Compendio Da Grammatica Arabica Abbreviado
This concise guide to Arabic grammar is an essential resource for anyone looking to master the language. With clear explanations and easy-to-follow examples, Compendio da Grammatica Arabica provides a solid foundation in the structure and syntax of Arabic. Whether you're a beginner or a more advanced learner, this book is sure to help you achieve your language goals.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Avesta Grammar In Comparison With Sanskrit
This book is a comprehensive guide to the grammar of the Avestan language, the language of the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism. The book compares Avesta with Sanskrit, another ancient Indo-European language and provides an introduction to the history, literature, and religion of the Avesta. The book is an essential resource for scholars and students interested in the comparative study of Indo-European languages and the history and culture of ancient Iran.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Primary Sources, Historical Collections
This is a comprehensive guide to the grammar of ancient Persian. It includes primary sources and historical collections to help readers understand the language in its cultural and historical context.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Grammar of Arabic
A Grammar of Arabic models a new framework for studying varieties of Arabic comparatively, highlighting the patterns of variation and consistency, and showing how different styles, from primarily spoken and casual to primarily written and formal, are linguistically interrelated.This non-traditional reference grammar is structured around patterns of usage rather than prescriptive rules, aligning function with form and taking advantage of general principles of language. Using data from Classical Arabic, Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and dialects spoken in Morocco, Egypt, Sudan, the Levant, Iraq, and the Arabian Gulf, this grammar examines the actual usage of these language varieties, broadening understanding of Arabic dialects from a linguistics perspective while also giving readers the ability to engage language diversity.Designed for instructors, researchers, and advanced students of Arabic, A Grammar of Arabic explores Arabic from an internally comparative perspective that will also be valuable to theoretical linguists.
Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects of Kanashi
Kanashi, a Sino-Tibetan (ST) language belonging to the West Himalayish (WH) subbranch of this language family, is spoken in one single village (Malana in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh state, India), which is surrounded by villages where - entirely unrelated - Indo-Aryan (IA) languages are spoken. Until we started working on Kanashi, very little linguistic material was available. Researchers have long speculated about the prehistory of Kanashi: how did it happen that it ended up spoken in one single village, completely cut off from its closest linguistic relatives? Even though suggestions have been made of a close genealogical relation between Kanashi and Kinnauri (another WH language), at present separated by over 200 km of rugged mountainous terrain, their shared linguistic features have not been discussed in the literature. Based on primary fieldwork, this volume presents some synchronic and diachronic aspects of Kanashi. The synchronic description of Kanashi includes a general introduction on Malana and the Kanashi language community (chapter 1), linguistic descriptions of its sound system (chapter 2), of phonological variation in Kanashi (chapter 4), of its grammar (chapter 3) and of its intriguing numeral systems (chapter 5), as well as basic vocabulary lists (Kanashi-English, English-Kanashi) (chapter 9). As for the diachronic and genealogical aspects (chapters 6-8), we compare and contrast Kanashi with other ST languages of this region (in particular languages of Kinnaur, notably Kinnauri), thereby uncovering some intriguing linguistic features common to Kanashi and Kinnauri which provide insights into their common history. For instance: a subset of borrowed IA nouns and adjectives in both languages end in -(a)ŋ or -(a)s, elements which do not otherwise appear in Kanashi or Kinnauri, nor in the IA donor languages (chapter 6); and both languages have a valency changing mechanism where the valency increasing marker -jaː alternates with the intransitive marker -e(d) in borrowed IA verbs (again: elements without an obvious provenance in the donor or recipient language) (chapter 7). These features are neither found in IA languages nor in the WH languages geographically closest to Kanashi (Pattani, Bunan, Tinani), but only in Kinnauri, which is spoken further away. Intriguingly, traces of some of these features are also found in some ST languages belonging to different ST subgroups (both WH and non-WH), spoken in Uttarakhand in India and in western Nepal (e.g. Rongpo, Chaudangsi, Raji and Raute). This raises fundamental questions regarding genealogical classification, language contact and prehistory of the WH group of languages and of this part of the Indian Himalayas, which are also discussed in the volume (chapter 8).
