Decision-Making in Life and Work
This groundbreaking volume brings together leading researchers to explore the latest findings on the psychological and physiological factors that shape decision-making. It offers a uniquely multidisciplinary perspective, integrating insights from neuroscience, economics, public policy, and other fields to provide a comprehensive understanding of how we make choices in both personal and professional contexts. Designed for researchers, professionals, instructors, and students interested in decision science, this book delves into several key areas. It explores the cognitive biases and heuristics that influence our decisions. The book also examines the role of emotions and intuition in decision-making. Additionally, it investigates the neuroscience behind information processing and judgment. It also provides strategies we can use to make better decisions in real-world settings. The chapters, written by experts in the field, cover a wide range of topics ranging from the foundations of decision theory to the latest research on the neural bases of decision-making, providing readers with a rich understanding of the subject. Through its multidisciplinary approach and emphasis on practical applications, this volume offers readers valuable insights and tools for enhancing their own decision-making skills. Whether you are a researcher studying decision-making processes, a professional looking to make better judgments in important situations, or an instructor teaching decision science, this book provides a comprehensive and accessible resource that will deepen your understanding of this critical area of human behavior.
Blindness and Visual Impairments
Blindness, Volume 292 in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Chapters in this new release include Temperature as a circadian timing cue in the visually impaired, Visual experience affects neural correlates of audio-haptic integration: A case study of non-sighted individuals, Visual experience affects neural correlates of audio-haptic integration: A case study of non-sighted individuals, Measuring residual visual function after cerebral damage - a potential path for optimizing rehabilitation approaches, and Persistence of training-induced visual improvements after occipital stroke, amongst other topics. Other chapters in this release include Well-being, mental health, and sleep in children and young people with vision impairment: A narrative review, Changes to the brain due to visual impairment, Information Processing in People with Visual Impairments, Case studies of the migraine aura in the blind or partially sighted, HABEMO: an innovative haptic tool for investigating the bodily representation of mental states in individuals with visual impairments, and Affect in the dark: navigating the complex landscape of social cognition in blindness, and An overview of quality of life and visual outcomes in AMD.
The Microscope, in Its Special Application to Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology, Tr. by F. Currey
The Microscope, in Its Special Application to Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology, Tr. by F. Currey
Impasse
We need a new realism in the face of global climate catastrophe. Extreme heat, fires, floods, and storms are transforming our planet. Yet instead of serious responses from world leaders, we get increasing emissions, divisive politics, and ersatz solutions that offer more of the same: more capitalism, more complexity, more "progress." The impasse we face is not only political and institutional, but cognitive, existential, and narrative. We're incapable of grasping the scale, speed, and impact of global warming. Our brains can't make sense of how radically our world is changing. And we optimistically cling to a civilizational narrative that promises a better tomorrow if we just keep doing what we're doing. It's well past time, Roy Scranton argues, to free ourselves from our dangerous and dogmatic faith in progress. Such unwarranted optimism will only accelerate our collective disintegration. If we want to have any hope at all for the future, it must be grounded in a recognition of human limits--a view Scranton calls ethical pessimism. Drawing from psychology, philosophy, history, and politics, as well as film, literature, and personal experience, Scranton describes the challenges we face in making sense of our predicament, from problems in communication to questions of justice, from the inherent biases in human perception to the difficulties of empirical knowledge. What emerges is a challenging but ultimately hopeful proposition: if we have the courage to accept our limits, we may find a way to embrace our unknowable future.
