Insulating Materials for Future Power Systems
A wide variety of electrical materials, including polymeric insulating materials, energy storage materials, functional ceramics, semiconductive sensing materials, and high-conductive metallic materials, comprise the complex power transmission system. Recently, modern renewable energy systems are replacing traditional energy systems due to the more precise and controlled power stations. In this context, insulation materials, as one of the core components in electrical power equipment, will face unprecedented challenges and opportunities that may enhance operational complexity while reducing the power system's safety and reliability.The variations in operational conditions raise questions about the insulation strength of the numerous ultra-high voltage (UHV) assets that have been newly developed. Consequently, there is an essential need for a credible performance analysis, defect detection, and condition assessment of insulation materials in UHV equipment.Therefore, in this reprint, we discuss several interesting topics focusing on the fabrication, performance analysis, deterioration mechanisms, defect detection, and condition assessment of new electrical materials.
Advances in Boundary Lubrication
This Reprint summarises recent advancements in the science and application of boundary lubrication. The collection of articles addresses the fundamental mechanisms of friction and wear at contacting interfaces, including molecular dynamics simulations, predictive statistical models, and methodologies for tribological testing. Experimental studies emphasise the importance of advanced additives, such as MXenes and carbon quantum dots, alongside sustainable formulations derived from vegetable oils and esters. Contributions also investigate tribosystem robustness, forging processes utilising bio-based lubricants, and the integration of modelling with experimental validation. By combining theoretical insights, innovative materials research, and practical testing strategies, this Reprint provides a comprehensive overview of how boundary lubrication is evolving in response to the demands of modern machinery and sustainable engineering. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and enhance lubricant performance under challenging contact conditions.
Engineering the Future
In an era of rapid technological advancement, the future of engineering depends on creating systems that are not only high-performing but also resilient and adaptable to constant change. Engineering the Future: Mastering Systems Design and Resilience offers a comprehensive exploration of how robotics, artificial intelligence, and digital systems integration are transforming engineering practices and enabling the development of scalable, intelligent solutions for tomorrow's challenges. This book focuses on the essential principles of systems engineering, providing a clear roadmap for designing systems that can withstand disruption while remaining flexible enough to evolve with emerging technologies. With robotics and digital integration at the forefront, the book explores how to create solutions that optimize efficiency, enhance operational performance, and drive innovation across industries. The emphasis on resilience throughout the book underscores the importance of designing systems that can not only meet immediate demands but also adapt over time to new technologies, market shifts, and evolving industry needs. Readers will gain valuable insights into how to build future-proof systems that are both efficient and sustainable, leveraging the latest advances in robotics and AI to stay ahead of the curve. Through actionable strategies and practical advice, Engineering the Future empowers engineers, technology leaders, and innovators to navigate the challenges of digital transformation and harness the full potential of integrated systems. Whether you're designing automation solutions, integrating AI into complex systems, or preparing your organization for the digital future, this book provides the essential tools and knowledge for mastering systems design and resilience in a rapidly changing world.
An Intelligent Approach for Seizure Detection Using Data Analysis
Blurb for the Book: An Intelligent Approach for Seizure Detection using Data Analysis In an era of advanced healthcare technology, the battle against epilepsy demands innovative solutions. An Intelligent Approach for Seizure Detection using Data Analysis delves into the transformative role of artificial intelligence and data science in detecting and predicting seizures with precision. This groundbreaking book explores cutting-edge methodologies, including machine learning algorithms and EEG signal analysis, to uncover patterns and insights that enhance diagnosis and patient care. Designed for researchers, clinicians, and technology enthusiasts, this work bridges the gap between medicine and technology, offering a path to improved lives through intelligent healthcare systems.
Mastering Electronic Components
Discover the Building Blocks of Modern Electronics! Step into the exciting world of electronics with Mastering Electronic Components, a comprehensive guide designed for beginners, students, and professionals alike. This book breaks down the complexity of electronic components into simple, easy-to-understand explanations, making it an essential resource for anyone eager to master the fundamentals of electronics. From passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors to active elements such as diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits, Mastering Electronic Components explores the essential parts of every electronic device. Learn their functions, features, testing methods, and practical applications with real-world examples and illustrations. Whether you want to build your first circuit, repair electronic devices, or deepen your understanding of how electronics work, this book is your go-to reference. It includes step-by-step guides, troubleshooting tips, and exercises to reinforce your knowledge, ensuring you gain both theoretical insights and practical skills. Key Features: 1. A complete overview of electronic components: passive, active, electromechanical, optoelectronic, and integrated circuits. 2. Detailed testing methods using multimeters and other tools. 3. Practical examples and exercises to apply your knowledge. 4. Insights into modern technologies like semiconductors and voltage regulation. 5. Ideal for DIY enthusiasts, students, and engineers. Electronics power the modern world. With Mastering Electronic Components, you'll gain the confidence to explore, design, and repair electronic systems. Whether it's for work, study, or hobby, this book equips you with the skills to thrive in the ever-evolving field of electronics. Take your first step into the fascinating universe of electronics today!
Zero-Carton Fuel Turbulent Combustion Flow Characteristics in Gas Turbine
Turbulent combustion is an extremely complex process, the core issues are the turbulence structure and the combustion flame structure as well as components, diffusion mixing of fuel and air, interactions between vortex and flame, flame propagation and stability, et al. To meet the future development requirements of gas turbine with high parameters, low emissions, wide load range, and multi-fuel capabilities (including hydrogen or ammonia fuels), advanced combustion technologies must be developed to match these needs. The issue of gas turbines adaptability to different zero-carbon fuels and variable loads urgently necessitates the updating of airflow/combustion organization modes and combustion methods. This book deals mainly with zero-carton fuel combustion flow characteristics in different combustors of gas turbine, such as swirl combustion, multiple direct-injection combustion, jet combustion coupling guide ring, and bidirectional vortex combustion, to reveal the core issues of turbulence combustion, and provide the theoretical insights for engineering applications.
Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Explore the frontiers of regenerative medicine with Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering, a comprehensive guide through the development, materials, and innovative techniques that shape the future of bone repair. Focusing on a novel bionanocomposite by blending PLA and PBAT with nanoclay fillers, and applying advanced 3D printing and CO₂ foaming techniques to create structures that mimic natural bone, this work provides a robust foundation for the future of bone regeneration. Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering bridges the gap combining rigorous scientific inquiry from laboratory research with practical clinical applications, offering cutting-edge solutions to overcome the limitations of traditional grafting and implant technology, making it essential for those dedicated to advancing regenerative medicine and transforming the landscape of bone tissue engineering.
Cutting-Edge Construction Technologies for Complex Structures
With the advancement of society, the functions of buildings have evolved beyond mere residential and office purposes. Modern architectural aesthetics strive for individuality and innovation, while urban competition drives the creation of iconic structures to enhance a city's image. These landmarks often possess unique forms that captivate attention. The the Intercontinental Shanghai Wonderland Project is the world's first natural ecological hotel built in an abandoned 88 meter underground pit. The aluminum alloy shell in the Nanjing Niushou Mountain Buddha Palace project is the largest free-form surface aluminum alloy shell structure in Asia, supported by four tree shaped steel structural columns. The Ningbo International Conference Center Project incorporates elements of Chinese traditional culture into its architectural style, resulting in the world's first corrido bridge international conference center. These intricate building designs pose significant challenges to engineering construction. Taking these representative complex building in China as an example, this book provides detailed insights into innovative construction technologies employed in such projects. It covers various aspects including BIM technology application throughout the entire construction process and across all professions involved in complex building projects; Self-balancing elevating construction scheme used in large-scale tree-shaped steel structure projects; construction methods for large-span steel lattice shell structures; Cumulative slip construction approaches for large-span space aluminum alloy structures and reverse construction methodologies applied to underground five-star hotels. By implementing these innovative technologies, further advancements can be made towards promoting scientific and technological progress within the building industry.
Comparative Analysis of Structure Wall Framed Tube System and Framed Tube System Using ETABS
With the growing cost and demand of clients as well as architects, it is imperative to deliver a robust and economical structural design. Framed tube and structural wall systems are relatively unexplored and have the potential to be the leading structural system of choice among engineers to withstand lateral seismic loads, even if many other structural systems have been utilised to provide an appropriate design. The most common approach for analyzing the distribution of seismic force was response spectrum analysis, and the preferred software for both analysis and design is ETABS. In the present study, analysis of building with structure wall framed system was compared with that of frame tube system using ETABS software. The primary gaol of the study was to examine the stiffness, base shear, drift, and deflections of two structural systems, namely the structure wall framed tube system and the frame tube system, for earthquake and gravity loads. The analytical findings demonstrated a substantial decrease in the dynamic response of the structure, namely in terms of base shear. The inclusion of structurally framed walls resulted in a reduction of 9.11% and 16.88% in x and y-direction, respectively. Additionally, there was a substantial decrease in the displacement, story drift, and fundamental time period of the structure.
Failure Behavior and Mechanism of a Slope Under the Action of Earthquake and Rainfall
Earthquake and rainfall may be coupled, which will lead to landslides easily, but the studies about this problem are at the initial stage. In this paper, the failure behavior and mechanism of a slope under the action of earthquake after rainfall were investigated with a shaking table test, based on similarity law. The experimental results showed that the failure process of the slope during earthquake after rainfall undergoes four characteristic stages. There exist velocity zoning in the slope during failure. The moisture content of soil in the slope has different growth rates at different positions during rainfall. Transient and cumulative pore water pressure occurs in the slope during earthquake after rainfall. However, due to the short period of earthquake action, the soil moisture content is not very sensitive to this action, but the pore water pressure changes sharply during earthquake. Under the combined action of rainfall and earthquake, there is a multi-physical field effect in the slope. Rainfall weakens the strength of the soil, mainly causes local instability of the slope. More extensive damage of the slope is caused under the combined action of seismic inertia force.
Emerging methodologies in waterbody delineation
In an era where sustainable water management is critical, the accurate identification and delineation of waterbodies have never been more important. Emerging Methodologies in Waterbody Delineation: An In-depth Review offers a comprehensive exploration of the cutting-edge techniques shaping the field today. From traditional cartographic practices to modern innovations such as satellite remote sensing, GIS-based mapping, and AI-driven algorithms, this book delves into the evolution of waterbody delineation. It examines the strengths and limitations of various approaches while highlighting the importance of integrating technology with environmental stewardship. Whether you're a researcher, environmentalist, or policymaker, this book provides the insights needed to navigate the complexities of hydrological mapping in a rapidly changing world. Authored by S. Rajeswari and P. Rathika, it stands as a definitive resource for advancing knowledge and practices in this crucial domain.
Leveraging Industrial Management Principles to Improve Sustainability and Efficiency in Food Process
This book delves into the application of industrial management principles to address critical challenges in the global food processing industry, such as resource depletion, environmental impacts, and inefficiencies in production. The study explores how Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, Total Quality Management (TQM), and Industry 4.0 technologies can revolutionize sustainability and operational efficiency in food processing. Lean Manufacturing principles focus on waste reduction and process optimization, employing tools like 5S, Value Stream Mapping, and Just-in-Time (JIT) production to streamline operations. Six Sigma enhances quality and consistency through data-driven methods, while TQM promotes continuous improvement and fosters a culture of excellence across all organizational levels. The integration of Industry 4.0 technologies-such as Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data Analytics, and Cyber-Physical Systems-enables real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and greater process control. These technologies reduce waste, optimize energy usage, and enhance product quality, paving the way for a more sustainable and resilient food supply chain. This book highlights the potential of combining these methodologies to create holistic solutions for the industry. For instance, Lean Six Sigma blends the strengths of both approaches, improving efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. Similarly, the synergy between TQM and Industry 4.0 technologies facilitates rapid, data-driven decision-making while ensuring compliance with stringent food safety standards. Despite the benefits, the book acknowledges the challenges in adopting these principles, including high implementation costs, workforce training requirements, and technological integration hurdles. Recommendations include developing clear implementation strategies, enhancing employee training, and fostering a culture of change to overcome these barriers. By adopting these principles, the food processing industry can achieve sustainable growth, reduce its environmental footprint, and ensure long-term food security while maintaining profitability and high product standards.
