Life in Extreme Environments
From deep ocean trenches and the geographical poles to outer space, organisms can be found living in remarkably extreme conditions. This book provides a captivating account of these systems and their extraordinary inhabitants, 'extremophiles'. A diverse, multidisciplinary group of experts discuss responses and adaptations to change; biodiversity, bioenergetic processes, and biotic and abiotic interactions; polar environments; and life and habitability, including searching for biosignatures in the extraterrestrial environment. The editors emphasize that understanding these systems is important for increasing our knowledge and utilizing their potential, but this remains an understudied area. Given the threat to these environments and their biota caused by climate change and human impact, this timely book also addresses the urgency to document these systems. It will help graduate students and researchers in conservation, marine biology, evolutionary biology, environmental change and astrobiology better understand how life exists in these environments and their susceptibility or resilience to change.
Avian Malaria and Related Parasites in the Tropics
1 - Avian Haemosporida research in the Neotropics before the year 2000.- 2 - Phylogenetics and systematics in a nutshell.- 3 - Life cycle, taxonomy, and molecular biology of avian haemosporidian parasites, with a discussion of research techniques.- 4 - Introduction to the taxonomy of Diptera vectors of medical and veterinary importance in the tropics.- 5 - The ecology of Diptera vectors of avian haemosporidians in the tropics: with emphasis in the neotropical region.- 6 - Geographical distribution patterns of malaria and other haemosporida in the Neotropics: a review from a biogeographical perspective and ecological niche modelling.- 7 - Island biogeography of avian haemosporidians in the tropics: with emphasis on the neotropical region.- 8 - Altitudinal and latitudinal patterns of tropical avian haemosporidians.- 9 - An introduction to macroecology and ecological networks for antagonistic interactions.- 10 - Host specialization and dispersal in avian haemosporidians.- 11 - Cophylogenetic patterns and speciation.- 12 - Community ecology and network analysis of tropical avian haemosporidians.- 13 - An introduction to urban and landscape ecology.- 14 - Anthropic impacts on avian haemosporidians and their vectors.- 15 - The role of parasites in invasion biology16 - Avian migration as a mechanism of latitudinal parasite spread between tropical and temperate regions.- 17 - Experimental parasitology and ecoimmunology: concepts and opportunities.- 18 - Concluding remarks.
The Ecology of Everyday Things
Nature is all around us, in the beautiful but also in the unappealing and functional, and from the awe-inspiring to the mundane. It is vital that we learn to see the agency of the natural world in all things that make our lives possible, comfortable and profitable. The Ecology of Everyday Things pulls back the veil of our familiarity on a range of 'everyday things' that surround us, and which we perhaps take too much for granted. This key into the magic world of the everyday can enable us to take better account of our common natural inheritance.Professor James Longhurst, Assistant Vice Chancellor, University of the West of England (UWE Bristol)For many people, ecosystems may be a remote concept, yet we eat, drink, breathe and interface with them in every moment of our lives. In this engaging textbook, ecosystems scientist Dr. Mark Everard considers a diversity of 'everyday things', including fascinating facts about their ecological origins: from the tea we drink, to the things we wear, read and enjoy, to the ecology of communities and space flight, and the important roles played by germs and 'unappealing creatures' such as slugs and wasps.In today's society, we are so umbilically connected to ecosystems that we fail to notice them, and this oversight blinds us to the unsustainability of everyday life and the industries and policy environment that supports it. The Ecology of Everyday Things takes the reader on an enlightening, fascinating voyage of discovery, all the while soundly rooted in robust science. It will stimulate awareness about how connected we all are to the natural world and its processes, and how important it is to learn to better treat our environment. Ideal for use in undergraduate- and school-level teaching, it will also interest, educate, engage and enthuse a wide range of less technical audiences.
Marine Coastal Ecosystems Modelling and Conservation
SECTION I. Natural and human environment of coastal ecosystems.- Chapter 1. Ecological modelling and conservation on the coasts of Mexico.- Chapter 2. SE Pacific: the ecosystem and its use along the Chilean and Peruvian coast.- SECTION II. Marine ecosystem models in the South East Pacific coast.- Chapter 3. Modelling the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem; from winds to predators.- Chapter 4. Marine ecosystem models in the South Pacific coast.- Chapter 5. Keystone Species Complexes and macroscopic properties for improving ecosystem-based conservation practices in kelp forest along the north-central Chilean coast.- Chapter 6. Exploring alternative management policies for benthic ecological systems of northern Chile (SE Pacific).- SECTION III. Central Pacific, Caribbean and Atlantic coastal ecosystem models.- Chapter 7. How much biomass must remain at the sea after fishing to conserve ecosystem.- functioning? The case of the Monterey sardine in the Gulf of California, Mexico.- Chapter 8. Dynamic and spatial model of the coral reef of Banco Chinchorro Biosphere Reserve (Caribbean Sea) for assessment harvest scenarios: short-term responses.- Chapter 9. Ecological role of sharks assessed by Ecopath models.- SECTION IV. System-based conservation and management: conclusions.- Chapter 10. Graph theory in food webs: uses and applications for conservation of marine ecosystems.- Chapter 11. Modelling aim the conservation of coastal marine ecosystem in Latin America.
