Advanced Applications of Micro and Nano Clay II
The book focuses on clay-based micro and nanocomposites with different synthetic polymers and presents their synthesis, characterization and testing. The fields of application of these materials include food packaging, rheological control agents, wastewater treatment, biomedical applications and drug delivery.Keywords: Synthetic Polymer Composites, Nanoclay-based Polymer Nanocomposites, Hectorite, Nontronite-Starch, Reinforcement of Thermoplastics, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Sonochemical Synthesis, Drug Delivery, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Flame Retardancy, Water Treatment
Design of Micro- and Nanoparticles
Objects of nanotechnology such as micro- and nanoparticles are very interesting due to their unique properties. This reprint will be useful to scientists of diverse backgrounds, i.e., material science, organic and inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, and biology.
Silica and Silicon Based Nanostructures
Silica and silicon-based nanostructures are now well-understood materials for which the technologies are mature. The most obvious applications, such as electronic devices, have been widely explored over the last two decades. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together the state of the art in the field and to enable the emergence of new ideas and concepts for silicon and silica-based nanostructures.
Ecosystem Services in Azerbaijan
Chapter1. Caspian Sea and its values in Azerbaijan.- Chapter2. Mountain ecosystem values.- Chapter3. Value of the clean water in Azerbaijan.- Chapter4. Environmental migration and cultural losses.
Life Cycle Engineering and Management of Products
This book presents the role of life cycle engineering and life cycle management of products and services and their contributions to corporate environmental sustainability and the circular economy. It addresses the main techniques, tools, systems and practices for improving the environmental performance of business products and services throughout their life cycles. The book covers the main topics and concepts related to life cycle engineering and life cycle management applied to the business context. It presents the themes through basic and in-depth theories. In addition, all chapters provide examples of real and hypothetical case studies for discussion and assimilation of theoretical content and its contextualization in the real and practical business scenario. The chapters are complemented by quantitative exercises.
Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
This monograph is a detailed introduction to the nascent and ever-evolving fields of metamaterials and nanophotonics, with key techniques and applications needed for a comprehensive understanding of these fields all detailed. These include the 'standard' and high-accuracy 'nonstandard' FDTD techniques, finite-difference frequency-domain mode solvers, the transfer matrix method, analytic calculations for dielectric and plasmonic waveguides, dispersion, Maxwell-Bloch and density functional theory, as well as design methods for constructing metamaterials and nanolasers, and quantum plasmonics. The book is intended for final-year undergraduates, as well as postgraduates or active researchers who wish to understand and enter these fields in a 'user-friendly' manner, and who have a basic understanding of and familiarity with electromagnetic theory.
Fundamentals of Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials
Fibre reinforced composite materials are showing sustained growth in an ever widening range of applications from food trays to spacecraft as well as contributing to resolving environmental problems, including enabling the forthcoming hydrogen economy to be realised.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
1. Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers by Two-Step Swelling and Polymerization Jun Haginaka 2. Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Nanoparticles by Precipitation Polymerization and Characterization by Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy Clovia I. Holdsworth, K. Fremielle Lim, and Phonlakrit Muang-Non 3. MIP Synthesis and Processing Using Supercritical Fluids Ana I. Furtado, Raquel Viveiros, and Teresa Casimiro 4. Synthesis of Bacteria Imprinted Polymers by Pickering Emulsion Polymerization Haiyue Gong, Xiantao Shen, and Lei Ye 5. Restricted Access Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Mariana Azevedo Rosa, T獺ssia Venga Mendes, and Eduardo Costa Figueiredo 6. Synthesis of Double-Layer Imprinted Polymers: BSA Depletion Okan Zenger and G繹zde Baydemi̇r Peşi̇nt 7. Magnetic MIPs: Synthesis and Applications Rafael da Fonseca Alves, Lucas Neres Chagas da Silva, Gilberto Matos Neto, Isabela Fernandes Ierick, Thiago Lima Ferreira, and Maria Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor 8. Water-Compatible Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Huiqi Zhang 9. Generation of High-Affinity Aptamer-MIP Hybrid Nanoparticles Mark Sullivan, Rachel Hand, and Nicholas Turner 10. Molecularly Imprınted Solıd-Phase Extractıon Sorbents for the Selectıve Extraction of Drugs from Human Urine Hasan Basan 11. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Coupled with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Detect Chemical Hazards in Foods Marti Z. Hua, Shaolong Feng, and Xiaonan Lu 12. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for a Smart Dispersive Micro Solid-Phase Extraction Technique for Assessing Trace Level Aflatoxins in Cultured Fish G.D. Thilini Madurangika Jayasinghe and Antonio Moreda-Pi簽eiro 13. Preparation of Monolithic Fibers in Fused Silica Capillary Molds, for Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Microextraction Esther Turiel Trujillo and Myriam D穩az ?lvarez 14. Quick, Easy, Cheap, and Effective Method for the Synthesis of Rugged Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Stir-Bars Patricia Regal, M籀nica D穩az-Bao, and Alberto Cepeda 15. Detection of Human Serum Neopterin as a Prognostic Indicator Using Neopterin-Imprinted Cryogel Membrane Columns Okan Zenger, Burcu Eren, Pırıl Arısoy, Sibel ?zdaş, and G繹zde Baydemir Peşint 16. Fluorescence Sensing with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Capped Quantum Dots Hanieh Montaseri, Heidi Abrahamse, and Pa
