Massive Connectivity
Massive Connectivity Learn to support more devices and sensors in Internet of Things applications through NOMA and machine-type communication Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has held much interest due to its ability to provide a higher spectral efficiency--such as more bits per unit bandwidth in Hertz--than other, orthogonal multiple access schemes. The majority of this research focuses on the application of NOMA to downlink channels (from base station to users) in cellular systems as its use for uplink (users to base station) is somewhat circumscribed. However, NOMA has recently been employed in contention-based uplink access, which has shown an improvement in performance that allows an increase in the number of users that can be supported. As a result, NOMA is promising for machine-type communication (MTC) in 5G systems and beyond, making it a key enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT). Massive Connectivity provides an in-depth, comprehensive view of the benefits and drawbacks of uplink NOMA random access (RA) systems. This text offers a basic introduction and description of uplink NOMA RA systems before considering the possibilities for evolution of the scheme as attempts are made to derive the most benefits and overcome any weaknesses. The book further presents key performance analysis while also highlighting game-theoretic views. In essence, by describing the essential properties of stable and high-throughput yielding RA systems, the book demonstrates that uplink NOMA can fulfill these required properties. Massive Connectivity readers will also find: An extensive literature survey on RA systems and their applications since the 1970s Recent advances in random access for massive connectivity Retransmission control algorithms for NOMA random access Discussion of how uplink NOMA random access systems can be integrated into the existing long-term evolution (LTE) or upcoming 5G cellular networks Massive Connectivity is a useful reference for field engineers and academics, as well as experts for random access systems for IoT applications.
Organizational Learning in the Age of Data
This book discusses the impact of advanced information technologies, such as data processing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, on organizational decision-making processes and practices. One of the book's central themes is the interplay between human reasoning and machine logic in the context of organizational functioning, specifically, the fairly common situations in which subjective beliefs are pitted against objective evidence giving rise to conflict rather than enhancing the quality of organizational sensemaking. Aiming to not only raise the awareness of the potential challenges but also to offer solutions, the book delineates and discusses the core impediments to effective human-information technology interactions, and outlines strategies for overcoming those obstacles on the way to enhancing the efficacy of organizational decision-making.
Practical Channel-Aware Resource Allocation
This book dives into radio resource allocation optimizations, a research area for wireless communications, in a pragmatic way and not only includes wireless channel conditions but also incorporates the channel in a simple and practical fashion via well-understood equations. Most importantly, the book presents a practical perspective by modeling channel conditions using terrain-aware propagation which narrows the gap between purely theoretical work and that of industry methods. The provided propagation modeling reflects industry grade scenarios for radio environment map and hence makes the channel based resource allocation presented in the book a field-grade view. Also, the book provides large scale simulations that account for realistic locations with terrain conditions that can produce realistic scenarios applicable in the field. Most portions of the book are accompanied with MATLAB code and occasionally MATLAB/Python/C code. The book is intended for graduate students, academics, researchers of resource allocation in mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering departments as well as working professionals/engineers in wireless industry.
Security Incidents & Response Against Cyber Attacks
This book provides use case scenarios of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and real-time domains to supplement cyber security operations and proactively predict attacks and preempt cyber incidents. The authors discuss cybersecurity incident planning, starting from a draft response plan, to assigning responsibilities, to use of external experts, to equipping organization teams to address incidents, to preparing communication strategy and cyber insurance. They also discuss classifications and methods to detect cybersecurity incidents, how to organize the incident response team, how to conduct situational awareness, how to contain and eradicate incidents, and how to cleanup and recover. The book shares real-world experiences and knowledge from authors from academia and industry.
Immersive Technology in Smart Cities
This book presents recent trends and enhancements in the convergence of immersive technology and smart cities. The authors discuss various domains such as medical education, construction, brain interface, interactive storytelling, edification, and journalism in relation to combining smart cities, IoT and immersive technologies. The book sets up a medium to promulgate insights and in depth understanding among experts in immersive technologies, IoT, HCI and associated establishments. The book also includes case studies, survey, models, algorithms, frameworks and implementations in storytelling, smart museum, medical education, journalism and more. Various practitioners, academicians and researchers in the domain contribute to the book.
Cybersecurity and Identity Access Management
This textbook provides a comprehensive, thorough and up-to-date treatment of topics in cyber security, cyber-attacks, ethical hacking, and cyber crimes prevention. It discusses the different third-party attacks and hacking processes which a poses a big issue in terms of data damage or theft. The book then highlights the cyber security protection techniques and overall risk assessments to detect and resolve these issues at the beginning stage to minimize data loss or damage. This book is written in a way that it presents the topics in a simplified holistic and pedagogical manner with end-of chapter exercises and examples to cater to undergraduate students, engineers and scientists who will benefit from this approach.