The Seine River Basin
Trajectories of the Seine River Basin.- The evolution of the Seine basin water bodies through historical maps.- Pluri-annual water budget on the Seine basin: past, current and future trends.- The Seine watershed water-agro-food system: long-term trajectories of C, N, P metabolism.- Past and future trajectories of human excreta management systems - the case of Paris 19th-21st centuries.- How agricultural practices should be integrated to understand and simulate long-term pesticide contamination in the Seine River basin?.- Mass balance of PAHs at the scale of the Seine River basin.- Ecological functioning of the Seine River: from long term modelling approaches to high frequency data analysis.- Aquatic organic matter in the Seine basin: sources, spatio-temporal variability, impact of urban discharges and influence on micro-pollutant speciation.- Experience gained from ecotoxicological studies in the Seine River and its drainage basin over the last decade: applicative examples and research perspectives.- Sedimentary archives reveal the concealed history of micropollutant contamination in the Seine River basin.- Changes in fish communities of the Seine Basin over a long-term perspective.- Bathing activities and microbiological water quality in the Paris area: a long-term perspective.- Contaminants of emerging concern in the Seine River basin: overview of recent research.- River basin vision: tools and approaches, from yesterday to tomorrow.
Faszination Meeresforschung
Ein umfassender Blick auf die MeeresforschungKomplett aktualisiert und v繹llig neu bearbeitetAnschaulich und spannend dargestellt und illustriert
Ecology and Conservation of Tropical Ungulates in Latin America
This book brings together the latest information on tropical ungulates in different Latin American countries. These animals are not only important from the point of view of their role in different ecosystems, but also have cultural value for people. The book also discusses topics such as habitat transformation and hunting as these species are an important source of food in many places. Addressing ungulate natural communities in diverse ecosystems and countries, the book provides information on specific aspects of each of the most representative species, and highlights topics to help readers better understand these species and develop effective management and conservation strategies. The information presented also reveals the need for more knowledge and will hopefully provide the incentive for continued studies on this important group of animals. This publication serves as a reference for academic research on ungulate ecology, behavior and dynamics, as well as the basis for conservationstrategies.
Subtropical Mountain Forests of Las Yungas: Vegetation and Bioclimate
The vegetation addressed in this book is, biologically, one of the most diverse on Earth, with many characteristic taxa offering refuge and food sources for many resident and migratory animals. Yet the forests of Las Yungas remain poorly known from a floristic and vegetation point of view. This book seeks to fill that gap by studying the distribution of forest along an altitudinal but also a bioclimatic gradient. The richness in species demonstrates that these forests are substantially more diverse than other subtropical mountain woodlands. 103 diagnostic (characteristic or indicator) species were selected, of which 29 are dominant, 67 are exclusive, selective, preferential or differential, and 7 are stenoic. In addition, 13 communities were identified and characterized. These forests can be attributed to the Bolivian-Tucuman biogeographical province (South-Andean Region, Neotropical Sub-Kingdom). They are seasonal, semi-deciduous or evergreen micro- and mesowoodlands growing on foothills, hillsides, ravines, gorges and the edges of mountain ranges (terrestrial communities), as well as river terraces and beaches (riparian communities). Thanks to the range of new findings, the content presented here will benefit experts in related fields such as geographers, ecologists and botanists, but also teachers, nature guides, those involved in the management of forest or conservation areas, and policymakers.
Brics and Mics: Implications for Global Agrarian Transformation
The economic and political rise of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), and powerful middle-income countries (MICs) such as Argentina, Indonesia and Turkey, has far-reaching implications for global agrarian transformation. These countries are key sites of agricultural commodity production, distribution, circulation and consumption and are contributing to major shifts in the character of agro-food systems. This comprehensive collection explores these issues through the lens of critical agrarian studies, which examine fundamental social change in, and in relation to, rural worlds. The authors explore key themes such as the processes of agrarian change associated with individual countries within the grouping, the role and impact of BRICS countries within their respective regions, the role of other MICs within these regions and the rising importance of MICs within global and regional agro-food systems. The book encompasses a wide variety of case studies, including the expansion of South African agrarian capital within Africa; Brazil as a regional agro-food power and its complex relationship with China, which has been investing heavily in Brazil; the role of BRICS and MICs in Bolivia's soy complex; crop booms within China; China's role in land deals in Southeast Asia; and Vietnamese investment in Cambodia.This book will be of interest to students and researchers of critical agrarian studies, with a focus on BRICS and MICs. It was originally published as a special issue of the journal Globalizations.
