Practical Horseshoeing
"Practical Horseshoeing" is a comprehensive guide to the art and science of shoeing horses, written by George Fleming and originally published in 1871. This detailed manual covers all aspects of horseshoeing, from the anatomy of the horse's foot to the selection and application of shoes. Fleming provides practical instructions and advice for farriers and horse owners alike. The book delves into various techniques, including preparing the hoof, fitting the shoe, and addressing common problems such as lameness and hoof diseases. With clear explanations and illustrations, "Practical Horseshoeing" remains a valuable resource for anyone interested in the care and maintenance of horses' feet.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Directory
This 1906 "Directory" provides a historical snapshot of Michigan Technological University (formerly Michigan College of Mines). A valuable resource for researchers and alumni, it lists faculty, staff, and students associated with the institution during its early years. It offers insights into the university's history, its academic programs, and the individuals who shaped its development. The directory serves as a primary source document, capturing names and affiliations at a pivotal time in the university's trajectory.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Notes on Shoeing Horses
"Notes on Shoeing Horses" by Sir Frederick Fitzwygram offers a detailed look into the art and science of farriery during the mid-19th century. Drawing from his extensive experience with horses, Fitzwygram provides practical guidance on the proper techniques for shoeing horses, with considerations for various breeds and their specific needs. This book is valuable for understanding the historical context of veterinary practices and equine management. Originally published in 1862, this work remains relevant to those interested in the history of horsemanship and the evolution of farriery. Fitzwygram's insights reflect a deep understanding of equine anatomy and the importance of proper hoof care in maintaining the health and performance of horses.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Something About Painting and Varnishing
"Something About Painting and Varnishing" by John W. Masury is a comprehensive guide to the art and science of surface finishing, originally published in 1881. This meticulously detailed manual offers practical advice and technical insights into the materials, tools, and techniques essential for achieving durable and aesthetically pleasing results in painting and varnishing. Addressing both novice and experienced practitioners, Masury covers a wide range of topics, including the preparation of surfaces, the selection and application of paints and varnishes, and the prevention and correction of common problems. With its clear instructions and informative illustrations, this book remains a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history and practice of decorative and protective coatings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
On Jets Produced by Conical Nozzles
"On Jets Produced by Conical Nozzles" explores the mathematical and physical properties of fluid jets emerging from conical nozzles. This study by Ignace I. Kolodner delves into the complexities of fluid dynamics, offering insights relevant to engineering and physics. The work provides a theoretical analysis of jet behavior, contributing to a deeper understanding of fluid mechanics and its applications.This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and students interested in fluid dynamics, nozzle design, and applied mathematics. Its enduring value lies in its rigorous approach and detailed examination of a fundamental aspect of fluid mechanics.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modern Wonder Workers; a Popular History of American Invention;
"Modern Wonder Workers; a Popular History of American Invention" explores the groundbreaking inventions and technological advancements that shaped the United States during a period of rapid innovation. Edited by Waldemar Kaempffert, this book offers a fascinating look at the ingenuity and creativity of American inventors in the early 20th century. Delving into the stories behind key inventions, it provides insights into the social and economic impact of these technological marvels.From revolutionary manufacturing processes to pioneering communication devices, this historical account captures the spirit of innovation that defined an era. A valuable resource for anyone interested in the history of technology and American ingenuity, "Modern Wonder Workers" celebrates the visionaries who transformed the world.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Inspection Rules on Hardwood Lumber and Sales Code of American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association
This historic document, "Inspection Rules on Hardwood Lumber and Sales Code of American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association," offers a fascinating glimpse into the early 20th-century lumber industry. Originally published in 1919, it details the standardized inspection rules for hardwood lumber and the sales codes established by the American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association. Providing invaluable insights into the practices and standards of the time, this book is essential for anyone interested in the history of wood products, forestry, and American manufacturing. The carefully outlined rules and codes reflect the industry's commitment to quality and consistency in a rapidly growing market. A valuable resource for historians, researchers, and those involved in the modern lumber and construction industries, offering a unique perspective on the foundations of contemporary practices.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The International Cutting School's System of Cutting
Explore the intricacies of garment construction with "The International Cutting School's System of Cutting," a comprehensive guide originally published in 1913. This meticulously detailed manual, authored by L. Gibson, offers a fascinating glimpse into early 20th-century tailoring techniques. Delve into the precise methods and systematic approaches taught at the International Cutting School, providing valuable insights for historical fashion enthusiasts, students of design, and those interested in the evolution of garment making.This book serves as a practical resource, presenting a structured system for cutting and assembling various garments. Though originally intended for industrial application, the techniques can be adapted by anyone passionate about the art of sewing and pattern making. Discover the foundations of classic tailoring with this enduring work.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