Learn Hindi for Beginners - Basic Hindi Simplified for You
Dive into the vibrant world of Hindi with our beginner-friendly guide! ����✨ Are you eager to learn Hindi but not sure where to kick things off? Look no further! Our book, "Learn Hindi for Beginners," is your ultimate roadmap to mastering the language with ease and confidence.Packed with engaging lessons, this book guides you seamlessly through Hindi grammar essentials, pronunciation nuances, rich vocabulary, and essential sentence structures. Whether you're a student ����, a wanderlust traveler ✈️, or simply intrigued by India's language and culture ��������, this is your golden ticket to diving deep!Don't just dream it, do it! Embark on a thrilling odyssey into the heart of Hindi language and culture today with "Learn Hindi for Beginners."���� Here's a sneak peek into the chapters we'll explore: Chapter 1: Introduction to Hindi LanguageChapter 2: Alphabet and PronunciationChapter 3: Greetings and Basic ConversationChapter 4: Numbers and CountingChapter 5: Grammar BasicsChapter 6: Adjectives and AdverbsChapter 7: Verbs and TensesChapter 8: Nouns and ArticlesChapter 9: Questions and NegationChapter 10: Idioms and ExpressionsChapter 11: Writing SystemChapter 12: Honorfics in HindiChapter 13: Slang and ColloquialismsChapter 14: Hindi VocabularyAnimals vocabularyFamily vocabularyTime vocabularyColors vocabularyShapes vocabularyWeather vocabularyTransportation vocabularyFood vocabularyFruits vocabularyVegetables vocabularyEmotions vocabulary
Colloquial Persian
Colloquial Persian: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed to provide a step-by-step course to Persian as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical, and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Persian in a broad range of situations.Each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points across different key topics for communicating in Persian. This fourth edition offers thoroughly updated and expanded cultural notes, refined language points offering greater clarity and understanding of the most difficult points, a clearer introduction to the Persian script, and new audio material. Balanced, comprehensive, and rewarding, Colloquial Persian is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Persian. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include: - A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills.- Jargon-free, succinct, and clearly structured explanations of grammar.- An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises.- Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations.- Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in Iran.- An overview of the sounds of Persian.Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. The audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.
Basic Emirati Arabic
Basic Emirati Arabic: A Grammar and Workbook is an elementary-level grammar book of the variety of Gulf Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates.In this book, a series of compact units provide brief and concise descriptions of the fundamental grammatical structures, accompanied by examples drawn from Emirati native language speakers and several exercises assessing the learner's understanding and mastery of the grammatical structure discussed. A key to these exercises is also provided so that learners can self-assess their progress and obtain immediate feedback.This book is intended for beginner learners who would like to engage with this variety of Arabic and learn its basic grammatical structure through practice. It is additionally a valuable tool for language teachers of Emirati and Gulf Arabic as well as learners of Modern Standard Arabic who would like access to a basic reference of the dialect.
The Case System of Eastern Indo-Aryan Languages
This book presents a typological overview of the case system of Eastern Indo-Aryan (EIA) languages. It utilizes a cognitive framework to analyse and compare the case markers of seven EIA languages: Angika, Asamiya, Bhojpuri, Bangla, Magahi, Maithili and Odia. The book introduces semantic maps, which have hitherto not been used for Indian languages, to plot the scope of different case markers and facilitate cross-linguistic comparison of these languages. It also offers a detailed questionnaire specially designed for fieldwork and data collection which will be extremely useful to researchers involved in the study of case.A unique look into the linguistic traditions of South Asia, the book will be indispensable to academicians, researchers, and students of language studies, linguistics, literature, cognitive science, psychology, language technologies and South Asian studies. It will also be useful for linguists, typologists, grammarians and those interested in the study of Indian languages.
