Highway Engineering
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Understand a foundational area of civil engineering with this up-to-date textbook Highway construction is a complex discipline within civil engineering, with the potential to transform national economies and transportation infrastructures. With car infrastructure coming under both increasing demand and increasing scrutiny for its environmental impact, the challenges and complexities of highway engineering have never been a more vital subject. The future of sustainable transportation depends on an engineering profession with a solid grasp of the fundamentals of highway design and construction. Highway Engineering provides a comprehensive overview of these fundamentals, preparing civil engineers and engineering students to analyze, design, and build highways. Situating its subject in the context of a broader political economy, social and ecological reality, and more, it proceeds in a logical sequence from planning to design to construction to maintenance. The result is a fully up-to-date introduction to this subject at the heart of transport engineering. Readers of the fourth edition of Highway Engineering will also find: Strong integration of material from the UK Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, incorporating recent significant changes in the design of highway pavements Detailed examples and case studies to cultivate deepened understanding Increased attention to the growing importance of non-car-based modes of highway transportation--walking, cycling and public transport. Highway Engineering is essential for engineering students studying civil engineering or transport engineering, as well as for professional civil engineers looking for a reference work.
Maintenance Management - Current Challenges, New Developments, and Future Directions
The management of maintenance processes and their integration with production processes is one of the significant challenges faced by industries today. It is known that maintenance must be carried out to guarantee the quality and continuity of production processes. Thus, manufacturing routines, production bottlenecks, and the criticality of each component or subsystem in the overall process should be considered not only by production management but also (and increasingly) by maintenance management. The latter should consider repair (or replacement) costs and miscellaneous expenses, plan to work on maintenance effectively, reduce repair times, and establish clear repair procedures and instructions. Maintenance process management can be deployed in several ways and following several strategies depending on the type of industry, its size, and the criticality of its processes. However, even being a unique company, it is always possible to take advantage of the experiences of other industries and their implementations. The advent of new technologies (such as automation, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing), along with new statistical and artificial intelligence techniques, has created an environment referred to as Industry 4.0, of which maintenance management systems are a part. This book presents aspects of predictive maintenance in industries and shows the possibility of reaching the creation of prognostic maintenance. It offers techniques for managing maintenance processes theoretically and practically as examples of possible industrial implementations.
Understanding Industry
This companion volume to the Understanding Industry: CORE CONCEPTS Manual provides the answers to the questions posed at the end of most of the sections.The information that is found here will directly relate to topics from the Building and Furniture Making Technology, Building Drawing, Metal Work, Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Drawing CSEC (R) subjects. As a result, the students will be readily prepared for answering the questions posed to them during the relevant CXC (R) examination.
Conveyors
This new edition continues on its journey of being an introduction to the wide variety of conveyor types and application methods available. It discusses conveyor and system design and in its new edition, expands on information about sorters and motorized roller conveyors, new information on robotic interfaces, as well as some of the trade-offs made when conveyor design rules are intentionally broken. Each chapter now also includes questions and problems to help reinforce the material covered.Conveyors: Application, Selection, and Integration includes a pictorial of various installations of conveyors in detail that the reader can model after. It presents common application mistakes made and discusses how the reader can avoid them in the future during the integration process. The book focuses on conveyor application information that is offered in just this book and discusses the effect that extreme temperatures have while providing real-life examples of conveyor system design that may at times break common design rules.This book is a resource for engineers, managers, and executives who want to gain a better understanding of conveyors and their application. It is also for colleges and universities that offer industrial and/or manufacturing engineering curricula.
Interactive Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modelling for Design
Sketching is a natural and intuitive communication tool used for expressing concepts and ideas that are difficult to communicate through text or speech alone. In design applications, drawings are used at various stages of the design process: from the early concept drawings scribbled on a piece of paper to immersive interactions in which users manipulate and adjust the 3D form of an object in virtual or augmented reality environments. This variety in drawing activities brings about the need for different interpretation strategies that support not only the sketching activity itself, but also allow sketch-based interactions, such as sketch-based queries, to take place. In this book, we explore the different drawing approaches used in design and the algorithms required for processing and interpreting the different sketches and drawings in design. The book is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on sketching in the 2D domain. This includes the digitization of offline and paperbased sketches, techniques for online sketch recognition, observations of user drawing habits, algorithms for inferring depth from 2D drawings, as well as non-photorealistic rendering techniques that are then applied to sketch-based queries. The second part of the book focuses on 3D sketching in virtual or augmented reality spaces. Here, we present the processing and rendering of the 3D strokes, the different interaction devices available for 3D sketching, and look at different applications where immersive 3D sketching has been applied with success.