History of the Detroit Computing Center
Explore the pivotal role of the Detroit Computing Center in the U.S. Internal Revenue Service's technological evolution with "History of the Detroit Computing Center: Twenty-five Years of Service, 1965-1990." This detailed account chronicles the center's establishment and its subsequent growth into a vital hub for processing tax information. From its early days of mainframe computing to the dawn of modern IT infrastructure, the book highlights the innovations and challenges faced by the center's dedicated staff. Authored by Shelley L. Davis and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, this book offers a unique perspective on the intersection of government, technology, and public service. Discover how the Detroit Computing Center adapted to changing demands and technological advancements, ensuring the efficient operation of the nation's tax system for a quarter of a century.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
History of the Detroit Computing Center
Explore the pivotal role of the Detroit Computing Center in the U.S. Internal Revenue Service's technological evolution with "History of the Detroit Computing Center: Twenty-five Years of Service, 1965-1990." This detailed account chronicles the center's establishment and its subsequent growth into a vital hub for processing tax information. From its early days of mainframe computing to the dawn of modern IT infrastructure, the book highlights the innovations and challenges faced by the center's dedicated staff. Authored by Shelley L. Davis and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, this book offers a unique perspective on the intersection of government, technology, and public service. Discover how the Detroit Computing Center adapted to changing demands and technological advancements, ensuring the efficient operation of the nation's tax system for a quarter of a century.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Something About Painting and Varnishing
"Something About Painting and Varnishing" by John W. Masury is a comprehensive guide to the art and science of surface finishing, originally published in 1881. This meticulously detailed manual offers practical advice and technical insights into the materials, tools, and techniques essential for achieving durable and aesthetically pleasing results in painting and varnishing. Addressing both novice and experienced practitioners, Masury covers a wide range of topics, including the preparation of surfaces, the selection and application of paints and varnishes, and the prevention and correction of common problems. With its clear instructions and informative illustrations, this book remains a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history and practice of decorative and protective coatings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Development of Interference Lithography Capability Using a Helium Cadmium Ultraviolet Multimode Laser for the Fabrication of Sub-Micron-Structured Optical Materials
The goal of this work is to develop unique holograms on a semiconductor-metal thin films to characterize as potential metamaterials. This is achievable by developing a fabrication recipe to include exposure methods, exposure dosages, and material development. This study developed an interference lithography capability at AFIT for the first time with period resolution below 230nm. It also identified initial acceptable photoresist materials and exposure dosages, and a path to follow to optimize this process.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Devil in the Stack
From internationally-bestselling author and journalist Andrew Smith, an immersive, alarming, sharp-eyed journey into the bizarre world of computer code, told through his sometimes painful, often amusing attempt to become a coder himself Throughout history, technological revolutions have been driven by the invention of machines. But today, the power of the technology transforming our world lies in an intangible and impenetrable cosmos of software: algorithmic code. So symbiotic has our relationship with this code become that we barely notice it anymore. We can't see it, are not even sure how to think about it, and yet we do almost nothing that doesn't depend on it. In a world increasingly governed by technologies that so few can comprehend, who--or what--controls the future? Devil in the Stack follows Andrew Smith on his immersive trip into the world of coding, passing through the stories of logic, machine-learning and early computing, from Ada Lovelace to Alan Turing, and up to the present moment, behind the scenes into the lives--and minds--of the new frontiers people of the 21st century: those who write code. Smith embarks on a quest to understand this sect in what he believes to be the only waypossible: by learning to code himself. Expansive and effervescent, Devil in the Stack delivers a portrait of code as both a vivid culture and an impending threat. How do we control a technology that most people can't understand? And are we programming ourselves out of existence? Perhaps most terrifying of all: Is there something about the way we compute - the way code works - that is innately at odds with the way humans have evolved? By turns revelatory, unsettling, and joyously funny, Devil in the Stack is an essential book for our times, of vital interest to anyone hoping to participate in the future-defining technological debates to come.
Acoustic and Ultrasonic Sensing Technology in Non-Destructive Testing
This Special Issue presents cutting-edge research on acoustic and ultrasonic sensing technologies for non-destructive testing (NDT). It brings together seventeen original contributions covering advanced ultrasonic wave techniques, novel transducer designs, intelligent signal processing, and interdisciplinary applications. These articles span diverse fields including civil and mechanical engineering, materials science, environmental sensing, and biological monitoring, with key themes including damage detection using Lamb and guided waves, fiber optic and piezoelectric sensor innovations, machine learning for defect classification, and the structural health monitoring of critical infrastructure. The reprint of this collection highlights how traditional ultrasonic methods evolve through integration with computational intelligence, flexible materials, and novel imaging strategies, offering a comprehensive overview of the current trends, challenges, and innovations in ultrasonic sensing and their application to complex real-world systems.