Compendio Da Grammatica Arabica Abbreviado
This concise guide to Arabic grammar is an essential resource for anyone looking to master the language. With clear explanations and easy-to-follow examples, Compendio da Grammatica Arabica provides a solid foundation in the structure and syntax of Arabic. Whether you're a beginner or a more advanced learner, this book is sure to help you achieve your language goals.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Dialogues In Telugu And English
A guide to the Telugu language, with dialogues presented in both Telugu and English and grammatical analysis by Charles Philip Brown.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Brevis Linguae Arabicae Grammatica, Litteratura, Chrestomathia Cum Glossario
Learn the essentials of Arabic grammar with this concise guide by Julius Heinrich Petermann. This book includes a grammar overview, literary selections for study, and a glossary for easy reference, making it an ideal resource for students and scholars alike. Whether you are learning Arabic for personal or professional reasons, this book is an invaluable tool in your language studies.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Primary Sources, Historical Collections
Designed to teach the rudiments of the Persian language in a practical way. It is systematically arranged for the use of those who have no previous knowledge of the language, but it is sufficiently comprehensive to serve also as a work of reference for scholars. It is especially a self-instructor for those who cannot take lessons with a teacher.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Primary Sources, Historical Collections
Written by Sorabshaw Byramji Doctor, this comprehensive guide to Persian grammar is an essential resource for anyone interested in learning this rich and complex language. With a foreword by T.S. Wentworth, this book includes detailed explanations of grammar rules, as well as exercises to help readers practice their skills. Whether you're a seasoned linguist or simply interested in Persian culture, this book is an invaluable reference.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Oriya Grammar For English Students
Learn the grammar of the Oriya language with ease with this comprehensive guide. Written specifically for English students, it provides a clear and concise overview of the language, making it perfect for students of all levels.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Primary Sources, Historical Collections
This is a comprehensive guide to the grammar of ancient Persian. It includes primary sources and historical collections to help readers understand the language in its cultural and historical context.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Panj獺b穩 Grammar
A comprehensive guide to the Punjabi language, this book is an invaluable resource for anyone learning or studying Punjabi. Written by E. P. Newton, a noted scholar of Indian languages, this book covers everything from basic grammar and vocabulary to more advanced topics such as idiomatic expressions and dialects. Whether you're a student or a casual learner, this book is sure to deepen your understanding and appreciation of the Punjabi language and culture.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
![Kurzgefasste Arabische Sprachlehre Zur Schnellen Erlernung Der Vulg瓣r-arabischen Sprache, Wie Dieselbe In Ganz Egypten Und Am Rothen Meere Gesprochen Wird, Nebst W繹rterbuch [&c.]](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/english/images/product/2263/9781021582263.webp "Kurzgefasste Arabische Sprachlehre Zur Schnellen Erlernung Der Vulg瓣r-arabischen Sprache, Wie Dieselbe In Ganz Egypten Und Am Rothen Meere Gesprochen Wird, Nebst W繹rterbuch [&c.]")
Kurzgefasste Arabische Sprachlehre Zur Schnellen Erlernung Der Vulg瓣r-arabischen Sprache, Wie Dieselbe In Ganz Egypten Und Am Rothen Meere Gesprochen Wird, Nebst W繹rterbuch [&c.]
Designed to help readers quickly learn the Arabic language as it is spoken in Egypt and along the Red Sea, Julius Leopold W. Winckler's language guide is an essential resource for anyone interested in mastering this complex language. With a comprehensive dictionary and easy-to-follow grammar guide, this book is ideal for students, scholars, and travelers alike.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Seven Grammars of the Dialects and Subdialects of the Bih獺r穩 Language, Spoken in the Province of Bih獺r, in the Eastern Portion of the North-western Provinces, and in the Northern Portion of the Centra
This volume collects seven grammars of the dialects and subdialects of the Bih獺ri language, which is spoken in the provinces of Bih獺r and others. The grammars are written by various authors, and each is accompanied by a detailed introduction and linguistic analysis. The volume is an excellent resource for anyone interested in the languages and cultures of South Asia.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Egyptian Self-taught (Arabic) With English Phonetic Pronunciation
In this groundbreaking language guide, Karl Albert Thimm provides a complete course in Egyptian Arabic for English speakers. Using a unique system of phonetic transcription, Thimm introduces the basics of Egyptian Arabic grammar and vocabulary, as well as common phrases and idioms for everyday conversation. With its clear and concise explanations, helpful illustrations, and engaging exercises, this book is an essential resource for anyone seeking to learn Arabic.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Sanskrit Reader
This classic text provides an introduction to the Sanskrit language, with a focus on grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. With exercises, quizzes, and detailed explanations of grammatical concepts, this book is a must-have for anyone interested in learning Sanskrit or the culture of ancient India.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Manual of Colloquial Hindustani and Bengali in the Roman Character
English-arabic Vocabulary And Dialogues For The Use Of The Army And Navy
Chocolate Me!