Nonlinear Channel Models and Their Simulations
This comprehensive compendium highlights the research results of nonlinear channel modeling and simulation. Nonlinear channels include nonlinear satellite channels, nonlinear Volterra channels, molecular MIMO channels, etc.This volume involves wavelet theory, neural network, echo state network, machine learning, support vector machine, chaos calculation, principal component analysis, Markov chain model, correlation entropy, fuzzy theory and other theories for nonlinear channel modeling and equalization.The useful reference text enriches the theoretical system of nonlinear channel modeling and improving the means of establishing nonlinear channel model. It is suitable for engineering technicians, researchers and graduate students in information and communication engineering, and control science and engineering, intelligent science and technology.
The Live Event Video Technician
The Live Event Video Technician covers terms, format types, concepts, and technologies used in video production for corporate meetings, concerts, special events, and theatrical productions.The book begins by providing a history of the industry and an overview of important roles and functions therein. It then discusses various display technologies such as LED walls and video projection, as well as video systems for converting and switching of various types of sources. Presenting the cornerstone formats, connectors, and methodologies of visual technology, this book offers a strong foundation to help readers navigate this ever-changing field. Written in an accessible tone, the book clarifies jargon and is an overarching source of knowledge for the role of the video technician, for which there has previously been little formal training.The Live Event Video Technician provides a wealth of practical information for students of media and communications courses, readers with a novice or entry-level understanding of video and AV production, and anyone with an interest in working as technical personnel in live event production.
The Big Book of Drones
The Big Book of Drones covers everything from drone law to laws on privacy. It also discusses the history and evolution of drones to where we are today. Additionally, if you are new to piloting, it covers how to fly a drone including a pre-flight check list.
The Big Book of Drones
The Big Book of Drones covers everything from drone law to laws on privacy. It also discusses the history and evolution of drones to where we are today. Additionally, if you are new to piloting, it covers how to fly a drone including a pre-flight check list.
A Deeper Perspective on the Fundamentals of Digital Communication, Security, and Privacy Protocols
This book, divided into three parts, describes the detailed concepts of Digital Communication, Security, and Privacy protocols.
Information and Communications Technology in Support of Migration
The book provides a holistic review, presenting a multi-stakeholder, multi-disciplinary, international, and evidence-based approach to Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in migration. The book brings together different views and multifaceted responses to ICT-based migration management, examining their overlap, conflict, and synergies. The book is a major addition to the field, tackling important debates concerning humanitarianism and securitization in the reception of migrants, as well as exploring the role of digital technology in aiding migrant integration. The authors explore contentious areas such as the use of new technologies deployed on borders for migration management and border security under the umbrella of smart border solutions including drones, AI algorithms, and face recognition, which are widely criticized for ignoring the fundamental human rights of migrants. The research presented will depart from the euphoric appraisals that technology has made thingseasier for migrants and those who assist them, to critically examine the bane and boon, benefits and afflictions, highlighting the barriers, as well as the solutions, including several under-researched aspects of digital surveillance and the digital divide.This edited volume has been developed by the MIICT project, funded under the EU Horizon 2020 Action and Innovation programme, under grant agreement No 822380. Provides a positive approach to the integration of migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) solutions Offers a strategic approach to providing digital services for migrants at an EU, national and local level Bridges the gap between academia and front-line practitioners' work by providing theoretical, policy, ethical, and methodological recommendations
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks focuses on recent advanced technologies and applications that address network protocol design, low latency networking, context-aware interaction, energy efficiency, resource management, security, human-robot interaction, assistive technology and robots, application development, and integration of multiple systems.
Technology Development for Security Practitioners
This volume is authored by a mix of global contributors from across the landscape of academia, research institutions, police organizations, and experts in security policy and private industry to address some of the most contemporary challenges within the global security domain. The latter includes protection of critical infrastructures (CI), counter-terrorism, application of dark web, and analysis of a large volume of artificial intelligence data, cybercrime, serious and organised crime, border surveillance, and management of disasters and crises. This title explores various application scenarios of advanced ICT in the context of cybercrime, border security and crisis management, serious and organised crime, and protection of critical infrastructures. Readers will benefit from lessons learned from more than 30 large R&D projects within a security context. The book addresses not only theoretical narratives pertinent to the subject but also identifies current challenges and emergingsecurity threats, provides analysis of operational capability gaps, and includes real-world applied solutions. Chapter 11 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO License via link.springer.com and Chapter 16 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com
Fundamentals of Iot Communication Technologies
This textbook explores all of the protocols and technologies essential to IoT communication mechanisms. Geared towards an upper-undergraduate or graduate level class, the book is presented from a perspective of the standard layered architecture with special focus on protocol interaction and functionality. The IoT protocols are presented and classified based on physical, link, network, transport and session/application layer functionality. The author also lets readers understand the impact of the IoT mechanisms on network and device performance with special emphasis on power consumption and computational complexity. Use cases - provided throughout - provide examples of IoT protocol stacks in action. The book is based on the author's popular class "Fundamentals of IoT" at Northeastern University. The book includes examples throughout and slides for classroom use. Also included is a 'hands-on' section where the topics discussed as theoretical content are built as stacks in the context of an IoT network emulator so readers can experiment.