Advances in Non-Destructive Testing Methods, 2nd Edition
Non-destructive testing is a group of surface and volumetric diagnostic tests that provide information about the functional properties of the tested object. They enable the determination of the condition of the micro- and macrostructure without any interference to the structure. Due to this basic feature, the main purpose of non-destructive testing is the detection of material defects and the evaluation of tested objects for discontinuity and lack of uniformity. Thanks to NDT, it is possible to, for example, detect corrosion and erosion defects or cracks. Non-destructive testing can be carried out at various stages of production, operation, or repair. They are used to perform quality control of products and to determine the technical condition of the object. As a result, non-destructive testing has a wide range of applications in various branches of industry. The aim of the second part of this Topic is to continue with the presentation of both the development of various non-destructive testing methods, as well as examples of applications of this group of tests in various branches of industry.
Artificial Intelligence in Fault Diagnosis and Signal Processing
The aim of this reprint is to immerse the reader in the latest technological approaches employed in the detection and diagnosis of faults in industrial processes. As the early detection of faults avoids damage that may be irreparable to machinery, reducing the performance of the control system and reducing the process efficiency, which would result in a decrease in production, new approaches to the detection and diagnosis of faults have become a compulsory task in any Industry 4.0 implementation. To develop such a new generation of fault detection systems, the use of artificial intelligence techniques and advanced solutions in signal processing have also become the most suitable approach. The result of this issue is a collection of 15 works highlighting the latest advances in this topic, bringing researchers and industrial practitioners together to share their findings and present ideas that are relevant in the field of fault diagnosis using artificial intelligence and signal processing.
Effects of Laser Treatment on Surface Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Alloys
Laser-based material processing and surface engineering techniques are increasingly recognized as essential tools in modern manufacturing, enhancing the properties and characteristics of metals and alloys. Significant advancements have been made in both fundamental knowledge and material processing, with controlled and selective laser processing emerging as a key research area for preparing surfaces for diverse applications. This technology not only improves surface wetting characteristics but also activates surfaces for multifunctionality and enhances residual stress behavior, corrosion resistance, and tribological characteristics. Moreover, laser-induced deposition, alloying, and shock processing further expand the capabilities of surface treatment methods. Areas such as the aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy, and marine industries depend on materials that possess strong core properties alongside tailored surfaces for wear resistance, corrosion protection, heat stability, or biocompatibility. This Special Issue highlights fifteen recent studies utilizing lasers in various applications, including cladding, welding, texturing, and milling, often in conjunction with other techniques like ultrasound, magnetic fields, or micro-arc oxidation. A common focus across these works is the investigation of how laser parameters, such as power and scanning strategy, influence material microstructure and performance.
Motor Vehicles Energy Management
The Reprint is devoted to the issue of energy management in modern automotive vehicles. It presents the achievements of scientists and specialists, mainly from academic centers and research institutes in selected areas, with a particular emphasis on energy management strategies, vehicle charging stations, energy storage, and energy recovery during vehicle motion. These issues are discussed with consideration of different types of vehicles (BEV/FCEV/HEV/ICEV), connected vehicle technology, the use of composite materials in vehicle construction, the problem of recycling, and the role of the driver. Attention is also paid to issues of vehicle safety testing, focusing on the energy-consuming properties of vehicles and methods for assessing their durability and assemblies. Many of the chapters adopt the style of a review, providing a cross-sectional examination of these problems.
Renewable Energy Power Generation and Power Demand Side Management
With the growing global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, renewable energy power generation technologies have become crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, power demand-side management has emerged as an effective means to enhance energy efficiency and ensure the stable operation of power grids. This reprint contains systematic reviews and empirical studies regarding renewable energy power generation and power demand-side management, spanning many subject areas. These include reviews of renewable energy and demand-side flexibility, optimal configuration and dispatch of energy systems, performance analysis of renewable energy generation equipment, and other related topics.
Cutting Processes for Materials in Manufacturing
High-efficiency and high-performance cutting of difficult-to-cut materials has been an important topic for over one hundred years. As there is an increasing emergence of new machining techniques and materials, there is an increasing need to update the current pool of knowledge in order to gain a deeper understanding of various cutting techniques. The topics covered in this Reprint include material removal mechanisms, chip formation, cutting force, temperature, surface integrity, etc.
