The Hollow Parties
A major history from the Founding to our embittered present that "explains the void" (Politico) at the center of America's political partiesFeatured on The Ezra Klein Show and The Weekly Show with Jon Stewart America's political parties are hollow shells of what they could be, locked in a polarized struggle for power and unrooted as civic organizations. The Hollow Parties takes readers from the rise of mass party politics in the Jacksonian era through the years of Barack Obama and Donald Trump. Today's parties, at once overbearing and ineffectual, have emerged from the interplay of multiple party traditions that reach back to the Founding. Daniel Schlozman and Sam Rosenfeld paint unforgettable portraits of figures such as Martin Van Buren, whose pioneering Democrats invented the machinery of the mass political party, and Abraham Lincoln and other heroic Republicans of that party's first generation who stood up to the Slave Power. And they show how today's fractious party politics arose from the ashes of the New Deal order in the 1970s. Activists in the wake of the 1968 Democratic National Convention transformed presidential nominations but failed to lay the foundations for robust, movement-driven parties. Instead, modern American conservatism hollowed out the party system, deeming it a mere instrument for power. Party hollowness lies at the heart of our democratic discontents. With historical sweep and political acuity, The Hollow Parties offers powerful answers to pressing questions about how the nation's parties became so dysfunctional--and how they might yet realize their promise.
Domination and Mobilization
Examining the miraculous rise of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the surprising downfall of the Kuomintang (KMT) in the early twentieth century, Xiaobo L羹 reveals that domination and mobilization are key for authoritarian parties to seize state power, challenging the prevailing wisdom on power-sharing and emphasizing the importance of dominant party leaders for organizational strength and resource mobilization. L羹 convincingly argues that the CCP's mass mobilization infrastructure, initially seen as a disadvantage before the Sino-Japanese War, became a powerful asset during the war and led to its victory. The KMT's elite mobilization infrastructure, conversely, was decimated by the war, and its lack of a strong leader prevented a successful shift in party-building strategy. Party building subsequently played a pivotal role in shaping the successes and failures of resource mobilization for both parties. The book sheds new light on the origins of the CCP and the inner workings of revolutionary parties, making in a landmark study in Chinese politics.
Major Political Issues of the Jacksonian Period and the Development of Party Loyalty in Congress, 1830-1840
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-findd publication.
Political Correspondence of the Gladstone Era
This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Transformation of the British Liberal Party
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Joseph Eotvos and the Modernization of Hungary, 1840-1870
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Cosmic Harmony and Political Thinking in Early Stuart England
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Musical Dispatches from the Front - Yuendumu 2009-2025
This book is a compendium of 'Musical Dispatches from the Front'. These dispatches cover a wide range of subjects and riff on the irreconcilable contradictions between the Warlpiri world view and the government agencies that attempt to manage its manifestations. Just as in the 2023 referendum, a majority of Australian voters were persuaded that to give Aborigines the opportunity to have a say in matters that affected them was a bad idea, so too in 2007 Australian society was convinced "something had to be done" about alleged dysfunction and depravity in Northern Territory Aboriginal communities. In both instances these beliefs and preconceptions were exacerbated by politically motivated campaigns of lies and propaganda.In 2007 the Australian Federal Government set in motion the Northern Territory Emergency Response, the so-called Intervention. Starting with a military incursion into Mutitjulu, the Aboriginal community at the base of Uluru (Ayers Rock), the Intervention was quickly rolled out to 73 'Prescribed' communities. No Alcohol No Pornography signs festooned the countryside, army tents sprung up to carry out compulsory medical checks on Aboriginal children and NT Aborigines were subjected to 500 pages of stigmatizing legislation. The Intervention was the latest manifestation of the colonial imperative to conquer Aboriginal Australia. Yuendumu is at the front-line of this invasion. My refusal to remain silent in view of this police backed cultural ethnocidal onslaught prompted me to launch the Musical Dispatches from the Front into cyberspace.The dispatches chronicle the often farcical and mean-spirited bureaucratic barrage of the Intervention and its aftermath.Assimilation is ongoing, and so are the Musical Dispatches.Frank Baarda, Yuendumu, 2025.
Domination and Mobilization
Examining the miraculous rise of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the surprising downfall of the Kuomintang (KMT) in the early twentieth century, Xiaobo L羹 reveals that domination and mobilization are key for authoritarian parties to seize state power, challenging the prevailing wisdom on power-sharing and emphasizing the importance of dominant party leaders for organizational strength and resource mobilization. L羹 convincingly argues that the CCP's mass mobilization infrastructure, initially seen as a disadvantage before the Sino-Japanese War, became a powerful asset during the war and led to its victory. The KMT's elite mobilization infrastructure, conversely, was decimated by the war, and its lack of a strong leader prevented a successful shift in party-building strategy. Party building subsequently played a pivotal role in shaping the successes and failures of resource mobilization for both parties. The book sheds new light on the origins of the CCP and the inner workings of revolutionary parties, making in a landmark study in Chinese politics.
