Persian translation of English rhythmic poems
Poetry translation has always been a problem during centuries. The common belief is that it is impossible to transfer the poem exactly the way it is in the source text. This book addresses the Persian translation of rhythmic poetries in cyberspace and printed books. There are different varieties of translations of poems, that some of them are printed and some of them are not. The ones that are printed and are available in hard copies are very limited since it is considered as a difficult task to translate the poems. On the other hand, the ones that are not printed are very wide, and they are published on the internet, but they do not receive the attention that is needed since it is believed that they are not valid enough. This belief has appeared for many different reasons. Therefore, it is worthy to see if it is actually true and to see if they are as unsuccessful as it is believed. This book is helpful for students and poets who are interested in poetry translation and getting familiar with the poetries in other languages.
Autobiographical narratives
I present this material as another means of studying teacher training in the scientific context, using qualitative/interpretative data analysis as a source to identify the most varied aspects of mother tongue teachers' identities through autobiographical narratives, emphasising grammar teaching, literature teaching, ICT applied to teaching and contemporary pedagogical trends.
Language and Interaction
The imbrications between language activities and educational processes are, to a large extent, essential configurations for the studies presented in this book. In the first part, the book deals with a theoretical survey, the configuration of which underpins the dialogical-interactive perspective of language so that, in the second part of the book, it provides a referential basis for a comparative study between pedagogical proposals and mediated assessment. The work's theoretical characterisation is made up of relevant studies in the field, whose approaches are based on Bakhtinian work [Bakhtin, Volochinov and the Circle], according to a dialogical perspective of language and its use (activity), based on verbal interaction, which is responsible for mediating between the subject and the world. Happy reading.
Introducing Second Language Assessment
Focusing on the key concepts and principles of second language assessment, this textbook offers an up-to-date, accessible, and transparent introduction to the topic. It explores how to select, create, score, and analyze language assessments within various sociopolitical, cultural, and educational contexts.
Verbal Medicines
Religious texts played a central role in Early English, and this innovative book looks in particular at how medieval Christians used prayers and psalms in healing the sick. At first glance, the variety and multiplicity of utterances, prayers, exorcistic formulas, and other incantations found in a single charm may seem to be random and eclectic. However, this book shows that charms had distinct, logical linguistic characteristics, as well performative aspects that were shaped by their usage and cultural significance. Together, these qualities gave the texts a unique role in the early development of English, in particular its use in ritual and folklore. Arnovick identifies four forms of incantations and a full chapter is devoted to each form, arranged to reflect the lived experiences of medieval Christians, from their baptism in infancy, to daily prayer and attendance at Church celebrations, and to their Confession and anointing during grave illness.
Introducing Second Language Assessment
Focusing on the key concepts and principles of second language assessment, this textbook offers an up-to-date, accessible, and transparent introduction to the topic. It explores how to select, create, score, and analyze language assessments within various sociopolitical, cultural, and educational contexts.
Postcolonial Applications
The origin of this project is my different contributions presented in a group of conferences, seminars, and workshops recently organized by different universities. What brings together this collection of interventions is application of postcolonial theory in the social, cultural, and educational Algerian and world contexts. Following my experience as an instructor of English Literature at the Department of English at an Algerian University, I offer some applications of postcolonial theory in social and the cultural context, as I also explore strands of colonial ideologies within the context of literary studies.
Between genre and norm
In this book, literary translation is not dealt with in the conventional sense, i.e. with regard to canonical literature, but rather in the context of counseling literature (often treated as self-help), using as a corpus the English translation of the book The Dream Seller, by Augusto Cury. To do this, the Bakhtinian concept of discursive genre is mobilized, linking it to Gideon Toury's concept of norms. In the case studied, the identification, description and understanding of the translation norms reveal aspects of the functioning of the discursive genre of advice in translation, showing the specificities of the context of arrival in the mobilization of this genre.
The Diachronic Development of Modal Expressions in Chinese
The present study is the first to apply a syntactic approach to the grammaticalization of Chinese modals, based on hypotheses on cross-linguistic diachronic developments of modals from lexical to functional categories as upward movement on a functional spine. The temporal framework of the study covers Late Archaic and Middle Chinese. Early Middle Chinese is a crucial turning point for the development of Chinese from a more synthetic to a more analytic language. This change is attributed e.g. to the loss of a former morphology, which also affects the modal system. Against this background, the negative cycle of Chinese, the relevance of polarity contexts, and the development of a new system of deontic, epistemic and future markers are analyzed. In addition to a comprehensive analysis of the syntactic processes involved in the diachronic changes of the Chinese modal system, the study also provides a comparison with the syntax of grammaticalization of the thoroughly discussed Germanic modals. This constitutes a broad basis for further analyses of the changes in the Chinese language during its long written history, but also for cross-linguistic studies on the syntax of grammaticalization and on linguistic universals.