Advances in Medical Image Processing, Segmentation and Classification
Medical data typically include physiological signals, diagnostic images, and treatment histories, offering essential insights into patient conditions and outcomes. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems-used for detection, segmentation, and classification-are now key components of clinical workflows. These systems apply image processing techniques to ensure accurate analysis across CT, MRI, X-ray, and ultrasound scans. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning and deep learning, has further advanced CAD by enabling automated, accurate disease detection. Yet, the success of such models depends on large, annotated datasets and expertise in preprocessing, modeling, and validation. AI-driven CAD systems have shown strong potential in diverse clinical settings. Future work should prioritize multi-center data sharing, federated learning, few-shot learning, and explainable AI to enhance reliability and adaptability. Integrating AI with technologies like the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) opens doors to real-time, scalable diagnostics. With continued innovation and rigorous validation, AI is set to become an essential part of clinical decision-making. This volume presents cutting-edge research and strategies to address current gaps, aiming to improve patient outcomes and advance global healthcare systems.
LoRa Communication Technology for IoT Applications
Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) represent a novel communication paradigm that will replace or complement traditional cellular and short-range wireless technologies in several applications. In relation to the Internet of Things (IoT), LPWANs are expected to offer energy-efficient connectivity to a high number of low-power devices, distributed over very large geographical areas. In this context, LoRa is a promising LPWAN technology for inter-connecting billions of low-power IoT nodes. We envision that an increasing number of IoT nodes will be deployed and connected to the Internet via LoRa to enable various innovative applications in several domains, including smart cities, smart monitoring, healthcare, and factory automation. We face great practical challenges and research opportunities in the design, implementation, and evaluation of LoRa technology and its applications and system development. This Special Issue is focused on LPWAN technologies, particularly LoRa, addressing (but not limited to) the following topics: Experimental deployments and solutions for mobile scenarios or situations where devices are deployed in a wide area; Machine learning techniques for the configuration and management of LoRa-based communications; Novel physical layer design and optimization for LoRa; Novel link layer and network layer design and implementation for LoRa; Co-existence and co-operation of LoRa with other wireless technologies in ISM bands; Security aspects of LoRa.
Applications of Manufacturing and Measurement Sensors
This Special Issue will provide insight into advancements in applications of manufacturing and measurement sensors. It will serve as a reference for scholars and engineers who routinely interested in understanding the advanced sensor technology and applications. The field of measurement sensors is essential in advanced manufacturing, with substantial significance in engineering. With tighter tolerances and higher performance standards, there is a need to develop fast, efficient applications of manufacturing and measurement sensors for satisfying the specifications of various product functional attributes. This Special Issue addresses various crucial challenges and advancements in the fields of manufacturing and measurement sensors. It has introduced innovative sensor designs, advanced algorithms, and novel applications, which have great potential for enhancing manufacturing efficiency and product quality.
Topographic Surveying Using the Sokkisha SET2 Electronic Total Station With the NEC MOBILE PRO 780 Computer
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific organization created in 1879, and is part of the U.S. government. Their scientists explore our environment and ecosystems, to determine the natural dangers we are facing. The agency has over 10,000 employees that collect, monitor, and analyze data so that they have a better understanding of our problems. The USGS is dedicated to provide reliable, investigated information to enhance and protect our quality of life. This is one of their circulars.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Pilot Safety Training Audit Program or Are Our Employees Using Their Lockout-Tagout Safety Training for Their Own Protection
This project was to determine an improved methodology for the Safety staff to evaluate Facilities Management Trades Specialists in their application of safety training and proper uses of equipment provided. This project focused on just one safety course, Lockout-Tagout (LaTa), because of its potential to prevent severe injury, its widespread requirement in maintenance work processes, and suspicion that proper procedures and equipment were not being used to the fullest potential.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Characterization of the Target-Mount Interaction in Radar Cross Section Measurement Calibrations
Radar Cross Section (RCS) measurements are quintessential in understanding target scattering phenomenon. The reduced RCS of modern weapons systems stresses the capability of current RCS measurement ranges. A limiting factor that has recently become more significant is the electromagnetic coupling between a test target and the mounting hardware used to support it and control its orientation during the RCS measurement. Equally important is the electromagnetic coupling between the RCS calibration artifact and its mount, which provides an opportunity to explore the coupling phenomena without delving into operationally sensitive areas. The primary research goal was to characterize the interaction between a calibration artifact and its mounting apparatus when measuring the RCS of the calibration artifact as part of a larger RCS measurement process. Standard methods, such as vector background subtraction, do not account for this interaction. By understanding the interaction term, a more accurate measurement of target RCS may be obtained. Through careful characterization of the interaction, an additional term can be included in the vector background subtraction equation to reduce the level of uncertainty.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Monocular Vision Localization Using a Gimbaled Laser Range Sensor