Green Synthesized Iron-Based Nanomaterials
This book cover different green route approaches used for the preparation of iron-based nanoparticles and their environmental remediation applications. Critical analysis of different routes and the separation techniques of iron-based nanomaterials along with potential risk of iron nanoparticles on human health and atmosphere are also discussed.
Electromigration in Metals
Learn to assess electromigration reliability and design more resilient chips in this comprehensive and practical resource. Beginning with fundamental physics and building to advanced methodologies, this book enables the reader to develop highly reliable on-chip wiring stacks and power grids. Through a detailed review on the role of microstructure, interfaces and processing on electromigration reliability, as well as characterisation, testing and analysis, the book follows the development of on-chip interconnects from microscale to nanoscale. Practical modeling methodologies for statistical analysis, from simple 1D approximation to complex 3D description, can be used for step-by-step development of reliable on-chip wiring stacks and industrial-grade power/ground grids. This is an ideal resource for materials scientists and reliability and chip design engineers.
Materials for Lightweight Constructions
This book presents the concepts and methods involved in the development of various materials for lightweight constructions include metals, alloys, polymers, and composites. Further, it provides relevant case studies and examples including traditional to advanced manufacturing concepts of lightweight, and bio-degradable materials.
Properties, Fabrication Methods and Applications of Nanostructured Materials
Materials having at least one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm are referred to as nanostructured materials or nanomaterials. Some naturally occurring nanomaterials are milk, blood, nacre and cotton. Nanostructured materials engineered for specific purposes include carbon black and titanium dioxide nanomaterials. While carbon black finds extensive use in the tire industry, titanium dioxide is found in sunscreens and cement. On the basis of external dimensions, nanostructured materials can be classified into nanotubes, nanowires, fullerenes, etc. Manufacturing of nanomaterials involves application of various fields such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and materials science. The two most common approaches to produce nanomaterials are the top-down approach and bottom-up approach. This book outlines the processes and applications of nanostructured materials in detail. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to nanostructured materials. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.
Beryllium
Beryllium: Its Metallurgy and Properties is a comprehensive exploration of the metal's characteristics, processing, and applications, based on lectures delivered at the University of California, Los Angeles, in March 1963. The book focuses on beryllium as a construction material, recent advancements in its technology, and efforts to improve its ductility through advanced processing techniques. It highlights the growing significance of beryllium oxide as an engineering material and addresses health hazards associated with handling beryllium, offering guidance on mitigation strategies. Appendices include information on electron probe microanalysis and metallography, providing further technical insights. The chapters are authored by experts from government agencies, academic institutions, and industry, all actively engaged in beryllium research, development, fabrication, and application. The book emphasizes the need for continued research and development to advance the material's usability and safety, reflecting its critical role in modern engineering. By combining technical detail with practical applications, the text serves as a vital resource for professionals and researchers in metallurgy and materials science. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1965.
Beryllium
Beryllium: Its Metallurgy and Properties is a comprehensive exploration of the metal's characteristics, processing, and applications, based on lectures delivered at the University of California, Los Angeles, in March 1963. The book focuses on beryllium as a construction material, recent advancements in its technology, and efforts to improve its ductility through advanced processing techniques. It highlights the growing significance of beryllium oxide as an engineering material and addresses health hazards associated with handling beryllium, offering guidance on mitigation strategies. Appendices include information on electron probe microanalysis and metallography, providing further technical insights. The chapters are authored by experts from government agencies, academic institutions, and industry, all actively engaged in beryllium research, development, fabrication, and application. The book emphasizes the need for continued research and development to advance the material's usability and safety, reflecting its critical role in modern engineering. By combining technical detail with practical applications, the text serves as a vital resource for professionals and researchers in metallurgy and materials science. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1965.