Head, Eye, and Face Personal Protective Equipment
This book is essential for the safety professional and medical experts in the field. It provides an interdisciplinary approach to personal protective equipment using new technologies in the field.
Physical Hazards of the Workplace
The recognition and control of hazards in the work environment are the cornerstone of every company's safety and health plan. Every workplace contains dangers, especially those devoted to technology, machinery, and potentially hazardous material. This book provides you with the information you need to understand the regulations that provide for facility safety and their successful implementation for profitable management of any business. FEATURES Explores both occupational and environmental hazards Describes the workplace threats from machines, confined spaces, chemicals, personnel, cumulative trauma, environmental issues, electricity, noise, fire and explosion, and the risk of falling Provides measures to protect the eyes, the head, the respiratory system, the circulatory system, and more Details common fire protection countermeasures from an experienced firefighter and fire instructor Addresses ladders, scaffolding and OSHA fall protection standards Includes sections on PPE, laser safety, and forklifts
Harnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution through Skills Development in High-Growth Industries in Central and West Asia - Uzbekistan
This report analyzes how Uzbekistan's key textile, garment, and construction sectors will be impacted by its adoption of digital technologies and shows how better training can help offset potential job losses and boost economic growth. Part of a wider Central and West Asia report on the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), this report outlines recommendations for Uzbekistan including developing online learning platforms and strengthening ties between industry and training institutions. Emphasizing the need to support small and medium businesses, it shows why ensuring workers acquire new digital skills and adapting national policies can help Uzbekistan capitalize on 4IR's potential benefits.
Harnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution through Skills Development in High-Growth Industries in Central and West Asia - Pakistan
This report shows how embracing digitalization can boost jobs in Pakistan's textile, garment, and information technology-business process outsourcing sectors and explains why policies should ensure the benefits are equitably distributed. Part of a wider Central and West Asia report on the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), this report focuses on Pakistan's Punjab province where literacy levels are low and explains why workers will have to continuously reskill to get quality jobs. It recommends Pakistan adopt industry-specific 4IR roadmaps, strengthen training, and increase the number of women in technology as it targets inclusive, knowledge-based economic growth.
Harnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution through Skills Development in High-Growth Industries in Central and West Asia - Azerbaijan
This report explains how Azerbaijan's fast-growing agro-processing, transportation, and storage industries can benefit from the adoption of digital technologies and outlines how to train the skilled workforce it needs for the new economy. Part of a wider Central and West Asia report on the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), this report explains how greater digitalization will affect jobs and how Azerbaijan's government, industry, and the education sector can work together to spur growth. To help Azerbaijan capitalize on 4IR's benefits, the report offers recommendations that include helping businesses adopt technology, incentivizing them to train employees, and creating programs targeted at women.
India’s Technology-Led Development: Managing Transitions to a Digital Future
The recent disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have shaken the fundamental foundations of global business to their core, creating unprecedented challenges for management scholars and practitioners. In addition, over the past few decades, the general adoption of communication technologies and the evolving trends towards digitalization and Industry 4.0 have revolutionized the way organizations are managed and led. Business model innovation and the developing importance of sustainability have also emerged as strategic platforms for all types of organizations. Technology-led managerial transformation has now become critical for 21st century business.This book investigates four approaches in understanding the perspectives for integrating technology with holistic development: a Civilizational Approach, which integrates cultural, historical as well as geographical nuances in a way totally different from the Western positivistic models; a Stakeholder Approach, which involves moving away from a mere participant or observer role and embracing the 'Stakeholder' role; a Knowledge Partnership Approach, which lays the foundations of India's technology-led development through education, training, research and talent management; and a Strategic Development Approach, which unlocks the economic growth and wealth creation potential by keying marketing and branding at the ecosystem level.