Spaces, cultural identities and migration
The research is based on the hypothesis that the spaces described in the stories have a profound influence on the journeys, lives and cultural identities of the migrant characters. The landscapes crossed, the borders crossed and the places inhabited reflect the challenges and aspirations of the characters. In this way, space becomes an essential engine of narrative, shaping the characters' identities and experiences. The novels feature characters whose journeys oscillate between self-realization, resistance and the quest for identity. The study mobilizes the theory of transculturality and geocriticism to analyze literary texts.Transculturality examines how literary works reveal the cultures of "self" and "Other" through cross-sections of cultural identities. This approach enables us to study the issues of cultural hybridization, identity and otherness in texts. It draws on the theories of Josias Semujanga, Justin Bisanswa, Coulibaly Adama, Gbanou Selom, Bouraoui H矇di, Manfred Gsteiger, Angela Buono, and Dian矇 V矇ronique to explore the influence of spaces on the journeys and lives of migrant characters.
Nothing Can Escape Your Destiny
Fate is one of the most powerful forces there is. It's something that's beyond our reach and coordinates our lives. This strength portrayed in the book shows us the various aspects of life and social relationships between individuals.It's up to you to believe in fate or not. But remember that we need to act to get concrete results. Destiny is only realized with our action.
Temporal Experience
Many physical theories suggest that time does not pass, yet temporality deeply permeates our experience. We perceive change and movement, we are aware of living in the present, of the constant flux of our sensations and thoughts, and of time itself flowing. In Temporal Experience, Torrengo considers the core facts of temporal experience and their interconnections, ultimately defending the atomist dynamic model of temporal experience. The book critically examines prevalent theories of experience of change, succession, and passage of time both in philosophy and psychology. Each chapter contributes to the construction of the atomist dynamic model. Experience of change and movement are explained through mental events that present virtually instantaneous movement and change. Torrengo challenges the common belief in the perception of 'presentness' and proposes an error theory based on narrative cognition. The experience of succession is elucidated through the concept of an overarching phenomenology, arguing against the tendency to overstate the phenomenal continuity of experience. Finally, the experience of the passage of time is approached through the non-representationalist theory of the phenomenal modifier, and the book concludes by discussing the surprising consequences of applying the experiential model defended to the scientific image of our existence in time as a sequence of physical events.
Indefinites in Romance and beyond
Due to their flexibility in interpretation, the use of indefinites and other quantificational expressions is highly variable and subject to dynamic processes of language change.The present volume addresses fundamental linguistic questions about language variation and change in Romance quantificational expressions. It focuses on quantificational expressions in language varieties that have not received much attention in the previous literature, such as Old Sardinian, Argentinian Spanish, Palenquero Creole and Cabindan Portuguese, Catalan, Romanian, and others. The studies included in this volume offer new data on these processes of variation and advance theoretical discussions about language variation and change.
Practical Language Testing
Practical Language Testing equips you with the skills, knowledge and principles necessary to understand and construct language tests. This practical guide offers step-by-step guidelines on the design of assessments within the classroom and provides the necessary tools to analyse and improve assessments, as well as deal with alignment to externally imposed standards. Testing is situated both within the classroom and within the larger social context, and readers are provided with the knowledge necessary to make realistic and fair decisions about the use and implementation of tests.Now in its second edition, this respected text has been substantially revised and updated, including a new chapter on validity drawing from the author's Messick Award for innovation in validity theory and practice. It also includes expanded coverage of standardised testing and learning-oriented assessment, and introduces task design features, including authenticity, and automated assessment.With its frequently updated online resources to support language assessment (https: //languagetesting.info/), this book is the ideal introduction for students of applied linguistics, TESOL and modern foreign language teaching, as well as practising teachers required to design or implement language testing programmes.
Signaling Without Saying
Signaling without Saying develops game-theoretic approaches to social meaning to model the phenomenon of dogwhistles, perhaps best known from political speech. These constructions involve language that sends one message to an out-group while at the same time sending a second-often taboo, controversial, or inflammatory-message to an in-group. Robert Henderson and Elin McCready show that dogwhistles should not be modeled in the same way as related language, like slurs, and nor should they be treated via standard Gricean implicatures computed over truth-conditional meaning; instead, they should be treated as primarily bearing social meaning, as understood by modern variationist sociolinguistic theories. The book identifies and models two different kinds of dogwhistle meaning, while also exploring a variety of related phenomena. The authors show how novel implicatures in the social meaning domain can arise when a listener detects a dogwhistle, and connect them to implicatures familiar in the truth-conditional domain. Social meaning, they argue, can be added to theories of trust in testimonial evidence, and dogwhistles can help to establish trust with an audience, even when expressing false propositions. The final chapter of the book looks at connections between dogwhistles and other issues important in epistemology and philosophy of language which might involve social meaning, such as standpoint theory.