Integrating Iot and AI for Indoor Air Quality Assessment
This book presents Internet of Things (IoT) solutions monitoring and assessing a variety of applications areas for indoor air quality (IAQ). This book synthesizes recent developments, presents case studies, and discusses new methods in the area of air quality monitoring, all the while addressing public health concerns. The authors discuss the issues and solutions, including IoT systems that can provide a continuous flow of data retrieved from cost-effective sensors that can be used in multiple applications.The authors present the leading IoT technologies, applications, algorithms, systems, and future scope in this multi-disciplinary domain.
Smart Global Megacities
This book, the second volume, highlights 7 out of a total of about 36 megacities in the World which by definition have 10 million inhabitants. The cities/chapters presented in this book are based on recent advance such as the wide use of ICT, IOT, e-Governance, e-Democracy, smart economy and flattening and acceleration of the world that is taking place in recent times as reported by 3 times Pulitzer Prize Winner Thomas Friedman. It therefor departs from other ideologies where only a certain megacity qualifies for the title of smart global megacities while in reality every megacity can, and presents how smart global megacities can be created.
Functional Encryption
This book provides awareness of methods used for functional encryption in the academic and professional communities. The book covers functional encryption algorithms and its modern applications in developing secure systems via entity authentication, message authentication, software security, cyber security, hardware security, Internet of Thing (IoT), cloud security, smart card technology, CAPTCHA, digital signature, and digital watermarking. This book is organized into fifteen chapters; topics include foundations of functional encryption, impact of group theory in cryptosystems, elliptic curve cryptography, XTR algorithm, pairing based cryptography, NTRU algorithms, ring units, cocks IBE schemes, Boneh-Franklin IBE, Sakai-Kasahara IBE, hierarchical identity based encryption, attribute based Encryption, extensions of IBE and related primitives, and digital signatures.Explains the latest functional encryption algorithms in a simple way with examples;Includes applications of functional encryption in information security, application security, and network security;Relevant to academics, research scholars, software developers, etc.
Women Securing the Future with Tippss for Connected Healthcare
The second in the Women Securing the Future with TIPPSS series, this book provides insight and expert advice from seventeen women leaders in technology, healthcare and policy to address the challenges of Trust, Identity, Privacy, Protection, Safety and Security (TIPPSS) for connected healthcare, and the growing Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) ecosystem. The ten chapters in this book delve into trust, security and privacy risks in connected healthcare for patients, medical devices, personal and clinical data, healthcare providers and institutions, and provide practical approaches to manage and protect the data, devices, and humans. Cybersecurity, technology and legal experts discuss risks, from data and device hacks to ransomware, and propose approaches to address the challenges including new frameworks for architecting and evaluating medical device and connected hospital cybersecurity. We all need to be aware of the TIPPSS challenges in connected healthcare, and we call upon engineers, device manufacturers, system developers and healthcare providers to ensure trust and manage the risk. Featuring contributions from prominent female experts and role models in technology, cybersecurity, engineering, computer science, data science, business, healthcare, accessibility, research, law, privacy and policy, this book sets the stage to improve security and safety in our increasingly connected world.
Broadband Connectivity in 5g and Beyond
This book discusses the role of optical networks in 3G, 4G, 5G and beyond. The authors discuss the evolution of the technologies, the research involved, and the applications with respect to optical communication systems. In addition, the book provides in-depth knowledge of broadband connectivity for future generation networks. More focus is given towards the front-, mid- and back- hauling of 5G and beyond. The authors present architecture for broadband connectivity and explain its potential in 5G and beyond applications. This book includes several architectures based on Hybrid Fiber-Wireless; Next Generation Passive Optical Networks Stage 1 and 2; millimeter wave over fiber; sub-THz wave over fiber; millimeter/sub-THz wave over multicore fiber; 6G fronthaul; 6G backhaul; GMPLS networks, and massive MIMO sub-Thz antenna. The contributors provide supplementary material such as simulations, analysis and experiments.