Scientific and Practical Studies of Raw Material Issues
Presents the contribution to the Russian-German raw materials forum. Paying attention to complex processes in the mining industry, Scientific and practical studies of raw material issues will be of interest to academics and professional involved or interested in Mining Engineering and Earth Sciences.
Introduction of Super-Speed Rail
Super-Speed Rail (SSR) system is the fifth mode of transportation after ships, trains, automobiles and aircrafts, featuring characteristics of ultra-high-speed (1000-2000 km/h), high safety, low energy consumption, low noise, no vibration, no pollution and so on.This unique compendium analyzes its operation principle, system architecture and attribute characteristics, discusses its feasibility, and discusses the global integration issues in the SSR environment.The useful reference text highlights terminologies and principles of SSR. It's a comprehensive analysis of the past, present and future of SSR from the system engineering point of view. Thereby, the novel book plays a leading role in the development of SSR worldwide.
Concrete Gravity and Arch Dams on Rock Foundation
Presents and analyzes the designs of concrete dams, allowing for a better understanding of the approaches and decision-making principles for designing dams. Useful to hydraulic engineers and professionals involved in concrete dams or settlement studies, and as a textbook for university students.
Continuum and Computational Mechanics for Geomechanical Engineers
The field of rock mechanics and rock engineering utilizes the basic laws of continuum mechanics and the techniques developed in computational mechanics. This book describes the basic concepts behind these fundamental laws and their utilization in practice irrespective of whether rock/rock mass contains discontinuities.This book consists of nine chapters and six appendices. The first four chapters are concerned with continuum mechanics aspects, which include the basic operations, definition of stress and strain tensors, and derivation of four fundamental conservation laws in the simplest yet precise manner. The next two chapters are the preparation for computational mechanics, which require constitutive laws of geomaterials relevant to each conservation law and the procedures for how to determine required parameters of the constitutive laws. Computational mechanics solves the resulting ordinary and partial differential equations. In Chapter 7, the methods of exact (closed-form) solutions are explained and they are applied to ordinary/partial differential equations with solvable boundary and initial conditions. In Chapter 8, the fundamentals of approximate solution methods are explained for one dimension first and then how to extend them to multi-dimensional problems. The readers are expected to learn and clearly understand how they are derived and applied to various problems in geomechanics. The final chapter involves the applications of the approximate methods to the actual problems in practice for geomechanical engineers, which cover the continuum to discontinuum, including the stress state of the earth as well as the ground motions induced by earthquakes. Six appendices are provided to have a clear understanding of continuum mechanics operations and procedures for how to deal with discontinuities/interfaces often encountered in rock mechanics and rock engineering.
Mineral Processing Technology
Mineral processing technology is a branch of applied science that deals with the principles and practice of separating useful minerals from primary solid ore mineral resources. This book introduces the science and technology of processing solid minerals to concentrates of grades suitable for industrial extraction of metal values and other non-metallic products. It also includes case studies, typical process flowsheets, aspects of the processing of tailings arising from mineral processing plants and worked examples.Features: Includes science and technology of processing solid minerals to concentrates of grades, suitable for industrial extraction of metal values and other non-metallic products. Provides a logical progression from basic to advanced concepts in mineral processing. Designed to stimulate students to think as mineral processing engineers in training. Explores sustainable mineral processing and circular economy in mineral processing. Contains worked examples that clearly illustrate the various theories presented and help readers develop problem-solving skills in mineral processing This book is aimed at professionals and senior undergraduate students in metallurgy, mining, mineral processing, chemistry and chemical engineering.
A ’Light’ Guide to Energy Savings in Transport
This book is a practical guide to finding and delivering energy savings opportunities in transport operations for professional energy managers and energy auditors. Globally, transport is one of the fastest growing energy consumers and emitters of greenhouse gases, predominantly CO2. The transport sector is also changing quickly ("more change in the last 5 years than in the last 50" - Mary Barra, CEO General Motors). After distance, unladen vehicle weight is the biggest driver of energy consumption in transport, hence this book is called the 'light' guide - tongue in cheek. Be warned transport is a huge and complex topic. This practical guide from the convener of EN16247-4:2014, the first European energy audit standard for transport, takes a pragmatic approach to delivering measurable energy and emissions reductions in transport operations. Lessons learnt from the author's 17 years of experience in persuading operators to deliver measured energy savings in transport are interwoven with tools, tips and shortcuts. These will help energy managers and auditors deliver effective transport energy audits that identify opportunities, prompting action, measured savings and, most importantly, being invited back!