There have been great advances in recent years in the area of indoor navigation. Many of these new navigation systems rely on digital images to aid an inertial navigation estimates. The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) has been conducting research in this area for a number of years. The image-aiding techniques are centered around tracking stationary features in order to improve inertial navigation estimates. Previous research has used stereo vision systems or terrain constraints with monocular systems to estimate feature locations. While these methods have shown good results, they do have drawbacks. First, as unmanned exploration vehicles become smaller in size the distance available to create a baseline between two cameras decreases resulting in a decrease of distancing accuracy. Second, if using a monocular system, terrain data might not be known in an unexplored environment. This research explores the use of a small gimbaled laser range sensor and monocular camera to estimate feature locations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Efficient GPS Position Determination Algorithms
This research is aimed at improving the state of the art of GPS algorithms, namely, the development of a closed-form positioning algorithm for a stand-alone user and the development of a novel differential GPS algorithm for a network of users. The stand-alone user GPS algorithm is a direct, closed-form, and efficient new position determination algorithm that exploits the closed-form solution of the GPS trilateration equations and works in the presence of pseudorange measurement noise for an arbitrary number of satellites in view. A two-step GPS position determination algorithm is derived which entails the solution of a linear regression and updates the solution based on one nonlinear measurement equation. In this algorithm, only two or three iterations are required as opposed to five iterations that are normally required in the standard Iterative Least Squares (ILS) algorithm currently used. The mathematically derived stochastic model-based solution algorithm for the GPS pseudorange equations is also assessed and compared to the conventional ILS algorithm. Good estimation performance is achieved, even under high Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) conditions. The novel differential GPS algorithm for a network of users that has been developed in this research uses a Kinematic Differential Global Positioning System (KDGPS) approach. A network of mobile receivers is considered, one of which will be designated the 'reference station' which will have known position and velocity information at the beginning of the time interval being examined. The measurement situation on hand is properly modeled, and a centralized estimation algorithm processing several epochs of data is developed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Analysis of Radio Frequency Interference Effects on a Modern Coarse Acquisition Code Global Positioning System Receiver
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the performance of a twelve channel Standard Positioning Service (SPS) based Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver using an eight state Kalman filter in a hostile radio frequency (RF) environment and to develop instructional tools for teaching RF interference on GPS receivers. The two types of jamming signals generated included Continuous Wave (CW) and Swept CW. Actual GPS and jamming signals were used in the research. The signals received from GPS satellites exhibit a Doppler shift which vary between approximately six Kilohertz. The Doppler shift frequency can be reasonably predicted for a given time of day, for a given satellite, and for a known receiver location using GPS satellite almanac or ephemeris data. Additionally, the Pseudorandom Noise (PRN) Coarse Acquisition (C/A) code for each satellite exhibits specific maximum amplitude spectral lines. By tailoring the jamming signals to match with the Doppler shifted satellite frequencies and offsetting the jamming to a maximum spectral line, it was shown that individual Navstar XR5-M receiver channels for specific satellites could be selectively jammed/spoofed. Swept CW jamming resulted in pulling the XR5-M receiver tracking channels off frequency by up to 20 Kilohertz but resulted in a maximum position error of only 220 meters. The CW jamming of at least one of the XR5-M receiver channels resulted in position errors in the receiver in excess of 12 kilometers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Development of Interference Lithography Capability Using a Helium Cadmium Ultraviolet Multimode Laser for the Fabrication of Sub-Micron-Structured Optical Materials
The goal of this work is to develop unique holograms on a semiconductor-metal thin films to characterize as potential metamaterials. This is achievable by developing a fabrication recipe to include exposure methods, exposure dosages, and material development. This study developed an interference lithography capability at AFIT for the first time with period resolution below 230nm. It also identified initial acceptable photoresist materials and exposure dosages, and a path to follow to optimize this process.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Range Precision of LADAR Systems
A key application of Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) systems is measurement of range to a target. Many modern LADAR systems are capable of transmitting laser pulses that are less than a few nanoseconds in duration. These short-duration pulses provide excellent range precision. However, randomness in the detected laser signals places limits on the precision. The goal of this dissertation is to quantify the range precision limits of LADAR systems. The randomness in the time between photon arrivals, which is called shot noise, is discussed in depth. System-dependent noise sources such as dark current and detector gain variation are considered. The e ect of scene-dependent parameters including background light, target obscuration, and target orientation is also discussed. Finally, noise mitigation strategies such as pulse averaging and gain equalization are described and tested on simulated and real LADAR data.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Characterization of a Polymer-Based MEMS Pyroelectric Infrared Detector