Towards Sustainable Construction
"Towards Sustainable Construction: Green Building Materials and Technologies Reshaping the Industry for a Greener Future" explores the innovative materials and technologies reshaping the construction industry toward sustainability. This book delves into various eco-friendly building materials, including recycled materials, bio-based products, and energy-efficient solutions. Each chapter presents detailed case studies highlighting successful applications, sustainability assessments, and the environmental impacts of these materials. Readers will gain insight into the benefits of green materials, such as reduced carbon footprints, improved indoor air quality, and enhanced durability. The book also addresses the challenges of adopting these materials, offering practical guidance for architects, builders, and policymakers on integrating sustainability into their projects. With expert contributions and up-to-date research, this comprehensive resource serves as a vital tool for navigating the modern landscape of eco-friendly construction, inspiring a shift towards a more sustainable future in the built environment.
Fungal Enzymes
Existing circumstances demand a more sustainable, ecofriendly and cost-effective dealings worldwide to deal with the growing troubles of environmental issues. The main aspiration of this effort is to opt for such ideas and technologies which involve cleaner and greener procedures for utilizing waste materials for deriving value added products. The soil pertaining to areas of oil mills contains densely population of various microbes', especially fungal origin. These microbes are rich in lipase content (due to oil source). Isolation of fungal colonies from oil rich soil to ferment them under various conditions to extract fungal enzyme i.e. lipase and then used it for further applications. Lipases are highly versatile and industrially important enzymes. Deriving the lipases from waste soil is the main appeal of this work and is a venture strategizing the "best from waste" approach.
Strain in Carbon Fiber Laminates
Carbon fiber composites have become the core material of modern industry with their lightweight and high strength properties, but their complex orthogonal anisotropy, multi-angle layup and multi-layer structural properties pose great challenges for accurate strain measurement and calculation. Breaking through the traditional research framework, this book presents a set of methods for internal strain assessment of carbon fiber laminates based on experimental measurement techniques, injecting new perspectives into this field. By selecting carbon fiber laminate samples with different layup angles and thicknesses, this book systematically compares the synergistic application of traditional measurement tools such as tensiometers and strain gauges with HyperMesh finite element simulation, and accurately analyzes the distribution of strain in the main direction of internal layers. The high agreement between experimental data and simulation results not only verifies the reliability of the method, but also reveals the mechanical response mechanism of multilayer composites. The methodology proposed in the book provides a set of quantifiable and reproducible practical framework for the structural optimization design, performance evaluation and engineering application of composite materials.
The Art of Audio
Discover the Art of Audio In a world where technology continuously pushes the boundaries of creativity, ""The Art of Audio: Generating Text and Images"" offers an illuminating journey into the innovative intersection of sound, language, and visuals through machine learning. Explore how neural networks transform raw audio into meaningful text and captivating imagery, revealing the profound possibilities of multimodal artificial intelligence. From groundbreaking research to practical applications, this book delves into the methods, challenges, and triumphs of harnessing audio data to create a seamless bridge between different forms of expression. Whether you're a tech enthusiast, a data scientist, or an AI researcher, this book offers: Insights into state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. Real-world applications of audio-to-text and text-to-image synthesis. A compelling vision of the future of multimodal AI. Join Krishnaja Jayan on this transformative exploration of how machines can redefine creativity and bring new dimensions to storytelling.
Advances in Grid-tied PV Inverters II
The renewable energy industry has grown dramatically in recent years as a result of global green missions. PVs are widely regarded as the most cost-effective renewable energy source. For PV-battery hybrid systems, the system operates in various scenarios depending on PV power, load power, and battery status, and the control loop may need to switch. Chapter 2 presents a generalized mode control method for avoiding loop switching in a variety of scenarios. PV DC arc-faults have the potential to start fires, damage property, and endanger people's lives. An AI-based DC arc detection technique is proposed in Chapter 3. High reliability and long lifespan are always the goals for power conversion systems, especially in PV applications. Chapter 4 investigates active low-frequency current absorbing method applied in PV systems to replace electrolytic capacitors with film capacitors.
Study of Compressive Strength on Red Mud Concrete Using Rebound Hammer Test
Red mud, a by-product of the Bayer process used for refining bauxite into alumina, has become a major environmental concern due to its vast accumulation and disposal challenges. However, recent studies have explored the use of red mud as an alternative material in concrete production, given its availability, cost-effectiveness, and potential to enhance the properties of concrete. Red mud is typically rich in iron oxide, silica, and alumina, which can influence the mechanical properties of concrete.