Mmwave Massive Mimo Vehicular Communications
1. Millimeter-Wave VehicularCommunications2. Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Vehicular Channel Modeling3. Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Channel Estimation4. Generic Millimeter-Wave Multi-User Transceiver Design5. Millimeter-Wave Index Modulation for Vehicular Uplink Access6. Millimeter-Wave Index Modulation for Vehicular Downlink Transmission
Assessing the Quality of Experience of Cloud Gaming Services
This book provides an overview of concepts and challenges in intis investigated using structural equation modeling. The conveyed understanding of gaming QoE, empirical eraction quality in the domain of cloud gaming services. The author presents a unified evaluation approach by combining quantitative subjective assessment methods in a concise way. The author discusses a measurement tool, Gaming Input Quality Scale (GIPS), that assesses the interaction quality of such a service available. Furthermore, the author discusses a new framework to assess gaming Quality of Experience (QoE) using a crowdsourcing approach. Lastly, based on a large dataset including dominant network and encoding conditions, the evaluation method is investigated using structural equation modeling. The conveyed understanding of gaming QoE, empirical findings, and models presented in this book should be of particular interest to researchers working in the fields of quality and usability engineering, as well as service providers and network operators.
Iot Applications for Healthcare Systems
This book discusses communications technologies used in the field of healthcare, including IoT, soft computing, machine learning, big data, augmented reality, and wearable sensors. The book presents various applications that are helpful for research scholars and scientists who are working toward identifying and pinpointing the potential of this technology. The book also helps researchers and practitioners to understand and analyze the e-healthcare architecture through IoT and the state-of-the-art in IoT countermeasures with real-time challenges. Topics of interest include healthcare systems based on advanced development boards, mobile health parameters recording and monitoring systems, remote health / patient monitoring, hospital operations management, abnormality / disease detection by IoT devices, and efficient drug management. The book is relevant to a range of researchers, academics, and practitioners working on the intersection of IoT and healthcare.
Multi-Pitch Estimation
Periodic signals can be decomposed into sets of sinusoids having frequencies that are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency. The problem of finding such fundamental frequencies from noisy observations is important in many speech and audio applications, where it is commonly referred to as pitch estimation. These applications include analysis, compression, separation, enhancement, automatic transcription and many more. In this book, an introduction to pitch estimation is given and a number of statistical methods for pitch estimation are presented. The basic signal models and associated estimation theoretical bounds are introduced, and the properties of speech and audio signals are discussed and illustrated. The presented methods include both single- and multi-pitch estimators based on statistical approaches, like maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori methods, filtering methods based on both static and optimal adaptive designs, and subspace methods based on the principles of subspace orthogonality and shift-invariance. The application of these methods to analysis of speech and audio signals is demonstrated using both real and synthetic signals, and their performance is assessed under various conditions and their properties discussed. Finally, the estimators are compared in terms of computational and statistical efficiency, generalizability and robustness. Table of Contents: Fundamentals / Statistical Methods / Filtering Methods / Subspace Methods / Amplitude Estimation
Information Theory and Rate Distortion Theory for Communications and Compression
This book is very specifically targeted to problems in communications and compression by providing the fundamental principles and results in information theory and rate distortion theory for these applications and presenting methods that have proved and will prove useful in analyzing and designing real systems. The chapters contain treatments of entropy, mutual information, lossless source coding, channel capacity, and rate distortion theory; however, it is the selection, ordering, and presentation of the topics within these broad categories that is unique to this concise book. While the coverage of some standard topics is shortened or eliminated, the standard, but important, topics of the chain rules for entropy and mutual information, relative entropy, the data processing inequality, and the Markov chain condition receive a full treatment. Similarly, lossless source coding techniques presented include the Lempel-Ziv-Welch coding method. The material on rate Distortion theory and exploring fundamental limits on lossy source coding covers the often-neglected Shannon lower bound and the Shannon backward channel condition, rate distortion theory for sources with memory, and the extremely practical topic of rate distortion functions for composite sources.