Emergence in Condensed Matter and Quantum Gravity
This book surveys the science at a semipopular, Scientific American-level. It is even-handed with regard to competing directions of research and philosophical positions. It is hard to get even two people to agree on anything, yet a million billion water molecules can suddenly and abruptly coordinate to lock themselves into an ice crystal or liberate one another to billow outwards as steam. The marvelous self-organizing capacity of matter is one of the central and deepest puzzles of physics, with implications for all the natural sciences. Physicists in the past century have found a remarkable diversity of phases of matter--and equally remarkable commonalities within that diversity. The pace of discovery has, if anything, only quickened in recent years with the appreciation of quantum phases of matter and so-called topological order. The study of seemingly humdrum materials has made contact with the more exotic realm of quantum gravity, as theorists realize that the spacetime continuummay itself be a phase of some deeper and still unknown constituents. These developments flesh out the sometimes vague concept of the emergence--how exactly it is that complexity begets simplicity.
Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys
This Special Issue reprint book features a broad scope of contributions that highlight current accomplishments and provide readers with some perspective on the direction of research on magnesium alloys in the near future with respect to global challenges. The papers included in the book report on state-of-the-art methods and research trends regarding the microstructure, properties and industrial application of magnesium alloys for use in lightweight structures across several industries.
THE LAST WAR How AI Will Shape India's Final Showdown With China
If India and China were to fight a war in thenear future, India faces the prospect of losing the war within ten days. Chinacould take Arunachal Pradesh and Ladakh with a minimum loss of life, and thereis very little that India could do about it. This is because the Indianmilitary is preparing for the wrong war. In this eye-opening and disquietingbook, military expert and bestselling author Pravin Sawhney explains in greatdetail how this alarming scenario could play out.China'swar with India will be reminiscent of the 1991 Gulf War. The US military'sbattle networks connecting sensors to shooters and guided munitions withsupport from space assets had induced shock and awe in militaries worldwide.Similarly, China's war with India will stun the world with the use ofartificial intelligence, emerging technologies, multi-domain operations, imaginative war concepts, and collaboration between humans and intelligentrobots. China has been preparing for this since the 2017 Doklam crisis afterwhich it permanently augmented its troops across the Line of Actual Control.Theauthor argues that China's superpower status will only grow and the'capabilities lag' between the two countries will expand. And if there isoutright war, the Indian military will be no match for China's AI-backed warmachines. In such a war, traditional conventional forces will be at a hugedisadvantage, nuclear weapons will have no role to play, and the valour ofindividual soldiers will be of no consequence. India is honing its strengths tofight a war in the three physical domains of land, air, and the sea, whereasthe PLA is working on becoming the overwhelmingly superior force in sevendomains-air, land, sea (including deep-sea warfare), outer space, cyber space, the electromagnetic spectrum, and near space (aka the hypersonic domain). ThePLA's disruption technologies will overwhelm India within the first seventy-twohours of hostilities commencing, and will lead to the quick end of India'sresistance. The primary battleground will not be on land but in cyberspace andthe electromagnetic spectrum. TheLast War explains why it's critical that India works to prevent such a warever taking place.It should avoid focusing onjoint combat with the US, whose power in the region is weakening. Instead, India should seek to make peace with China and Pakistan, its main adversariesat the moment, while simultaneously working to enhance its military andtechnological strengths in areas that it hasn't focused its resources on. Onlythen will the country's borders be firmly secure, and the region's future peaceand prosperity be assured.
Current Perspective on the Study of Liquid-Fluid Interfaces
Fluid interfaces are promising candidates for confining different types of materials - e.g., polymers, surfactants, colloids, and even small molecules - and for designing new functional materials with reduced dimensionality. The development of such materials requires a deepening of the Physico-chemical bases underlying the formation of layers at fluid interfaces, as well as on the characterization of their structures and properties. This is of particular importance because the constraints associated with the assembly of materials at the interface lead to the emergence of equilibrium and dynamics features in the interfacial systems, which are far from those conventionally found in the traditional materials. This Special Issue is devoted to studies on fundamental and applied aspects of fluid interfaces, trying to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current status of the research field.