Contemporary Environmental Issues and Challenges in Era of Climate Change
Over the last few decades, unprecedented global population growth has led to increased demand for food and shelter. At the same time, extraction of natural resources beyond the Earth's resilience capacity has had a devastating effect on ecosystems and environmental health. Furthermore, climate change is having a significant impact in a number of areas, including the global hydrological cycle, ecosystem functioning, coastal vulnerability, forest ecology, food security, and agricultural sustainability. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), only immediate and sustained action will prevent climate change causing irreversible and potentially catastrophic damage to our environment. This book presents various scientific views and concepts, research, reviews, and case studies on contemporary environmental issues in changing climate scenarios and highlights different adaptation measures. Increasing awareness of modern-day patterns of climate change, it addresses questions often raised by environmental scientists, researchers, policymakers and general readers.
Datenanalyse F羹r Naturwissenschaftler, Mediziner Und Ingenieure
Dieses Buch bietet Ihnen eine verst瓣ndlich vermittelte Ausgangsbasis f羹r die praktische Anwendung datenanalytischer Methoden, die sinnvolle Interpretation von Daten und die Ableitung von Informationen. Dabei setzt dieses Buch anstelle langer mathematischer Herleitungen und Beweise auf konkrete Beispiele, die jeweils Schritt f羹r Schritt nachvollzogen werden. Die ausgew瓣hlten Beispieldaten werden mit Hilfe von Excel analysiert und das Erlernte kann anhand von ?bungsaufgaben 羹berpr羹ft werden. Zus瓣tzlich k繹nnen Sie in Onlinevideos die Rechenschritte nachvollziehen und parallel in Excel mitrechnen. Damit liefert Ihnen dieses Buch nicht nur das f羹r die wissenschaftliche Praxis notwendige Basiswissen der Datenanalyse, sondern bietet gleicherma?en das Fundament f羹r einen souver瓣nen Umgang mit den entsprechenden Instrumenten. Dieses Buch unterst羹tzt somit Naturwissenschaftler, Mediziner und Ingenieure in Studium und Praxis und bietet einen leichten Einstieg in die statistische Datenanalyse undihre Anwendung in Excel.
Agri-Food and Forestry Sectors for Sustainable Development
Greener Purchasing
Every organization, public and private, no matter what its size, purchases goods and services. Large organizations also have considerable influence over the practices of their suppliers. As greener purchasing practices have become more common in large organisations, the implications for companies in the supply chain have similarly increased. Yet greener purchasing policies remain the exception rather than the norm in large organizations. Why is this? And how can environmental purchasing practices that have produced tangible business benefits for a number of companies worldwide receive wider take-up? Greener Purchasing: Opportunities and Innovations has been published to facilitate the development and dissemination of best practice in environmental supply chain and procurement management worldwide. Divided into four sections, covering "The Public Sector", "The Private Sector", "Innovations" and "Case Studies", this book brings together international expertise from four continents, including contributions from organisations such as the US EPA, Environment Canada, Procter & Gamble, Xerox and The Body Shop, as well as describing burgeoning new initiatives such as the Japanese and European Green Purchasing Networks. It provides a number of checklists and examples on how to establish and maintain successful greener purchasing and supply chain practices in order to bring not only environmental, but business value to organisations of all sizes. The book is essential reading for purchasing officers, environmental managers, CEOs, consultants, academics and students interested in the topic around the world.
Biotechnology for the Treatment of Hazardous Waste
The development of biologically based processes for the treatment of hazardous inorganic and organic wastes is a multi-disciplinary effort requiring the consideration of a number of biological, chemical, and physical parameters, as well as the effective teaming of biologists, chemists, engineers, and regulatory agencies. This new text/reference bridges the disciplines in a unique way, allowing an exchange of fundamental information to take place. The book begins with a description of the biological transformations of inorganic and organic compounds and a review of strategies that may be used for the treatment of hazardous wastes. It continues with a discussion of the physiological and engineering factors that must be considered for successful process development and concludes with a discussion of the regulations that have influenced biological waste treatment and environmental remediation.
Urban Health and Wellbeing
This book focuses on interdisciplinary issues of human health in the changing urban environments of India's largest megacities--Delhi and Mumbai. The authors explore human health concerns related to increased temperatures and air pollution in these cities in a study based on primary data collected through interviews, as well as secondary data on causes of mortality from 2001 to 2012. During this period, the surface temperatures for both megacities were mapped using Landsat Images.The rapidly increasing populations of cities and urban centers alter ecosystem services such as water, air and land cover, with disastrous impacts on health and wellbeing, particularly in megacities. In 2015, polluted air was estimated to have been responsible for 6.4 million deaths worldwide, and it is projected that it will cause between 6 and 9 million deaths per year by 2060. In 2017, outdoor air pollution resulted in 1.2 million deaths in India and brought about a 3% loss in GDP. The increase in population, vehicles, and industries has led to changes in land use and land cover and a rise in city temperatures and air pollution, creating urban heat islands (UHIs). Together, UHIs and air pollution have damaging impacts on human health that range from stress and headache to asthma, bronchitis, and chronic diseases, and even to death.Delhi has been experiencing emergency conditions in terms of environmental health over the past two years. At the same time, both the Delhi and Mumbai urban agglomerations are growing at a rapid pace, and the United Nations has projected that they will be the second and third most populous cities in the world by 2025. In this context, the book offers significant insights into the past patterns and responses to the present global urban health emergencies, and explores sustainable means of combating the problem to enable college and university researchers to develop innovative solutions. Further. It presents trans-disciplinary research thatcuts across the WHO Action Plan, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Habitat III to help policymakers gain a better understanding of the global challenges of urban health and wellbeing. The book is especially useful for students and researchers in geography, urban demography, urban studies, environmental studies, health sciences, and policy studies.