Monitoring the Coagulation/Flocculation Mechanism and Process During Wastewater Treatment
The coagulation-flocculation process is an important step and operation, most often used as a pretreatment before separation processes of the liquid and solid phases. The fundamental mechanisms of this process have been the subject of several studies in recent years. However, it is still difficult to predict the required amounts of the coagulants as well as the flocculants to achieve these processes properly. Indeed, these amounts are can be considered as a crucial parameter because any execs can lead to generate a secondary pollution in addition to the cost of these products. In this context, a new approach was carried out to investigate the complex impedance Z*(ω) measurements as well as others dielectric/electrical characteristics including the complex permittivity ε*(ω), complex modulus M*(ω) and complex conductivity σ*(ω) were explored. It is revealed from our study that the analysis of the dielectric and electric properties could be very useful to address these criteria for estimating the optimal amount the coagulants and flocculants. This approach was employed to investigate these properties in the case for effluents from the textile industry. Calcium oxide and aluminum sulfate were used as coagulants, while a cationic polymer was used as a flocculants. For coagulation process: The analysis and modeling of the electrical dielectric properties of the samples exhibited a significant change the evolution of conductivity by decreasing and reaching a minimum value at (3%) of calcium oxide then started to increases. Moreover, the relaxation time and dielectric strength increased in the first phase up to (3%), indicating the formation of more compact aggregations during the coagulation process, and decreased in the second phase above (3%). These results were supported and revealed a good agreement by a complementary analysis of the rheological properties. The evolution of the viscosity exhibited a similar behavior to the evolution of conductivity by decreasing and reaching a minimum value at (3%).
Enhanced Efficiency in Organic/ Inorganic Hybrid Silicon Solar Cells
It explores transformative innovations in hybrid solar cell technologies. This comprehensive resource highlights the convergence of organic and inorganic materials to create next-generation energy solutions, emphasizing cutting-edge approaches that revolutionize the performance of hybrid silicon solar cells. The book thoroughly examines the role of breakthrough technique in enhancing charge carrier mobility and reducing energy losses, resulting in significantly improved photovoltaic performance. Complementing this, the text delves into advanced surface engineering methods that optimize light capture, electron transport, and recombination processes. Through precise surface modifications, the challenges of energy conversion inefficiency are systematically mitigated. A core focus of the book is the donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) organic material design, an innovative approach that integrates strategically designed molecular structures into hybrid systems. These materials play a crucial role in enhancing optoelectronic properties and ensuring seamless integration within silicon-based substrates, unlocking new potentials in power conversion capabilities. By incorporating these methodologies, the book documents the progression of solar cell efficiency from 2.948% to a remarkable 17.5%. Rich with experimental data, theoretical models, and detailed case studies, this text bridges the gap between fundamental research and practical applications. It provides insights into fabrication techniques, characterization tools, and performance optimization strategies. Aimed at researchers, engineers, and students, it serves as both an advanced academic reference and a guide to practical implementation. With a strong emphasis on sustainable energy solutions, the book underscores the pivotal role of hybrid solar cells in meeting global energy demands. It invites readers to explore the future of renewable energy, where innovation transforms challenges into opportunities for a greener world.
Advanced Insights into the Utilization of Oxidized Coal Residues in Coalfield Fire
Coalfield fires pose significant environmental, safety, and resource utilization challenges, generating vast quantities of oxidized coal residues with altered structural and chemical properties. This book delves into the scientific mechanisms, thermodynamic characteristics, and innovative catalytic strategies required to transform these residues into valuable resources. By addressing fundamental and applied aspects, the book presents a pathway for enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of coal utilization in fire-affected zones.
Conceptual Design and Analysis of a Roller-Based Obstacle Deflector for Rail Safety
Revolutionizing Rail Safety with Roller-Based Obstacle Deflectors Introduction Train accidents involving animals and humans on railway tracks remain a significant safety issue, particularly in areas where railways intersect wildlife habitats or densely populated regions. Traditional obstacle deflectors focus primarily on clearing obstacles to maintain operational efficiency. However, these devices often disregard the impact they have on the lives of those involved, whether they are humans or animals. This project proposes an innovative solution: a roller-based obstacle deflector designed to minimize injuries while ensuring the smooth functioning of railways. This device aims to reduce the force of collisions and redirect obstacles safely, prioritizing safety and humane treatment. Conceptual Design Objectives The primary objectives of the roller-based obstacle deflector are: To minimize injuries to humans and animals during collisions. To ensure obstacles are safely redirected away from the tracks. To maintain railway operational efficiency without compromising safety. Design Features The obstacle deflector is equipped with cushioning polyethylene rollers that absorb impact energy and reduce the force of collisions. These rollers are strategically positioned to redirect obstacles sideways off the tracks. The design is tailored to handle collisions with humans, cattle, and even large animals like elephants, especially at speeds up to 30 km/h. The design process was carried out using CATIA software, adhering to the specifications of Indian Railways. The rollers are engineered to be durable, lightweight, and highly energy-absorbent, ensuring both efficiency and effectiveness.
FCH - Free Cooling and Heating
The author of this book has made a critical assessment of the state of CO2 emissions and solutions that have been implemented by 2025 and has shown a new direction by 2050, which should mobilize scientists and institutions around the world to work very intensively on the development and implementation of FCH HVAC technology. This technology is the only one that reduces the consumption of primary energy in existing infrastructure by using CO2 at a level not achieved so far, undermining the current very expensive ecological game. The author also asks the question why science, research institutes and universities around the world have not noticed these unlimited, full stores of free energy located under every building, which have been available for millions of years without any additional investment and have a power many times greater than the entire energy production in the world? The presented studies on profitability and environmental protection and the further increase in temperatures leave no illusions. The author presents in the book the results based on scientific research conducted since 2015. The analysis included the results of BMS FCH HVAC Buildings located throughout Poland from Gdansk through Warsaw to Sosnowiec, existing buildings, newly designed, historic and technical buildings. The author shows graphs from the period of operation, as well as simulations based on IX-CHART, Plus v.8.1., Design Builder v4.2.0.05 programs. The comparison of traditional HVAC installations, heat pumps and FCH is impressive and provides huge opportunities to reduce operating costs and CO2 emissions by at least 50%. Anyone who buys the book and introduces FCH in their own home with an area of up to 300 m⊃2; will receive a free license from the author, owner of the technology and patents, to perform and use the installation without time limits.