Neuroscience and Society
Advances in neuroscience research are rapidly redefining what it means to be human. The absence of the brain/mind dichotomy has, in turn, removed the separation between our brain biology and our sociocultural experiences, raising questions for social sciences to address. How responsible are we, as individuals, for our actions? Do we have free will? Is it ethical for us to peer into others' brains? How are our collective social cultural norms influenced by our brain function? At the same time, neuroscientists need to develop better intuition about the ethical, legal, and social implications of their research. Close collaboration between neuroscience and social sciences is the best way forward.This book acts as an introduction to these and other issues that lie at the interface of neuroscience and social sciences, using the physiological underpinnings of our decision-making processes as a framework. Examples of topics addressed here are: - Neuroscience and economics- Neuroscience and law- Neuroscience and ethics- Neuroscience and mental health- Neuroscience of religion and humourThe book is intended for students of neuroscience and social sciences, as well as readers generally interested in the human condition. It is hoped that the book will stimulate cross-disciplinary thinking and inspire a new generation of thinkers who are willing to look at both social sciences and neuroscience research with a different lens. Such bridge builders will be the pioneers of the next level of interrogation at this emerging interface.Dr. Sukumar Vijayaraghavan is a neuroscientist and professor at the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine. He has wide-ranging interests from synaptic transmission, olfaction, and drug addiction to graduate education and the interaction between neuroscience and social sciences.Dr. Gidon Felsen is a professor in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. His research focuses on the neural mechanisms of decisions and actions under normal and pathological conditions and on how neuroscience can inform societally relevant questions
Microbiome in Neurological Conditions: Biology, Mechanisms, and Diagnostic Approach
Neuroscience and Society
Advances in neuroscience research are rapidly redefining what it means to be human. The absence of the brain/mind dichotomy has, in turn, removed the separation between our brain biology and our sociocultural experiences, raising questions for social sciences to address. How responsible are we, as individuals, for our actions? Do we have free will? Is it ethical for us to peer into others' brains? How are our collective social cultural norms influenced by our brain function? At the same time, neuroscientists need to develop better intuition about the ethical, legal, and social implications of their research. Close collaboration between neuroscience and social sciences is the best way forward.This book acts as an introduction to these and other issues that lie at the interface of neuroscience and social sciences, using the physiological underpinnings of our decision-making processes as a framework. Examples of topics addressed here are: - Neuroscience and economics- Neuroscience and law- Neuroscience and ethics- Neuroscience and mental health- Neuroscience of religion and humourThe book is intended for students of neuroscience and social sciences, as well as readers generally interested in the human condition. It is hoped that the book will stimulate cross-disciplinary thinking and inspire a new generation of thinkers who are willing to look at both social sciences and neuroscience research with a different lens. Such bridge builders will be the pioneers of the next level of interrogation at this emerging interface.Dr. Sukumar Vijayaraghavan is a neuroscientist and professor at the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine. He has wide-ranging interests from synaptic transmission, olfaction, and drug addiction to graduate education and the interaction between neuroscience and social sciences.Dr. Gidon Felsen is a professor in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. His research focuses on the neural mechanisms of decisions and actions under normal and pathological conditions and on how neuroscience can inform societally relevant questions
Identifying Future-Proof Science
Is science getting at the truth? The sceptics--those who spread doubt about science--often employ a simple argument: scientists were 'sure' in the past, and then they ended up being wrong. Through a combination of historical investigation and philosophical-sociological analysis, Identifying Future-Proof Science defends science against this potentially dangerous scepticism. Indeed, we can confidently identify many scientific claims that are future-proof: they will last forever, so long as science continues. How do we identify future-proof claims? This appears to be a new question for science scholars, and not an unimportant one. It is argued that the best way to identify future-proof science is to avoid any attempt to analyse the relevant first-order scientific evidence, instead focusing purely on second-order evidence. Specifically, a scientific claim is future-proof when the relevant scientific community is large, international, and diverse, and at least 95 per cent of that community would describe the claim as a 'scientific fact'. In the entire history of science, no claim meeting these criteria has ever been overturned, despite enormous opportunity.
Wisdom in the Age of Intelligent Machines
This book offers an innovative approach to evaluating information and knowledge and its relation to the good life, in the Age of Autonomous Intelligent Machines, through the concept of Wisdom. Wisdom is understood as a type of meta-information and meta-knowledge, which comprises epistemic, ethical, and eudaimonic features, and provides a direct conceptual and practical link between the concepts of information, intelligence, knowledge, the good life, and wellbeing. More generally, it provides a direct link between technology and in particular Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, the good life and wellbeing. As such, the concept of wisdom allows for a direct normative evaluation of the impact the dissemination of information through ICTs and AI technologies have on the wellbeing of individuals and society at large. It provides a theoretical rationale to demonstrate the important and relevant role that wisdom plays in the specific evaluation of information in the digital and technological age in which we now live. To that end, a methodological approach is used in this book to show how some different general types of practical manifestations of digital information and intelligence can be normatively evaluated (if they are good or bad for us) through the application of the concept of wisdom. Edward H. Spence draws from the Stoics to present a neo-Stoic account of wisdom, which he then then applies to the technologies in question.