Bridging Cultures
"Bridging Cultures: A Comprehensive Guide to English Idioms and Their Arabic Equivalents" is a meticulously crafted resource designed to bridge the linguistic and cultural divide between English and Arabic. This book delves into the rich world of English idiomatic expressions, providing their Arabic equivalents while preserving the cultural and historical nuances that make them unique. Categorized thematically, the idioms span various subjects, including animals, colors, materials, family, and time. By offering clear explanations and cultural context, this guide is an invaluable tool for learners and translators aiming to master the subtleties of idiomatic expressions in both languages.
A Study of Vikas Swarup's Fictional World
"A Study of Vikas Swarup's Fictional World: Critical Overview," provides an in-depth exploration of key elements in Swarup's novels. Through comprehensive chapters on Characterization, Plot & Structure, and Themes & Narrative Techniques, the research critically analyzes Swarup's ability to create multifaceted characters and weave intricate, engaging plots. The study also examines how Swarup utilizes narrative strategies to reflect and address pressing social, cultural, and political issues. By analyzing these components, the research sheds light on the significant contribution of Swarup's fiction to contemporary Indian English literature, offering a thorough critical appraisal of his unique literary style and thematic depth.
Teaching Movies Effectively via NVivo R1
This book addresses the issue of how to teach English via movies. The book is composed of two parts: theory and practice. In the theory section, the author analyzed Black Widow using the Word Cloud, Auto Code, and Word Frequency functions of NVivo R1 to see what is happening in the text. A strategy for acquiring vocabulary, combined by the author and Ahn, was provided to speed up the process of students developing the words. In the practice section, the entire script of Black Widow. The author's edited version focused on words, translation, and idiomatic expressions directly linked to listening comprehension.
Out Here
My almost-60-year journalism career began in 1964 on an overstuffed sofa in a Montgomery Ward store in Houston TX. With somewhat harder chairs waiting in Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. My travels ranged from the World Ice Skating Championships in Czechoslovakia to Loretta Lynn's homeplace way up Butcher Hollar KY to interviewing Muhammad Ali in his mother's Louisville house to a Southern Indiana nudist colony.Bob Hill has won many awards for his writing, including the Ernie Pyle Legacy Award, which recognizes the ability to connect with people and tell their stories. Hill did that for 33 years in 4,000 columns he wrote for the Louisville Times and Courier Journal, and in the ten books he has authored. He is the author of the best seller Double Jeopardy, An Electrifying True Story of Senseless Cruelty, Murderous Rage, and Justice Miscarried. OUT HERE gives us great insight into a storyteller that speaks from the heart and the soul of real America.
Practicing Linguistics Without a License
This book analyzes the complex interplay between gesture, speech and other modal resources (e.g., gaze, facial expression, motion) during the presentation of evidence and interpretation of testimony in court. By analyzing recordings of a well-known rape trial, the authors reveal how multimodal oratory contributes to forensic linguistics and gesture studies, and how it helps understand recent policy recommendations for reforming the rape trial.
Enseigner la compr矇hension compr矇hension orale aux apprenants EFL
La compr矇hension orale est un 矇l矇ment important de l'enseignement de l'anglais langue 矇trang癡re (EFL). C'est l'une des quatre comp矇tences linguistiques que les apprenants doivent ma簾triser. Mais elle est souvent ignor矇e par les enseignants de langues 矇trang癡res et secondes. Alors que les trois autres comp矇tences linguistiques font l'objet d'un enseignement direct, les enseignants s'attendent souvent ? ce que les apprenants d矇veloppent leur capacit矇 d'矇coute par osmose et sans aide. C'est pourquoi la comp矇tence d'矇coute devrait 礙tre un sujet de pr矇occupation majeur pour les enseignants et les apprenants des cours d'anglais langue 矇trang癡re.Ce travail de recherche est structur矇 en six chapitres. Le chapitre 1 traite de l'introduction ? l'矇tude et comprend les 矇nonc矇s de probl癡mes, l'objectif de l'矇tude, l'importance de l'矇tude, les questions et hypoth癡ses de recherche et les limites de l'矇tude. Le chapitre 2 traite de l'analyse documentaire, qui comprend le rapport sur les documents ? lire et l'appr矇ciation critique du rapport sur les documents ? lire. Le chapitre 3 porte sur la m矇thodologie utilis矇e pour collecter les donn矇es. Le chapitre 4 traite de la pr矇sentation et de l'analyse des donn矇es collect矇es. Le chapitre 5 est consacr矇 ? la pr矇sentation des r矇sultats du travail de recherche. Le chapitre 6 porte sur les recommandations et les suggestions.