Circular Economy and Fly Ash Management
Handling and Utilization of Fly Ash from Thermal Power Plants.- Scope of Fly ash Application as a Replacement for Chemical Pesticides for Pest Control in Certain Crop Pockets of Neyveli and Virudhachalam Regions in Tamil Nadu.- Fly Ash and its Utilisation in Agriculture: Constraints and Opportunities.- Carbon and Nutrient Sequestration Potential of Coal Based Fly Ash Zeolites.- Pesticidal Activity and Future Scenario of Fly ash Dust and Fly ash Based Herbal Pesticides in Agriculture, Household, Poultry and Grains in Storage.- Synthesis, Quality Assay and Assessment of Fly Ash Based Chemical Pesticides for Efficacy against Pests of Crops, Stored Commodities and in Urban Areas.- Potential and Futuristic of Fly Ash Nano-Particle Technology in Pest Control in Agriculture and Synthesis of Chemical and Herbal Insecticides Formulations.- Behaviour of Fly Ash Concrete at High Temperatures.- Effect of Fly Ash on Strength of Concrete.- Potential of Silica Sources Including Fly Ash as Green Technology Inputs To Induce Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crop Plants: Overview.- Fly ash as a source of Silicon for Mitigating Biotic Stress and improving yield and changes in Biochemical Constituents and Silicon in Rice under Abiotic Stress.- Effective Utilization of Industrial Waste (Fly Ash) for Vermicompost Production by employing Eisenia Fetida.
A Nexus Approach for Sustainable Development
This book explores how integrated management of environmental resources via a nexus approach can help in achieving the respective Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It provides conceptual considerations but mainly practical examples on how to implement a nexus approach in cities and multifunctional land-use systems to increase resource use efficiency and develop a low carbon economy. After sketching out the background and conceptual outline, contributions to the book explore key aspects of the nexus implementation. Specifically, they - Demonstrate how to sustainably use organic waste and wastewater for agriculture, - Explore examples on how to manage multifunctional land-use systems including multipurpose reservoirs, - Highlight the importance of economic incentives for successful nexus implementation, and - Provide a comprehensive perspective on challenges and opportunities of implementation, considering peer-to-peer learning, indigenous knowledge, and stakeholder participation. The chapters in this book shed a new light on key aspects of the interrelation between SDGs and the nexus approach in resilient cities and multifunctional land-use systems, and provide specific examples on how to advance sustainable resources management.
Gentopia, das gelobte Land
Das vorliegende Buch ist eine aufschlussreiche und informative Lekt羹re, die den Leser aufr羹tteln will. Die Autorin hebt in verst瓣ndlicher und fundierter Weise die beunruhigenden Ergebnisse und die "unbeabsichtigten Folgen" einer wissenschaftlichen Elite hervor, die sich auf ihre eigenen Interessen konzentriert, ohne zuk羹nftige Konsequenzen zu ber羹cksichtigen. Wer sind diese Wissenschaftler mit ihrer "sch繹nen neuen Welt"? Was versprechen sie uns und wie analysieren sie ihre Forschung? Vor allem aber: Was antworten wir denen, die deren Arbeit blind unterst羹tzen? Wie sind wir 羹berhaupt dazu gekommen, unseren Planeten derart zu entstellen, dass viele vor den schwerwiegenden Wirkungen genetischer Manipulationen warnen? Beginnen wir folglich bald damit, einen GMO-Menschen zu z羹chten, dessen Nachkommen im Labor in einer k羹nstlichen Geb瓣rmutter ausgetragen werden? Doch sollten wir uns nicht erst einmal darauf besinnen, eine verantwortungsbewusste Forschung zu betreiben, die mehr auf die Umweltgesundheit als auf Profit Wert legt, bevor wir in unserem "Machbarkeitswahn" hochtrabende Pl瓣ne hegen? Selbst wenn der Mensch in der Lage w瓣re, sich selber zu "erschaffen", muss er dennoch fr羹her oder sp瓣ter einsehen, dass er bereits zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt ein Desaster heraufbeschworen hat. Die Bioethik kann schon lange nicht mehr mit unserer Biotechnologie mithalten - und so ist uns eine kontrollierende Instanz abhanden gekommen. Ja, selbst einen allwissenden Sch繹pfer, der die F瓣den in der Hand h瓣lt, haben wir fr羹h genug ausgeschaltet. Zumindest leiten wir damit das Ende der einzigartigen Sonderstellung des Menschen bzw. der humanen Exklusivit瓣t ein. Das Anliegen dieses Buches ist es, Laien einen ?berblick 羹ber die zurzeit am meisten diskutierten biotechnologischen Errungenschaften zu vermitteln. In einer lockeren Art und doch mit dem n繹tigen Fachwissen greift die Autorin auch in diesem Buch umstrittene Themen auf, die sie uns in einer unkomplizierten Weise nahe bringt. Sie verwandelt ein eher trocken wirkendes Thema in ein spannendes und unterhaltsames Lese-Ereignis, das Perspektiven in zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen und bioethischen Kontroversen aufzeigt.