Design and Manufacture of Fibre-Reinforced Composites
This book presents an introduction to the design and manufacture of fibre-reinforced composites. The mechanical properties of unidirectional composites are considered in a structural design context. The use of woven and random fibres is also addressed. The accuracy of design estimates for unidirectional composites is benchmarked against test data, and the relevance of a factor of safety (FoS) is established. The importance of prototype testing is emphasised. This book illustrates how to make a fibre-reinforced composite. Wet layup, vacuum bagging and prepreg moulding are covered in detail. Some guidance on mould design and construction is also provided. Finally, an introduction to the manufacture of composite tubes is presented. Wherever possible, design and make examples are used to illustrate the content. Tutorial questions and problems are included at the end of each chapter. The reader is encouraged to use these questions and problems to assesstheir own level of understanding of the content.
Terotechnology XII
Terotechnology is concerned with the installation, commissioning, maintenance, replacement, and removal of plant machinery and equipment. It also includes operation and design aspects, and related subjects and practices.Keywords: Flow Control Valve, Boiling Heat Transfer, Laser Treated Heaters, Laser Micro Machining, Surface Laser Micropatterning, Adhesive Joints, WC-Co Coatings, Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings, TiO2 Coatings, Weathering of Paint Systems. Rolling Stock, Cellular Automata, High Strength Concrete, Concrete Composites, Thermal Sensations, Intelligent Buildings, Sulphuric Acid, Corrosion Resistance of Coatings on Steel, Evaluating the Technological Modernity of Machines, Computer Simulation Techniques, Production Management, TNT Storage, Powder Metallurgy, Graphene Oxide, Rail Head Operational Crack, Aluminum Castings, Non-Destructive Testing, Automotive Industry Case Studies, Quality Assessment, Bearing Shell Casting, Rail Vehicles, Fuels in Rail Transport, Fire Hazard, Mobility Assessment for Tracked Vehicles, Laser Welding, Helical Metal Expansion Joints, Steel Joints, Flash Butt Welded Rail Joints, Gas Face Seals, Design Parameters of Ball Bearing, Neural Network Structure, Prescriptive Maintenance Strategy, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Urban Traffic Noise, Textile Cleaning Processes.
Flexible Oleds
This book offers a wealth of knowledge and information about the fundamental and practical aspects of flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. The book provides an overview of these devices by considering their merits and business potential, the history of their research and development, the fundamental technology, and required properties for materials, devices, processes, and future trends of flexible OLED devices. The practical sections describe novel, cutting-edge expertise for flexible substrates, gas barriers, encapsulation, novel electrodes, and on-demand patterning for OLED devices. Applications of the technologies of ultra-thin glass, stainless steel foil, and barrier films are described as flexible substrates. The book also explains features such as dry-barrier layers, wet-barrier layers, multi-layer barrier structures, dam-fill encapsulation, thin film encapsulation (TFE), and laminating encapsulation. In addition, there areexplanations of novel electrodes and on-demand ink-jet patterning, both of which are applicable to flexible OLED devices. As the novel electrodes, transparent conducting polymer, silver nanowire (AgNW), metal-mesh and roll-to-roll (R2R) process technologies are included. The know-how that is described here is applicable to flexible devices, not only for OLEDs, OPVs, OTFTs, and others but also for sensors, wearable devices, robots, and healthcare devices. The information contained in this valuable book is useful for all scientists, engineers, and managers who are interested in the field of flexible devices.
Piezoelectric Electromechanical Transducers for Underwater Sound, Part III & IV
The book presents a broad-scope analysis of piezoelectric electromechanical transducers and the related aspects of practical transducer design for underwater applications. It uses an energy method for analyzing transducer problems that provide the physical insight important for the understanding of electromechanical devices. Application of the method is first illustrated with transducer examples that can be modeled as systems with a single degree of freedom (such as spheres, short cylinders, bars and flexural disks and plates made of piezoelectric ceramics). Thereupon, transducers are modeled as devices with multiple degrees of freedom. In all these cases, results of modeling are presented in the form of equivalent electromechanical circuits convenient for the calculation of the transducers' operational characteristics. Special focus is made on the effects of coupled vibrations in mechanical systems on transducer performance. The book also provides extensive coverage of acoustic radiation including acoustic interaction between the transducers.Part III considers calculating transducers of various configurations: cylindrical, spherical, plates and beams vibrating in flexure, and the length expander bars.Part IV is focused on the transducers designing related issues such as: hydrostatic pressure compensa-tion, matching projectors with acoustic load, receivers noise immunity, and combining analytical methods with FEA for treating the transducers.
