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News Is a Verb
LIBRARY OF CONTEMPORARY THOUGHT"When screaming headlines turn out to be based on stories that don't support them, the tale of the boy who cried wolf gets new life. When the newspaper is filled with stupid features about celebrities at the expense of hard news, the reader feels patronized. In the process, the critical relationship of reader to newspaper is slowly undermined."--from NEWS IS A VERB NEWS IS A VERBJournalism at the End of the Twentieth Century "With the usual honorable exceptions, newspapers are getting dumber. They are increasingly filled with sensation, rumor, press-agent flackery, and bloated trivialities at the expense of significant facts. The Lewinsky affair was just a magnified version of what has been going on for some time. Newspapers emphasize drama and conflict at the expense of analysis. They cover celebrities as if reporters were a bunch of waifs with their noses pressed enviously to the windows of the rich and famous. They are parochial, square, enslaved to the conventional pieties. The worst are becoming brainless printed junk food. All across the country, in large cities and small, even the better newspapers are predictable and boring. I once heard a movie director say of a certain screenwriter: 'He aspired to mediocrity, and he succeeded.' Many newspapers are succeeding in the same way."
Mosaic of Tongues
Mosaic of Tongues: Multilingual Learning for the Arabic-speaking World offers a comprehensive exploration into the multifaceted realm of multilingual education within Arabic-speaking communities and beyond. It delves into the intricate journey towards bilingualism, the intersection of language and identity among diaspora populations, and the social dynamics of code-switching. The book presents innovative teaching strategies in diverse educational settings, examines the complex language scenarios in multilingual societies, and highlights the pivotal role of families and communities in language preservation. Personal narratives enrich the discourse, shedding light on the individual and collective experiences of navigating linguistic landscapes. This work not only showcases the cognitive and academic merits of multilingualism but also celebrates the personal enrichment and cultural inclusivity it fosters. Aimed at parents, educators, researchers, and cultural enthusiasts, it envisions a globally connected, linguistically diverse future, emphasizing the transformative impact of embracing multiple languages.
Challenges and Innovations in Speaking Assessment
This volume presents a sample of key Educational Testing Service (ETS) research and development efforts related to speaking assessment over the years.
Theme and Form of Hudhud of Dinulawan and Bugan at Gonhadan
Hudhud is proclaimed by UNESCO as a masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage of humanity and which needs to be preserved as a record of cultural identity. This literary ethnographic study is focused on the analysis of the theme and form of Hudhud of Dinulawan and Bugan at Gonhadan published by Francis Lambrecht in 1967. The study determines and assesses the aesthetic and cultural values of the Ifugao ethno-epic, shedding light on the essence of the chant in connection to their cosmos, history, behavior, sociopolitical and cultural laws, beliefs, traditions and practices.
Business English Mastery
Kennst du das mulmige Gef羹hl, dich in internationalen Gesch瓣ftsgespr瓣chen mit einbringen zu wollen, du aber nicht wei?t wie du dich ausdr羹cken sollst und deswegen einfach nichts sagst? Bist du es leid, nach den richtigen Worten zu suchen oder in kulturelle Fettn瓣pfchen zu treten? Dann ist unsere "Business English Mastery" die L繹sung f羹r dich, um in jeder Situation 羹berzeugend und souver瓣n kommunizieren zu k繹nnen, sodass deine Botschaft klar und verst瓣ndlich aufgefasst wird. Die "Business English Mastery" ist nicht nur ein Ratgeber. Das Buch ist dein pers繹nlicher Begleiter, der dir dabei hilft, ein selbstbewusster und kompetenter Gespr瓣chspartner in der internationalen Gesch瓣ftswelt zu werden. Es ist das Ergebnis jahrelanger Erfahrung in der Praxis und bietet dir bew瓣hrte Strategien und Techniken, die einfach umzusetzen sind. Entdecke die Geheimnisse erfolgreicher Gesch瓣ftskommunikation, lerne aus den Geschichten und Erfahrungen jener, die vor kurzem noch an deiner Stelle waren und entfalte dein volles Potenzial. In diesem Buch wird dir gezeigt wie du: - Klar und zielgerichtet kommunizierst - Deine Business-Soft-Skills verbesserst - Effizient und effektiv networkst - In internationalen Videokonferenzen 羹berzeugst - Mit Selbstvertrauen und Charisma pr瓣sentierst - Interkulturelle H羹rden meisterst Basierend auf 17 Jahren Coaching-Erfahrung 繹ffnet dir die "Business English Mastery" T羹ren zu den essenziellen F瓣higkeiten im internationalen Gesch瓣ft und nimmt dich mit auf eine Reise durch die vielschichtigen Aspekte der Business-Kommunikation. Das Buch thematisiert die Techniken und Strategien, die notwendig sind, um klar, pr瓣zise und souver瓣n zu kommunizieren, selbst in den herausforderndsten Gesch瓣ftssituationen. Zudem werden dir ?bungen und Beispiele mit an die Hand gegeben, die dir dabei helfen, das Gelernte zu festigen und direkt anzuwenden. Es behandelt au?erdem spezifische Herausforderungen, wie das F羹hren von Videokonferenzen mit Teilnehmern aus verschiedenen
Business English Mastery