Advanced Design
This book is about design. Everybody does design, from artists to engineers, from interior designers to industrial designers. We design our days and we design our lives. This book presents the three universal activities that everyone uses, no matter who they are or what they do. These three activities are 1.) clarify an ambiguous project, 2.) generate ideas, and 3.) select one idea for implementation. This book also presents how the psychology of design impacts our effectiveness with each of these three activities, from creativity through decision making, intuition through analysis, and cognitive enhancement through design biases. Although the examples provided in this book primarily target the diverse disciplines of art (painting) and engineering, they can be easily understood and adapted by designers in any discipline.This book helps advanced design students and working professionals in any discipline to understand why and when the basic design principles they were taught workor do not work and, as a result, improve their design effectiveness.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Intelligent Transportation Systems
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are set to revolutionize all industries, and the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) field is no exception. While ML, especially deep learning models, achieve great performance in terms of accuracy, the outcomes provided are not amenable to human scrutiny and can hardly be explained. This can be very problematic, especially for systems of a safety-critical nature such as transportation systems. Explainable AI (XAI) methods have been proposed to tackle this issue by producing human interpretable representations of machine learning models while maintaining performance. These methods hold the potential to increase public acceptance and trust in AI-based ITS.FEATURES: Provides the necessary background for newcomers to the field (both academics and interested practitioners) Presents a timely snapshot of explainable and interpretable models in ITS applications Discusses ethical, societal, and legal implications of adopting XAI in the context of ITS Identifies future research directions and open problems
Trends and Opportunities of Rapid Prototyping Technologies
Trends and Opportunities of Rapid Prototyping Technologies provides a comprehensive overview of rapid prototyping, also known as 3D printing. It discusses challenges in this domain, such as lack of standardization and certification, as well as the requirements coming from the industrial sector. The book examines existing 3D printing methods and materials as well as their applications, customizations, and process parameters.
Sand in Construction
Sand is commonly used in construction, often providing bulk, strength, and stability to other materials such as asphalt, concrete, mortar, render, cement, and screed. This book presents recent advances in the sand in construction techniques with special emphasis on contemporary issues in non-destructive testing (NDT) and evaluation. Chapters cover such topics as the origin, classification, and technology of sand control in construction, the importance of using sand in construction, and the various types of sand and their purposes in different types of construction.
Boundary Layer Flows - Modelling, Computation, and Applications of Laminar, Turbulent Incompressible and Compressible Flows
This book provides a comprehensive overview of boundary layer flows, including laminar and turbulent flows. Chapters discuss such topics as the nature of transition, the effect of two-dimensional and isolated roughness on laminar flow, and progress in the design of low-drag airfoils. They also present theoretical and experimental results in boundary layer flows and discuss directions for future research.
New Approaches in Foundation Engineering
Many catastrophic building failures are due to inadequate knowledge of soil behavior. As such, foundation engineering is an important part of structural design. This book provides a comprehensive overview of foundation engineering. Chapters address such topics as the properties of tropical soils in Brazil, glass fiber-reinforced soils, carbon-reduced foundations of high-rise structures, intelligent design of underground powerhouses, and karst protection design.