Backlash Presidents
How most presidents avoid upsetting the racial status quo--and why those who do pave the way for lawless, norm-violating successors When Barack Obama won the White House in 2008, becoming the nation's first Black president, the stage was set for Donald Trump's eventual rise to power. Backlash Presidents shows how, throughout American history, administrations that challenge the country's racial status quo are followed by presidents who deal in racially charged politics and presidential lawlessness, culminating in impeachment crises. In this incisive book, Julia Azari traces the connections between racially transformative presidents and their successors, examining the presidencies of Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon, and Obama and Trump. When he signed long-awaited civil rights legislation in 1964, Lyndon Johnson unleashed a perfect political storm that swept Nixon into the White House. Azari demonstrates how Nixon's rhetoric, relationship to Congress, and attitudes about executive power exhibit striking parallels with Andrew Johnson and Trump. She discusses how their actions are linked to race and racialized institutions--the Department of War during Reconstruction, the FBI during the Nixon years, and elections today--and looks at what happens after impeachment, describing how the rush to establish a new order perpetuates many of the same problems as the old. Challenging the conventional wisdom of about the role of norms in American democracy, Backlash Presidents reveals how normal presidential politics upholds unsustainable racial hierarchy that in turn gives rise to intense periods of instability.
Scientists, Politics, and the Rhetoric of Public Controversy
This book examines how scientists around the world embrace their responsibility as citizens, and how science is being used and abused by non-scientists in public spaces. As right-wing politicians, conspiracy theorists, and modern robber barons assault science in the current moment, it is time for the rhetoric of science to reconceptualize itself as a crisis/care discipline. The essays in this volume help us do that by scrutinizing particular cases of science activism, examining the public modalities of resistance that scientists are increasingly taking up as they modify their public engagement to fit evolving rhetorical situations. These essays also reveal how the authority of science is being distorted and exploited by non-experts in ways that are more dangerous than ever in the shadow of climate change and global pandemics. The book ends with a look at new possibilities for collaboration between local communities and scientists and a reflection on how a rhetorical conception of ethos can help us comprehend the negotiation of asymmetries between experts and laypeople in the current era.
U.S. Democracy in Danger
Historically, Donald Trump will be remembered as the first American president to be impeached twice and indicted. He fed the grotesque myth that the election was stolen and summoned his supporters to storm Congress on 6 January 2021 in a bid to thwart the certification of Joe Biden's U.S. presidential election victory. This volume vividly recounts the dramatic narrative of the January 6 Coup in America and how close we came to losing U.S. democracy. For anyone seeking a comprehensive and multidisciplinary global overview of democracy, an astute analysis of the forces that drive the dominance of the (neo)liberal paradigm of the last decades should look no further than this volume. Yet the volume takes the issue further by vigorously documenting the decline of the U.S. treaty process (America's dysfunctional diplomacy and the doctrine of unpredictability). There is an urgent need for a massive infusion of strategic support for democracy in the United States. Because come 2024or thereafter an unfinished work might drag American democracy to a dangerous inflection point. Trump (who has a complete hold on the Republican party, still has a stranglehold on the MAGA base no matter what he does, was instrumental to the breaking of U.S. diplomacy. Undermining the democratic legitimacy of International Law adversely affected U.S. foreign policy. Some federal and lower courts in the judiciary of the United States pose a real threat to Americans' democracy as well. To that end, when 'the principle of truth' loses its relevance and meaning as benchmarks for appraisals and decisions, and becomes a harmful tool for willful propaganda. Everybody should be worried about U.S. democracy. A "real" crisis is coming! U.S. Democracy is at a breaking point. Like a giant modern mirror standing behind democracy itself, this book is a citizen's guide to saving U.S. Democracy. Expertly drawn on global and regional examples and current literature, the volume closes agap in the multidisciplinary field. Quite useful as a valuable resource as it helps us understand the shifting Trump agenda in diverse areas. Essential reference across a range of subjects, bringing together contributions from scholars, and policymakers alike. This extraordinarily well-researched and practically crafted, culture-inclusive text could not be more relevant or timelier. It is a must for everyone. This volume will help to shape the political landscape of the 21st century and will remain a vital source of inspiration for modern-day scholars and political activists.