Language and Linguistics in a Complex World
This book is a collection of the ICAME41 conference proceedings covering a range of topics in corpus linguistics. Busse et al. Explore contemporary trends and new directions in the field. Papers focusing on historical linguistics include Bohmann et al's study on the passive alternation in 19th and 20th century American English whilst Iyeiri and Fukunaga investigate negation in 19th century American missionary documents. Bohmann's emphasis is on the Contrastive usage profiling method to represent online discourse data. Empirical studies on discourse analysis include Brooks' analysis of how the UK press portrays obesity, Coats generating ASR transcripts to look at dialect data from YouTube, and Gonzalez-Cruz's pragmatic considerations of Anglicisms entering Canarian-Spanish digital headlines. Schneider use statistical models to look at language comprehension in an eye-tracking corpus.
Insights Into the History of Linguistics
This volume collects a selection of papers concerning the history of linguistics spanning the centuries from the 17th to the 20th. These contributions were presented and debated at ICHoLS XV (Milan, 23 - 27 August 2021). The essays focus on various contexts across the modern and contemporary ages in Europe, Asia, and the United States. This collection offers an accurate exploration of linguistic topics and metalinguistic traditions across diverse historical and geographical settings.
Boujemaa Climbs A Mountain
The story: Boujemaa takes a hike with his mom... What will he find on his way through the trees and up the side of a mountain? This is the first book in a series about a young child who goes on adventures and notices the world around him.The illustrations: The original artwork was hand painted in watercolor. The charming colorful images provide a visual aid to learning the languages.Learning: It systemically repeats words and introduces new vocabulary. As you follow the actions of Boujemaa, your child will easily absorb the repeated words and set them up for linguistic success. This book can be customized in any languages you would like. To receive a quote please order at www.fluentbooks.caMultilingual children: Inspired by her own multicultural family, Hannah Burkhardt creates books in order to inspire connection between generations. Children can read one book with parents, grandparents, family members, teachers and other caregivers. Her hope is to make literature accessible for everyone. Whether teaching your children your mother tongue or encouraging bilingual/trilingual/multilingual reading, this book is for you.
The Names of Science
The history of science is echoed in the development of its language and the names chosen for its technical terms. The Names of Science examines in detail how, over time, new words have entered the scientific lexicon and how some of them, but far from all, have survived to the present. Why is a transistor called a transistor and not something else? Why was the term 'scientist' only coined in 1834, and why was the name regarded as controversial for a long time afterwards? There is a story behind every scientific word we use today. In this work, Helge Kragh tells many of these stories, taking a broad historical perspective from the Renaissance to the present. By combining elements of linguistics with the history of the natural sciences including physics, chemistry, and astronomy, this book offers a new and innovative perspective on the historical development of the natural sciences. Following an introductory list of useful linguistic terms, the book is structured in six chapters, which cover important phases in the history of science, dealing with a vast range of scientific terminology from physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy, to cosmology. It also considers, if only briefly, how English - and not, say, Latin or French - developed to become the internationally accepted language of science. Contrary to other works dealing with the subject, The Names of Science pays serious attention to the historical dimension of scientific language, and to the way in which scientists have, sometimes unconsciously, acted as linguists and neologists in their research work.
Teaching Movies Effectively via NVivo R1
This book addresses the issue of how to teach English via movies. The book is composed of two parts: theory and practice. In the theory section, the author analyzed Cruella using the Word Cloud, Auto Code, and Word Frequency functions of NVivo R1 to see what is happening in the text. A strategy for acquiring vocabulary, combined by the author and Ahn, was provided to speed up the process of students developing the words. In the practice section, the entire script of Cruella. The author's edited version focused on words, translation, and idiomatic expressions directly linked to listening comprehension.