Kennst du das mulmige Gef羹hl, dich in internationalen Gesch瓣ftsgespr瓣chen mit einbringen zu wollen, du aber nicht wei?t wie du dich ausdr羹cken sollst und deswegen einfach nichts sagst? Bist du es leid, nach den richtigen Worten zu suchen oder in kulturelle Fettn瓣pfchen zu treten? Dann ist unsere "Business English Mastery" die L繹sung f羹r dich, um in jeder Situation 羹berzeugend und souver瓣n kommunizieren zu k繹nnen, sodass deine Botschaft klar und verst瓣ndlich aufgefasst wird. Die "Business English Mastery" ist nicht nur ein Ratgeber. Das Buch ist dein pers繹nlicher Begleiter, der dir dabei hilft, ein selbstbewusster und kompetenter Gespr瓣chspartner in der internationalen Gesch瓣ftswelt zu werden. Es ist das Ergebnis jahrelanger Erfahrung in der Praxis und bietet dir bew瓣hrte Strategien und Techniken, die einfach umzusetzen sind. Entdecke die Geheimnisse erfolgreicher Gesch瓣ftskommunikation, lerne aus den Geschichten und Erfahrungen jener, die vor kurzem noch an deiner Stelle waren und entfalte dein volles Potenzial. In diesem Buch wird dir gezeigt wie du: - Klar und zielgerichtet kommunizierst - Deine Business-Soft-Skills verbesserst - Effizient und effektiv networkst - In internationalen Videokonferenzen 羹berzeugst - Mit Selbstvertrauen und Charisma pr瓣sentierst - Interkulturelle H羹rden meisterst Basierend auf 17 Jahren Coaching-Erfahrung 繹ffnet dir die "Business English Mastery" T羹ren zu den essenziellen F瓣higkeiten im internationalen Gesch瓣ft und nimmt dich mit auf eine Reise durch die vielschichtigen Aspekte der Business-Kommunikation. Das Buch thematisiert die Techniken und Strategien, die notwendig sind, um klar, pr瓣zise und souver瓣n zu kommunizieren, selbst in den herausforderndsten Gesch瓣ftssituationen. Zudem werden dir ?bungen und Beispiele mit an die Hand gegeben, die dir dabei helfen, das Gelernte zu festigen und direkt anzuwenden. Es behandelt au?erdem spezifische Herausforderungen, wie das F羹hren von Videokonferenzen mit Teilnehmern aus verschiedenen
Whose Language Is English?
An exhilarating new account of the English language, from British colonialism to the age of social media, emphasizing dynamism and democratization Whose language is English? Although we often think of it as native to one place, today there are many Englishes. About seventy-five countries are now using English as their official or first language, and the number of people speaking it around the world continues to rise. But the makeup of the English-speaking population is changing. The proportion of speakers for whom English is a first language, for instance, is decreasing, due to the explosion in popularity of English as a second language. In this ambitious book, Jieun Kiaer explores the lives of English words in the twenty-first century, when the creation and use of language has become an increasingly dynamic, interactive, and diverse process in which ordinary people have taken leading roles--offering such coinages as "flexitarian," "MeToo," "glow up," and "shitizen" to "No sabo kids" and beyond. As English language grows ever more diverse, Kiaer believes, we need a paradigm shift. We must acknowledge that all varieties of English are languages in their own right when they are used by a community of speakers. English is a language that belongs to everyone. Considering the effects of social media, the Covid-19 pandemic, virtual work, globalization, and artificial intelligence, Kiaer paints a compelling portrait of a diffuse, rapidly evolving language characterized by creativity and democratization.
Visualising Language Students and Teachers as Multilinguals
This book fosters an awareness of multilingualism as lived or as subjectively experienced from the perspective of those involved in language education and teacher education. Responding to multilingual and visual turns, it widens the repertoire of methodologies dominating the field of language teacher education, from linguistic or verbal to visual. The chapters, written by practising language teachers and teacher educators, explore aspects of multilingualism accessed through visual means in a wide range of contexts. Using social justice as a transformative framework, they highlight the biases, inequalities and linguistic hierarchies within schools and teacher education, and promote respect for linguistic plurality and cultural diversity in these settings. They illustrate how visual methods can be used to reconstruct histories of individual multilingualism, identify present language ideologies and support teachers' professional development by means of envisioning the future self in action. This book will be of interest to those involved in language education and language teacher education, including researchers, practising language teachers, student or trainee teachers and teacher educators. This book is Open Access under a CC BY NC ND license.
Education and Language in the Philippines
This book critically discusses the development of education and language policies in the Philippines. It highlights the economic, social, and political factors that impact the education and language policies in the country, including identity formation and the roles played by ethnic languages, the national language, and English.
Words and Meaning in Metasemantics
In Words and Meaning in Metasemantics, Juan Jos矇 Colomina-Almi簽ana puts forward a new way of understanding the linguistic and philosophical foundations of the study of language: the Interactive Theory. This theory states that the meaning of our sentences is much more than the truth values their components clauses carry. Since language is a human artifact, Words and Meaning in Metasemantics also explains the role that our reasons, dispositions, inferences, acts, and awareness have in the content-fixing of the sentences speakers employ to refer to the world in which they belong.