American Redemption
American Redemption: Extended Edition - A Government of the People, by the People, for the People is the culminating volume in a landmark trilogy on the future of the American republic. Where American Renewal was born out of crisis and American Restoration rebuilt a democracy that works, American Redemption begins with a harder question: What must democracy deliver-not just to survive, but to last another 250 years?This is not a book of critique. It is a blueprint for fulfillment: how to realize the six constitutional promises set forth in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution-to establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, secure the blessings of liberty, and form a more perfect union.Rather than treating these words as symbols or aspirations, American Redemption takes them as a governing standard-and asks what structures, protections, and reforms are required to meet them in practice. The result is an ambitious and practical agenda for democratic delivery: a clear, coherent plan to build the government the Constitution promises.Through eighteen outcome-driven reforms, organized into five strategic parts-A Nation That Cares for Its Own, A Nation That Educates and Elevates, A Nation That Is Safe, Just, and Free, A Nation That Belongs to Everyone, and A Nation That Builds for the Future-the book defines what a functional democracy must provide, and how to structure it to endure. From universal child care and fair taxation to voting rights, public media, environmental justice, and democratic architecture, American Redemption offers an integrated plan for long-term civic renewal.This Extended Edition includes over 150 pages of integrated Reader's Guides-designed to support study groups, classrooms, policy initiatives, and long-term civic planning. Each guide includes questions for reflection, principles for discussion, and pathways for action-turning every chapter into a resource for engagement. Whether used in solo reading or shared in community, these additions transform the book into a durable tool for rebuilding democracy from the ground up.American Redemption is not about ideology. It is about responsibility-the responsibility of a free people to claim, repair, and fulfill the promise of their own republic. Grounded in principle, driven by outcomes, and written to last, this book concludes a trilogy that began with survival and ends with a plan for permanence: a government that works, delivers, and holds.Whether you are a policymaker, teacher, student, veteran, organizer, or citizen determined to see democracy endure, this book is for you. American Redemption: Extended Edition offers more than a vision. It offers a way forward-and the tools to make it real.
The Near Assassination of Donald Trump
The Near Assassination of Donald Trump: Story of How and Why He Won the 2024 America Election On July 13, 2024, at 6:11 PM, a gunman's bullet missed Donald Trump's head by two inches. Eight seconds later, Trump rose from behind his podium, blood streaming down his face, and thrust his fist into the air shouting "Fight! Fight! Fight!" That moment-captured in one of the most iconic photographs in American political history-transformed a routine campaign rally into the turning point that returned Trump to the White House. This definitive account reveals how Trump's survival of not one but two assassination attempts became the most powerful campaign narrative in modern American politics. Drawing on exclusive interviews with campaign officials, Secret Service agents, rally attendees, and congressional investigators, the book traces Trump's extraordinary journey from assassination target to political legend to President of the United States. The story exposes stunning Secret Service failures, explores the divine providence narrative that energized millions of evangelical voters, and analyzes how authentic human drama under extreme circumstances reshaped electoral competition in ways that conventional campaigning never could. From the Butler Farm Show Grounds to bulletproof glass barriers at every subsequent rally, from Biden's sudden exit to Harris's meteoric rise, from conspiracy theories to congressional investigations-this is the complete story of how eight seconds of chaos became four years of presidential power. More than a campaign chronicle, this book examines the broader implications of Trump's survival for American democracy itself. How did assassination attempts become political assets rather than career-ending tragedies? What does it mean when voters interpret near-death experiences as evidence of divine election? And how will the precedents set in 2024 shape the future of American political competition? Based on thousands of pages of congressional testimony, FBI reports, and previously unreported details, The Near Assassination of Donald Trump provides the authoritative account of the most consequential moments in recent American political history-when the difference between death and democratic resurrection was measured in millimeters, and eight seconds changed everything. Essential reading for understanding how American politics entered a new era where survival became the ultimate campaign credential. GRAB YOUR COPY NOW!!!
Idiot-Proofing Democracy
The United States government has been warped by unlimited greed, brittle egos, and partisan justices. The existing system is too broken to fix piecemeal, so rewrite and restructure the Constitution. There are many special interest goals: End Citizen's United (corporate personhood). Protect women's healthcare rights. The Equal Rights Amendment. Protect the right to bear arms. Separation of church and state. LGBT rights. End the Electoral College. Marriage rights. Universal healthcare. Worker's rights to unionize. Fight voter suppression. Racial inequality and the death penalty. And many more. What if WE FIX THEM ALL AT ONCE? That's the goal here.Keep the three Branch structure. Force people to prove they are minimally qualified to serve in the position to which they have been elected or nominated, called "Fitness for Duty Assessments." Clarify critical human rights (legal personhood, bodily autonomy, etc.). Force simple Electoral District boundaries to limit gerrymandering. Ban automatic National Security clearances. Add term limits for Congress and the Supreme Court.It is time to push for unapologetic support for human rights and a democratic government that tolerates capitalism but moderates unabashed greed. Capitalism needs State intervention because capitalism has no moral center. Critical assumptions about fundamental human rights, core legal principles, and the role of the country in the world need to be stated explicitly to prevent corruption by antidemocratic forces.Here is a summary of the major changes: Term limits of 12 years for House, Senate, and Supreme Court. Require all high level Executive, Legislative, and Judicial candidates to meet basic mental and physical health standards, financial disclosure, and demonstrate a sound understanding of their role in government. Require earned National Security clearances for all Executive and Legislative candidates. No more automatic clearances. Constitutional right to bodily autonomy. Fix extreme gerrymandering by applying the six-boundary rule. Make House and Senate more fairly representative by having one House Representative per 800,000 people in a state, and one Senator for each 4 million people in a state. Change House term to three years, with half elected every three years. Keep senate at six-year term, also with half elected every three years. Ban corporate and special interest donations to Federal and State campaigns. No more PACs or dark money. Eliminate the electoral college. Ban laws based on marital status. Ban the death penalty and torture. Explicitly clarify separation of church and state, gun rights, presumption of innocence, and other critical legal concepts.Jennifer M. Booker, BS, MS, Ph.D., BSN, RN, is not a lawyer. She regards this as a bonus for rewriting the Constitution so it can be better understood by people who are also not lawyers. She has earned three engineering degrees (BS, MS, Ph.D.), worked extensively in the defense and aviation industries, was a professor of computing for two decades, and earned a nursing degree (BSN) and Registered Nurse license. She has done extensive studies of social sciences, including political science, psychology, and gender studies. Her website is jenbooker.com. This is Dr. Booker's second book. Her first book was The New Normal: Coming out as Transgender in Midlife (2019), also from The Unbound Press.