Crisis-Ready Leadership
CRISIS-READY LEADERSHIP Provides an integrated framework for making decisions in the context of a crisis, based on operationalized practices and strategies Crisis-ready Leadership: Building Resilient Organizations and Communities provides the knowledge and skills necessary to make timely and effective decisions while managing a large-scale incident. Codifying the best practices from the successful FEMA-certified course On-Scene Crisis Leadership and Decision Making for HazMat Incidents, this comprehensive volume provides systematic guidance on best practices for improving situational awareness, adapting leadership styles, implementing incident command systems across political and organizational boundaries, and more. Throughout the book, readers gain an in-depth understanding of crucial leadership and decision-making skills through examination of real-world case studies based on interviews, reports, and testimonies of experienced crisis leaders within government and the private sector. Organized around five key topics, each detailed chapter helps crisis leaders fully comprehend a particular problem, its associated challenges, and the lessons learned. Presenting operationally relevant issues and solutions supported by sound theory, this invaluable resource: Presents leading models, theories, and frameworks for situational awareness and decision making, including FEMA Community Lifelines Highlights complex challenges in different operating contexts and complicating factors such as stress and diversity, equity, and inclusion of stakeholders Emphasizes engaging the whole community to enhance preparedness and facilitate the decision-making process to chart a clear path to recovery Contains practical exercises designed to strengthen crisis leadership and decision-making skills Includes numerous case studies and example strategies, objectives, and scenarios Crisis-ready Leadership: Building Resilient Organizations and Communities is required reading for all those with leadership and decision-making responsibilities before, during, and after crisis events, including emergency managers, police and fire department leaders, C-suite executives, government agency and military leaders, public health directors, and industrial facility health, safety, security, and environmental directors.
Human Factors on the Flight Deck
This book presents the Human Factors methodologies and applications thereof that can be utilised across the design, modelling and evaluation stages of the design lifecycle of new technologies entering future commercial aircraft.As advances are made to the architecture of commercial aircraft cockpits, Human Factors on the Flight Deck argues that it is vitally important that these new interfaces are safely incorporated and designed in a way that is usable to the pilot. Incorporation of Human Factors is essential to ensuring that engineering developments to avionic systems are integrated such that pilots can maintain safe interactions while gaining information of value. Case study examples of various technological advancements during their early conceptual stages are given throughout to highlight how the methods and processes can be applied across each stage.The text will be useful for professionals, graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of aviation, Human Factors and ergonomics.
A Practical Design Guide for Coastal Rubble Mound Structures
This comprehensive compendium highlights the practical side in the design of the coastal rubble mound structures. All basic rubble mound structural elements with various special features or arrangements are discussed and presented with guidelines to the best practices.A unique feature of this book offers insight into practical constraints and problems. A variety of practical designs and construction examples are elucidated to most common issues faced in the design with extensive discussions on what influences the selection of the proper solution. It is an essential aid to take the design a step further, from basic to a professional level.This useful reference benefits coastal engineers in general, design consultants, construction engineers or anyone carrying out supervision and inspection work.Related Link(s)
Fundamentals of Foundation Engineering
This book aims to introduce the principle and design of various foundations, covering shallow foundations, mat foundations, earth retaining structures, excavations, pile foundations, and slope stability. Since the analysis and design of a foundation are based on the soil properties under short-term (undrained) or long-term (drained) conditions, the assessment of soil properties from the geotechnical site investigation and the concept of drained or undrained soil properties are discussed in the first two chapters. Foundation elements transfer various load combinations from the superstructure to the underlying soils or rocks. The load transfer mechanisms, vertical stress or earth pressure distributions, and failure modes of each foundation type are clearly explained in this book. After understanding the soil responses subjected to the loadings from the foundation, the design methods, required factors of safety, and improvement measures for each foundation type are elaborated. This book presents both theoretical explication and practical applications for readers to easily comprehend the theoretical background, design methods, and practical applications and considerations. Each chapter provides relevant exercise examples and a problem set for self-practice. The analysis methods introduced in the book can be applied in actual analysis and design as they contain the most up-to-date knowledge of foundation design. This book is suitable for teachers and students to use in foundation engineering courses and engineers who are engaged in foundation design to create a technically sound, construction-feasible, and economical design of the foundation system.
Research Techniques for Computer Science, Information Systems and Cybersecurity
This book introduces impact-driven research paths in computer science, information systems and cybersecurity with practical insights, effective instructions, and examples. The book takes the students through the full cycle of research until the point of submission and evaluation. The book begins by providing postgraduate research students with the foundational concepts and techniques to simplify the complexities associated with choosing topics in the computer science (CS), information systems (IS) and cybersecurity (CY) research domains. The authors furnish readers with fundamentals that facilitate active quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research enquiries. The content offers important perspectives on how to think about deepening research in CS, IS and CY, noting that these subjects can be studied from computational sciences, engineering sciences, health sciences, social sciences, or interdisciplinary perspectives. This unique and contemporary book aims to benefit researchers, graduate students and engineers in the fields of computer science, information systems and cybersecurity in particular, in addition to other engineering and technology disciplines.