Salience of Information in Japanese
'Salience' is a linguistic phenomenon whereby information that is 'given', or 'new', is distributed and presented within a sentence in particular ways that convey its relevance. Although it has been widely described as the speaker's linguistic choices based on the hearer's perspective, it has received less attention as the speaker's manipulations of the hearer's cognitive states. This timely study redresses that balance by analysing several morphosyntactic phenomena in Japanese, drawing on a wide range of authentic language examples. Taking a functionalist perspective, it brings together studies of grammar and discourse, which are often described separately, and deploys the combined grammar-discourse approach in Role and Reference Grammar, the structural-functionalist theory in which syntax, semantics, and pragmatics are equally central to our understanding of language. It also offers an analysis of second language (L2) learners' Japanese discourse, and demonstrates the relevance of that analysis to issues outside of traditional second language research.
Genre Networks
The innovative Genres and Intersemiotic Relations in Digital Science Communication employs genre as a fruitful lens for exploring the complexity of science communication online and the new genre assemblages formed at the interface of multiple genres in digital environments.
Speaking CPE
Practice makes perfect...This revised edition of sample tests for the Cambridge C2 Proficiency Speaking examination has been written to replicate the Cambridge exam experience and has undergone rigorous expert and peer review.This resource aims to provide meaningful speaking practice while following the format of the C2 Proficiency Speaking paper. Model answers and examiner comments are provided for Test 1, allowing teachers and candidates to familiarise themselves with the format and level of the exam, and the type of questions and topics covered.Furthermore, and most importantly, students can learn, through repetitive practice, what to expect on the day of their Speaking test.The resource comprises: 10 Speaking tests (Parts 1-3) with mark schemes, model answers and examiner comments (Test 1), providing a large bank of high-quality practice material for students preparing for the Cambridge C2 Proficiency (CPE) examination.About the author: Jane Turner is an associate lecturer in EAP/EFL at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, and an EFL materials writer for international exam boards, universities and publishers. She previously worked as a Cambridge ESOL examiner for the British Council, and holds an MA in Educational Management and Cambridge CELTA and DELTA.For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
Rhoticity in Scottish English. A Sociolinguistic Study of Parliamentary Speech
Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, LMU Munich (Anglistik), course: Seminar Sprachwissenschaft: Varieties of English, language: English, abstract: In this paper, rhoticity in Scotland and gender differences in realization are in the focus. Particularly of interest is whether Scottish is proved to be mostly rhotic and whether there is a discrepancy between male and female speakers in rhoticity, as well as in type of realization. First, the theoretical background on the variable in question is provided and important existing studies on this topic introduced. Subsequently, methodological procedure and collection of the envelope of variation are explained. Finally, the results on rhoticity are displayed and discussed against the backdrop of similar findings giving insight into the language situation in Scotland. Scottish English is a rather complex term describing the linguistic situation in Scotland Apart from Gaelic, which is considered a separate language, Scots and Standard Scottish English fall under the term Scottish English and include an array of varieties beginning with aforementioned SSE and ending with broad Scots. While the latter comprises several dialects varying from town to town, SSE can be seen as the standard variety of English in Scotland. In fact, Scots and Standard Scottish English function as "two opposite poles of a bipolar language continuum". According to Aitken's model, speakers unconsciously shift between points on the continuum. However, Scots is usually spoken by the working class and amongst family and friends; SSE on the other hand is preferred by middle-class speakers and/or used for rather formal occasions. Boundaries between the two language plus Received Pronunciation, which only forms a small percentage of speakers, are overlapping and ambiguous. As other varieties of English, Scottish English provides distinctive features, which are frequently used yet n
Metaphor, Riddles, and the Origin of Language
This book contributes to the debate surrounding the origin of language by demonstrating that riddles and myths can be examined as evidence of the emergence of conceptual metaphors, a prerequisite for the development of a complete language.
Democratic Disunity
Democratic Disunity: Rhetorical Tribalism in 2020 addresses that while attention has recently and rightly been paid to the tribal bifurcation of the GOP, the Democratic Party is similarly divided. Americans live in a democratic republic rather than a direct democracy and choices regarding governing concerns are configured through communicative action. These choices include those made between and within American political parties. Without rhetorical mediation and intervention, toxic partisan tribalism within the two major American political parties is likely to destabilize the nations' federalist system of government. Kelley argues that intraparty tribalism poisons public life and consumes public space within which electoral politics, including discussion, deliberation and compromise, should be thriving. Democratic Disunity considers intraparty tribalism as a rhetorical form, uniquely positioned within the twenty-first century. Details are provided regarding language-in-use strategies with which to anchor a rhetoric of governing through a mindful, deliberative dialogue which diminishes the effect of political partisanship, including its toxic variations both between and within American political parties. Scholars and students of rhetoric, political communication, and political science will find this book particularly interesting.