Umweltgerechtigkeit: Wissens- Und Bildungserwerb, Teilhabe Und Arbeit
Ausgehend vom Konzept des "Sozialen Raumes", der im ganzheitlichen Begriff der Umwelt verankert ist, stellen sich Fragen nach dem Einfluss sozialer R瓣ume auf den Menschen. Welchen Einfluss haben Lern- und Arbeitsumwelt? Wie ist es mit Chancengleichheit des Einzelnen und seiner Teilhabe bestellt? Wie h瓣ngen Wissen und Bildung zusammen? Nicht jeder, der viel wei?, ist auch gebildet. Welche Bedeutung hat die antizipatorische Bildung in der Familie und welche der Arbeits-, Lern- und Lebensumwelt? Fragen, die zweifelsohne mit sozio繹konomischen Bedingungen eng zusammenh瓣ngen. Aber ist das ausschlie?lich darauf zu reduzieren? Wie wird die Zukunft der Arbeitswelt als Wissenswelt und damit deren Einfluss auf den Einzelnen aussehen? Welche Kompetenzen werden erforderlich sein f羹r diese neue Arbeitswelt und wer wird sie vermitteln? Welche Bildungsinhalte werden deren soziale R瓣ume vermitteln und mit welchem Ziel? Wenn Wissen zur Ware wird und damit beliebig, wer 羹bernimmt dann die Verantwortung f羹r dessen Vergegenst瓣ndlichung als Produkt?
Dryland Ecohydrology
By combining the analysis of biotic and abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystems, this book synthesizes material on arid and semiarid landscapes, which was previously scattered among various books and journal articles. It focuses on water-limited ecosystems, which are highly sensitive to fluctuations in hydrologic conditions and, in turn, play an important role in affecting the regional water cycle. Intended as a tool for scientists working in the area of the earth and environmental sciences, this book presents the basic principles of eco-hydrology as well as a broad spectrum of topics and advances in this research field. Written by authors with diverse areas of expertise who work in arid areas around the world, the contributions describe the various interactions between the biological and physical dynamics in dryland ecosystems, ranging from basic processes in the soil-vegetation-climate system, to landscape-scale hydrologic and geomorphic processes, ecohydrologic controls on soil nutrient dynamics, and multiscale analyses of disturbances and patterns
Lead in Plants and the Environment
This book examines the way that lead enters the biosphere and the subsequent environmental impact. The contributing authors include international experts who provide methods for assessing and characterizing the ecological risk of lead contamination of soil and plants. Information is provided on the consequences for human health as a result of lead pollution. This book reveals that approximately 98% of stable lead in the atmosphere originates from human activities.Lead in Plants and the Environment reports on methods for detecting, measuring, and assessing the concentration of lead in plants. The authors provide a method for the measurement of 210Pb isotopes in plants. This method can be applied extensively in different environmental settings, not only as a way of revealing sources of lead, but also as a way to monitor lead transport in plants and animals that ingest them.The chapters include coverage on the following topics: - Lead bioavailability in the environment and its exposure and effects- Radioanalytical methods for detecting and identifying trace concentrations of lead in the environment- Lead contamination and its dynamics in soil plant systems- Lead pollution monitoring and remediation through terrestrial plants in mesocosm constructed wetlands- A review of phytoremediation of leadThis book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals doing field work on lead contamination throughout the world.
Covid-19 Analisi epidemiologica e studio della pandemia
La pandemia di Covid-19 ha rappresentato e rappresenta tutt'ora un evento di proporzioni mondiali, catastrofico e surreale. E' la prima met? del mese di dicembre 2019 quando le autorit? cinesi riportano i primi casi di pazienti affetti da una sindrome di polmonite nuova e sconosciuta. La trattazione che segue indaga sotto la grande lente di ingrandimento degli studi epidemiologici le pi羅 rilevanti notizie scientifiche, attraversando tappa per tappa le cronache e gli eventi che hanno segnato la vita di milioni di persone nel mondo.
Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management
This reference presents reviews and case studies of hazardous waste management in a selection of cities. The overarching themes of the compiled topics include 1) the problems of healthcare waste management, 2) case studies of hazardous waste mismanagement, 3) health risks associated with environmental waste, issues in environmental health and 4) grassroots environmentalism.The volume initially presents reviews and case studies from developing countries, including countries in South America (Argentina), Africa (Algeria and Nigeria), and Asia (India). The latter chapters of the book focus on environmental issues in Campania, a region in Italy. These chapters also provide an insight into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on waste management practices in this region.Risks and Challenges of Hazardous Waste Management is an insightful reference for management trainees, professionals and researchers associated with waste management and environmental health firms. Readers will gain insights into current issues and practices in the respective industries. The reviews and case studies presented in the reference are also useful to professionals involved in risk assessment studies.