Why and Why Now? Answering the Fundamental Questions of Failure Forensics for Geo-Structural Systems
The professional practice of civil engineering has long benefitted and advanced as the result of lessons learned from failures of both engineered and non-engineered structures. This monograph provides a comprehensive summary of lessons learned from both failures and sub-failures ('near misses' or 'close calls') in geotechnical and foundation engineering and related structural engineering, what the author refers to collectively as geo-structures and geo-structural systems. This presentation is based on the author's more than 50 years of professional experience as a civil engineer specializing in geotechnical and foundation engineering. This monograph also contains the author's observations on the professional practice/business aspects of forensic engineering as applied to geo-structures. This monograph is intended to be a resource document for both experienced and entry-level civil engineers who want to learn more about the professional practice of forensic engineering as applied to geo-structures which is distinctly different from other practice areas of civil engineering such as design, construction, and academia.
Investigation of the Chirajara Bridge Collapse
On January 15, 2018 at 11:49, the west pylon of the cable-stayed Chirajara Bridge collapsed during construction of the bridge girder. The collapse led to the total destruction of the pylon, together with the erected span of the bridge girder. Authorities reported nine fatalities resulting from the collapse.In this case study, the findings of the detailed investigation into the failure mechanism of the bridge are reported. In addition, selected drawings used for construction, geotechnical aspects, and deficiencies in the bridge design are presented, together with observations made during site visits and interviews with relevant parties.
Applied Statistics in Occupational Safety and Health, Fourth Edition
This completely updated fourth edition is designed to provide safety professionals or those studying to become safety professionals with the basic methods and principles necessary to apply statistics properly. Safety professionals often encounter statistics in the literature they read and are required to present findings or make decisions based on data analyses. Statistics can be used to justify the implementation of a program, identify areas that need to be addressed, or justify the impact that various safety programs have on losses and accidents. Safety professionals also use a variety of data in their day-to-day work.Applied Statistics in Occupational Safety and Health presents the reader with practical information to make their job easier. In addition to sample problems and solutions, the authors include easy-to-read charts and tables, appendices containing statistical tables, and a glossary of terms.
Emerging Technologies in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gas Flow Modelling
Emerging Technologies in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gas Flow Modelling features the latest strategies for exploiting depleted and unconventional petroleum rock formations as well as simulating associated gas flow mechanisms. The book covers a broad range of multivarious stimulation methods currently applied in practice. It introduces new stimulation techniques including a comprehensive description of interactions between formation/hydraulic fracturing fluids and the host rock material. It provides further insight into practices aimed at advancing the operation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and can be used either as a standalone resource or in combination with other related literature. The book can serve as a propaedeutic resource and is appropriate for those seeking rudimentary information on the exploitation of ultra-impermeable oil and gas reservoirs. Professionals and researchers in the field of petroleum, civil, oil and gas, geotechnical and geological engineering who are interested in the production of unconventional petroleum resources as well as students undertaking studies in similar subject areas will find this to be an instructional reference.
Engineering Problems
This book is based on the concept that optimization, as the core engineering practice, is a bridge to relate the given problem constraints to an acceptable level of uncertainties for the corresponding solution. Over two sections, this book addresses optimization techniques and parameters for engineering problems, corresponding uncertainties in engineering optimization solutions and methods to manage them, and managing uncertainties to support environmental pollution prevention and control.
Foreign Production Project Planning In The Real World
In the complex world today, the foreign project planning and development is faced with a chancing flow of decision situations. Added to this must be Covid 19 virus with its world wide impact that complicate the situation further. The degree of impact varies on case basis, the location, activity or sub disciplines associated with the scope and the partners' role in the project. In the changing world situation it is not realistic to outline a detailed blanked coved impact to all typical project activities. Rather, in more general terms and strong foreign field experience create awareness of important project planning issues for engineers and responsible managers. The book is a Rare and Unique introduction to the topic with illustrations to clarify the issues.