One Saturday in August
When poverty and frustration over critical relief sweep the land, enlightened sons and daughters spring into action to inspire hope. In the midst surges a military junta that claims to be an agent of hope. The resulting greed and brutality meted out cast a darkness that people will tell for many years to come. Through it all, Frederick Carl-Moses, Festus Barnes, Gideon Thunderman, Keyhole Williams, Verda Claytooth-Johnson, Odell Erikson, Ezra Allan Pool and a slew of other characters will strike a memorable chord.
American Redemption
American Redemption: A Government of the People, by the People, for the People is the culminating volume in a landmark trilogy on the future of American democracy. Building on American Renewal and American Restoration, this final book confronts the defining question of our time: Can a broken democracy be redeemed before it collapses beyond repair?In clear, forceful prose, American Redemption traces the full arc of democratic collapse and recovery-from the long corrosion of public trust to the rise of authoritarian power in the Trump era and beyond. But it is not merely a warning. It is a blueprint for democratic rebirth. Through five sweeping parts-Defense, Resistance, Restoration, Renewal, and Reinstitution-this volume lays out a comprehensive, integrated plan to defend constitutional government, rebuild what has been lost, and secure a future in which power serves the people, not the powerful.The book begins in crisis, with the urgent need to withstand Trump's second term, protect vulnerable communities, and prepare the ground for democratic recovery. It moves through the strategic work of resistance-exposing corruption, delaying harm, and building a new majority-before turning to the long work of restoration: fixing elections, limiting presidential power, restoring an independent judiciary, and rebuilding an informed public.But American Redemption goes further. It lays out an ambitious Renewal Agenda for the years ahead-eighteen outcome-driven reforms in care, education, justice, and belonging-that redefine what good government must deliver. And in its final section, the book steps back to consider what it means to reinstitute democracy for the next 250 years: to anchor our systems in law, dignity, and design-not just in reaction to crisis, but in preparation for peace.Each chapter is grounded in principle but focused on outcomes. From campaign finance to public health, judicial independence to cybersecurity, immigration policy to environmental justice, the book provides specific, credible paths toward a government worthy of public trust. It calls not for nostalgia, but for moral clarity and civic courage-and offers a vision of democracy as a living system, one that must be re-claimed by its people in every generation.American Redemption is not a partisan book. It is a patriotic one-written for citizens who believe the republic is worth saving and understand that democracy is not guaranteed. It is written for readers who are exhausted by crisis, but not yet defeated. Who still believe that the arc of the moral universe bends only when we bend it. And who are ready to help build what comes next.This is not a book about politics. It is a book about the people who will write the future. About those who defend the rule of law, who rebuild public systems, who restore trust, and who prepare a democracy that can last another 250 years. It is a call to service-not only for leaders, but for ordinary citizens with extraordinary commitment.Above all, American Redemption is a book of hope-not na簿ve hope, but determined, strategic, hard-won hope. It is the final installment in a trilogy that began with a question of survival and ends with a question of permanence. What will it take to build a democracy that holds? This book offers an answer-not only in words, but in plans.Whether you are an advocate, a policymaker, a teacher, a veteran, a student, or simply someone who refuses to give up, this book is for you. American Redemption invites you into the greatest civic project of the next century: not merely resisting authoritarianism, but replacing it with something stronger, fairer, and built to last.
Green Agriculture Transformable Innovations to Confront Climate Change
Trump And The Vegan Imperative
It's not just a book. It's what they don't want you to see - a forensic lens into a world we no longer understand. We're being told it's progress: cleaner energy, smarter AI, healthier food. Yet prices soar, surveillance intensifies, rules tighten, freedoms shrink, values erode, and public discomfort rises. Above it all, the ultra-wealthy grow richer. The divide deepens. Money flows upward - never down. They invest in rockets, bunkers, and bio-labs while the media tells us to tighten our belts and trust those in charge. But the signals don't add up, do they? This isn't a conspiracy theory - it's a pattern. Trump and the Vegan Imperative connects seemingly unrelated shifts - from financial deception and media manipulation to population control and engineered chaos - and asks one unsettling question: what if the future is being built - just not for all of us? This book doesn't tell you what to think. It shows you what they don't want you to see - before the door quietly closes and we're left behind.
