insights, psychology helps us understand which life goals are worth pursuing, which social connections most enrich our well-being, which self-help practices foster a positive mindset, and how to effectively manage the key obstacles to sustained happiness-stress, fear, and depression.If Only Happiness Was a No-Brainer integrates findings from neuroscience and psychology to present five essential pillars of happiness: pleasure, purpose, people, perspective, and resilience. Through lighthearted personal stories and clear, evidence-based insights, this book shows how each pillar is expressed in the brain-offering readers an understanding of how to have a more meaningful, connected, and happy lives.
Sorrow's Long Road
After the research psychologist Barbara Blatchley lost her husband and partner of thirty-six years, her life changed utterly. Seeking to understand the pain and confusion she felt, Blatchley began exploring the psychology and neuroscience of bereavement. Why does grief last so long and hurt so much? How do we come to terms with loss? In Sorrow's Long Road, Blatchley interweaves an engaging and reader-friendly look at the research on grief with her powerful personal narrative. Beginning with the day of her husband's death, she traces the questions that loss raised and the answers that science provides. Blatchley examines the psychology of love and attachment, detailing how we bond with others and what happens when those bonds are broken. She considers the storm of emotions that the bereaved experience, as well as both the physical and psychological effects of grieving. Blatchley maps out how we adapt to the changes that loss brings and find a new identity afterward. In addition to her own experiences, she shares the stories of other people who have suffered a loss and struggled to recover, illustrating how grief changes over time. Accessibly written and deeply empathetic, Sorrow's Long Road humanizes the science, showing how psychology and neuroscience can help us make sense of the darkest times in our lives.
Constructive Axiomatics for Spacetime Physics
The programme of 'constructive axiomatics', promulgated by Hans Reichenbach in 1924, seeks to build up the architecture of our best theories of physics from basic axioms supposedly imbued with immediate and indubitable empirical content. Taking inspiration from Reichenbach, Hermann Weyl proposed his own 'causal-inertial' approach to the constructive axiomatization of Einstein's general relativity, according to which a relativistic spacetime can be constructed solely from the trajectories of light rays and freely-falling particles; this project, however, came to fruition only in 1972, with the constructive axiomatization of general relativity due to Ehlers, Pirani, and Schild ('EPS'). One century since Reichenbach, and fifty years since EPS, Constructive Axiomatics for Spacetime Physics is a celebration of the constructive axiomatic methodology. It achieves four main tasks. First, it provides a thoroughgoing presentation of the EPS axiomatization, closing missing loopholes, identifying problematic axioms, and so forth--in this way, one gains a much-improved appreciation of the extent to which a causal-inertial approach to general relativity might succeed, and of what such an approach might offer. Second, it synthesizes and assesses the vast but disparate literature on constructive axiomatics which has arisen over the past century and sets the methodology in its proper philosophical context. Third, it generalizes the approach to apply to quantum spacetimes. And fourth, it applies the approach to the context of non-relativistic spacetime physics. All in all, the book demonstrates that constructive axiomatics is live-and-kicking; the book will become the go-to resource for this way of philosophizing about the nature of space and time.
Sorrow's Long Road
After the research psychologist Barbara Blatchley lost her husband and partner of thirty-six years, her life changed utterly. Seeking to understand the pain and confusion she felt, Blatchley began exploring the psychology and neuroscience of bereavement. Why does grief last so long and hurt so much? How do we come to terms with loss? In Sorrow's Long Road, Blatchley interweaves an engaging and reader-friendly look at the research on grief with her powerful personal narrative. Beginning with the day of her husband's death, she traces the questions that loss raised and the answers that science provides. Blatchley examines the psychology of love and attachment, detailing how we bond with others and what happens when those bonds are broken. She considers the storm of emotions that the bereaved experience, as well as both the physical and psychological effects of grieving. Blatchley maps out how we adapt to the changes that loss brings and find a new identity afterward. In addition to her own experiences, she shares the stories of other people who have suffered a loss and struggled to recover, illustrating how grief changes over time. Accessibly written and deeply empathetic, Sorrow's Long Road humanizes the science, showing how psychology and neuroscience can help us make sense of the darkest times in our lives.
Active Inference
The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior--a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a "first principles" approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.
Ansel Adams 2026 Wall Calendar
Enjoy Ansel Adams' iconic photographs all year long in this durable wire-bound wall calendar featuring pages designed to be framed at the year's end. The photographs of Ansel Adams are among America's finest cultural treasures, and are the foundation of his tremendous legacy of environmental activism. A pioneer of photographic technique and one the 20th century's most influential artists in any medium, Adams and his creative vision remain as relevant and convincing as ever. Ansel Adams' "Authorized Edition" calendars have been a beloved annual tradition for over 40 years. The 2026 wall calendar includes: Fourteen spectacular black and white landscape photographs, carefully selected and sequenced to reflect the changing seasons Large format 12.8" x 15.6" wall calendar (25.6" x 15.6" open) Spectacular views from Yosemite National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Denali National Park, and beyond Superior reproduction quality: Printed in rich duotone on premium paper stock, making each page suitable for framing at year's end. Features US and Canadian legal holidays, phases of the moon, and major religious holidays This calendar is a perfect housewarming gift, holiday gift, or inspirational gift for lovers of fine art, photography, nature, and the outdoors. It is printed in the United States of America, and a portion of the proceeds from the sale of Ansel Adams' calendars goes to support the Center for Creative Photography. For more ways to enjoy the photography of Ansel Adams, look for Little, Brown and Company's Ansel Adams in the National Parks and Ansel Adams' Yosemite
A First Course Of Practical Science
"A First Course Of Practical Science" by John Henry Leonard offers a comprehensive introduction to scientific experimentation and principles. Designed as a practical guide, this book provides full directions for conducting experiments and includes numerous exercises to reinforce learning. It serves as an invaluable resource for students and educators seeking a hands-on approach to understanding scientific concepts. With its emphasis on practical application, this course aims to foster a deeper appreciation for the scientific method and encourage active engagement with the material. This educational resource is structured to make science accessible and engaging, making it a foundational text for anyone embarking on a scientific journey.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Idaho Natural Resources
Idaho Natural Resources provides a comprehensive overview of the management and conservation efforts undertaken by the U.S. Department of Interior in the state of Idaho. This essential resource details the Department's role in overseeing public lands, protecting endangered species, and managing natural resources for sustainable use. Readers will gain valuable insights into the complex interplay between economic development and environmental stewardship in one of America's most ecologically diverse states. This book serves as an important reference for policymakers, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the future of Idaho's natural heritage.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