Between translations, roses, jagun癟os and angels
This book contains three articles which, despite having different formats, deal with translation. The first evaluates lexically creative items in Spanish translations of Jo瓊o Guimar瓊es Rosa's novel, Grande Sert瓊o: Veredas, more specifically the solutions found by the translators with regard to non-dictionary terms in the Spanish language, such as yagunzo and sert籀n, from a cultural point of view. The study is guided by Valent穩n Garc穩a Yebra's theoretical reflections on translation, as well as the linguistic and translation theories of Antoine Berman and Georges Mounin. Also contributing to this article is the study carried out by Prof Dr Walnice Nogueira Galv瓊o, in The Forms of the False; as well as Rosa's own testimonies recorded by G羹nter Lorenz. The second analyses how certain difficulties faced by translators when translating Jo瓊o Guimar瓊es Rosa's Grande Sert瓊o: Veredas (1956) into Spanish were resolved, in terms of the author's different style, more specifically the use of the subjunctive and syntax. The third presents an annotated translation of Daniel Mayer's short story El ?ngel.
English Spelling
Is there a purpose for the extra "p" in "shopped"? Does the letter "e" in "prince" have a function? Is there a reason for spelling "muscle" with a silent letter "c"? Why are the letters "cc" in "accident" and "account" pronounced differently? Why does the letter "e" in "bake" disappear from "baking"?These are just a few of the mysteries of English spelling that Trevor Schindeler, a lifelong student of the English language, explores in this unique book. He answers these questions and many others in a clear and understandable fashion by setting out the structures and conventions that govern English spelling.In this age of smartphones with spell checking capacities, some people question the need to learn about spelling. There are, however, benefits to understanding how spelling works beyond getting words typed out correctly. Spelling remains vital because it forms a foundation for both reading and writing. A good knowledge of our English spelling system is required to read accurately and to write proficiently. Spelling skills are fundamental to good communication, and open the door to vast stores of human knowledge.This book will be helpful to anyone who wants to improve their understanding of written English including teachers, English instructors, students seeking to master the English language, and general readers. It sets out, in a systematic and comprehensive manner, all of the spelling patterns found in written English. Becoming aware of a spelling pattern will help you to notice it when reading and, eventually, to apply it when writing. In time, reading and writing skills will improve, and a deeper appreciation of our complex spelling system will be acquired.This book also describes the structures and conventions that govern the spelling of words. While dictionaries tell us how to spell a word, this book explains why! MAJOR SECTIONS OF THE BOOKThe Structures of English SpellingLong Vowel Spelling PatternsShort Vowel Spelling PatternsOther Vowel Spelling PatternsConsonant Spelling PatternsConsonant BlendsPrefixesRoot WordsSuffixesGrammatical ConsiderationsPluralsPossessivesOnsets and RimesCompound and Hyphenated WordsContractionsAcronyms
Grammar and Linguistic Tradition
The postulate established by theorists interested in contributing to transformations in Portuguese language teaching, according to which the text should be the basic unit of teaching, underlies the understanding that the systematic study of the structural levels of language is a dispensable task when it comes to developing reading and writing skills. Given this conception, the questions that motivate the research are the following: i) since the text is a structure made up of several levels, is it really unnecessary to develop systematic teaching-learning processes at these levels when it comes to building reading and writing skills? And what space does the study of the syntactic level occupy in the proposals of linguists, theorists and official curriculum guidelines? Based on the assumption that these questions divide the opinions of researchers and teachers, this research presents and discusses the syntactic structure of the Portuguese language, highlighting its contributions to the construction of textual structuring processes and meaning in reading and writing.
The Influence of the Lexifier
The study of language contact in the "new" English varieties is frequently influenced by sociolinguistic approaches and reference to substrate languages but much less often to functionally-based contact linguistic theory. In The Influence of the Lexifier, Ziegeler applies grammaticalization and other explanations of language change to many under-researched features of Singapore English, highlighting the role of the co-existing lexifier in the unique contact setting of Singapore.
Postcolonial Semantics
Global knowledge production increasingly happens through one particular language: modern Anglo English. What does the Anglocentric reliance of English words and phrases mean for the way we make claims, formulate research questions, and develop theories? In this monograph, these questions are scrutinized and explored through "Postcolonial Semantics", a new framework that draws on advances in postcolonial linguistics and cognitive/cultural semantics. Through original semantic work on Bislama words and Urban Pacific concepts, each chapter provides alternatives to Anglocentric linguistic framings of knowledge in the domains of language, communication, sociology, psychology, and geopolitics. Highlighting the pluriversality of meaning-making and the multipolarity of knowledge, the book speaks into central themes in semantics, including the question of metalanguage and the representation of meaning, as well as contact-zone semantics and the colonial matrix of power. All analyses are provided in both English and Bislama through a translatable semantic metalanguage of shared human concepts. Apart from semanticists and postcolonial language scholars, the monograph is of interest to researchers and research students in fields such as World Englishes, creole studies, linguistic anthropology, intercultural pragmatics, and global discourse studies.
Digital Flux, Linguistic Justice and Minoritized Languages
The concept of linguistic justice, as applied to minoritized languages, sheds light upon the way in which minoritized communities conduct their lives in less than optimal environments. Precisely for that reason, the theoretical framework for the study of minoritized languages has been constructed from different areas of knowledge, creating a situation in which "language" is just one of the elements. This collection of essays proposes to recover the centrality of bilingualism, biculturalism and bidialectalism in the understanding of the different social, cultural and political processes of historical and contemporary language justice. It provides relevant theoretical and practical frameworks on the latest studies in linguistic justice as applied to minoritized languages and linguistic varieties such as Korean in Los Angeles, USA, Arabic in Spain, or N獺huat in Central America. Analyzing the acquisition, maintenance and attrition of these languages both in digital and physical environments, the volume contributes to expanding our knowledge of the sociolinguistic, educational, political and social realities that occur in minoritized languages.