Game Theory in Biology
The principles of game theory apply to a wide range of topics in biology. This book presents the central concepts in evolutionary game theory and provides an authoritative and up-to-date account. The focus is on concepts that are important for biologists in their attempts to explain observations. This strong connection between concepts and applications is a recurrent theme throughout the book which incorporates recent and traditional ideas from animal psychology, neuroscience, and machine learning that provide a mechanistic basis for behaviours shown by players of a game. The approaches taken to modelling games often rest on idealized and unrealistic assumptions whose limitations and consequences are not always appreciated. The authors provide a novel reassessment of the field, highlighting how to overcome limitations and identifying future directions. Game Theory in Biology is an advanced textbook suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology. It will also be of relevance to a broader interdisciplinary audience including psychologists and neuroscientists.
Reisenotizen
Ein Buch f羹r neugierige Leser. Geschildert werden im Laufe von 60 Jahren angeh瓣ufte Erlebnisse des forschenden Autors auf allen Kontinenten und dadurch ausgel繹ste Nachgedanken 羹ber die Fortpflanzung der Lebewesen, kulturelle Praktiken, kuriose Traditionen, gepflegte Irrt羹mer und unzumutbare Glaubensinhalte. Jede harmonies羹chtige Weltanschauung kontrastiert mit der auf Konkurrenz und Konflikt angelegten Sch繹pfung und f羹hrt zu negativ nachhaltigem technischem und religi繹sem Missionieren. Stimmt es, dass der Mensch aus Erfahrung lernt?
Emerging Technologies for Waste Valorization and Environmental Protection
This book features carefully selected articles on emerging technologies for waste valorization and environmental protection. The term "waste valorization" is used particularly in engineering, economics, technology, business, environmental and policy literature to refer to any unit operation or collection of operations targeted at reusing, recycling, composting or converting wastes into useful products or energy sources without harming the environment. The book discusses the rudimentary concept, and describes a range of emerging technologies in the field, including nano, fuel-cell and membrane technologies, as well as membrane bioreactors. It also examines in detail essential and common processes in waste valorization, such as rigorous chemical engineering applications, mathematical modeling and other trans-disciplinary approaches. The chapters present high-quality research papers from the IconSWM 2018 conference.
Prepared for Evolving Threats: The Role of Behavioural Sciences in Law Enforcement and Public Safety - Selected Essays from the Asian Conference of Criminal and Operations Psychology 2019
This book is a collection of chapters from local, regional, and international experts in the fields of law enforcement, safety, and security. In a world where threats and crises are increasingly transnational, there is value in the cross-cultural exchange of information and the integration of knowledge bases to understand the present-day landscape dynamics. More than ever, there is a greater urgency for behavioural sciences to inform and shape operational protocols and policies in the security sector.
Brazilian Deep-Sea Biodiversity
This book presents the biodiversity of the Brazilian deep-sea and its many unique geological and biological features, as well as a review of its ecology, conservation, and future research needs. The deep-sea Brazilian margin has an incredible geological heterogeneity with numerous characteristic seafloor features, and latitudinal changes in marine productivity, oceanographic conditions and biological communities have resulted in very distinct biological assemblages at regional and bathymetric scales. It is a tremendously rich ecosystem in terms of living species, from which many well-known historical tales have originated, and with unique importance for the global climate and humanity. Nevertheless, vast areas of the Brazilian margin have been explored for fishing, oil and gas, and other commodities, likely impacting a variety of deep-sea habitats at scales and intensities yet undetermined. This book is intended for students, scholars, professionals and a wide audience interested inthe deep-sea in general and, more specifically, in the South Atlantic deep-sea.
The Ocean of Tomorrow
As a response to the climate crisis and its effect on marine ecosystems and coastal populations, this book proposes concrete science driven solutions at establishing transformation pathways towards Sustainable Blue Growth, that are supported by technically and socially innovative innovations. This book proposes investment options and management solutions that have the potential of making our seas and oceans resilient to crises- climate, financial, health- by laying the foundations for a green/blue, circular economy that is anchored in science driven solutions and geared toward public well-being. Now is the time to usher in systemic economic change and the good news is that we have our blueprint: it's the combination of UN Agenda 2030 (17 SDG) and European Commission's European Green Deal! There is no doubt that the Earth's survival will depend on the protection and sustainable management of our seas and oceans and the resources they provide. This is recognized by the Joint Communication on International Ocean Governance, which is an integral part of the EU's response to the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and in particular to the targets set out by Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14) to "conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources". The analytical framework and science-driven concrete management solutions proposed in this book can accelerate the transition to a sustainable management of our seas and oceans, by turning the current challenges into opportunities for sustainable economic growth which is both environmentally resilient and leaves no one behind.