Written by Sorabshaw Byramji Doctor, this comprehensive guide to Persian grammar is an essential resource for anyone interested in learning this rich and complex language. With a foreword by T.S. Wentworth, this book includes detailed explanations of grammar rules, as well as exercises to help readers practice their skills. Whether you're a seasoned linguist or simply interested in Persian culture, this book is an invaluable reference.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An English-Arabic Vocabulary for the Use of Students of the Colloquial
A Grammar of the L繳sh獺i Language
This comprehensive guide to the L繳sh獺i language is an essential resource for anyone seeking to learn this fascinating language. Shaha's book features illustrative examples and translations of popular L繳sh獺i songs, as well as translations of classic fables.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
First Lessons in English and Tamul
Originally published in the late 19th century, this unique language textbook offers a window into the world of Tamil speakers in colonial India. Part 1 includes basic English grammar and vocabulary, presented in a way that is tailored to the needs of a Tamil-speaking audience.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Avesta Grammar In Comparison With Sanskrit
This book is a comprehensive guide to the grammar of the Avestan language, the language of the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism. The book compares Avesta with Sanskrit, another ancient Indo-European language and provides an introduction to the history, literature, and religion of the Avesta. The book is an essential resource for scholars and students interested in the comparative study of Indo-European languages and the history and culture of ancient Iran.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Pr獺krita-prak獺sa; or, The Pr獺krit Grammar. With the Commentary (Manoram獺) of Bh獺maha. The First Complete Ed. of the Original Text, With Various Readings From a Collation of Six Mss. in the Bodleia
The Pr獺krita-Prak獺sa or the Pr獺krit Grammar with the Commentary Manoram獺 of Bh獺maha is a critical edition of the Pr獺krita-Prak獺sa, a Sanskrit grammar text, edited by Edward B. Cowell and Wara Ruci. This edition is based on a careful collation of six manuscripts held in the Bodleian Library at Oxford and the Royal Asiatic Society in London. The book includes the complete text of the Pr獺krita-Prak獺sa, as well as detailed annotations and textual notes.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Grammar of the Arabic Language
Forbes provides a clear, concise guide to the Arabic language that is ideal for students preparing for the East India Civil Service or for anyone who wants to improve their understanding of this important language. The book covers all aspects of Arabic grammar and syntax, and includes numerous exercises and examples to help reinforce learning.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Panj獺b穩 Grammar
A comprehensive guide to the Punjabi language, this book is an invaluable resource for anyone learning or studying Punjabi. Written by E. P. Newton, a noted scholar of Indian languages, this book covers everything from basic grammar and vocabulary to more advanced topics such as idiomatic expressions and dialects. Whether you're a student or a casual learner, this book is sure to deepen your understanding and appreciation of the Punjabi language and culture.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Sanskrit Reader
This classic text provides an introduction to the Sanskrit language, with a focus on grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. With exercises, quizzes, and detailed explanations of grammatical concepts, this book is a must-have for anyone interested in learning Sanskrit or the culture of ancient India.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Writing for the Mass Media
This practical guide to colloquial Hindustani and Bengali is designed for students and travelers who want to learn the basics of these languages quickly and easily. Featuring clear explanations, helpful examples, and engaging exercises, it is an essential tool for anyone looking to communicate effectively in South Asia.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Arabic Genre Pedagogy
Arabic Genre Pedagogy: Teaching, Learning, and Assessing in Context views Modern Standard Arabic and all spoken varieties of Arabic as one system and offers genre-based instructional resources grounded in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and genre theory. Divided into three parts, this book explores the Theoretical and Instructional Framework, Spoken Genres, and Written Genres with chapters focusing on everyday social genres including exchanging information, chit-chat, and complaints. This book is aligned with the ACTFL framework and the instructional goals for each genre are articulated in terms of the ACTFL Can-Do Statements. Designed to support instructors of Arabic novice-intermediate learners, the chapters offer step-by-step lessons with practical classroom activities on how to make the language related to each genre explicit to students. Arabic Genre Pedagogy serves as a valuable guide and professional development resource for instructors of Arabic as a world language and for researchers of SFL-informed genre-based approach.