Wear-Resistant Coatings and Film Materials
Wear-resistant coatings and film materials are essential in many industries, such as manufacturing and aerospace. These coatings and materials provide protection against wear and tear, extending the lifespan and durability of various products.One of the key benefits of wear-resistant coatings, such as nanomaterials and polyurethane, is their ability to reduce friction. These coatings are commonly used in applications such as bearings. Another advantage of wear-resistant coatings is their ability to resist chemical and environmental degradation. This extends their lifespan and reduces maintenance costs in harsh environments. Moreover, wear-resistant coatings can also enhance the esthetic appeal of products with different colors or textures. This is particularly important for automotive and consumer electronics, where design plays a crucial role in customer perception. Despite the numerous benefits of wear-resistant coatings, there are also challenges and limitations.
Structural Identification and Damage Evaluation by Integrating Physics-Based Models with Data
This Reprint presents a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge research on structural identification and damage evaluation through the integration of physics-based models with data-driven approaches. The compilation addresses one of the most critical challenges in structural health monitoring: combining the theoretical rigor of physics-based numerical models with the adaptive capabilities of modern data science techniques.The featured studies demonstrate innovative methodologies that bridge traditional finite element model updating approaches with advanced machine learning algorithms, physics-informed neural networks, and Bayesian inference techniques. Researchers explore novel applications including deep learning-enhanced stress identification in prestressed structures, automated concrete crack detection using computer vision, and real-time structural assessment through digital twin technologies.Key contributions encompass deterministic and stochastic finite element model updating, physics-guided machine learning for damage detection, hybrid modeling frameworks for structural systems, and uncertainty quantification in structural assessment. The Reprint showcases practical implementations across diverse structural types, from high-rise buildings and bridge systems to specialized infrastructure components like lightning rod structures and prestressed concrete girders.
Contact Line Dynamics and Droplet Spreading
Contact line dynamics occurs when a liquid encounters a solid surface. The physics of the moving contact line and droplet spreading involves interfacial physics and fluid dynamics. Contact line dynamics and droplet spreading are important in various technologies including healthcare/medicine, energy, and electronics. This Special Issue provides the advances in the area of a moving contact line and droplet spreading and their applications in biotechnology, microfluidics, nanofluidics, printing and coating technologies, as well as heat transfer.
Recent Developments in Automatic Control and Systems Engineering
The industry's pursuit of digitalization, with a focus on automating solutions, is presently being complemented by efforts to develop autonomous systems, where artificial intelligence (AI), advanced control, modeling, and optimization play a significant role. In this context, this Special Issue presents some recent developments in automatic control and systems engineering, including practical and experimental applications in various areas, ranging from autonomous vehicles to industrial processes. A core aim of this Issue is to capture many of the important themes being pursued by researchers in this area, which in turn will allow other researchers to plan further research into these areas.
Reclaiming the Internet
How the Internet lost its way--and how to fix it Recovering the Internet is an indictment of how Big Tech cloaks ruthless commercial exploitation in the language of free speech. Olivier Sylvain, a leading legal scholar and former senior advisor at the Federal Trade Commission, exposes the incentives behind social media design, revealing how they trap users in cycles of addiction, misinformation, and harm--from fatal TikTok challenges to AI chatbot codependency. With clarity and urgency, Sylvain dismantles the libertarian mythology that shaped internet law and calls for a new legal regime that protects users over platforms. Recovering the Internet is a powerful, original intervention into the most urgent policy debate of our time--what it will take to reclaim the digital public sphere.
Advances in Grid-tied PV Inverters
The renewable energy industry has grown dramatically in recent years as a result of global green missions. PV energy is considered the most cost-effective and reliable renewable energy source. Power electronics, an important interface between PV renewables and the grid, has advanced rapidly in recent years. As the percentage of PV renewables integration increases, new challenges emerge, such as high-quality grid current controlling, potential induced degradation suppression, DC-bus voltage balancing, and so on. These new issues create new challenges for PV power electronic inverter. As a result, in-depth discussions on these issues are required in order to provide technical support for the global energy transition. It is simple to implement conventional current control with a PI controller. However, system stability and dynamic performance are not perfect, particularly when operating under unfavorable conditions. In Chapter 2, an improved control method is proposed by introducing a compensation unit. The compensation unit can effectively compensate the system's phase around the crossover frequency, greatly enhancing the system's phase margin and stability. It is also capable of handling weak-grid conditions. Researchers have discovered that there are various degradation mechanisms affecting PV module. One of the degradation mechanisms is the PID, which is regarded as one of the leading causes of PV module degradation. In Chapter 3, a PID suppression method is proposed, in which a PID suppression unit is added between DC negative bus and ground. The idea is to regulate the output voltage of the added power supply, and then correspondingly raise the voltage of the PV module to the ground to suppress the PID effect. Chapter 4 investigates the dc-bus voltage balancing for 3-level DC/DC converters. Based on duty cycle and operating modes, four different cases are illustrated, and the output voltages under four cases are detailed. The dc-bus voltage balancing situation becomes worse when the system is in the condition of D>0.5 and DCM. Therefore, three methods are proposed to solve the issue raised.
Design and Development of Metal Matrix Composites
This Special Issue presents recent advancements in the design, fabrication, and characterization of metal matrix composites (MMCs), highlighting their growing importance in high-performance structural and functional applications. It includes original research focused on innovative processing techniques such as powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, and casting, as well as investigations into microstructural behavior, mechanical properties, and tribological performance. The contributions offer valuable insights into how MMCs can be tailored for demanding environments in sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and energy. By addressing both theoretical developments and practical implementations, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive overview of current trends and future directions in the field of MMCs.