Crisis Management of Chronic Pollution
Crisis Management of Chronic Pollution: Contaminated Soil and Human Health deals with a long term pollution problem, generated by the former use of organochlorine pesticides. Through a case study of the chlordecone pollution in the French West Indies, the authors illustrate a global and systemic mobilization of research institutions and public services. This "management model", together with its major results, the approach and lessons to be learned, could be useful to other situations. This book gathers all the works that have been carried out over the last ten years or more and links them to decision makers' actions and stakeholders' expectations. This reference fills a gap in the literature on chronic pollution.
Game Theory in Biology
The principles of game theory apply to a wide range of topics in biology. This book presents the central concepts in evolutionary game theory and provides an authoritative and up-to-date account. The focus is on concepts that are important for biologists in their attempts to explain observations. This strong connection between concepts and applications is a recurrent theme throughout the book which incorporates recent and traditional ideas from animal psychology, neuroscience, and machine learning that provide a mechanistic basis for behaviours shown by players of a game. The approaches taken to modelling games often rest on idealized and unrealistic assumptions whose limitations and consequences are not always appreciated. The authors provide a novel reassessment of the field, highlighting how to overcome limitations and identifying future directions. Game Theory in Biology is an advanced textbook suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology. It will also be of relevance to a broader interdisciplinary audience including psychologists and neuroscientists.
Assessing Public Health Needs in a Lower Middle Income Country
This book demonstrates a methodology for assessing public health needs in communities experiencing environmental sanitation inadequacies. Centring on a case study of the Republic of Cameroon, the findings represent the starting point of a campaign to implement a comprehensive water and sanitation infrastructure through advocacy, housing improvements, and new service chains. Based on an assessment report undertaken by ARCHIVE Global, an international non-profit organization focusing on the link between health and housing, this book: Explores and establishes a causal relationship between the built environment and its impacts on public health Uses the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals as a benchmark for highlighting issues and challenges with sanitation infrastructure projects Provides lessons for communities around the world facing environmental health issues similar to those Cameroon's Idenau Municipality deals with. This book is intended for environmental health professionals, academics and policymakers, be they domestic to the African region or multinational practitioners. Donor countries, the likes of the United States and European nations, will also value the book's advocacy for interventions in the built environment and current public health impacts.
Integrated Research on Disaster Risks
This book is a collection of works written by young scientists involved in the Integrated Disaster Risk Research (IRDR). Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) is a decade-long research programme co-sponsored by the International Science Council (merged by International Council for Science (ICSU), the International Social Science Council (ISSC), and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). It is a global, multi-disciplinary approach to dealing with the challenges brought by natural disasters, mitigating their impacts, and improving related policy-making mechanisms. The book examines multidisciplinary research and actions related to disaster risk reduction internationally. The Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) Young Scientists programme is: - A sub-programme within IRDR which promotes capacity building of young professionals and encourages them to undertake innovative and need-based research which makes science-policy and science-practice linkages stronger. - IRDR Young Scientists Programme was started in late 2016. Currently, it is a community of 115 young researchers from over 40 countries after 3 batches of application. - IRDR network and partners provide academic advice and training courses, workshops, and programmes for IRDR young scientists. - IRDR young scientists contribute to innovative research in the field of disaster risk reduction and participate in conferences and/or social media as the ambassador of IRDR. The book is of interest to researchers and scholars in the field of governance of sustainability and environmental governance. Postgraduate students will benefit this book within courses on environmental governance, on climate change governance, and on transformation and social change processes. Societal actorsin climate change adaptation and other environmental governance fields on local, national, and international levels can benefit from the focus on societally relevant findings in the past 10 years of research on adaptiveness.
Climate Change and Agriculture in Zimbabwe
Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Climate change and lessons from world indigenous minority farmer communities.- Chapter 3. Climate change and indigenous farmers in Zimbabwe.- Chapter 4. Rainfall and Temperature fluctuations in South-west Zimbabwe(1922-2012).- Chapter 5. Climate Change impact on indigenous minority farmer communities in SW Zimbabwe.- Chapter 6. Interventions on climate climate change among indigenous minority farmer communities in SW Zimbabwe.- Chapter 7. Indigenous minority communities development basket of priorities in SW Zimbabwe.- Chapter 8. Conclusion
Sustainability in Environmental Engineering and ScienceSelect Proceedings of Sees 2019
This book consists of select peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on Sustainable Environmental Engineering and Science (SEES) 2019. The main focus of the book is to propose sustainable technologies to address the growing environmental challenges. The contents cover several topics of relevance such as air pollution, solid waste management, wastewater treatment, industrial pollution, and suggests eco-friendly and cost-effective techniques to tackle them. Given the range of topics covered, the book will be useful to researchers and professionals working in the multidisciplinary area of sustainability.