Monopoly Politics
In Monopoly Politics, Erik Peinert provides a macro-historical explanation for why American and international markets are today monopolized by an ever-narrowing group of companies. Using original archival evidence from the United States and France, and borrowing insights from microeconomics, bureaucratic politics, sociology, psychology, and law, Peinert demonstrates how government policy towards competition and monopoly changes at key moments in the 20th century. Centrally, policy changes as a result of the interaction between staff turnover in policy circles and the diminishing returns to policy regimes. As policy regimes across different arenas such as antitrust, intellectual property, trade, and industrial policy push consistently either in favor of competition or monopoly, they generate diminishing returns. Unsustainably pushing for competition suppresses profits and destabilizes markets, whereas pushing to defend market power will raise prices, stifle innovation, and concentrate profits in stagnant monopolies. However, with policy regimes locked in by committed policymakers who have invested time, reputation, or the careers into implementing one approach to policy, government policy only changes through their replacement with non-committed officials willing to reconsider policy. Examining policy change in the United States and France over the 20th century, and leveraging tens of thousands of archival documents, Peinert traces new policy ideas or frameworks through each government, from the site of the original insight to final decision-making, showing the economic research, theories, and interests that motivated the policy discussions "in the room," and the key considerations influencing final policy choices.
Conservative at the Core
Conservative at the Core unpacks the history, rhetoric, and policies of the American conservative movement and probes the truth about what conservatism actually represents.Allan J. Lichtman investigates the foundations and history of conservative thought to identify and reveal the central crisis that lies at the heart of conservative principles and today's politics. He explores a century of American conservative politics to demonstrate that professed conservative principles--free enterprise, limited government, fiscal responsibility, states' rights, law and order, personal morality, and American sovereignty--are dispensable notions for public appeal only. Instead, conservatives have only consistently advanced their version of traditional Christian values and support for private (not free) enterprise.Lichtman provides a sweeping history of the American conservative movement from the end of World War I to the present day. He draws on leaders like Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, Donald J. Trump, and the conservative Democrats responsible for Jim Crow discrimination in the South. Contrary to those who have described Trump as a deviation from professed core principles, Conservative at the Core ultimately argues that Trump and his allies represent the culmination of the American conservative tradition, consistently upholding and fulfilling conservative nationalist values.
Beyond Borders
Beyond Borders: Global Citizenship in a Fragmented World is not a travelogue or political rant-it's a philosophical wake-up call for anyone who feels disoriented by rising nationalism, digital tribalism, and cultural division. In a world where borders are reasserted with barbed wire and identity is reduced to birthright, this book reimagines citizenship not as a passport privilege, but as a conscious moral stance rooted in global citizenship, planetary ethics, and radical empathy. Elira Van Noor guides readers through a transformative exploration of what it means to belong without borders. With insights drawn from moral philosophy, systems thinking, behavioural science, and real-life stories-from stateless migrants to digital nomads-the book deconstructs the myths of nationalism and challenges you to rethink loyalty, justice, and identity on a planetary scale. Designed to awaken both intellect and conscience, the book includes reflection prompts, thought experiments, and narrative exercises that deepen the reader's understanding of cosmopolitan responsibility and the emotional labour of global belonging. Whether you're an activist, educator, student, or simply a curious human grappling with our global crises, Beyond Borders offers an urgent and empowering blueprint to live as someone who doesn't just belong somewhere, but everywhere.
Political Economy
Political Economy, Volume 20, by Charles Stanton Devas, presents a comprehensive exploration of economic principles and their relationship to political structures. This volume delves into the historical context of economic thought, examining various economic systems and their impact on society. Devas offers insights into the intricate interplay between economic policies and political ideologies, making it an invaluable resource for students and scholars alike. Readers will appreciate the detailed analysis of classical economic theories and their evolution, providing a solid foundation for understanding contemporary economic challenges. This book remains relevant for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the foundations of modern political and economic thought.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
James Logan's "The Duties of Man as They May Be Deduced from Nature"
James Logan (1674-1751) of Philadelphia was a luminary with few equals in British America in the first half of the 18th century. He amassed the largest scholar's library in the colonies, wrote and published on botanical science and optics, was an accomplished mathematician and astronomer, and a master of languages ancient and modern. As the representative of the Penn family in the colony, he was enmeshed in Pennsylvania politics, holding several major positions, including Chief Justice. In 1734 Logan turned his creative drive to moral philosophy, He compiled six or seven chapters, but in the end could not finish his treatise, and they survived only in a manuscript which was found about 1969. This analysis gives Logan's effort new life.