Non-Destructive Testing of Materials and Parts
Non-destructive testing (NDT) is the application of scientific principles of physics, chemistry, and mathematics for the development of adequate procedures and specific equipment that can be used to study a part, object, or complex structure, like a car, airplane, or railway bridge, without causing any harm to the object under examination. NDT is also used in many other industries, and in other non-industrial applications; for example, NDT is used to make sure that parts do not have defects that would make the customer unhappy or that passengers and luggage in an airport comply with the strict safety regulations. Some of the equipment and procedures used in NDT can also be found in the medical field, like with the use of X-rays in dental work or ultrasound in echography. Presently, there is no doubt about the importance of NDT, as it leads to a considerable amount of savings by not destroying parts, some of which are expensive, as it replaces the still too present destructive testing technique. Nowadays, there are many NDT techniques available. The field of quality control works to perfect these technologies year after year, allowing us to effectively replace destructive testing. So, we invite the reader to get acquainted with the themes within this Reprint, as they comprise an interesting set of contributions for the current state on recent NDT techniques and applications with some new insights on the use of methods like acoustic emission, ultrasound, electromagnetic waves, thermal imaging, nanoindentation, thermography, or enhanced radiography.
Tribology of Textured Surfaces
This reprint highlights the latest advances in tribology focused on textured surfaces, showcasing 14 peer-reviewed contributions that explore innovative strategies to reduce friction, enhance lubrication, and improve wear resistance. The volume spans a broad spectrum of texture scales, from micro-dimples as small as 5 μm to millimeter-sized grooves, and covers diverse fabrication methods including laser surface texturing, controlled grinding, and hybrid coatings. The studies demonstrate how precise surface engineering can dramatically enhance the performance of mechanical components such as bearings, seals, piston-cylinder systems, and biomedical implants.A significant portion of the contributions emphasize computational modeling and simulations, including non-linear optimization, computational fluid dynamics, and finite element methods, which complement experimental validation and provide predictive insights into tribological performance. By integrating theory, experiments, and practical applications, this reprint serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and engineers seeking to design advanced textured surfaces.Together, these contributions underscore the transformative potential of surface texturing in extending component life, improving energy efficiency, and enabling next-generation engineering solutions across industrial and biomedical applications.
Advanced New Physical Layer Technologies for Next-Generation Wireless Communications
The objective of this Special Issue is to present groundbreaking research on the latest developments in physical-layer technologies that will form the foundation of next-generation 6G wireless communications. We have gathered original research articles that explore innovative solutions to meet the demanding requirements of global convergence, enhanced spectral/energy efficiency, extreme reliability, ultra-low latency, and intelligent security for next-generation wireless communication networks. Building upon established principles of wireless communication theory, this Special Issue pushes the boundaries of current knowledge to address the limitations of 5G technologies. While conventional approaches-such as OFDM and classical information theory-have proven inadequate, revolutionary techniques including new waveforms, advanced multiple-access approaches, novel channel-coding methods, and multi-antenna technologies are now emerging. These innovations are enabling the paradigm shift from conventional terrestrial-only networks to integrated space-air-ground networks. This Special Issue highlights transformative work in key areas: classical and multiuser information theory, electromagnetic information theory, semantic-aware transceiver designs, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, native-AI-empowered architectures, and integrated sensing and communication systems.
Multi-Sensor Systems and Data Fusion in Remote Sensing II
Remote sensing is developing rapidly due to progress in many interconnected fields. It encompasses the emergence of novel sensors, the evolution of sophisticated sensor platforms, and advances in signal and data processing. Progress in radar, optoelectronic, acoustic, and other sensor technologies is especially striking. Although these sensors now offer greater sensitivity, accuracy, resolution, data rates and dynamic ranges, they still exhibit inherent limitations. The integration of multi-sensor systems and the joint processing of their signals have long been recognized as an effective means of mitigating individual drawbacks while leveraging complementary strengths. The advent of new sensor types provides scientists and engineers with opportunities to create more capable, integrated multi-sensor architectures. At the same time, user expectations regarding coverage area or volume, resolution, accuracy, processing speed and overall system functionality continue to rise. Extended frequency bands, enhanced resolution and data rates, and the widespread deployment of distributed sensors have dramatically increased data volumes in modern multi-sensor networks. These developments pose fresh challenges for data-fusion algorithms, which must now incorporate the latest advances in big-data analytics, statistical estimation and artificial intelligence. This Special Issue presents a collection of papers offering fresh insights into these emerging trends in multi-sensor systems and data fusion, and will be of interest to the entire remote-sensing community.
Fractal and Fractional in Geotechnical Engineering
Fractal theory provides a robust framework for microscale quantification of geological materials, establishing critical bridges between their microstructural characteristics and macroscopic mechanical behavior. This paradigm-shifting approach offers innovative solutions to longstanding challenges in geotechnical engineering. The fractal dimension has demonstrated exceptional versatility across multiple domains, enabling precise characterization of soil porosity, permeability evolution, strength parameters, pore-size distributions, and particle morphology, while also facilitating accurate predictions of soil-water characteristic curves. Concurrently, fractional calculus has emerged as a transformative tool in constitutive modeling, particularly in addressing complex phenomena such as time-dependent soil creep deformations, tunnel lining viscoelasticity, and structural integrity assessment of shield tunnel segments. These advancements are further amplified through integration with artificial intelligence frameworks, underscoring the indispensable role of fractional-order mechanics in modern geotechnical design. This Reprint seeks to showcase cutting-edge developments at the intersection of fractal geometry and fractional theory within geotechnical engineering.