Adsorbents for Water and Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery
This reprint includes research articles on various applications of electrospun nanofibers. Nanofibers have potential to be used in tissue engineering, energy harvesting, sensors, separators, water filtration, air filtration, and other applications as well. This Special Issue has received 11 interesting research articles, which covers such application areas.
Application of Power Electronics Converters in Smart Grids and Renewable Energy Systems
This book focuses on the applications of Power Electronics Converters in smart grids and renewable energy systems. The topics covered include methods to CO2 emission control, schemes for electric vehicle charging, reliable renewable energy forecasting methods, and various power electronics converters. The converters include the quasi neutral point clamped inverter, MPPT algorithms, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the push-pull converter with a fuzzy logic controller.
Armed Groups and International Legitimacy
This book analyses the issue of child soldiers in order to understand how armed groups engage with international organizations to gain international legitimacy.The work examines why some armed groups 'follow the rules' of international humanitarian law and others do not. It argues that armed groups in conflicts around the world engage with international organizations in order to gain international legitimacy and to show they are following the laws of war. By examining the issue of child soldiers in contemporary armed conflict, the volume establishes a typology of which groups will engage with international actors and follow the laws of war - and which will not. The main aim of the book is to understand the rationality of even the most violent of actors, and to understand when and how armed groups can be encouraged to follow the laws of war. The work draws from extensive primary research conducted among armed groups in Syria and Myanmar, including al-Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the many small ethnic insurgent groups of Myanmar. This book will be of much interest to students of war and conflict studies, security studies, international humanitarian law, and International Relations.
The Nuclear Predicament
Ideological debate is one component of the intellectual background to Soviet policy-making. Originally published in 1987, this paper explores how Soviet writers wrestle with the challenge to their ideology that is posed by the threat of nuclear war.
Extraction of Cellulose-Based Polymers from Textile Wastes
The extraction and exploration of cellulose-based polymers is an exciting area of research. For many years, wood (especially from bleached kraft wood pulp) was considered the main source of cellulosic compounds because of its abundance in nature. However, in the past decade, researchers have been devoted to finding alternatives to extract cellulose from byproducts of agricultural crops and/or textile wastes, which are both highly available at a very reduced raw material cost. This book brings together original research that details the recent progresses and new developments in this field, and how this research is contributing to a circular economy.
Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing
Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing Explore laser-based additive manufacturing processes via multi-scale modeling and computer simulation In Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing: Modeling, Simulation, and Experiments, a distinguished team of researchers delivers an incisive framework for understanding materials processing using laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM). The book describes the use of computational modeling and simulation to explore and describe the LAM technique, to improve the compositional, phase, and microstructural evolution of the material, and to enhance the mechanical, chemical, and functional properties of the manufactured components. The accomplished authors combine a comprehensive overview of multi-scale modeling and simulation with experimental and practical observations, offering a systematic review of laser-material interactions in advanced LAM processes. They also describe the real-world applications of LAM, including component processing and surface functionalization. In addition to explorations of residual stresses, three-dimensional defects, and surface physical texture in LAM, readers will also find: A thorough introduction to additive manufacturing (AM), including the advantages of AM over conventional manufacturing and the challenges involved with using the technology A comprehensive exploration of computation materials science, including length- and time-scales in materials modeling and the current state of computational modeling in LAM Practical discussions of laser-material interaction in LAM, including the conversion of light energy to heat, modes of heat dissipation, and the dynamics of the melt-pool In-depth examinations of the microstructural and mechanical aspects of LAM integrated with modeling Perfect for materials scientists, mechanical engineers, and physicists, Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing: Modeling, Simulation, and Experiments is perfect for anyone seeking an insightful treatment of this cutting-edge technology in the areas of alloys, ceramics, and composites.
Sustainable Luxury and Jewelry
This book discusses the current trends in luxury and jewelry and presents how to make these sustainable for a better future. In the age of sustainability, we increasingly see how designers and consumers begin to think beyond a product's look&feel and operation, and are especially concerned about what has happened during its manufacturing process and what will happen once its useful life comes to an end. Today, consumers value that every industrial product and process should be sustainable, beneficial for the people, the economy and the planet, and so is the case for jewelry.