Music and Dementia
Music and Dementia: Theory and Implications for Music Use in Dementia Care presents research on the effect of music on the brain for neurodegenerative diseases and care. This volume examines the neurological impact of music from research to clinical application, offering case studies and practical steps. The current book will be of interest to researchers in dementia and neurodegeneration, as well as practitioners and clinicians interested in the therapeutic application of music in dementia care.
Constructing the Present
Constructing the Present: An Investigation into Time-Consciousness investigates what time is like for us as subjects and answers the question of how our experiential present comes to be. While addressing a variety of outstanding debates in the field, the book proposes that our temporal phenomenology is best understood as transcending traditional forms of analysis. The book ultimately concludes that time is not something we experience, but rather the way we construct our experience of the world. In the spirit of William James, McKenna suggests that the present occupies a window of time known as the "specious present". McKenna claims that the duration of this subjective window is determined by the real temporal properties of experience, but also that experiential events are, as Edmund Husserl believed, temporally directed to varying degrees and in nested fashion in a way that affects their particular qualitative character. This specific proposal is called ERA: the extensional-retentional analysis of temporal phenomenology. Besides doing justice to our temporal phenomenology, McKenna's overall position aligns with contemporary predictive approaches to the cognitive architecture of the mind. This exciting new way of thinking sees the brain as a predictive engine whose ongoing activities construct our rich subjective experiences. Taking inspiration from this movement, this book introduces a complementary position called Temporality as Iterative Expectation Revision (or TIER). According to TIER, temporal phenomenology results from predictive activities of the brain occurring throughout an integrated multilevel cognitive processing hierarchy. Such a system is sensitive to the ongoing flux of environmental stimuli while retaining prior expectations and constantly updating our experiences probabilistically to ensure survival. The actual activity of this ongoing process, rather than its content, gives rise to the felt present, which is continuously constructed anew. Constructing the Present: An Investigation into Time-Consciousness functions as a scholarly defense of a provocative, plausible, and cohesive set of theses, while also confronting numerous adjacent philosophical issues along the way. By approaching the subject from the standpoint of empirically informed philosophy of mind, the present work fills a significant gap in the literature. The book should appeal especially to philosophically inclined researchers and students interested in cognitive science, psychology, and neuroscience, as well as philosophy of mind.
The Skull, And The Cranial And First Spinal Muscles And Nerves In Scomber
Brain Networks in Neuroscience
This book is an in-depth exploration of brain networks, providing a comprehensive understanding of their structures, functions, and implications for personalization through artificial intelligence. Readers will gain insights into the intricate workings of the brain, making this book an indispensable resource for those seeking a thorough grasp of neuroscience concepts. It offers the seamless integration of neuroscience principles with artificial intelligence applications. The book bridges these two domains, elucidating how advancements in AI draw inspiration from the complexities of the human brain. This interdisciplinary approach sets the book apart, offering readers a holistic view of cutting-edge technologies. Readers can expect practical applications and real-world case studies that illustrate the tangible benefits of the concepts discussed. From personalized healthcare solutions to adaptive learning systems, the book goes beyond theory, empowering readers to apply knowledge in diverse domains. This practical emphasis enhances the book's relevance for professionals and researchers alike. The inclusion of online enhancements, such as interactive visualizations, downloadable supplementary materials, and engaging video content, transforms the reading experience into an interactive learning journey. This added value distinguishes the book by providing readers with hands-on tools to deepen their understanding and apply newfound knowledge.This book doesn't just dwell on current technologies; it takes readers into the future by exploring emerging trends at the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence. By delving into potential breakthroughs and innovations, the book equips readers with insights that are forward-thinking and relevant in an ever-evolving technological landscape.
Catalogue Of Specimens Of Indian Forest Produce For The Paris Exhibition Of 1878
Process Realism in Physics
Science should tell us what the world is like. However, realist interpretations of physics face many problems, chief among them the pessimistic meta induction. This book seeks to develop a realist position based on process ontology that avoids the traditional problems of realism. Primarily, the core claim is that in order for a scientific model to be minimally empirically adequate, that model must describe real experimental processes and dynamics. Any additional inferences from processes to things, substances or objects are not warranted, and so these inferences are shown to represent the locus of the problems of realism. The book then examines the history of physics to show that the progress of physical research is one of successive eliminations of thing interpretations of models in favor of more explanatory and experimentally verified process interpretations. This culminates in collections of models that cannot coherently allow for thing interpretations, but still successfully describe processes.