Electronically Scanned Arrays
Scanning arrays present the radar or communications engineer with the ultimate in antenna flexibility. They also present a multitude of new opportunities and new challenges that need to be addressed. In order to describe the needs for scanned array development, this book begins with a brief discussion of the history that led to present array antennas. This text is a compact but comprehensive treatment of the scanned array, from the underlying basis for array pattern behavior to the engineering choices leading to successful design. The book describes the scanned array in terms of radiation from apertures and wire antennas and introduces the effects resulting directly from scanning, including beam broadening, impedance mismatch and gain reduction and pattern squint and those effects of array periodicity including grating and quantization lobes and array blindness. The text also presents the engineering tools for improving pattern control and array efficiency including lattice selection, subarrray technology and pattern synthesis. Equations and figurers quantify the phenomena being described and provide the reader with the tools to tradeoff various performance features. The discussions proceed beyond the introductory material and to the state of the art in modern array design. Contents: Basic Principles and Applications of Array Antennas / Element Coupling Effects in Array Antennas / Array Pattern Synthesis / Subarray Techniques for Limited Field of View and Wide Band Applications
A Tutorial on Queuing and Trunking with Applications to Communications
The motivation for developing this synthesis lecture was to provide a tutorial on queuing and trunking, with extensions to networks of queues, suitable for supplementing courses in communications, stochastic processes, and networking. An essential component of this lecture is MATLAB-based demonstrations and exercises, which can be easily modified to enable the student to observe and evaluate the impact of changing parameters, arrival and departure statistics, queuing disciplines, the number of servers, and other important aspects of the underlying system model. Much of the work in this lecture is based on Poisson statistics, since Poisson models are useful due to the fact that Poisson models are analytically tractable and provide a useful approximation for many applications. We recognize that the validity of Poisson statistics is questionable for a number of networking applications and therefore we briefly discuss self-similar models and the Hurst parameter, long-term dependent models, the Pareto distribution, and other related topics. Appropriate references are given for continued study on these topics. The initial chapters of this book consider individual queues in isolation. The systems studied consist of an arrival process, a single queue with a particular queuing discipline, and one or more servers. While this allows us to study the basic concepts of queuing and trunking, modern data networks consist of many queues that interact in complex ways. While many of these interactions defy analysis, the final chapter introduces a model of a network of queues in which, after being served in one queue, customers may join another queue. The key result for this model is known as Jackson's Theorem. Finally, we state the BCMP Theorem, which can be viewed as a further extension of Jackson's Theorem and present Kleinrock's formula, which can be viewed as the network versionof Little's Theorem. Table of Contents: Introduction / Poisson, Erlang, and Pareto Distributions / A Brief Introduction to Queueing Theory / Blocking and Delay / Networks of Queues
Advances in Multi-Channel Resource Allocation
The last decade has seen an unprecedented growth in the demand for wireless services. These services are fueled by applications that often require not only high data rates, but also very low latency to function as desired. However, as wireless networks grow and support increasingly large numbers of users, these control algorithms must also incur only low complexity in order to be implemented in practice. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop wireless control algorithms that can achieve both high throughput and low delay, but with low-complexity operations. While these three performance metrics, i.e., throughput, delay, and complexity, are widely acknowledged as being among the most important for modern wireless networks, existing approaches often have had to sacrifice a subset of them in order to optimize the others, leading to wireless resource allocation algorithms that either suffer poor performance or are difficult to implement. In contrast, the recent results presented inthis book demonstrate that, by cleverly taking advantage of multiple physical or virtual channels, one can develop new low-complexity algorithms that attain both provably high throughput and provably low delay. The book covers both the intra-cell and network-wide settings. In each case, after the pitfalls of existing approaches are examined, new systematic methodologies are provided to develop algorithms that perform provably well in all three dimensions.
The Landscape of Pervasive Computing Standards
This lecture presents a first compendium of established and emerging standards in pervasive computing systems. The lecture explains the role of each of the covered standards and explains the relationship and interplay among them. Hopefully, the lecture will help piece together the various standards into a sensible and clear landscape. The lecture is a digest, reorganization, and a compilation of several short articles that have been published in the "Standards and Emerging Technologies" department of the IEEE Pervasive Computing magazine. The articles have been edited and shortened or expanded to provide the necessary focus and uniform coverage depth. There are more standards and common practices in pervasive systems than the lecture could cover. However, systems perspective and programmability of pervasive spaces, which are the main foci of the lecture, set the scope and determined which standards should be included. The lecture explains what it means to program a pervasive space andintroduces the new requirements brought about by pervasive computing. Among the standards the lecture covers are sensors and device standards, service-oriented device standards, service discovery and delivery standards, service gateway standards, and standards for universal interactions with pervasive spaces. In addition, the emerging sensor platform and domestic robots technologies are covered and their essential new roles explained. The lecture also briefly covers a set of standards that represents an ecosystem for the emerging pervasive healthcare industry. Audiences who may benefit from this lecture include (1) academic and industrial researchers working on sensor-based, pervasive, or ubiquitous computing R&D; (2) system integrator consultants and firms, especially those concerned with integrating sensors, actuators, and devices to their enterprise and business systems; (3) device, smart chips, and sensor manufacturers; (4) government agencies; (5) the healthcare IT and pervasive health industries; and (6) other industries such as logistics, manufacturing, and the emerging smart grid and environment sustainability industries. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Sensor and Device Standards / Service-Oriented Device Architecture (SODA) / Sensor Platforms / Service Discovery and Delivery Standards / The Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi ) / Universal Interactions / Domestic Robots for Smart Space Interactions / Continua: An Interoperable Personal Health Echosystem / References / Author Biography
Analysis and Design of Transmitarray Antennas
In recent years, transmitarray antennas have attracted growing interest with many antenna researchers. Transmitarrays combines both optical and antenna array theory, leading to a low profile design with high gain, high radiation efficiency, and versatile radiation performance for many wireless communication systems. In this book, comprehensive analysis, new methodologies, and novel designs of transmitarray antennas are presented. Detailed analysis for the design of planar space-fed array antennas is presented. The basics of aperture field distribution and the analysis of the array elements are described. The radiation performances (directivity and gain) are discussed using array theory approach, and the impacts of element phase errors are demonstrated. The performance of transmitarray design using multilayer frequency selective surfaces (M-FSS) approach is carefully studied, and the transmission phase limit which are generally independent from the selection ofa specific element shape is revealed. The maximum transmission phase range is determined based on the number of layers, substrate permittivity, and the separations between layers. In order to reduce the transmitarray design complexity and cost, three different methods have been investigated. As a result, one design is performed using quad-layer cross-slot elements with no dielectric material and another using triple-layer spiral dipole elements. Both designs were fabricated and tested at X-Band for deep space communications. Furthermore, the radiation pattern characteristics were studied under different feed polarization conditions and oblique angles of incident field from the feed. New design methodologies are proposed to improve the bandwidth of transmitarray antennas through the control of the transmission phase range of the elements. These design techniques are validated through the fabrication and testing of two quad-layer transmitarray antennas at Ku-band.A single-feed quad-beam transmitarray antenna with 50 degrees elevation separation between the beams is investigated, designed, fabricated, and tested at Ku-band. In summary, various challenges in the analysis and design of transmitarray antennas are addressed in this book. New methodologies to improve the bandwidth of transmitarray antennas have been demonstrated. Several prototypes have been fabricated and tested, demonstrating the desirable features and potential new applications of transmitarray antennas.