Trespassing Natures
Honorable Mention, 2025 Association for the Rhetoric of Science, Technology, and Medicine Book Award As old worlds become hostile and new spaces become hospitable, many species are shifting their ranges to live in locations where they have never previously existed. Biological and sociocultural realms collide and boundaries blur, making it increasingly difficult to mark definitively who belongs and who is a trespasser. In Trespassing Natures, Donnie Johnson Sackey troubles the idea of biological "invasion," turning our attention away from scientific considerations and toward the discursive and rhetorical dimensions of this term--offering a new paradigm that recasts this issue as a question of what it means to live in multi-species communities. Presenting case studies on bed bugs, bighead carp, feral cats, and mackerel, Sackey argues that the identification of a species as an invader is not merely a scientific act, but a cultural and political one. By questioning issues around space, identity, and the institutions that make human participation apparent, Sackey redirects focus away from the belief that a single species threatens space. Ultimately, Trespassing Natures asks us to expand our idea of community and question who has the right to space.
Critical Theory and Marital Quarrels
Based on concepts derived from critical theory, discourse analysis, speech act theory, and semiotics, Critical Theory and Marital Quarrels: Dynamics of Passionate Speech explores the modern regimes of knowledge surrounding marital conflict through a discursive analysis of the mechanics and dynamics of contentious speech.
The Women of Explosive Ordnance Disposal
This book analyzes women's military service in the U.S. Explosive Ordnance Disposal community. Through a rhetorical framework, the author analyzes the disparities between policy discourse and the lived experiences of individuals who these policies seek to regulate.
Equity in Multilingual Schools and Communities
A unique collection honoring Guadalupe Vald矇s' impact in the fields of bilingualism, language teaching and equity and access in education. This book honors the impactful contributions of Guadalupe Vald矇s toward equity in multilingual schools and communities. As one of the first language education scholars to examine the vibrant language practices of bilingual users in the US Southwest, her work marked a departure from traditional foreign language approaches and sparked a movement focused on valuing heritage languages and creating more equitable educational systems for young people from linguistically minoritized backgrounds. Influenced by the work of Professor Vald矇s, the contributors to this book draw on multiple aspects of her research to look at new ways of addressing equity and social justice for multilingual users in schools and communities. Chapters focus on three major areas of her work: the nature of languages and literacies in multilingual contexts, language development in classrooms and communities, and equity and access. At the end of each section, short interludes describe contributors' personal experiences of learning from and with Professor Vald矇s, providing insight into the practices of mentorship and professional development within the field. This volume will appeal to students and researchers across bilingualism, applied linguistics and education, offering an overview of developments in these fields and directions for future research on equity in multilingual educational settings.
Linguistics: An Introduction
What is Linguistics? How do languages work? Why is this important?Answering these questions and more, Linguistics: An Introduction covers all the key topics that you will need in your study of language and linguistics.
Intensifiers in Late Modern English
The development of intensifiers has long been identified as an area of vibrant change in Late Modern English. This groundbreaking book provides the first comprehensive study of intensifiers in this period, and shows how they have changed over time. It uses speech-based and interactive data from the Old Bailey courthouse in London, enriched by extralinguistic information in the Old Bailey Corpus, to investigate an unprecedented range of intensifiers, including downtoners, boosters, and maximizers. The courtroom acts as a social microcosm of the period, providing unique insights on gender, class, and courtroom roles, and their effects on language use. The usage of intensifiers is illuminated from a lexico-grammatical angle, focusing on their formal and semantic features, as well as those of the items they modify. These perspectives are linked to temporal developments from 1720 to 1913, to offer a complete picture of variation and change in the intensifier area.
Linguistic differences between Moroccan Arabic and Standard Arabic
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Orientalism / Sinology - Arabistic, grade: 18/20, Ibn Tofail University, language: English, abstract: Moroccan Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic share a considerable number of semantic, syntactic, morphological, and lexical features. However, these features have many differences. Moroccan Arabic is still considered as an inferior variety that cannot be promoted to all domains in comparison to MSA, while French is still considered as the prestigious one. This paper aims to describe and highlight the gap between Moroccan Arabic and Standard Arabic through focusing on linguistic differences. The aim of the current study is to highlight the linguistic differences between MA and SA. The results obtained from quantitative data analysis of the questionnaires distributed among 40 participants both males and females from different department of Ibn Tofail University. Moroccan Arabic, Daria (دارجة), reflects this rich cultural heritage. As a result, Moroccans are a poly-glottal people. As such, they try to accommodate for all guests in their own native language. They are also completely proficient and conversant in the other Arabic dialects. Depending on where you grow up in Morocco, you may speak Arabic, Tamazight, French, and Spanish from an early age. Many Moroccans switch between these languages within the same conversation or sentence. Moroccans use Darija for day-to-day interactions and French for official or government business. Many speak Tamazight (Berber) throughout the Riif and Sahara regions. You may see all three languages used on government buildings, street signs, and menus. Moroccan Arabic has three main variants: Northern (الشمالية), Eastern (الشرقية), and Western (السوسية). These variants are often influenced by whichever culture tends to dominate the area. That being said, French is ubiquitous throughout the country. Oftentimes, you will see French words used instead of their Arabic counterparts. The obj
I Want MASKIT!