IoT Based Fuzzy Expert System for Flood Detection and Avoidance
A fuzzy expert system is a type of expert system that uses fuzzy logic to represent and reason with imprecise or uncertain knowledge. Expert systems are artificial intelligence (AI) programs that are designed to mimic the decision-making abilities of a human expert in a specific domain. They are composed of a knowledge base, which contains information about the domain, and an inference engine, which uses the knowledge base to make decisions or provide recommendations. Fuzzy expert systems differ from traditional expert systems in that they are able to handle uncertainty and imprecision in the knowledge base. They do this by using fuzzy logic, which allows for the representation of partial truths and gradations of truth rather than just binary true or false values. This makes fuzzy expert systems well-suited for domains where there may be a lack of precise data or where the relationships between variables are not clearly defined. Flood detection is the process of identifying the presence and extent of a flood, either in real-time or in the aftermath of a flood event. Flood detection can be achieved through a variety of methods, including the use of remote sensing technologies such as satellites, radar, and aerial photography, as well as ground-based sensors and measurements such as river gauges and weather stations. Flood detection is important for a number of reasons, including flood warning and forecasting, disaster response, and risk assessment and management. By identifying the location and severity of a flood, authorities and emergency responders can take appropriate actions to protect people, infrastructure, and property. Floods have been classified into two categories including periodic flood and aperiodic flood. Periodic floods happen due to rivers in pre-decided flood plains. On the other hand, aperiodic floods are random and happen in forms of waterlogging, heavy rain induced floods, flash floods, and cloudburst-induced floods. Many flood avoidance strategies are in practice to avoid these floods but no one helps appropriately. In all the flood, urban flood always harms humans. These never provide any benefit as periodic provides in agriculture while instead of benefits, aperiodic floods sometimes create deadly disasters as indicated. To avoid both kinds of flood many techniques are in use. For avoiding periodic floods, two main techniques are available on which organizations and governments have focused including river connectivity projects and dam development projects. On the other hand, to avoid the aperiodic flood, different techniques are in use. These techniques include drainage management; by developing a drainage system, installation of sandbags or dike development.
Thin-Films for Machining Difficult-To-Cut Materials
This book presents balanced blend of principles and characteristics of machining of difficult-to-cut materials and coating techniques and in-depth practical information on coatings techniques and classifications, the effect of coating parameters on machining responses and Finite Element analysis of the machining performance of coated tools.
Industrial Design of Experiments
This textbook provides the tools, techniques, and industry examples needed for the successful implementation of design of experiments (DoE) in engineering and manufacturing applications. It contains a high-level engineering analysis of key issues in the design, development, and successful analysis of industrial DoE, focusing on the design aspect of the experiment and then on interpreting the results. Statistical analysis is shown without formula derivation, and readers are directed as to the meaning of each term in the statistical analysis. Industrial Design of Experiments: A Case Study Approach for Design and Process Optimization is designed for graduate-level DoE, engineering design, and general statistical courses, as well as professional education and certification classes. Practicing engineers and managers working in multidisciplinary product development will find it to be an invaluable reference that provides all the information needed to accomplish a successful DoE.
Fundamentals of Open Channel Flow
Through theory, examples, and spreadsheets and software, this advanced text covers energy, momentum, friction, and gradually varied flow, with a few simple equations - now with more design applications, a wider range of channel shapes, and an update of the HEC-RAS program. The website gives graphs, interactive tools and numerous animations.
Feature Papers in Compounds
This book represents a collection of contributions in the field of the synthesis and characterization of chemical compounds, natural products, chemical reactivity, and computational chemistry. Among its contents, the reader will find high-quality, peer-reviewed research and review articles that were published in the open access journal Compounds by members of the Editorial Board and the authors invited by the Editorial Office and Editor-in-Chief.
Structural Engineering
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Naval Dry Docks Of The United States, Volumes 1-2
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
General Instructions To Superintendents On The Wabash And Erie Canal
The Naval Dry Docks Of The United States, Volumes 1-2
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Lighthouse Construction and Illumination
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Terrestrial and Celestial Globes
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Symmetrical Masonry Arches
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Report of the Chief of Engineers U.S. Army, Part 4
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