Burmese Stories for Language Learners
Learn about Myanmar while improving your language skills! Aimed at beginning to intermediate language learners, this book introduces 25 stories from Myanmar in parallel Burmese and English versions presented on facing pages. It can be used as a reader in Burmese language courses or by anyone who simply wishes to enjoy stories from Myanmar, both modern and traditional, and develop a deeper understanding of Burmese language and culture. This elegantly illustrated volume is designed to help language learners expand their vocabulary as well as their listening and reading comprehension. The stories gradually increase in length and complexity as the reader's language skills improve. The charming stories in the book include: "Yangon Diary" Aung Kyaw recounts a typical day in the bustling capital city of Yangon, including having breakfast in a teashop and battling the constant traffic jams. This chapter teaches key basic language for talking about our everyday lives."The Water Festival" Zin Moe describes the New Year's celebration of Thingyan, when people throw water at each other and the whole country turns into one big water fight!"The Sound of the Harp" A traditional and tragic love story set in the ancient temple city of Bagan, which was the country's capital from the ninth to the thirteenth centuries. When a princess falls in love with a common harp player, the King is furious and barricades them in a cave to die. But to this day the sound of the harp can still be heard there on the night of a full moon.Free audio recordings of the stories are available online to help students improve their pronunciation and comprehension skills. Cultural notes and discussion questions reinforce an understanding of the stories, and bolster language skills. An overview of the Burmese script is also provided.
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology - من كنوز الصرف
Arabic Morphology (Sarf) is a branch of Arabic grammar dealing with word forms and patterns. It is highly essential for the student of Arabic to learn this science in order to be proficient in the language. Acquiring an understanding of word patterns is of prime importance in learning the language. This is a comprehensive book dealing with all the important aspects of the subject. If a student studies this book thoroughly he will develop a very good foundation of this science and it would absolve him of the need to study any further books on the subject. Included also is a collection of rules of word changes which affect many Arabic verbs and nouns. The rules have been clearly explained with examples and a step by step method as to how a word is changed from its original form to its present one. A beneficial book for the student of Arabic grammar and morphology, which will simplify the path to understanding the intricacies of the language.
Miftah ul Quran (Part 1)
Miftah ul Quran is a beginner's book in understanding the Arabic Qur'an without learning grammar. The reader will benefit significantly due to its systematic approach and hence it is taught in numerous academic institutes across the world.
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology - من كنوز الصرف
Arabic Morphology (Sarf) is a branch of Arabic grammar dealing with word forms and patterns. It is highly essential for the student of Arabic to learn this science in order to be proficient in the language. Acquiring an understanding of word patterns is of prime importance in learning the language.This is a comprehensive book dealing with all the important aspects of the subject. If a student studies this book thoroughly he will develop a very good foundation of this science and it would absolve him of the need to study any further books on the subject.Included also is a collection of rules of word changes which affect many Arabic verbs and nouns. The rules have been clearly explained with examples and a step by step method as to how a word is changed from its original form to its present one.A beneficial book for the student of Arabic grammar and morphology, which will simplify the path to understanding the intricacies of the language.
Instructed Second Language Acquisition of Arabic
Instructed Second Language Acquisition of Arabic examines the acquisition of agreement asymmetries in the grammatical system of Arabic as a second/foreign language through the lens of instructed second language acquisition. The book explores how to improve the processes of L2 learning of Arabic using evidence-based classroom research. Before it does this, it characterizes the variable challenges that English L2 learners of Arabic face when they acquire four structural cases in Arabic grammar that entail agreement asymmetries. Using the pretest-posttest design, it examines the effects of four classroom interventions using quantitative and qualitative measures. In these interventions, form-based and meaning-based measures were used to reveal to what degree learners have developed explicit and implicit knowledge of these aspects of asymmetry. In the concluding chapter, the book provides focused and specific implications based on the results of the four studies. It provides theoretical implications that enrich the discussions of instructed second language Acquisition in Arabic and other languages more broadly. It also provides implications for teachers, curriculum designers, and textbook writers of Arabic. This book will be informative for Arabic applied linguists, researchers of Arabic SLA, Arabic instructors (at the K-12 and the college level), and Arabic program directors and coordinators. The book will also appeal to all SLA and ISLA researchers.
Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy - Lebanese Dialect - PART 3
THIS BOOK DOESN'T CONTAIN ANY WORDS IN THE ARABIC ALPHABET! ALL ARABIC WORDS, IN BOTH THE KINDLE AND PAPERBACK VERSION OF THIS BOOK, WERE WRITTEN IN "THE FRANCO ARABIC" ENGLISH-TRANSLITERATION!Do you want to learn how to speak the Lebanese Arabic dialect but think you don't have the time?Then this series of language books is for you. What you can hold in your hands is the culmination of the author's personal learnings discovered while traveling. He has now found a way to teach this to others, so take advantage of this teaching tool that has been split over three parts.Conversational Arabic Quick and Easy: Lebanese Dialect - Part 3 is the third book and it supplements Parts 1 and 2. In Part 1, you learn 350 essential keywords. In Part 2, you supplement the core list of words with sentences that were designed to help you learn fast and with a unique method. Part 3 is what you now hold in your hands, and it is the culmination of one of the most advanced and revolutionary methods ever designed for quickly becoming conversational in a language.In combination, these three books, with their unique teaching and format, will help you master the language to even greater proficiency and quicker than with other courses.If your previous attempts at learning Lebanese dialect have seemed slow and never-ending, then what you need is this entirely new method. The combination of core words and sentences will have you speaking Lebanese Arabic in no time.This method is flawless and has proven itself over and over again. It has worked for the author and thousands of others. It surpasses any other language-learning method system on the market today.This third book includes such issues as language to use in an office, daily activities like going to the bank and school, common themes such as finances, and essential practices like sports. It will help you to engage with more people who speak the language you are learning.If you're determined to perfect your Lebanese Arabic, then start today, not tomorrow!
Learn vietnamese - 150 words with pronunciations - Beginner
Learn vietnamese - 150 words with pronunciations - BeginnerPicture book for bilingual kids
Analysing English-Arabic Machine Translation
Machine Translation (MT) has become widely used throughout the world as a medium of communication between those who live in different countries and speak different languages. However, translation between distant languages constitutes a challenge for machines.
Kashmiri Gitasara
The traditional number of verses of the Gita is defined by the teacher Sankara (788-820 CE) as being 700. However, a number of 745 verses results from the Gitamana, an inserted stanza that gives the number of verses spoken by each speaker in the Gita. The Gitamana is found mostly in Kashmirian versions of the Mahabharata, inserted directly after the Bhagavadgita, and is not found in Bengali and southern recensions. The Gitamana is placed just before the 51 verses of the Gitasara, which is the summary of the Gita. Adding the Gitasara to the Bhagavadgita extends the Bhagavadgita, and can be made to comply with the specifications given in the Gitamana. Perhaps this is the first translation into English of the Gitasara, reveals thoughts not found in the Gita and worth meditating on, even the passages that are difficult.
Svabhavikasutra
The first 51 pages of this Volume II of the "Svabhavikasutra: The Roots of the Bhagavadgita extends and substantiates the introduction given in Part Two of Volume I: "Comments on the Svabhavikasutra." "Dating the Bhagavadgita" reviews the date of Buddha's death, the chronology of the Upanisads, layered structures in the Bhagavadgita, and the dating of the Mahabharata. "A Review of the Search for Its Original" examines the critical editions of the Mahabharata and the Bhagavadgita, the Ur-Bhagavadgitas by von Humboldt, Garbe and Otto, Jacobi and Oldenberg, Sinha, and Jezic; the three authors and layers defined by Khair and Malinar; the extended Bhagavadgita by Bhattacharjya; and the source text of the Bhagavadgita, the Svabhavikasutra, found by Saswitha. "The Class-Caste System with Its Genetic Evidence" discusses and shows that the caste system in India was introduced in the last centuries BCE. It is suggested that it was promoted by the brahmins for political rather than spiritual reasons. In Vedic times admixture was the norm, where one chose one's own partner, as is confirmed by recently found genomic data. An overall generation length for the Indian people has been derived from long-term population growth, historic data, and data from genomic studies. Applying this length also confirms the brahmanization of northern India 70 generations ago, and the late first occurrence of a large, four-armed sculpture of Krishna among the bas-reliefs of Badami (c. 500-800 CE). There is no reference either to a class-caste system or to a theistic devotion to Krishna in the Svabhavikasutra. Pages 52-175 give a detailed grammatical commentary with a vocabulary to explain the choices made for the translation into Sanskrit of the Svabhavikasutra, together with the Dutch and English versions.