From award-winning author Webilor Ediale, comes this fun easy-to-read family book on Biscuits. A book to teach your children about first words and sight words in a fun relatable way. Nome is an endearing toddler in the early stages of learning to speak. Her unique interpretation of words where everyday items like biscuits become "Maskit" in her adorable toddler language will make you laugh out loud. The unique and heartwarming narrative of this book is inspired by true events in the life of Ehinome, the daughter of the author. It celebrates the joys of parenting and the universal experience of witnessing a child's early discovery of language. It is a perfect blend of fun, humor, inspiration, and education, making it an invaluable addition to any family's collection. The book captures those precious moments when children, in their eagerness to communicate, create their own charming lexicon. I This book is perfect for: Boys and girls ages 0-5Teachers' preschool through Year 3.Parents and grandparents with little ones in their lives.Anyone parent or caregiver as the concept is familiar, genuine, relatable, and heartwarming.Anyone looking to teach children about first words, sight words, phonics, reading, vocabulary and spelling.Any child struggling with speech and in the early stages of communication.Children will love this book!It has fun, colorful and engaging illustrations.It's a fun, cute and relatable story.It has characters kids can relate to.Teachers, parents and other caregivers will love it too!It is beautiful and professionally done.It's a story that will support children/students experiencing communication challenges.It would help you create a positive classroom/home environment.It would teach kids all about first words, sight words, family, and love and help your children develop their vocabulary.It draws from real-life experiences that many parents and teachers will find both humorous and endearing.It captures those precious moments when children, in their eagerness to communicate, create their own charming lexicon.It would help support organizations and charities with their well-being and early learning initiatives.
Media Arabic Vocabulary 3
Media Arabic Vocabulary: Read the News in Arabic - Book 3 is an intermediate-level Arabic resource designed to help learners read authentic media coverage related to military affairs, religion and society, and weather and natural disasters. The book presents topical vocabulary supported by example sentences and realistic news-style texts, with full English translations and audio support.Topics coveredMilitary and ConflictReligion and SocietyWeather and Natural DisastersAll Arabic text is fully voweled to support pronunciation. The book emphasizes contextual understanding and observation-based learning rather than traditional exercises.
Breton in Contemporary Media
This monograph investigates questions around new speakers of Breton, their identities, attitudes, and motivations, and how these intersect with linguistic practices. Investigating post-traditional contexts, it uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches to probe stereotypes around the language and speakers encountered in these settings. Focusing on the lexis in a sample of Breton gathered from radio, online, and print media sources, and on interviews carried out with professional users of Breton, this work illustrates the wide range of backgrounds and practices within the contemporary Breton language community and shows how speakers use Breton to position themselves within this diverse setting.
Tracking Interaction in Chinese Scholars’ Academic Writing
English Nouns Since 1150
Morphological typology is usually limited to the realm of grammar. Accordingly, English is considered an analytic language due to its poor grammatical morphology - but what about the lexicon? Taking a twofold approach, this study investigates the typological development of English nouns since 1150. First, the focus is on the means used to extend the lexicon: Correlating the central noun formation processes as well as borrowing reveals, for the first time, their quantitative importance - with some surprising results. Second, the structure of the lexicon takes center stage: The morphological analysis of all nouns uncovers diachronic shifts - and striking parallels between grammar and lexicon.
Yagara Dictionary and Salvage Grammar
Most English speakers in Australia know a few words of Yagara, the Pama-Nyungan language traditionally spoken in the area that now includes Brisbane and Ipswich. For example, Australian English yakka 'work' comes from the Yagara verb yaga 'to work'. However, no fluent native speakers of Yagara remain. The current volume compares the written records of Yagara to facilitate revitalisation of the spoken language.Part 1: Grammar introduces the Yagara sources, which are then compared to extract a picture of Yagara's structure - its sounds, its words, and its grammar. Attention is also given to the system of kinship terms, moieties, and totems.Part 2: Dictionary contains the most complete Yagara-English dictionary to date, with over 2,200 entries, the original source spellings for each word, standardised spellings, and anthropological notes. Entries include traditional place names, fun insults, and everyday expressions such as the greeting wi balga 'Hey, come'. The dictionary is followed by an English word finder list.Part 3: Texts consist of full versions of all known texts in Yagara, including sentences, songs, and three Bible stories. Standardised versions are accompanied by English translations and the original unedited renditions.