AFRL/MLPJE had developed a novel thermal sensing material termed proteinimpregnated- polymer (PIP). Thus far, a proof-of-concept has been demonstrated using a macro-sized pixel (0.64 mm2) as a bolometric detector. In an effort to better characterize this novel thermal sensing material, experimental data was used to determine figures of merit (FOMs) comparative to off-the-shelf thermal detectors. Microelectromechanical (MEMS) pixels were designed and used as the support structure for an inkjet-deposited droplet of the PIP. During the material characterization, two observations were made: PIP is a pyroelectric material, and the polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) without the protein was found to be more suited for measurements taken on the micro-scaled pixels. Both PVA and PVA doped with carbon black (PVA_CB) were the materials focused on in this research, with the latter being the material used for FOM characterization. Pyroelectric coefficients for PVA and PVA_CB were found to be 755.11 nC/(cm2 K), and 108.32 nC/(cm2 K), respectively, which are both two orders of magnitude higher than values for current pyroelectric polymers. A responsivity of 1.66 104 V/W, thermal time constant of 3.59 sec, noise equivalent power of 21.3 nW, and a detectivity of 1.93 105 cm Hz/W were the FOMs found in this thesis. Although the calculated FOMs are not stellar in comparison to current thermal detector technology, this material shows much promise. The shortfalls in FOMs could potentially be attributed to a poor pixel design. This thesis plants the scientific seed in cultivating a thermal imaging focal plane array (FPA) using a newly found pyroelectric polymer.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Utilizing Near-Field Measurements to Characterize Far-Field Radar Signatures
The increased need for stealth aircraft requires an on-site Far-Field (FF) Radar Cross-Section (RCS) measurement process. Conducting these measurements in on-site Near-Field (NF) monostatic facilities results in significantsavings for manufacturers and acquisition programs.How-ever, NF measurements are not directly extended to a FF RCS. Therefore, a large target Near-Field to Far-Field Transformation (NFFFT) is needed for RCS measurements. One approach requires an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) process to create accurate scattering maps. The focus of this work is the development of accurate NF scattering maps generated by a monostatic ISAR process.As a first look, the process is isolated to a simulated environment to avoid the uncontrollable effects ofrealmeasurement environments.The simulation begins witha NF Synthetic Target Generator (STG) which approximates a target using scattering centers illuminated by spherical electromagnetic waves to approximating NF scattering. The resulting NF In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) data is used in a 'Trapezoidal' ISAR process to create spatially distorted images that are accurately corrected within the ISAR process resolution using a newly developed NF correction. The resulting spatially accurate ISAR images do not complete the NFFFT. However, accurate scattering maps are essential for process development.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Using Multiple MEMS IMUs to Form a Distributed Inertial Measurement Unit
MEMS IMUs are readily available in quantity and have extraordinary advantages over conventional IMUs in size, weight, cost, and power consumption. However, the poor performance of MEMS IMUs limits their use in more demanding military applications. It is desired to use multiple distributed MEMS IMUs to simulate the performance of a single, more costly IMU, using the theory behind Gyro-Free IMUs. A Gyro-Free IMU (GF-IMU) uses a configuration of accelerometers only to measure the three accelerations and three angular rotations of a rigid body in 3-D space. Theoretically, almost any configuration of six distributed accelerometers yields sufficient measurements to solve for the translational and angular acceleration. In reality, however, sensor noise corrupts the measurements and good sensor geometry is necessary to obtain an accurate estimate of the translational and angular accelerations. Determining the optimal configuration of accelerometers is an exercise in geometry. This thesis investigates the optimal geometry of an INS constructed of multiple networked IMUs and develops the accompanying mechanization and error equations. Simple simulations are run to test and validate the basic design principles.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Analysis of Radio Frequency Interference Effects on a Modern Coarse Acquisition Code Global Positioning System Receiver
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the performance of a twelve channel Standard Positioning Service (SPS) based Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver using an eight state Kalman filter in a hostile radio frequency (RF) environment and to develop instructional tools for teaching RF interference on GPS receivers. The two types of jamming signals generated included Continuous Wave (CW) and Swept CW. Actual GPS and jamming signals were used in the research. The signals received from GPS satellites exhibit a Doppler shift which vary between approximately six Kilohertz. The Doppler shift frequency can be reasonably predicted for a given time of day, for a given satellite, and for a known receiver location using GPS satellite almanac or ephemeris data. Additionally, the Pseudorandom Noise (PRN) Coarse Acquisition (C/A) code for each satellite exhibits specific maximum amplitude spectral lines. By tailoring the jamming signals to match with the Doppler shifted satellite frequencies and offsetting the jamming to a maximum spectral line, it was shown that individual Navstar XR5-M receiver channels for specific satellites could be selectively jammed/spoofed. Swept CW jamming resulted in pulling the XR5-M receiver tracking channels off frequency by up to 20 Kilohertz but resulted in a maximum position error of only 220 meters. The CW jamming of at least one of the XR5-M receiver channels resulted in position errors in the receiver in excess of 12 kilometers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fluid Dynamic and Stability Analysis of a Thin Liquid Sheet