Greek Philosophy
This work is a profound lyrical tapestry, a chronicle of the spirit tracing humanity's journey from the past into the future. It delves into the unseen chains of power and the intricate web of the economic system, revealing the primordial dance of capital, interest, and corruption that holds the souls of our time captive. From the first stirrings of human consciousness to the age of Artificial Intelligence, it dissects the very mechanisms of control. The work explores the audacious role of the invisible mind of AI, employed by rulers in their eternal dream to conquer space, a quest that mirrors humanity's deepest desires and fears. It is a quest for freedom, a study of discernment, and a search for virtue amidst the chaos of existence.
Interagency Coordination at Net Speed
The ultimate strategic objective of cyber operations is to ensure US freedom of action in cyberspace and to deny the enemy the same. To achieve this objective, the DOD is standing up CYBERCOM to lead, integrate and better coordinate the day-to-day defense, protection, and operation of DOD networks and conduct full spectrum cyberspace military operations. However, the DOD alone does not possess sufficient capacity for unilateral response; interagency coordination is necessary to synchronize instruments of national power and thereby apply unified action toward resolving cyber threats to our national security. Integrated cyber interagency coordination at the strategic, operational and tactical levels of war is needed in order to synchronize efforts of multiple federal agencies. At the operational level, the CYBERCOM commander should implement a Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG) to represent the civilian departments and agencies and achieve unity of effort in operational campaign planning.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Future Role and Need for Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century
Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century Lt Col Stearns-Boles is the Air Force Fellow at Los Alamos National Laboratory and a Senior Developmental Education student in the Air Force's Fellowship program assigned to Air University/CADRE. Key words: Nuclear deterrence Issue. The 2006 Quadrennial Defense Report (QDR) included a vision of tailored deterrence as a capability for enabling homeland defense. This verbiage, and the new deterrence doctrine it foreshadows, indicates a series of U.S. security policy changes regarding how the U.S. will handle its adversaries in the 21st century. Policy makers must realize tailored deterrence is the right doctrine for the new world environment, and a role for nuclear weapons exists within tailored deterrence. Background. Nuclear deterrence is still applicable in today's security environment because it contributes to world stability. Nuclear weapons and their proliferation continued after the end of the Cold War.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cyber Power in the 21st Century
Historically, the United States Congress has acknowledged that a separate branch of military service is required to exert supremacy over each of the recognized Domains of Operation. Throughout the evolution of modern warfare, leading minds in military theory have come to the conclusion that due to fundamental differences inherent in the theory and tactics that must be employed in order to successfully wage war within a domain's associated environment, a specialized force was needed - until now. With the recent inclusion of Cyberspace as an operational domain by the Department of Defense, the case should be made that it, too, is far too specialized an area to be rolled up into any or all of the current branches of service. This research investigated the concept of cyber power in the 21st century, what it means to wield it, and how this capability may be used to wage war. It argues that cyberspace as a domain should be treated no differently than the traditional warfighting domains: that it, too, is an arena where defense may best be secured by attacking the enemy, where battles occur for control of territory, where denial affects combat in other domains, and where political motives dictate the course of hostilities.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Political System of the Kingdom of Bahrain and its Foreign Policy Circles
This study describes the evolution of the Bahrain political system, and analyzes its different levels and how they work in concert to respond to critical issues and crises and guide Bahrain's foreign policy. This study proposes following hypothesis: Bahrain's current government and political system can provide the proportionate response to future internal or external crises and effectively manage international pressures, leading to an increased capacity of the Bahrain political system to generate tenable solutions for the long term protection of its people and interests. Social, economic, and other crises experienced by Bahrain during the 21st Century are not only the result of internal factors, but also of international and regional interactions, which have a direct impact on the 741 square kilometer country's ability to participate in regional approaches to crises.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The World as It Is
"The World as It Is" offers a penetrating glimpse into the societal and political landscapes of its time. Written with a sharp, critical eye, Buchanan provides a thought-provoking analysis of the prevailing norms, power structures, and inherent contradictions within the world order. This book serves as a valuable historical document, capturing the sentiments and intellectual debates of the late 19th century. Buchanan's incisive observations on social dynamics and political maneuvering remain relevant, inviting contemporary readers to reflect on the enduring challenges of building a just and equitable society.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Changing Constitution
In The Changing Constitution, Richard H. Fallon Jr. explores the constitutional law of the United States as reflected in decisions of the Supreme Court, including recent blockbusters. The author analyses controversial rulings addressing topics such as freedom of speech and religion, the Second Amendment right to bear arms, abortion, affirmative action, gay rights, and the powers and prerogatives of the President. Examining modern controversies from a historical perspective he argues that it's impossible to understand U.S. constitutional law without recognizing the political and institutional forces that always have brought, and will continue to bring, innovations and occasional reversals in constitutional doctrine. Fallon also highlights distinctive aspects of the current era, including the judicial philosophies of the sitting Justices. This intellectually sophisticated overview of constitutional law and Supreme Court practice additionally discusses anxieties about whether and how the Justices, who can overrule their own precedents, are meaningfully constrained by law.