The Construction of Corporate Identities by Chinese and American Airlines on Social Media
Rhetorical Economies of Whiteness
Rhetorical Economies of Whiteness examines the interplay of rhetoric, whiteness, and economics-attending not only to how economic arrangements that sustain whiteness are rhetorically enacted and legitimated but also to how rhetoric itself operates as an economy to give identities exchange value. Case studies across the volume illustrate how economic and class structures incentivize adherence to whiteness as both an identity formation and a form of symbolic capital. Some contributors investigate issues of public policy-analyzing judicial appointments, housing, and education-while others explore intersections of politics, sports, news and entertainment media, and culture. Wide-ranging, complementary methods-textual and discourse analysis, archival approaches, ethnographic interviewing and focus groups, personal narratives and storytelling-exemplify the insights gleaned from different approaches to studying intersections of race and economics across and within societies. Taken together, these essays help to explain how whiteness so quickly adapts to evade antiracist challenges and why investments in whiteness are so difficult to dislodge. Contributors: Godfried Asante, Robert Asen, Charles Athanasopoulos, Paulami Banerjee, Anne Bonds, Linsay M. Cramer, Derek G. Handley, V. Jo Hsu, Kelly Jensen, Casey Ryan Kelly, Kyle R. Larson, George (Guy) F. McHendry Jr., Thomas K. Nakayama, Adedoyin Ogunfeyimi, Rico Self, Stacey K. Sowards, Corinne Mitsuye Sugino
A Forensic Linguistic Analysis of Plagiarism Practices
Forensic linguistics is the scientific study of language in forensic contexts and for forensic purposes. It involves analyzing language used in various legal contexts. Forensic linguistics provides a scientific approach to detecting and analyzing plagiarism, which is essential for maintaining academic integrity. In academic writing there are many M.A. students commit plagiarism practices in writing their theses. Plagiarism is a cancer that erodes academic integrity from the ground up. It has witnessed a great interest at the present time due to its great spread among students. There are many factors that help in this, including the student's ignorance of correct documentation, as well as the method of academic writing. This study sheds the light on plagiarism practices among Iraqi M.A. students in forensic linguistic perspective.
Speaking Competence of G-11 Students in Using English as 2nd Language
This study aimed to investigate the influence of some personal factors, speaking anxiety and linguistic competence to student's speaking competence in the second language. The Second Language Classroom Anxiety Scale was used to measure student's anxiety towards the use of English as a second language. Job interview simulation is also used involving selected Grade 11 students. Results showed that majority of the students are specialized in non-STEM strand whose parents are not college degree holders. These students demonstrated an average level of speaking anxiety reflecting the tendency to show low self-confidence when asked to speak using the English language yet unprepared for the conversation. Same students also showed remarkably low levels of linguistic competence in terms of grammar, comprehension, and vocabulary. Further analysis showed that linguistic competence significantly influenced student's speaking competence in the job interview. Findings were used as bases for the development of an intervention program.
The Names of Science
The history of science is echoed in the development of its language and the names chosen for its technical terms. The Names of Science examines in detail how, over time, new words have entered the scientific lexicon and how some of them, but far from all, have survived to the present. Why is a transistor called a transistor and not something else? Why was the term 'scientist' only coined in 1834, and why was the name regarded as controversial for a long time afterwards? There is a story behind every scientific word we use today. In this work, Helge Kragh tells many of these stories, taking a broad historical perspective from the Renaissance to the present. By combining elements of linguistics with the history of the natural sciences including physics, chemistry, and astronomy, this book offers a new and innovative perspective on the historical development of the natural sciences. Following an introductory list of useful linguistic terms, the book is structured in six chapters, which cover important phases in the history of science, dealing with a vast range of scientific terminology from physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy, to cosmology. It also considers, if only briefly, how English - and not, say, Latin or French - developed to become the internationally accepted language of science. Contrary to other works dealing with the subject, The Names of Science pays serious attention to the historical dimension of scientific language, and to the way in which scientists have, sometimes unconsciously, acted as linguists and neologists in their research work.
Fragments of Languages
The book deals with the concept of fragmentation as applied to languages and their documentation. It focuses in particular on the theoretical and methodological consequences of such a fragmentation for the linguistic analysis and interpretation of texts and, hence, for the reconstruction of languages. Furthermore, by adopting an innovative perspective, the book aims to test the application of the concept of fragmentation to languages which are not commonly included in the categories of 'Corpussprache', 'Tr羹mmersprache', and 'Restsprache'. This is the case with diachronic or diatopic varieties -- of even well-known languages -- which are only attested through a limited corpus of texts as well as with endangered languages. In this latter case, not only is the documentation fragmented, but the very linguistic competence of the speakers, due to the reduction of contexts of language use, interference phenomena with majority languages, and consequent presence of semi-speakers.