Discovering Pompeii
The conference focused on the results of the first year of the Project of Relevant National Interest (PRIN), funded in Italy by the Ministry of University and Research (MUR). SCORPi簷-NIDI, its short name, investigates and analyzes the ballistic impacts found on the extrados of Pompeii's perimeter walls. The city's exceptional history ensures that the damage was inflicted by Roman artillery.Digital documentation of the cavities provided virtual casts used for reverse-engineering analyses. The results enabled the reconstruction of terminal ballistic parameters from the geometric configuration of the cavities. Experimental activities converged on the same objective. The calculated, objectively verifiable parameters will be used to reconstruct accurate replicas of scorpions and ballistae for display both online and offline in support of dedicated platforms.
New Methods and Applications for UAVs
The aim of this Special Issue Reprint is to present the current state of knowledge regarding Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the field of sensors.With the rapid development of new applications and simulation methods, UAVs can now operate in a wide range of environmental conditions, and are used in an extensive range of human activities due to their flexibility, autonomous control capabilities, size, low cost and high adaptability.The aim of this collection is to bring together the work of leading researchers in the field of UAVs with an interest in their control, design, navigation and autonomy. The papers included in this Reprint present key challenges affecting UAVs. The authors propose new solutions, approaches and methodologies to address current challenges in the use of UAVs as sensors.
Vibration Prediction and Noise Assessment of Building Structures
This Reprint presents cutting-edge research addressing the critical challenge of vibration and noise disturbances within modern building environments. Urban structures are increasingly subjected to disruptive forces from sources such as traffic, construction activities, and mechanical systems. These vibrations and the resulting structural-borne noise significantly impact occupant comfort, building functionality, and the precise operations of sensitive facilities such as research laboratories, medical centers, and high-tech manufacturing facilities.Focusing on prediction and assessment methodologies, this collection delves into the complex nature of vibration and noise sources, their propagation through structures and soil, and the development of effective mitigation strategies across diverse frequency ranges. The key challenges tackled by this Reprint's contributions include the inherent randomness of excitation sources and the need for cost-efficient control solutions. The volume features advanced analytical and numerical modeling techniques, novel computational approaches, and probabilistic frameworks that make a crucial contribution to advancing prediction accuracy and control measures.Highlighting technological advances in testing and long-term performance evaluation, this Reprint compiles significant contributions on vibration comfort criteria, noise disturbance assessment, and the application of state-of-the-art research.
Challenges and Perspectives of Social Networks within Social Computing
This Special Issue on "Challenges and Perspectives of Social Networks within Social Computing" aims to engage readers with original research, advancements, developments, and experiments from various fields. It addresses methods, tools, and applications for sentiment analysis in social networks, exploring the vast amounts of text data from social media for evidence-based policy-making. This collection discusses the use of web data, compiling information from social networks for smart tourism consultancy. It examines Social Intelligence Mining to enhance the understanding of social phenomena, influence strategies, foster innovation, and create value across diverse sectors. The impact of digital transformation on society is analyzed through studies of social media data, focusing on the societal and economic effects of advancements in digital technology. This Special Issue assesses the scope of a user's sentiment and investigates how social media usage affects faculty job performance. An end-to-end learning model is introduced to select the most influential nodes within a social network. This publication features an effective multimodal emotion recognition system designed to improve recognition from audio and text modalities. It also includes a multilingual review of cyber-hate sentiment analysis and presents a multi-domain fake news detection framework, addressing the challenge of class imbalances.
Advanced Research on Heat Exchangers Networks and Heat Recovery
This Reprint showcases the latest breakthroughs in the design and optimization of heat exchanger networks and thermal energy systems. It emphasizes innovative strategies aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in industrial processes through modern modeling techniques, thermodynamic evaluations, and retrofitting methods. The contributions include advancements in digital tools for process integration, analyses related to exergy-pinch, and strategies for recovering heat from electrified and decarbonized systems. Several case studies illustrate real-world applications, such as the incorporation of heat pumps, effective waste-heat utilization, and hybrid systems that support the transition to sustainable energy. It provides essential insights for engineers, researchers, and decision-makers focused on minimizing carbon emissions and operational costs while promoting sustainability in thermal energy systems.
Energy Efficiency and Carbon Neutrality in Buildings
Climate change is the greatest environmental challenge of our time. A major source of this challenge is the buildings and construction sector, which represents an estimated 37% of global operational energy use and process-related carbon emissions, making it the biggest global climate offender. To address the critical global climate change challenge, we need to improve and transform the energy and carbon performance of the buildings and construction sector to secure a future that is energy efficient, resilient, and has net-zero carbon emissions. Energy Efficiency and Carbon Neutrality in Buildings features 13 papers that collectively explore innovative solutions to promoting energy efficiency and carbon neutrality in the buildings and construction sector, with the aim of addressing climate change and improving peoples' health, well-being, and quality of life. Topics include low-carbon policies, demand-side energy management, building energy modeling, sustainable concrete solutions, and the use of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence and solar-tracking movable louvers to manage and reduce energy use and carbon emissions in buildings. The included studies also address key competencies and project management strategies required by professionals to support the attainment of energy efficiency and carbon neutrality goals in the buildings and construction sector. In addition, they offer valuable insights into how these goals can be achieved across various building types, from residential to public buildings.
Recent Progress in Biomass Pyrolysis and High Value Utilization of Pyrolytic Carbon
Biomass is one of the most readily available sources of sustainable energy and its processed products can be used not only as a source of energy but also as a source of technologically important carbon materials. This Special Issue presents the latest research on biomass pyrolysis and the utilisation of biochar. In this SI, scientists have undertaken, among other things, an analysis of the influence of biocomponent additives on the coking properties of coal mixtures, developing mathematical models to predict changes in these parameters. Recent research on biomass pyrolysis is providing new technological solutions, such as the development of a new two-chamber reactor to produce biochar from rice husks, adapted to the needs of small farms, which highlights the importance of local solutions. Biochar is a valuable raw material whose importance is growing, for example, in metallurgy and steelmaking, where mixtures of biochar and coke have been shown to improve the properties of slagging and process stability. The use of mathematical methods in optimising the gasification of sewage sludge has enabled high energy efficiency and CO₂ emission reductions to be achieved, demonstrating that thermal biomass conversion methods still have potential for decarbonisation. The research described in this Special Issue also covers the application of food waste, the co-pyrolysis of lignin and plastic waste, and torrefied wood to obtain high-energy products, and a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions in the metallurgical industry. This research highlights the potential of biomass pyrolysis as a tool for energy transition and the circular economy.