The Golden Rule Republic No Utopia
"The Golden Rule Republic No Utopia", penned by William Henry Randall and originally published in 1908, explores themes of utopianism and social reform within the context of early 20th-century America. Randall delves into the concept of a society governed by the Golden Rule, examining its potential applications and challenges. This work offers insights into the social and political thought of the era, providing a historical perspective on utopian ideals and their relevance to American society. It remains a valuable resource for those interested in the history of utopian movements and the pursuit of a more just and equitable world.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Trainers, Guns and Money
In this article a joint author team analyzes U.S. security assistance programs to counter urgent and emergent threats. The authors recommend that Congress adopt a newly proposed Global Security Contingency Fund in parallel with the existing Global Train and Equip authority, known as the Section 1206 program. The highly constrained Section 1206 program allows the Defense Department, with State concurrence, to train partner militaries in counter terrorism and in stability operations in which the U.S. participates. The new Fund would build on Section 1206's model interagency approach to reach security forces under control of partners' ministries of interior, and focus longer term on justice sector and prison reform as well as other rule of law programs. The authors contend that employing the new Global Security Contingency Fund in parallel with Section 1206 provides the optimal solution for an agile and dependable whole-of-government approach to achieve long lasting security and keep our forces at home.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Women, Change, and Iran
The present state of tension between the United States and Iran signifies a failure of current and past diplomatic approaches to influence Iran. Curiously, the Islamic Revolution and the Iranian elections over the last decade indicate that support from Iranian women is essential to achieving domestic political objectives in Iran. It may be that women provide a path to influencing Iranian foreign policy. This study analyzed the Iranian government's policy toward women over the course of the past fifty years. The analysis sought to determine when and how women influenced changes in policy. Samuel P. Huntington's discussion of modernization in Political Order in Changing Societies provides a framework with which to asses the influence of women. Other authors such as Harold Lasswell and Abraham Kaplan in Power and Society: A Framework for Political Inquiry provide insight into the concept of influence and its assessment. When these frameworks are applied to Iran, it reveals a model that argues that traditional and modernizing forces shape the development of Iranian politics. Iranian politics can be seen as a set of circles of influence. Within these circles are the Supreme Leader, the Guardian Council, the Expediency Council, the Parliament, and the President. From time to time women have been able to enter these circles. Finally, the research reveals that modernizing women have had success achieving certain levels of power and influence within the domestic politics of Iran. However, further study failed to show a causal link between women and change. Women have had some success in influencing the politics of Iran through the mechanisms of state bureaucracy, mobilization of masses of people, and through other groups. All that said, the political bureaucracy of the Islamic Republic of Iran stifles anything more substantial than modest changes to policy and Iranian society.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Guatemala, its Economic, Political, Sociological and Military Aspects
This student paper gives a general picture of Guatemala, describing its characteristics such as its political, economic, sociological and military situation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Bargaining Theory and Building Strategies for Countering Armed Groups
The author believes that elements of bargaining theory and negotiation techniques typically used in economic and business are powerful tools in building strategies that will guide the use of force through the ebbs and flows of persistent conflict. His paper demonstrates that the theories and techniques of bargaining are not new to war, rather they are found throughout classic war theory in the writings of Sun Tzu, Thucydides, and Carl Von Clausewitz. He notes that in response to the increasing prevalence and potential of global instability caused by non-state armed groups, many scholars have turned away from these theorists and searched elsewhere for guidance on building strategies to counter armed groups.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Machiavelli
Explore the profound insights of Niccol簷 Machiavelli, the renowned Renaissance philosopher and political theorist, in this compelling volume. Delve into Machiavelli's groundbreaking ideas on power, statecraft, and the nature of leadership, as articulated in his seminal works. This edition offers readers a comprehensive understanding of Machiavelli's enduring influence on political thought and his relevance to contemporary society. Discover the timeless wisdom and controversial perspectives that have made Machiavelli a central figure in the study of politics and human behavior. Perfect for students, scholars, and anyone seeking to understand the dynamics of power.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Trainers, Guns and Money
In this article a joint author team analyzes U.S. security assistance programs to counter urgent and emergent threats. The authors recommend that Congress adopt a newly proposed Global Security Contingency Fund in parallel with the existing Global Train and Equip authority, known as the Section 1206 program. The highly constrained Section 1206 program allows the Defense Department, with State concurrence, to train partner militaries in counter terrorism and in stability operations in which the U.S. participates. The new Fund would build on Section 1206's model interagency approach to reach security forces under control of partners' ministries of interior, and focus longer term on justice sector and prison reform as well as other rule of law programs. The authors contend that employing the new Global Security Contingency Fund in parallel with Section 1206 provides the optimal solution for an agile and dependable whole-of-government approach to achieve long lasting security and keep our forces at home.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
U.S. Military Forces and Police Assistance in Stability Operations