Securing the Prize
How presidential metaphors have shaped US discourse on the Persian Gulf From the 1970s to the 1990s American presidents and their advisers introduced four metaphors into foreign-policy discourse that taught Americans to view the Persian Gulf as a vulnerable region and site of US responsibility on the world stage. In Securing the Prize: Presidential Metaphor and US Intervention in the Persian Gulf, Randall Fowler argues that, for half a century, metaphor has been central to defining America's role in the Middle East. Metaphors served as shorthand for presidents to promote their policies, filtering through the judgments of officials, journalists, experts, and critics to mediate American perceptions of the Gulf War. Tracing the use of security metaphors from President Richard Nixon to President George W. Bush, Fowler revises mainstream understandings regarding the origins of the War on Terror and explains the disconnect between skeptical public attitudes toward US involvement in the Gulf War and the heavy American military footprint in the region.
A Reference Grammar of Caijia
Caijia, [meŋ簡繒ni33ŋoŋ33] 'Caijia speech', is an endangered language in the Sino-Tibetan family with less than 1000 speakers in Hezhang and Weining counties in northwest in Guizhou Province in Southwest China. Its sub-classification remains unclear. It was almost four decades ago when the Caijia language was officially reported for the first time in 1982 by the Language Team of Bureau of Ethnic Identification in Bijie, yet this language has nevertheless remained neither well-described nor studied. This book, a linguistic description of the Xingfa variety of Caijia based on the fieldwork data in Xingfa township of Hezhang county, is the first reference grammar of the Caijia language, covering its sound system, word formation, parts of speech and syntactic structures in fifteen chapters. Being analytic, Caijia presents many common grammatical features attested in East and Southeast Asian languages, for example, compounds, quadrisyllabic idiomatic expressions or elaborate expressions, lack of inflection, a classifier system, a strong relationship between nominalization and relativization, pro-drop and grammaticalization of verbs. Moreover, Caijia shares more similarities with Sinitic languages. Apart from these common areal features, this book will also reveal some special features of Caijia.
Mispunctuation and Translation
The present book investigates the issue of mispunctuation in English and its impact on human vs. machine translation into Arabic. It analyzes how human translators and machine translation systems react when facing mispunctuated sentences, and the consequent implications of mispunctuation on the translation process. For translators to accurately convey the message from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL), paying attention to correct punctuation becomes crucial. The study is conducted by presenting 30 English sentences and evaluating their 1290 Arabic translations done by 54 BA, 14 MA, and 12 PhD students of translation at the Department of Translation, College of Arts, University of Mosul, besides 3 online machine translation systems: Google Translate, Bing Translator, and SYSTRAN. Statistical results show that mispunctuation affects, in varying degrees, the quality of translation due to the resulting inaccuracies, whether the translations are done by human or machine translation systems.
A Grammar of Bunaq
This is a comprehensive grammar of the Papuan language Bunaq as spoken in the district of Lamaknen. Bunaq belongs to the Timor-Alor-Pantar language family, which comprises the westernmost Papuan languages. Surrounded on all sides by Austronesian languages, Bunaq has developed in isolation from other members of the family, and as a result shows a range of unique morphosyntactic patterns. This grammar provides a detailed synchronic description of Bunaq based on a functional-typological approach. Following additional fieldwork and containing new material and analyses, this book is a thoroughly revised version of the author's 2010 PhD thesis, which won the Pāṇini Award of the Association for Linguistic Typology.
Adverbs and Adverbials
Adverbs seem to raise unsolvable issues for theories of word-classes, both crosslinguistically and language-internally. The contributions in this volume all address this categorial problem from a variety of formal and functional points of view. In the first part, current definitions of the class for Romance and Germanic languages are being questioned and improved, drawing on data from English, German and Italian. The second part is devoted to adverbial scope in Romance (French, Italian and Brazilian Portuguese), Germanic, Modern Greek and Chinese, under special consideration of modal adverbs, subject-oriented manner adverbs and domain adverbs and adverbials. Syntactic and semantic relationships appear to lay the ground for a robust and fine-grained functional definition of adverbs and adverbials.
The Development of the Concept of Smell in American English
The last decades have witnessed a renewed interest in near-synonymy. In particular, recent distributional corpus-based approaches used for semantic analysis have successfully uncovered subtle distinctions in meaning between near-synonyms. However, most studies have dealt with the semantic structure of sets of near-synonyms from a synchronic perspective, while their diachronic evolution generally has been neglected. Against this backdrop, the aim of this book is to examine five adjectival near-synonyms in the history of American English from the understudied semantic domain of SMELL: fragrant, perfumed, scented, sweet-scented, and sweet-smelling. Their distribution is analyzed across a wide range of contexts, including semantic, morphosyntactic, and stylistic ones, since distributional patterns of this type serve as a proxy for semantic (dis)similarity. The data is submitted to various univariate and multivariate statistical techniques, making it possible to uncover fine-grained (dis)similarities among the near-synonyms, as well as possible changes in their prototypical structures. The book sheds valuable light on the diachronic development of lexical near-synonyms, a dimension that has up to now been relatively disregarded.