Genusresolution bei mittelhochdeutsch beide
Bereits Jacob Grimm bemerkte im Band 2 seiner Geschichte der deutschen Sprache (1848), dass adjektivische Genuskongruenz mit gemischtgeschlechtlichem Personenbezug in den 瓣lteren Sprachstufen des Deutschen h瓣ufig das Neutrum aufweist. Askedal (1973) widmete diesem Thema eine ausf羹hrliche Studie auf Basis kritischer Editionen einer Handvoll alt- und mittelhochdeutscher literarischen Werke. Die Standardwerke zur historischen Grammatik des Deutschen beschr瓣nken sich bislang darauf, diese Regel undifferenziert nach grammatischem Kontext lediglich zu konstatieren. Die vorliegende Studie zeichnet das Ph瓣nomen der Gender Resolution (Corbett 1983) im Mittelhochdeutschen nach. Dies geschieht auf handschriftennaher Grundlage anhand der Gesch瓣ftsprosa der Urkunden des Corpus der altdeutschen Originalurkunden bis zum Jahr 1300 (Wilhelm et al. 1932-2004) sowie der erst seit wenigen Jahren verf羹gbaren Transkriptionen der Haupthandschriften aller drei Rezensionen der Kaiserchronik als literarischem Vergleichstext. Die Studie setzt sich zum Ziel, bestehendes Wissen 羹ber dieses grammatische Ph瓣nomen zu validieren und im Rahmen eines zeitgem瓣?en grammatiktheoretischen Modells zu reflektieren. Zu diesem Zweck wird systematisch Variation in der Kongruenzform des Quantors mittelhochdeutsch beide 'beide', der sich auf ein Referentenpaar bezieht, in den typischen Kontexten seines Auftretens hinsichtlich morphologischer, semantischer und syntaktischer Zusammenh瓣nge detailliert untersucht. Already Jacob Grimm noted in volume 2 of his Geschichte der deutschen Sprache (1848) that adjectival forms with reference to mixed-gender human groups often showed neuter agreement in the historical stages of German. Askedal (1973) as well dedicated an extensive study to this issue, based on critical editions of a handful of Old and Middle High German literary texts. Standard reference works on historical German grammar so far merely state the rule without further differentiation by grammatical context. T
Dialogue through Education Learning between Europe and China
This volume explores the potentials and perspectives upon educational diplomacy, promoting a better mutual understanding on the European and the Chinese traditions and their visions for the future. Together an essay competition was held from January to September 2023, which concluded with a symposium on the 23 rd of September. During this project young students and young professionals from Europe and China were invited to submit their essays on the following topics: -How will exchange programs develop in the future? -How can curiosity and enthusiasm for the other culture be awaken and strengthened? -What potential does educational diplomacy have? -What is the new approach to international and global education? The submissions of this unique academic project are collected in this publication, encompassing a wide range of authors from different interdisciplinary and intercultural backgrounds, coming from E urope and China This project was run in collaboration between the Institute for Greater Europe and the European Guanxi. Both are youth led think tanks run by young academics and young professionals from all over Europe and beyond. Meanwhile, the Institute for Greater Europe puts a focus on the role of the European Idea on the European continent and beyond, European Guanxi searches to foster a mutual understanding between Europe and China.
Applied Linguistics and Politics
In the current climate of extreme nationalism and fear-mongering, a new politics for a socially just world is needed more than ever. Featuring internationally-renowned scholars, Applied Linguistics and Politics explores how innovative theories, methodologies and pedagogies in applied linguistics can address the political challenges and issues arising in the 21st century. Adopting a Gramscian theoretical framework, the five parts of this volume focus on the various ways in which the political is discursively and materially realized in its dialogic co-constructions within the media, the economy, culture and identity, affect, and education. Examining the power instantiations of sociolinguistic and semiotic practices in society from a variety of critical perspectives, this book questions how applied linguists can respond to, and challenge, current discourses of issues such as militarism, nationalism, Islamophobia, sexism, racism and the free market, and suggests future directions for research. Making use of a range of methodologies from discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, semiotics and political science, Applied Linguistics and Politics demonstrates how linguistics can intervene in the political and help mobilize and organize for an economically and socially just society.
Morphosyntactic Development in Child Emirati Arabic
This book investigates selected aspects of the grammatical development of Emirati Arabic, the variety of Gulf Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates and closely related to the varieties spoken in the rest of the Gulf States. While the acquisition of Arabic as a second language has been widely studied, first language acquisition of different Arabic dialects has received much less attention. Ntelitheos addresses this disparity by presenting a number of systematic studies on the acquisition of Emirati Arabic grammar based on a two-year longitudinal corpus of six children. He discusses the acquisition of the nominal domain, including definiteness and possession; the acquisition of verbal functional structure and agreement; and the acquisition of word order and negation in the syntactic domain. In addition, he defines several developmental stages for Emirati Arabic, based on established diagnostic tests. The discussion is framed within a general survey of the relevant literature in Arabic acquisition studies and combines new empirical data with rigorous discussion of several long-standing theoretical problems in the broader field of child language development.