Advanced Removal Techniques for Dye-Containing Wastewaters
The book presents a sequential approach for the treatment of dye wastewater, presenting state-of-the-art techniques based on recent findings. The release of these dyes into the environment is a major threat due to their toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity and their biotransformation products. It has been at least two decades since researchers have been trying to find interactions between dye molecules and water media, and find new purification methods. This book plays an important role in this field by highlighting the cutting edge results in dye removal and remediation, and discusses in detail the application of various physical, chemical, and biological techniques for the removal of pollutants from water.
Multifunctional Concrete Technology
The book reviews production and applications of high- and ultrahigh strength multifunctional concrete. The use of various coarse and fine aggregates are covered, as well as ultrafine powders, new superplasticizers, anti-rust agents for steel bars and electrochemical protection technology.Keywords: Multifunctional Concrete, Powder Technology, Water Reducing Technology, Ultra-High Pumping Technology, Coarse and Fine Aggregates, Lightweight Aggregates, Electronic Protection, Superplasticizers, Shrinkage and Cracking, Shrinkage Reducing Agents. Anti-Rust Agents, Steel Bars. Microbead Ultrafine Powder, Natural Zeolite Ultrafine Powder, Slag Ultrafine Powder, Silica Fume, Fly Ash, Performance Testing.
High-Temperature Mechanical Hysteresis in Ceramic-Matrix Composites
This book focuses on mechanical hysteresis behavior in different fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), including 1D minicomposites, 1D unidirectional, 2D cross-ply, 2D plain-woven, 2.5D woven, and 3D needle-punched composites.
NATO and the Strategic Defence Initiative
This book explores the largely neglected issue of responses to the US Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI, or the 'Star Wars' missile defence programme) across NATO.
Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns
This book is intended to highlight why SCP policy design and evaluation needs to overcome conventional environmental policy framework. Emerging SCP policy design and evaluation do not involve focusing on individual products or behaviors or improving efficiency in management systems in relation to environmental sustainability; instead, they address more socio-economic systems and target collective efforts for transition. Effort has been made for this book/Special Issue to feature studies contributing to policy design and evaluation in this direction. It contains 11 papers covering challenges and opportunities for SCP policy design, application of foresight to policy design, evaluation of NDC potentials to facilitate sustainable lifestyles, comparative analysis of sustainable development criteria, sustainable lifestyle and education, subjective wellbeing and sustainable consumption, case studies on challenges and opportunities for sustainability transition at the local and community level, and three case studies on how to fill gaps between policy goals and environmental behavior at a city level in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. The papers in this book suggest that SCP policy design and evaluation need to pay more attention to social aspects of sustainability such as social infrastructure and well-being and socio-technical systems to ensure effective and just transition to sustainability.
Powder and High-Solid Coatings
This volume illustrates some of the most innovative aspects of organic coatings designed not only to protect against corrosion but also to obtain smart coatings. Both modification of the composition of organic coatings and performance evaluation techniques are presented.
Novel Materials for Dye-containing Wastewater Treatment
This book highlights novel materials for dye-containing wastewater treatment and presents an up-to-date information on dye degradation/adsorption using new promising materials such as nanocomposites. Development of various industrial sectors, including textile, food, paper, leather, rubber, cosmetic and printing has led to generation of wastewater which contain dye molecules as well as other inorganic and organic compounds. Considering serious health hazards and environmental damage associated with dyes in the environment, researchers and professionals have been attempting to find the most effective methods of treatment. Of late, various composites have received wide attention due to their outstanding properties in wastewater treatment, that are presented in this book.
Plant Fibre
This book provides an invaluable update on the science and technology of plant fibre and its growing importance as a source material. The book presents a basic and clear understanding of the most advanced developments of a wide range of functional plant fibre materials.The development and utilisation of plant fibre resources are considered to be one of the strategies with most potential for reducing consumption of petrochemicals, whether for direct use to produce energy in place of oil, coal and gas, and chemicals or to develop new materials. The ready supply and low cost of these 'green' products and processes provide endless opportunities.The book considers structure, processing, properties, and applications with a comprehensive examination and discussion of the structure, chemistry and behaviour of plant fibre. This is followed by basic information and a thorough understanding of functional materials directly derived from plant fibres, mainly including nanocellulose, physically and chemically treated plant fibre, cellulose film, cellulose textile, cellulose detection materials, and nanocellulose aerogel. The processing, property and application of functional plant fibre composites is then considered, including nanocellulose composite, plant fibre/natural resin composite, wood plastic composites and long fibre composites.