Partial Update Least-Square Adaptive Filtering
Adaptive filters play an important role in the fields related to digital signal processing and communication, such as system identification, noise cancellation, channel equalization, and beamforming. In practical applications, the computational complexity of an adaptive filter is an important consideration. The Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm is widely used because of its low computational complexity ($O(N)$) and simplicity in implementation. The least squares algorithms, such as Recursive Least Squares (RLS), Conjugate Gradient (CG), and Euclidean Direction Search (EDS), can converge faster and have lower steady-state mean square error (MSE) than LMS. However, their high computational complexity ($O(N^2)$) makes them unsuitable for many real-time applications. A well-known approach to controlling computational complexity is applying partial update (PU) method to adaptive filters. A partial update method can reduce the adaptive algorithm complexity by updating part of the weight vector instead of the entire vector or by updating part of the time. In the literature, there are only a few analyses of these partial update adaptive filter algorithms. Most analyses are based on partial update LMS and its variants. Only a few papers have addressed partial update RLS and Affine Projection (AP). Therefore, analyses for PU least-squares adaptive filter algorithms are necessary and meaningful. This monograph mostly focuses on the analyses of the partial update least-squares adaptive filter algorithms. Basic partial update methods are applied to adaptive filter algorithms including Least Squares CMA (LSCMA), EDS, and CG. The PU methods are also applied to CMA1-2 and NCMA to compare with the performance of the LSCMA. Mathematical derivation and performance analysis are provided including convergence condition, steady-state mean and mean-square performance for a time-invariant system. The steady-state mean and mean-square performance are also presented for a time-varying system. Computational complexity is calculated for each adaptive filter algorithm. Numerical examples are shown to compare the computational complexity of the PU adaptive filters with the full-update filters. Computer simulation examples, including system identification and channel equalization, are used to demonstrate the mathematical analysis and show the performance of PU adaptive filter algorithms. They also show the convergence performance of PU adaptive filters. The performance is compared between the original adaptive filter algorithms and different partial-update methods. The performance is also compared among similar PU least-squares adaptive filter algorithms, such as PU RLS, PU CG, and PU EDS. In addition to the generic applications of system identification and channel equalization, two special applications of using partial update adaptive filters are also presented. One application uses PU adaptive filters to detect Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) signals in a local GSM system using the Open Base Transceiver Station (OpenBTS) and Asterisk Private Branch Exchange (PBX). The other application uses PU adaptive filters to do image compression in a system combining hyperspectral image compression and classification.