Language in Britain and Ireland
Britain and Ireland are home to a rich array of spoken and signed languages and dialects. Language is ever evolving, in its diversity, and in the number and the backgrounds of its speakers, and so, too, are the tools and methods used for researching language. Now in its third edition, this book brings together a team of experts to provide cutting-edge linguistic and sociolinguistic information about all the major varieties of language used across Britain and Ireland today. Fully updated, this edition covers topics including the history of English, the relationship between standard and nonstandard Englishes, multilingualism in Britain and Ireland, and the educational and policy planning implications of this linguistic diversity. Chapters are also dedicated to specific language varieties, including comprehensive descriptions of the Celtic languages, nonstandard regional varieties, sign languages, and urban contact varieties. It is essential reading for academic researchers and students of sociolinguistics and education.
Semiotics and Its Masters 2 (Olteanu/Cobley) Scc 36 PB
Semiotics has ever-changing vistas in consonance with changes in the ever-increasing complexity of life on Planet Earth. This book presents cutting-edge work in semiotics, projecting developments in the future of the field. Authored by leading semioticians, Semiotics and its Masters, Volume 2 contains essays on learning, transdisciplinarity, science, scaffolding, narrative, selfhood, ecosemiotics, agency, cybersemiotics, pornography, nostalgia, language and money. The volume presents a panorama of semiotics as it will develop in the third decade of the 21st century. This book will furnish the reader with an overview of the challenges that face explorers in the contemporary world of signs.
Binominal Lexemes in Cross-Linguistic Perspective
The typological, contrastive, and descriptive studies in this volume investigate the strategies employed by the world's languages to create complex denotations by combining two noun-like elements, together with the kinds of semantic relation they involve, and their acquisition by children. The term 'binominal lexeme' is employed to cover both noun-noun compounds and a range of other naming strategies, including prepositional compounds, relational compounds, construct forms, genitival constructions, and more. Overall, the volume suggests a new, cross-linguistic approach to the study of complex lexeme formation that cuts across the traditional boundaries between syntax, morphology, and lexicon.
Protecting the Public's Health during Novel Infectious Disease Outbreaks
This Element examines two prominent public health crises - the emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in British cattle and the COVID-19 pandemic. It contends that a group of arguments called the informal fallacies functioned as cognitive heuristics and facilitated public health reasoning during both crises. These arguments, which include the argument from ignorance, the argument from authority, and circular argument, are particularly well adapted to the type of uncertainty that surrounds the emergence of novel infectious diseases. By bridging gaps in knowledge, these arguments can facilitate reasoning when evidence about these diseases is limited and the need to take action is urgent. The Element charts a public health journey beginning in the 1950s with a disease called kuru, then examines the response to the emergence of BSE in 1986 and extends to the present day with the COVID-19 pandemic. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Applicative Morphology
This book is about recurrent functions of applicative morphology not included in typologically-oriented definitions. Based on substantial cross-linguistic evidence, it challenges received wisdom on applicatives in several ways. First, in many of the surveyed languages, applicatives are the sole means to introduce a non-Actor semantic role into a clause. When there is an alternative way of expression, the applicative counterpart often has no valence-increasing effect on the targeted root. Second, applicative morphology can introduce constituents which are not syntactic objects and/or co-occur with obliques. Third, functions such as conveying aspectual nuances to the predicate (intensity, repetition, habituality) or its arguments (partitive P, highly individuated P), narrow-focusing constituents, and functioning as category-changing devices are attested in geographically distant and genetically unrelated languages. Further, this volume reveals that spatial-related morphology is prone to developing applicative functions in disparate languages and phyla. Finally, several contributions discuss the diachrony of applicative constructions and their (non-syntactic) attested functions, including a case of applicatives-in-the-making.
Hate Speech
Hate speech has been extensively studied by disciplines such as social psychology, sociology, history, politics and law. Some significant areas of study have been the origins of hate speech in past and modern societies around the world; the way hate speech paves the way for harmful social movements; the socially destructive force of propaganda; and the legal responses to hate speech. On reviewing the literature, one major weakness stands out: hate speech, a crime perpetrated primarily by malicious and damaging language use, has no significant study in the field of linguistics. Historically, pragmatic theories have tended to address language as cooperative action, geared to reciprocally informative polite understanding. As a result of this idealized view of language, negative types of discourse such as harassment, defamation, hate speech, etc. have been neglected as objects of linguistic study. Since they go against social, moral and legal norms, many linguists have wrongly depicted those acts of wrong communication as unusual, anomalous or deviant when they are, in fact, usual and common in modern societies all over the world. The book analyses the challenges legal practitioners and linguists must meet when dealing with hate speech, especially with the advent of new technologies and social networks, and takes a linguistic perspective by targeting the knowledge the linguist can provide that makes harassment actionable.