1d Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures
1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures In-depth discussion on the physics, chemistry, and engineering beneath the construction of 1D semiconducting hybrid materials 1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures: Synthesis and Applications in Gas Sensing and Optoelectronics provides breakthrough research developments and trends in a variety of 1D hybrid nanostructures for chemi-resistive gas sensors and optoelectronics applications, including recent investigations and developments regarding the innovative designing approaches, fabrications, and methods used to characterize these hybrid nanostructures. The text also includes the surface and interface properties of 1D hybrid semiconducting nanostructured materials, as well as their optimization for applications in gas sensing and optoelectronics. This book further addresses the different issues of sensitivity, selectivity, and operating temperature of gas sensors based on hybrid 1D nanostructures. Moreover, it covers the novel and additional functional optoelectronic properties that originate at the interface of 1D semiconducting nanostructures combined with other low dimensional materials. Some of the specific sample topics covered in this book include: Gas sensing and optoelectronic applications of one-dimensional semiconducting hybrid nanostructures, plus synthesis and gas sensing application of 1D semiconducting hybrid nanostructures Room temperature gas sensing properties of metal oxide nanowire/graphene hybrid structures and highly sensitive room temperature gas sensors based on organic-inorganic nanofibers Synthesis and applications of 1D hybrid tin oxide nanostructures and recent advances in semiconducting nanowires-based hybrid structures for solar application Types of semiconducting hybrid nanostructures for optoelectronic devices and hybrid 1D semiconducting ZnO/GaN nanostructures Thanks to its comprehensive coverage of the subject from highly qualified authors who have significant experience in the field, 1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures is a must-have reference for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professionals, researchers, in the field of semiconductor physics, materials science, surface science, and chemical engineering.
Offensive Cyber Operations
Cyber-warfare is often discussed, but rarely truly seen. When does an intrusion turn into an attack, and what does that entail? How do nations fold offensive cyber operations into their strategies? Operations against networks mostly occur to collect intelligence, in peacetime. Understanding the lifecycle and complexity of targeting adversary networks is key to doing so effectively in conflict. Rather than discussing the spectre of cyber war, Daniel Moore seeks to observe the spectrum of cyber operations. By piecing together operational case studies, military strategy and technical analysis, he shows that modern cyber operations are neither altogether unique, nor entirely novel. Offensive cyber operations are the latest incarnation of intangible warfare--conflict waged through non-physical means, such as the information space or the electromagnetic spectrum. Not all offensive operations are created equal. Some are slow-paced, clandestine infiltrations requiring discipline and patience for a big payoff; others are short-lived attacks meant to create temporary tactical disruptions. This book first seeks to understand the possibilities, before turning to look at some of the most prolific actors: the United States, Russia, China and Iran. Each have their own unique take, advantages and challenges when attacking networks for effect.
Conservation Tools, Protocols and Treatments on Painted Surfaces, Metal Leaves and Finishes in Cultural Heritage
Conservation of painted surfaces, metal leaves, and finishes requires a deep knowledge of both the materials themselves and the supports and the interaction phenomena occurring among them. Superficial treatments, operations, and materials adopted during the conservation intervention can modify the complex system of existing interactions. Therefore, it is fundamental to predict possible induced changes of the chemical-physical properties of the systems.This Special Issue aims at contributing to the definition of the state-of-the-art in the approach to conservation problems of painted surfaces, metal leaves, and finishes.In particular, the topic of interest includes but is not limited to: Methodological approaches for the conservation treatments of the painted surfaces, metal leaves, and finishes;Analytical tools and protocols for the validation of the treatment efficacy and recognizability;Analytical tools for the characterization of surface materials and their decay processes;New materials and treatments.