Underwater Communications
Underwater vehicles and underwater moorings are increasing in tactical importance. As such, it is critical to have a robust and secure communication system connecting underwater vehicles on a long seaborne mission and a ground station. As a matter of fact, the deployment of efficient communication links with underwater vehicles is one of the greatest technological challenges presently confronted by the world's naval forces. To circumvent most of the limitations involved in the use of RF or acoustic channels for perfectly secure communications with underwater vehicles, it is worth considering the feasibility of an optical channel to facilitate a two-way satellite communication link secured via perfectly secure ciphers enabled by a quantum key distribution protocol. This book offers a concise review of underwater communications systems. Our approach is pedagogical, making a strong emphasis on the physics behind the attenuating properties of the oceanic environment and the propagation of electromagnetic signals in the ELF, VLF, and optical bands. We assume the reader is familiar with the basic principles of classical electrodynamics and optics. The system design, components, and noise analysis of an underwater optical communications device are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we offer simulations of the performance of the communication system for different types of ocean waters. Our final conclusion is that it appears to be feasible to design and build underwater communications using optical classical and quantum channels secured with quantum key distribution protocols. Table of Contents: Introduction / Electrodynamics of Attenuating Media / Underwater Communication Channels / Underwater Optical Communications: Technology / Underwater Optical Communications: Noise Analysis / Underwater Optical Communications: System Performance / Underwater Quantum Communications / Conclusions PDF (1764 KB) PDF Plus (1444 KB)
Node Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
In sensor network applications, measured data are often meaningful only when the location is accurately known. In this booklet, we study research problems associated with node localization in wireless sensor networks. We describe sensor network localization problems in terms of a detection and estimation framework and we emphasize specifically a cooperative process where sensors with known locations are used to localize nodes at unknown locations. In this class of problems, even if the location of a node is known, the wireless links and transmission modalities between two nodes may be unknown. In this case, sensor nodes are used to detect the location and estimate pertinent data transmission activities between nodes. In addition to the broader problem of sensor localization, this booklet studies also specific localization measurements such as time of arrival (TOA), received signal strength (RSS), and direction of arrival (DOA). The sequential localization algorithm, which uses a subsetof sensor nodes to estimate nearby sensor nodes' locations is discussed in detail. Extensive bibliography is given for those readers who want to delve further into specific topics.
Advances in Industrial Internet of Things, Engineering and Management
This book presents the trends, challenges, and advances in Internet of Things (IoT) in the areas of industrial management and industrial engineering. The authors look at how smart environments (smart city, smart university, smart regions, smart transportation, etc.) affect the way industrial management and industrial engineering are envisioned, planned, and applied and how engineers must incorporate new ideas and methods now and in the future. Some topics include the impact of ICT on the emergency response vehicle driving time, car accident detecting systems based on machine learning algorithms, smart city platforms based on citizen reporting services, and IoT-based household energy consumption prediction using machine learning. The book brings together contributions from academics and practitioners from around the world to discuss the intersection of IoT, industry and management.
Restless Multi-Armed Bandit in Opportunistic Scheduling
This book provides foundations for the understanding and design of computation-efficient algorithms and protocols for those interactions with environment, i.e., wireless communication systems. The book provides a systematic treatment of the theoretical foundation and algorithmic tools necessarily in the design of computation-efficient algorithms and protocols in stochastic scheduling. The problems addressed in the book are of both fundamental and practical importance. Target readers of the book are researchers and advanced-level engineering students interested in acquiring in-depth knowledge on the topic and on stochastic scheduling and their applications, both from theoretical and engineering perspective.
Artificial Intelligence Perspective for Smart Cities
The concept of "smart city" is used widely in general however, it is hard to explain because of the complexity and multidimensionality of this notion. In this context, we aim to contribute literature with a value-added approach where different AI applications of smart cities are discussed from different perspective.
Artificial Intelligence Perspective for Smart Cities
The concept of "smart city" is used widely in general however, it is hard to explain because of the complexity and multidimensionality of this notion. In this context, we aim to contribute literature with a value-added approach where different AI applications of smart cities are discussed from different perspective.
Blockchain Systems and Communication Networks: From Concepts to Implementation
This book provides extensive insights on blockchain systems, starting from a historical perspective and moving towards building foundational knowledge, with focus on communication networks. It covers blockchain applications, algorithms, architectures, design and implementation, and security and privacy issues, providing the reader with a comprehensive overview. Further, it discusses blockchain systems and its integration to communication networks. The book includes hands-on, practical tutorials, self-assessment exercises, and review questions; tips and sample programs are also provided throughout. Complementary supporting material for instructors, including open source programming code for practical tutorials and exercises, is also available. The target audience includes graduate students, professionals, and researchers working in the areas of blockchain systems, distributed ledger technology, computer networks and communications, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity.
Is the Telecommunications Act of 1996 Broken?
This volume considers whether the first major overhaul of US communications policy in more than 60 years is accomplishing its purposes.
Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces (Irs) for Prospective 6g Wireless Networks
Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces (IRS) for Prospective 6G Wireless Networks Authoritative resource covering preliminary concepts and advanced concerns in the field of IRS and its role in 6G wireless systems Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces (IRS) for Prospective 6G Wireless Networks provides an in-depth treatment of the fundamental physics behind reconfigurable metasurfaces, also known as intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), and outlines the research roadmap towards their development as a low-complexity and energy-efficient solution aimed at turning the wireless environment into a software-defined entity. The text demonstrates IRS from different angles, including the underlying physics, hardware architecture, operating principles, and prototype designs. It enables readers to grasp the knowledge of the interplay of IRS and state-of-the-art technologies, examining the advantages, key principles, challenges, and potential use-cases. Practically, it equips readers with the fundamental knowledge of the operational principles of reconfigurable metasurfaces, resulting in its potential applications in various intelligent, autonomous future wireless communication technologies. To aid in reader comprehension, around 50 figures, tables, illustrations, and photographs to comprehensively present the material are also included. Edited by a team of highly qualified professionals in the field, sample topics covered are as follows: Evolution of antenna arrays design, introducing the fundamental principles of antenna theory and reviewing the stages of development of the field; Beamforming design for IRS-assisted communications, discussing optimal IRS configuration in conjunction with overviewing novel beamforming designs; Reconfigurable metasurfaces from physics to applications, discussing the working principles of tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces and their capabilities and functionalities; IRS hardware architectures, detailing the general hardware architecture of IRS and features related to the IRS's main operational principle; Wireless communication systems assisted by IRS, discussing channel characterization, system integration, and aspects related to the performance analysis and network optimization of state-of-the-art wireless applications. For students and engineers in wireless communications, microwave engineering, and radio hardware and design, Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces (IRS) for Prospective 6G Wireless Networks serves as an invaluable resource on the subject and is a useful course accompaniment for general Antenna Theory, Microwave Engineering, Electromagnetics courses.
Joint Communications and Sensing
JOINT COMMUNICATIONS AND SENSING Authoritative resource systematically introducing JCAS technologies and providing valuable information and knowledge to researchers and engineers Based on over six years of dedicated research on joint communications and sensing (JCAS) by the authors, their collaborators, and students, Joint Communications and Sensing is the first book to comprehensively cover the subject of JCAS, which is expected to deliver huge cost and energy savings, and therefore has become a hallmark of future 6G and next generation radar technologies. The book has three parts. Part I presents the basic JCAS concepts and applications and the basic signal processing algorithms to support JCAS. Part II covers communications-centric JCAS designs that describe how sensing can be integrated into communications networks such as 5G and 6G. Part III presents ways to integrate communications in various radar sensing technologies and platforms. Specific sample topics covered in Joint Communications and Sensing include: Three categories of JCAS systems, potential sensing applications of JCAS, signal processing fundamentals, and channel models for communications and radar Frameworks for perceptive mobile networks (PMNs), system modifications to enable PMN sensing, and PMN system issues Orthogonal time-frequency space waveform-based JCAS for IoT, including signal models, echo pre-processing, and target parameter estimation Joint Communications and Sensing provides valuable information and knowledge to researchers and engineers in the communications and radar sensing communities and industries, enabling them to upskill and prepare for JCAS technology research and development. The text is of particular interest to engineers in the wireless communications industry who are pursuing new capabilities in 6G.
6g Frontiers
6G Frontiers Enables readers to understand the exciting new technologies, architectural directions, technical aspects, and applications of 6G, plus legal and standardization approaches 6G Frontiers offers intelligent insight into the ongoing research trends, use cases, and key developmental technologies powering the upcoming 6G framework. The authors cover a myriad of important topics that intersect with 6G, such as hyper-intelligent networking, security, privacy, and trust, harmonized mobile networks, legal views, and standards initiatives. The work also explores the more extreme and controversial predictions surrounding 6G, such as hyper-connected smart cities, space tourism, and deep-sea tourism. Sample thought-provoking topics covered in the comprehensive work include: Evolution of mobile networks, from 0G to 6G, including the driving trends, requirements, and key enabling technologies of each generation Logistics of 6G networks, which are expected to offer peak data rates over 1 Tbps, imperceptible end-to-end delays (beneath 0.1 ms), and network availability and reliability rates beyond 99.99999% New technology requirements for 6G, such as Further enhanced Mobile Broadband (FeMBB), ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (umMTC), Mobile BroadBand and Low-Latency (MBBLL), and massive Low-Latency Machine Type communication (mLLMT) Potential architectural directions of 6G, including zero-touch network and service management, intent-based networking, edge AI, intelligent network softwarization, and radio access networks A complete and modern resource for understanding the potential development, logistics, and implications of 6G networks, 6G Frontiers is a must-read reference for researchers, academics, and technology architects who wish to understand the cutting-edge progress that is being made towards better and faster wireless mobile technology.
World of 5g, the - Volume 5: Intelligent Medicine
5th Generation (5G) technology has been regarded as a critically important supporting technology for industrial evolution. This book begins by tracing the development of 5G mobile communication, including the characteristics and limitations of different editions.It then covers the technical characteristics of 5G and its possible potential applications in every aspect of our lives, as well as projections of lives after 5G.Further to the technical introduction, the authors also look into the social domination of 5G technology and its implications.
World of 5g, the - Volume 2: Intelligent Manufacturing
5th Generation (5G) technology has been regarded as a critically important supporting technology for industrial evolution. This book begins by tracing the development of 5G mobile communication, including the characteristics and limitations of different editions.It then covers the technical characteristics of 5G and its possible potential applications in every aspect of our lives, as well as projections of lives after 5G.Further to the technical introduction, the authors also look into the social domination of 5G technology and its implications.