Multi-Sensor Technology for Target Tracking, Positioning and Navigation
Multi-sensor technology aims to combine information from multiple sensors to improve system accuracy, leading to more specific inferences than those achieved with the use of a single sensor. It has become an indispensable tool for information processing in numerous fields, such as target tracking, positioning, navigation, control, attitude estimation, wireless networks, and so on. Thus, with the development of information sciences and sensor technology, the multi-sensor strategy has received increasing attention for practical application in recent years. This reprint collates about 20 articles representing original studies and reviews on recent advances, solutions, applications, and new challenges for multi-sensor technology in the fields of target tracking, positioning, and navigation.
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Building and Bridge Applications
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) material, known for its high strength, light weight, and excellent durability under harsh conditions or in coastal environments, has been widely used as a popular material in the strengthening, repairing, and retrofitting of existing structures. Additionally, the combination of FRP and traditional construction materials has been increasingly employed in the construction of buildings and bridges. Recently, new fibers (such as flax) and new matrixes (such as geo-polymer matrixes) have shown great potential in lieu of traditional FRP composites in many engineering scenarios. For the safe and effective application of FRP composites in civil engineering, plausible approaches to aid in estimating the performances of such structures need to be developed. The three Guest Editors organized this Special Issue (SI) that aimed to present recent advances and emerging cross-disciplinary approaches in FRP composites by collecting predominantly integrated studies pertaining to the performance of FRP composite structures. Studies from experimental testing, analytical approaches, numerical simulation, and emerging algorithms on the performance of strengthening existing structures and new-built structures were published. Nine published articles covered the following directions: FRP-strengthened concrete structures, thin-walled FRP composites for building and bridge applications, and the structural behaviors of FRP under actions of fire or environmental factors.
The Peck, Stow & Wilcox Company's Tinsmiths' Tools and Machines
Peck, Stow & Wilcox was probably the foremost manufacturer of tinsmith s tools and machines in the world. This reprint of its 1900 centennial catalog was designed to reflect this. Every imaginable piece of equipment from formers and stakes to double seamers, folding and wiring machines are listed, described and illustrated.
Forecasting and Risk Management Techniques for Electricity Markets II
As renewable energy integration continues to expand, electricity market participants face growing uncertainty in both prices and volumes. These evolving conditions underscore the urgent need for advanced tools and strategies to support effective decision-making and ensure system reliability. Recognizing these challenges, the current Reprint presents a collection of innovative research on forecasting and risk management in electricity markets undergoing rapid transformation.The featured papers explore a range of approaches, including load forecasting under uncertainty, agent-based simulations for peer-to-peer trading, blockchain-based electricity market mechanisms, and the development of energy and weather derivatives to hedge market risks. Together, these contributions span both centralized and decentralized systems and offer practical insights for energy producers, grid operators, and financial engineers. Several studies also align risk-management strategies with broader policy goals such as carbon neutrality and sustainable electricity market design.In summary, this Reprint serves as a timely reference for researchers and practitioners seeking interdisciplinary methods to enhance forecasting accuracy and market resilience. The collection reflects the evolving nature of electricity markets and brings together perspectives from energy economics, finance, control theory, and data science to address pressing challenges and emerging opportunities worldwide.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Industrial Process Modelling and Optimization
This Special Issue aims to enable readers to understand the latest technologies in artificial intelligence in industrial process modelling and optimization. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into industrial process modelling and optimization has emerged as a transformative force. This Special Issue aims to explore the application of AI approaches in industrial process modelling and optimization. This Special Issue collects research on AI and extraction of bioactive compounds, AI-driven maintenance optimization for natural gas-liquid pumps, sensor data imputation for industry reactor, domain-specific manufacturing analytics framework, machine learning predictions for various fibres, predicting and understanding emergency of pipeline incidents, energy-aware industrial internet of things, decision support system, biosensors for detecting food contaminants, intelligent modelling for sintering process, and intelligent monitoring for geological drilling processes. By sharing their practice and insights into the development and application of new AI technologies, the authors of the articles in this reprint have demonstrated the application value of artificial intelligence in industrial process modelling and optimization, thus providing readers with valuable ideological inspiration in this area.
Algorithms for PID Controller 2019
The reprint focuses on advanced PID controller-tuning algorithms in addition to conventional approaches based on mathematical controlled system analysis. Stavrov and al. proposed an improved version of a conventional PID controller based on a quadratic error model. De Moura Oliveira et al. proposed a PSO technique for PID controller design. Alimohammadi et al. introduced a multi-loop Model Reference Adaptive Control, leveraging a NARX model as the reference model, which was integrated with a Fractional Order PID. Alekseeva proposed a PD Steering Controller utilizing the predicted position on tracks for autonomous vehicles driven on slippery roads. A Neural PID controller for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles was presented by Avila et al., based on a Multilayer Perceptron trained with an Extended Kalman Filter. A study of six types of multi-loop model reference (ML-MR) control structures and design schemes for PID control loops is presented by Alagoz and al. Smeresky, Rizzo and Sands explore and analyze deterministic artificial intelligence composed of self-awareness statements along with a novel, optimal learning algorithm. Radac and Lala suggest a solution for the Output Reference Model tracking control problem, based on approximate dynamic programming and the Value Iteration (VI) algorithm for controller learning. A Kalman-Filter-Based tension control system for industrial Roll-to-Roll system is also presented by Hwang et al.