Word Order Variation
In the Iranic-Semitic-Turkic contact area, where many languages are described as verb-final, 'Targets' (Goals, Recipients, etc.) tend to appear in the immediate postverbal position, a pattern violating the alleged 'basic word order'. Investigating empirical material, the present volume examines the idea of its contact-induced origin by combining various languages from inside and outside this contact area: the Greek variety Romeyka; Indic Domari; Iranic Balochi, Kurdish, Middle Persian, Parthian, Bactrian and Sogdian; Nilotic Maa; Semitic Arabic and Aramaic; Siberian and Iran-Turkic. The contributors investigate word order variation of transitive, ditransitive, and copula structures as well as intransitives with Targets. Their analyses highlight the relevance of grammatical, discourse-pragmatic, and cognitive principles. The volume highlights the importance of Target structures for linguistic theory by offering new perspectives and will be of interest to typologists and linguists interested in word order variation and information structure.
Marquis de Sade
The name Marquis de Sade conjures images of scandal and perversion, but behind the excesses lies a profound thinker whose writings continue to provoke and challenge. In "Marquis de Sade: A Life of Power and Perversion", Henry F. Morgan delves into the complex life and works of this notorious French nobleman. This book goes beyond the sensational tales that gave de Sade his infamous reputation. It explores his radical political and philosophical ideas, his views on freedom and power, and his unflinching critique of the moral standards of his time. With precise analysis and historical depth, Morgan paints a portrait of a man who pushed the boundaries of thought and was both admired and reviled for it. For readers eager to explore the ideals and controversies surrounding one of the 18th century's most fascinating figures, this book offers a comprehensive examination of de Sade's life, work, and legacy-compelling readers to reflect on power, freedom, and the darker aspects of human nature.
East Asian Sign Linguistics
This book is one of the first references of linguistic research of sign languages in East Asia (including China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Hong Kong). The book includes the basic descriptions of aspects of Chinese (Shanghai, Tianjin) sign language, Hong Kong Sign Language, Japanese Sign Language, Korean Sign Language, Taiwanese Sign Language, and Tibetan Sign Language. Table of contents Introduction Kazumi Matsuoka, Onno Crasborn and Marie Coppola Part 1: Manuals: Numerals, classifiers, modal verbs Historical relationships between numeral signs in Japanese Sign Language, South Korean Sign Language and Taiwan Sign Language Keiko Sagara Phonological processes in complex word formation in Shanghai Sign Language Shengyun Gu Classifiers and gender in Korean Sign Language Ki-Hyun Nam and Kang-Suk Byu Causative alternation in Tianjin Sign Language Jia He and Gladys Tan Epistemic modal verbs and negation in Japanese Sign Language Kazumi Matsuoka, Uiko Yano and Kazumi Maegawa Part 2: Non-manuals and space The Korean Sign Language (KSL) corpus and its first application on a study about mouth actions Sung-Eun Hong, Seong Ok Won, Hyunhwa Lee, Kang-Suk Byun and Eun-Young Lee Negative polar questions in Hong Kong Sign Language Felix Sze and Helen Le Analyzing head nod expressions by L2 learners of Japanese Sign Language: A comparison with native Japanese Sign Language signers Natsuko Shimotani Composite utterances in Taiwan Sign Language Shiou-fen Su Time and timelines in Tibetan Sign Language (TSL) interactions in Lhasa Theresia Hofer
Grammar Competition in Second Language Acquisition
Anybody with the chance of teaching English to Indonesian speakers should have experienced difficulties when it comes to non-verbal predicates and the placement of be. This volume looks at this matter from a grammar competition perspective.An experiment conducted in Bandar Lampung with Indonesian learners of English identified specific error patterns. These patterns result from grammar competition between the L1 Indonesian and the L2 English. This work mainly deals with the influence of adverbs such as still or already, and the category of the non-verbal predicate (adjectival, nominal, preposition phrase).Although the main focus of this work is in the field of language acquisition, this volume also provides a detailed contrast between English and Indonesian non-verbal predicates and the contrast of the English copula be and the Indonesian copulas ada and adalah. The lingusitic description is done in a generative DM-based approach. Thus, this volume does not only provide new insights in the field language acquisiton, but also in the generative description of Indonesian in general and non-verbal predicates in particular.