Interest in thin sheet flows has recently been renewed due to their potential application in space radiators. Theoretical and experimental studies of the fluid dynamics and stability of thin liquid sheet flows have been carried out in this thesis. A computer program was developed to determine the cross-sectional shape of the edge cylinder given the cross-sectional area of the edge cylinder. A stability analysis was performed on a non-planer liquid sheet. A study was conducted to determine the effects of air resistance on the sheet.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Monocular Vision Localization Using a Gimbaled Laser Range Sensor
There have been great advances in recent years in the area of indoor navigation. Many of these new navigation systems rely on digital images to aid an inertial navigation estimates. The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) has been conducting research in this area for a number of years. The image-aiding techniques are centered around tracking stationary features in order to improve inertial navigation estimates. Previous research has used stereo vision systems or terrain constraints with monocular systems to estimate feature locations. While these methods have shown good results, they do have drawbacks. First, as unmanned exploration vehicles become smaller in size the distance available to create a baseline between two cameras decreases resulting in a decrease of distancing accuracy. Second, if using a monocular system, terrain data might not be known in an unexplored environment. This research explores the use of a small gimbaled laser range sensor and monocular camera to estimate feature locations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Estimating Anthropometric Marker Locations From 3-D LADAR Point Clouds
An area of interest for improving the identification portion of the system is in extracting anthropometric markers from a Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) point cloud. Analyzing anthropometrics markers is a common means of studying how a human moves and has been shown to provide good results in determining certain demographic information about the subject. This research examines a marker extraction method utlizing principal component analysis (PCA), self-organizing maps (SOM), alpha hulls, and basic anthropometric knowledge. The performance of the extraction algorithm is tested by performing gender classification with the calculated markers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Characterization of a Polymer-Based MEMS Pyroelectric Infrared Detector
AFRL/MLPJE had developed a novel thermal sensing material termed proteinimpregnated- polymer (PIP). Thus far, a proof-of-concept has been demonstrated using a macro-sized pixel (0.64 mm2) as a bolometric detector. In an effort to better characterize this novel thermal sensing material, experimental data was used to determine figures of merit (FOMs) comparative to off-the-shelf thermal detectors. Microelectromechanical (MEMS) pixels were designed and used as the support structure for an inkjet-deposited droplet of the PIP. During the material characterization, two observations were made: PIP is a pyroelectric material, and the polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) without the protein was found to be more suited for measurements taken on the micro-scaled pixels. Both PVA and PVA doped with carbon black (PVA_CB) were the materials focused on in this research, with the latter being the material used for FOM characterization. Pyroelectric coefficients for PVA and PVA_CB were found to be 755.11 nC/(cm2 K), and 108.32 nC/(cm2 K), respectively, which are both two orders of magnitude higher than values for current pyroelectric polymers. A responsivity of 1.66 104 V/W, thermal time constant of 3.59 sec, noise equivalent power of 21.3 nW, and a detectivity of 1.93 105 cm Hz/W were the FOMs found in this thesis. Although the calculated FOMs are not stellar in comparison to current thermal detector technology, this material shows much promise. The shortfalls in FOMs could potentially be attributed to a poor pixel design. This thesis plants the scientific seed in cultivating a thermal imaging focal plane array (FPA) using a newly found pyroelectric polymer.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Technology Transition
The transition of technologies ensures that our warfighters have the necessary capabilities to fight the ever increasing and changing global threats. Through the investigative research of this study, technology transition best practices were taken from Department of Defense (DOD) publications, Air Force Instructions (AFIs), and industry. The purpose of this study was to gain an understating on what extent the Air Force Research Laboratories were implementing known technology transition best practices. In examining the use of technology transition best practices, the research provides insight into how technologies are transitioned from AFRL to the acquisition community. This study relies on the perspectives and knowledge of program managers within AFRL. Data analysis along with an extensive literature review led to recommendations such as: an implementation of a technology transition team, co-locating AFRL program managers in program offices; and program management training for managers in the S and T community. It was revealed that only some aspects of technology transition best practices were being implemented. It was also discovered that technology transition involves multiple organizations for technologies to be transitioned. Based on the data collected, it was found that the program manager needs multiple resources and the right knowledge to facilitate technology transition.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Control Algorithm for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is an intelligent robot with high mobility and a large maneuvering range, which can operate and perform tasks autonomously in an underwater environment. As the current academic community's research on AUV theory and engineering applications gradually deepens, the mission requirements of AUVs are increasingly expanding, and the task complexity is gradually increasing. However, due to the limited energy of the AUV and the interference of the environment in complex sea conditions, the limitations of the operating efficiency and performance of individual AUVs have become increasingly obvious. Furthermore, forming a fleet of multiple AUVs for collaborative operations is an important way to improve work efficiency, expand system fault tolerance, and improve reliability and safety. However, the underwater environment is complex and changeable, and AUV spatial motion is strongly coupled, making it challenging to establish an accurate mathematical model and determine accurate model parameters.