Establishing an effective local police force is one of the most critical elements of successful counterinsurgency and stability operations, but is a task for which the U.S. government is poorly prepared and lacks capacity. This monograph retraces the recent history of U.S. foreign police training, from the well-coordinated effort by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) from 1961 to 1974, the U.S. congressional prohibition of the use of foreign assistance funds for police training which ended the USAID police training role in 1974, and the subsequent evolution of a patchwork approach to U.S. foreign police training involving up to 30 departments and agencies, a variety of private police contractors, and multiple fund appropriations. Despite this bureaucratic complexity, the key principles for developing effective local police in stability operations remain the same. There must be a distinction between stability policing and community based policing, with a transition from the former to the latter at the appropriate phase of stability operations. Normative standards are critical for effective community based policing, and must be established by shaping police organizational subculture in the context of local societal culture. This monograph explores the way ahead to achieve these goals for effective local police in stability operations in the current complex and challenging operational environment.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Erosion of Civilian Control of the Military in the United States Today
The Naval War College Review was established in 1948 and is a forum for discussion of public policy matters of interest to the maritime services. The forthright and candid views of the authors are presented for the professional education of the readers. Articles published are related to the academic and professional activities of the Naval War College. They are drawn from a wide variety of sources in order to inform, stimulate, and challenge readers, and to serve as a catalyst for new ideas. Articles are selected primarily on the basis of their intellectual and literary merits, timeliness, and usefulness and interest to a wide readership. The thoughts and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the U.S. Navy Department or the Naval War College.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Political System of the Kingdom of Bahrain and its Foreign Policy Circles
This study describes the evolution of the Bahrain political system, and analyzes its different levels and how they work in concert to respond to critical issues and crises and guide Bahrain's foreign policy. This study proposes following hypothesis: Bahrain's current government and political system can provide the proportionate response to future internal or external crises and effectively manage international pressures, leading to an increased capacity of the Bahrain political system to generate tenable solutions for the long term protection of its people and interests. Social, economic, and other crises experienced by Bahrain during the 21st Century are not only the result of internal factors, but also of international and regional interactions, which have a direct impact on the 741 square kilometer country's ability to participate in regional approaches to crises.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Case Study in Security Sector Reform
This paper provides a case study to help explain the SSR concepts that were recently formalized in U.S. Army Field Manual 3.07, "Stability Operations Doctrine." It provides insights into how the military interacts with host-nation governments, the United Nations, the State Department, and national embassies to solve today's complex problems. The author's experience revealed many pitfalls in security sector building and international team-building that we are trying to avoid today. The author points out the synergy that was lost because of a lack of coordination and understanding between government officials and nongovernmental organizations like aid groups, academia, and think tanks.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Unity of Effort in an Irregular Environment
The United States today finds itself in an era of persistent irregular conflict, the root cause of which may be illegitimate governance within failed or failing states. The resulting instability will likely require future U.S. military and civilian agency intervention to assist host nations to build capacity and maintain legitimacy in the eyes of their populations. Success in these irregular environments will require operating "grand strategically," integrating the effects of all elements of national power into one coherent strategy under the direction of a single leader. A combination of security concerns and a lack of expeditionary civilian capacity will require the military to assume responsibility for stability tasks better suited to civilian agencies. However, current laws mandate parallel civilian and military chains of command that separate de facto responsibilities from necessary authorities to direct the activities of all elements of statecraft toward the accomplishment of national security objectives. This separation makes it impossible to operate in a "grand strategic" manner as demanded by the character of irregular warfare. In order to improve unity of effort among USG departments and agencies conducting stability operations in a specific theater of action, the President should empower the military joint force commander to coordinate all aspects of the USG effort until the security environment and civilian capacity allow transition to civilian leadership.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Women, Change, and Iran
The present state of tension between the United States and Iran signifies a failure of current and past diplomatic approaches to influence Iran. Curiously, the Islamic Revolution and the Iranian elections over the last decade indicate that support from Iranian women is essential to achieving domestic political objectives in Iran. It may be that women provide a path to influencing Iranian foreign policy. This study analyzed the Iranian government's policy toward women over the course of the past fifty years. The analysis sought to determine when and how women influenced changes in policy. Samuel P. Huntington's discussion of modernization in Political Order in Changing Societies provides a framework with which to asses the influence of women. Other authors such as Harold Lasswell and Abraham Kaplan in Power and Society: A Framework for Political Inquiry provide insight into the concept of influence and its assessment. When these frameworks are applied to Iran, it reveals a model that argues that traditional and modernizing forces shape the development of Iranian politics. Iranian politics can be seen as a set of circles of influence. Within these circles are the Supreme Leader, the Guardian Council, the Expediency Council, the Parliament, and the President. From time to time women have been able to enter these circles. Finally, the research reveals that modernizing women have had success achieving certain levels of power and influence within the domestic politics of Iran. However, further study failed to show a causal link between women and change. Women have had some success in influencing the politics of Iran through the mechanisms of state bureaucracy, mobilization of masses of people, and through other groups. All that said, the political bureaucracy of the Islamic Republic of Iran stifles anything more substantial than modest changes to policy and Iranian society.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