Application of Quantum Dots in Biology and Medicine
Introduction to Quantum Dots Synthetic Developments of Semiconductor Quantum Dot for Biological Applications All-Optical Detection of Biocompatible Quantum Dots A Toxicologic Review of Quantum Dots: Recent Insights and Future Directions Advantages And Disadvantages of Using Quantum Dots in Lateral Flow and Other Biological Assay Formats Recent Developments in Quantum Dots Technologies as Effective Theranostic Tools Against Cancer The Underlying Mechanism of Quantum Dot-Induced Apoptosis: Potential Application in Cancer Therapy Fluorescent Quantum Dots, A Technological Marvel for Optical Bio-Imaging: A Perspective on Associated In Vivo Toxicity Quantum Dots in Biosensing, Bioimaging and Drug Delivery Quantum Dots: Potential Cell Imaging Agent Quantum Dot: A Boon for Biological and Biomedical Research Upconversion and Downconversion Quantum Dots for Biomedical and Therapeutic Applications Present Status and Future Perspective
Nanomedicine Formulations Based on PLGA Nanoparticles for Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment of Disease
Nanomedicine is among the most promising emerging fields that can provide innovative and radical solutions to unmet needs in pharmaceutical formulation development. Encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients within nano-size carriers offers several benefits, namely, protection of the therapeutic agents from degradation, their increased solubility and bioavailability, improved pharmacokinetics, reduced toxicity, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, decreased drug immunogenicity, targeted delivery, and simultaneous imaging and treatment options with a single system.Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is one of the most commonly used polymers in nanomedicine formulations due to its excellent biocompatibility, tunable degradation characteristics, and high versatility. Furthermore, PLGA is approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pharmaceutical products. Nanomedicines based on PLGA nanoparticles can offer tremendous opportunities in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various diseases.This Special Issue aims to focus on the bench-to-bedside development of PLGA nanoparticles including (but not limited to) design, development, physicochemical characterization, scale-up production, efficacy and safety assessment, and biodistribution studies of these nanomedicine formulations.
Fundamental Studies of Shock-Driven Hydrodynamic Instabilities
Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Shock-driven multi-mode interface evolution.- Chapter 3. Shock-driven multi-layer interface evolution.- Chapter 4. Shock-driven multi-phase interface evolution.- Chapter 5. Conclusions and outlook.
Data-Mining and Intermetallic Property-Prediction
Using a computer-aided data mining approach and available experimental data bases, the author discusses the prediction of the structures and properties of intermetallic alloy compounds. The book references 252 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.Keywords: Data-Mining, Intermetallic Compounds, Structure-Mapping, Clustering Methods, Free Energy, Energy Landscapes of Compounds, Stable Groupings of Atoms, Intermetallic Phases, Crystal Unit Cell Size, Platonic Solids, Symmetries, Stoichiometries, Stability Fields.
Electrospun Composite Nanofibers for Functional Applications
This reprint includes research articles on various applications of electrospun nanofibers. Nanofibers have potential to be used in tissue engineering, energy harvesting, sensors, separators, water filtration, air filtration, and other applications as well. This Special Issue has received 11 interesting research articles, which covers such application areas.
Templated Fabrication of Graphene-Based Materials for Energy Applications
Templated Fabrication of Graphene-Based aterials for Energy Applications An illuminating look at the latest research on graphene-based materials and their applications in energy In Templated Fabrication of Graphene-Based Materials for Energy Applications, a team of distinguished materials scientists delivers a unique and topical exploration of a versatile fabrication method used to create high-quality graphene and composites. The book offers a three-part approach to current topics in graphene fabrication. The first part introduces graphene-based materials and is followed by cutting-edge discussions of template methods used in the preparation of graphene-based materials. The editors conclude with the latest research in the area of graphene-based materials applications in various energy-related pursuits. Readers will find relevant content that refers to original research conducted by the editors themselves, as well as work from up-and-coming and established researchers that explores the most interesting horizons in the study of graphene-based materials. The book also provides: A thorough introduction to graphene, including its history and physical properties An in-depth analysis of current graphene synthesis strategies, including the classification of graphene preparations Expansive discussions of various kinds of template methods for graphene production, including the study of porous metals and the preparation of graphene in large quantities Comprehensive explorations of the applications of various graphene-based materials, including lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors Perfect for materials scientists, electrochemists, and solid-state physicists, Templated Fabrication of Graphene-Based Materials for Energy Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of physical chemists and professionals in the electrotechnical industry.
Hemp and Sustainability
1. Introduction 2. The environmental and social impacts of hemp 3. Optimal climate conditions for hemp fibre production 4. Climate change impact on hemp 5. Climate adaptation 6. Sustainable performance of hemp 7. Sustainable hemp products 8. The future of hemp in the textile industry