Climate Variability and Water Resource Challenges in Bundelkhand
This book presents a comprehensive analysis of climate variability and its implications for water resource management in Bundelkhand, a semi-arid region in central India. By integrating long-term meteorological data with advanced climate models, the authors explore historical trends and project future scenarios under varying greenhouse gas trajectories. The study offers valuable insights into changing rainfall patterns, rising temperatures and their potential impact on water demand and sustainability. Designed for researchers, policymakers and environmental planners, this work lays the foundation for climate-resilient strategies in regional water governance and infrastructure planning.
The Great Crunch
This book is a compilation of two related scientific researches in physics applied to observable geographic phenomena on Earth. In essence, the book is publishing two completely new theories on planetary gravity and how it impacts the lives of living things on it. The first part of the book publishes the research and a new theory on how gravity influences the life sizes, rate of life activities, and life spans of all living things. The second part publishes the research and new theory of the Great Crunch. The great crunch is a postulation that about 50 million years ago, the Earth became smaller under certain forces, and this caused gravity to increase. This change brought about the extinction of species and the subsequent gravity-induced evolution of living things. Finally, the book has an addendum or annexure in which a warning of a possible future Earth crunch will bring about severe consequences to humankind and other living things. Advice is also given to business entrepreneurs who wish to colonise other planets in the future to guard against the dangerous effect of planetary gravity different from our planet Earth.
Essentials of Microbiology
This book deals with Microbiology a dynamic field that bridges various scientific disciplines, offering insights into the fundamental processes of life and providing solutions to numerous challenges in health, industry, and the environment. Its continued study is essential for advancing our understanding and application of microbial science. This book holds promising prospects. Ongoing research into microbial communities and their interactions offers insights into complex biological systems, paving the way for innovations in synthetic biology and environmental conservation. Also provide the information about the development of novel antimicrobial agents and therapies is crucial in combating emerging infectious diseases and antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Furthermore, the integration of microbiological research with other scientific disciplines promises to address global challenges, such as climate change, food security, and sustainable energy production.
Implementation of IEC/IEEE 82079-1 Ed. 2
IEC/IEEE 82079-1 is of excelling importance for the field of technical communication. Since its publication in 2012, it defines the general principles and requirements for instructions for use in all industry branches. In a five-year effort the standard has been substantially revised by an international work group formed by 21 experts from nine countries. This tekom implementation guide focuses on the practical application of the standard and in this effort largely follows the improved structure of the standard: All chapters referring to specific requirements of the standard include a table presenting the mandatory requirements of the respective section. The following subchapters then discuss the requirements and their implementation, including practical examples. The practical implementation guide thus is ideally suited to understanding the requirements set forth in the standard and their implementation. Thanks to its structure following that of the standard, it can also be used as a reference.
AI and Data-Driven Advancements in Industry 4.0
AI and Data-Driven Advancements in Industry 4.0 reprint presents a comprehensive collection of innovative research articles that have advanced our understanding of artificial intelligence applications in industrial environments. This Topic Issue features a variety of contributions, ranging from intelligent sensor software that promotes energy-efficient decision-making in the welding of steel reinforcement to advanced prediction models for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling performance. In addition, state-of-the-art deep learning techniques for detecting scratch defects on metal surfaces are featured alongside novel methods for remote monitoring of central nervous system biomarkers using wearable sensors. The reprint also includes contributions on precise robot arm attitude estimation through multi-view imaging and super-resolution keypoint detection, as well as pioneering approaches in medical diagnostics, such as EEG-based Parkinson's disease classification and enhanced retinal vessel segmentation. Furthermore, emerging themes of blockchain integration and smart contract vulnerability detection highlight the intersection of AI with secure data management, demonstrating how decentralized technologies can support robust, trustworthy systems. Collectively, these articles illustrate the transformative impact of data-centric strategies and deep learning in modern manufacturing, healthcare, and robotics, offering a retrospective view of cutting-edge innovations in Industry 4.0.
Ocean Remote Sensing Based on Radar, Sonar and Optical Techniques
At present, radar, sonar and optical techniques are often applied in ocean remote sensing. Radar is typically used above the ocean's surface, while sonar and optical technologies are exploited below the surface. Given the increasing application of these three techniques in the field, this reprint mainly focuses on ocean remote sensing based on radar, sonar and optical methods. It discusses a wide range of topics, which can be divided into three groups. The first group includes five papers that primarily explore the direction of arrival (DOA) and radar signal processing. Through this method, rapid and accurate DOA estimation results are provided. The second group, consisting of ten papers, addresses underwater acoustic image and signal processing, which is challenging due to complications in the underwater environment such as bottom reverberation, spatial-temporal structures, noise, and dynamic underwater flow fields, among others. The last group, represented by one paper, concentrates on underwater optical image enhancement and assessment.