The Importance of Cultural Awareness in English and Arabic. A Challenge for the Translation Process
Academic Paper from the year 2011 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: D, course: Applied Lingustics, language: English, abstract: Translation is a multifaceted process that goes beyond language conversion; it involves understanding the cultural context of both the source and target languages. This paper aims to highlight the importance of cultural awareness in translation, particularly in the context of English and Arabic. It begins by acknowledging the strong link between language and culture, emphasizing that effective translation requires grasping cultural nuances alongside linguistic elements. The paper explores how cultural dimensions influence the translation process, recognizing the challenges posed by differences in social norms, historical references, and societal values between English and Arabic. It stresses the need for translators to not only be proficient in both languages but also possess a deep understanding of the respective cultures. Through a review of relevant literature, the paper aims to shed light on strategies for translating culturally bound expressions, terms, and idioms. It suggests two main approaches: domestication and foreignization. By emphasizing the significance of cultural awareness, this paper aims to provide translators with the necessary tools to navigate cultural differences and facilitate accurate communication across languages.
Lebanese Arabic Voices
This book provides listening and reading practice in Levantine Colloquial Arabic using spontaneous speech recorded by native Lebanese speakers. It focuses on real world language rather than scripted or simplified materials.36 spontaneous audio segments by native Lebanese Arabic speakersContributions from six speakers with varied backgroundsArabic script transcriptions with diacriticsDirect English translationsGuided listening and vocabulary exercisesLinguistic markers for fillers and rephrasingText divided into numbered lines for structured studyThe book is intended for intermediate and advanced learners of Levantine Arabic. Audio access is included for all segments.
Errors in the Use of English Articles Among EFL Students. A Moroccan Case Study
Case Study from the year 2019 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 18/20, Ibn Tofail University (Faculty of Arts and Humanities), language: English, abstract: In the realm of second language acquisition, the comprehension of challenges faced by learners, particularly concerning linguistic structures like articles in English, is paramount. This study is centered on the identification and analysis of errors made by EFL learners in utilizing the English article system, with a specific focus on tracing the origins of these errors. The significance of this investigation lies in its potential to illuminate the complexities inherent in the learning process and provide insights into effective teaching methods. By examining the errors made by forty EFL learners through a questionnaire test and utilizing the Surface Structure Taxonomy (SST) framework to categorize these errors, this research aims to classify errors into three main types: Addition, Omission, and Substitution. Additionally, it seeks to differentiate between interlingual errors, stemming from the influence of the learners' native language, Arabic, and intralingual errors, resulting from gaps or misconceptions in English article rules. Initial findings indicate that addition errors are the most common among EFL learners, followed by substitution errors, while omission errors are less frequent. Moreover, the analysis suggests a significant impact of Arabic language norms on the use of English articles by learners, with some errors originating from the negative transfer of Arabic article rules. Through this study, valuable insights are provided for educators to better understand the challenges faced by EFL learners in mastering the English article system. By addressing these challenges and offering recommendations based on the findings, a contribution is made to the improvement of language instruction methodologies and the facilitation of more effective language learning
Social Justice Through Pedagogies of Multiliteracies
Social Justice through Pedagogies of Multiliteracies explores the ways in which pedagogies of multiliteracies can be used to promote and achieve situated forms of social justice, especially for minoritized L2 learners.This edited collection focuses on pedagogies of multiliteracies that seek to develop and strengthen L2 learner identity and agency within and outside formal educational contexts in bilingual, multilingual, multimodal, community, language, and teacher education. The volume contextualizes agency and identity around questions, ideologies, and issues related to language, gender, sex, sexuality, body, race, and ethnicity. Contributions illustrate the design and implementation of pedagogies of multiliteracies through a diverse range of modalities and settings: linguistic landscapes, graphic novels, picturebooks, photovoice, text, and imagery through instructor- and student-developed materials. The volume acknowledges, enacts, and builds upon the responsibility of L2 educators to develop pedagogies of multiliteracies that reflect the life experiences, identities, and needs of minoritized L2 individuals in the curriculum in order to realize the social justice aim of L2 education.Social Justice through Pedagogies of Multiliteracies will be of interest to L2 researchers, teachers, and teacher educators.
The Language of Inequality in the News
Why in the early 1970s does The Times reject the idea of a national lottery, as rewarding luck not merit and effort, but warmly welcome one by the 1990s? Why in the 1970s do the Daily Mail's TV reviews address serious contemporary themes such as class- and race-relations, whereas forty years later they are largely concerned with celebrities, talent shows, and nostalgia? Why does the Conservative Chancellor in the 2010s mention 'Britain' so very often, when the Conservative Chancellor in the 1970s scarcely does at all? Covering news stories spanning fort-five years, Michael Toolan explores how wealth inequality has been presented in centre-right British newspapers, focusing on changes in the representation may have helped present-day inequality seem justifiable. Toolan employs corpus linguistic and critical discourse analytic methods to identify changing lexis and verbal patterns and gaps, all of which contribute to the way wealth inequality was represented in each of the decades from the 1970s to the present.
Narratives Online
Stories are shared by millions of people online every day. They post and re-post interactions as they re-tell and respond to large-scale mediated events. These stories are important as they can bring people together, or polarise them in opposing groups. Narratives Online explores this new genre - the shared story - and uses carefully chosen case-studies to illustrate the complex processes of sharing as they are shaped by four international social media contexts: Wikipedia, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Building on discourse analytic research, Ruth Page develops a new framework - 'Mediated Narrative Analysis' - to address the large scale, multimodal nature of online narratives, helping researchers interpret the micro- and macro-level politics that are played out in computer-mediated communication.