Biochar
Encompassing high priority research areas such as bioenergy production, global warming mitigation, and sustainable agriculture, biochar has received increased worldwide interest in the past decade.Biochar: Production, Characterization, and Applications covers the fundamentals of biochar including its concept, production technology, and characterization. The book builds on this foundation by providing examples of state-of-the-art biochar application technology in agronomy and environmental sciences, along with detailed case studies. Edited by a group of well-known biochar experts and including chapters written by a group of international experts in their field, this valuable resource can be used both as a textbook for graduate courses or as a handbook for policy makers and practitioners in the field.
Implementing the Circular Economy for Sustainable Development
Implementing the Circular Economy for Sustainable Development presents the concept of the circular economy with the goal of understanding its present status and how to better implement it, particularly through environmental policies. It first tackles the definition of a circular economy in the context of sustainability and the differences in defining the concept across disciplines, including its fallibilities and practical examples. It then goes on to discuss the implementation of a circular economy, including the increasing variety of technological, mechanical, and chemical procedures to contend with and the need for stakeholder support in addition to improved business models. The second half of the book, therefore, presents tools, approaches, and practical examples of how to shape environmental policy to successfully implement a circular economy. It analyzes deficiencies of current regulations and lays the groundwork for the design of integrated environmental policies for a circular economy. Authored by an expert in environmental economics with decades of experience, Implementing the Circular Economy for Sustainable Development is a timely, practical guide for sustainability researchers and policymakers alike to move more efficiently toward a circular economy and sustainable development.
Modern Treatment Strategies for Marine Pollution
Modern Treatment Strategies for Marine Pollution provides an overview of assessment tools that identify contaminants in marine water, also discussing the latest technologies for removing these contaminants. Through templated and consistently structured chapters, the author explores the importance of seawater to our marine ecosystems and the devastating effects pollutants are causing. Sections cover the emission of toxic pollutants from industries, wastewater discharge, oil spills from boarding ships, ballast water emission, abnormal growth of algal blooms, and more. Techniques explored include huge diameter pipelines erected for removing floating debris from seawater, which is denoted as a primary idea for cleaning contaminants. The book includes numerous case studies that demonstrate how these tools can be successfully used. It is an essential read for marine ecologists and oceanographers at the graduate level and above, but is also ideal for those looking to incorporate these techniques into their own work.
Dynamic Sedimentary Environment of Mangrove Coasts
Dynamic Sedimentary Environments of Mangrove Coasts provides knowledge on the importance of sedimentary dynamics in managing mangrove forests. In the first part of the book, the editors seamlessly offer a general introduction of mangrove sedimentary dynamics. This leads into more in-depth information on soil surface elevation change, sea level rise, and the importance of sedimentary dynamics in the loss or gain of blue carbon. The book concludes the discussion of mangrove sedimentary dynamics by addressing the issues of climate change (e.g. sea level rise and blue carbon) on mangrove restoration and sediment.This book will assist coastal managers and academics in addressing the gaps in mangrove restoration and coastal management. As such, it will be a valuable reference for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, academics in the field of coastal restoration, and coastal management practitioners.
REEF HERESY? Science, Research and the Great Barrier Reef.
With the Foreword by Jennifer MarohasyAnd the legal saga by Morgan BeggPeter Ridd has lived by the Great Barrier Reef for most of his life. He knows it and he loves it. Nothing is so important than its protection and preservation. For more than three decades the Reef and the marine region of which it is a key part have been central to his scientific research.In this book Ridd provides a comprehensive, evidence-based account of the state of the Reef for Australians interested in this priceless national treasure, and the science they need to understand its condition properly.He systematically examines major potential dangers to the Reef - coral-eating crown-of-thorns star fish, the impact nutrient pollution from agriculture, dredging of shipping ports, climate change, coal dust, over-fishing, herbicides.The conclusion of this measured, evidence-based study is that it is essential that the health and vitality of the Reef and its environs should be jealously protected. Equally, there is little in its present condition, analysed in the perspective of more than half-a-century, to warrant the alarm and even hysteria which too often mark any discussion or debate about the Reef and the policies promoted by governments purportedly to safeguard its well-being.A key to protecting the future of the Reef is ensuring the quality of the science upon which governments base policies and legislation for its protection. He advocates rigorous, independent quality assurance of major research, especially that which forms the foundation of public policy.Peter Ridd, a marine geophysicist, is the author or joint author of more than 100 scientific papers and co-inventor of a range of instruments used on reefs around the world.
Society 5.0
This open access book introduces readers to the vision on future cities and urban lives in connection with "Society 5.0", which was proposed in the 5th Basic Science and Technology Plan by Japan's national government for a technology-based, human-centered society, emerging from the fourth industrial revolution. The respective chapters summarize the findings and suggestions of joint research projects conducted by H-UTokyo Lab. Through the research collaboration and discussion, this book explores the future urban lives under the concept of "Society 5.0", characterized by the key phrases of data-driven society, knowledge-intensive society, and non-monetary society, and suggests the directionality to which the concept should aim as Japan's technology-led national vision. Written by Hitachi's researchers as well as academics from a wide range of fields, including engineering, economics, psychology and philosophy at The University of Tokyo, the book is a must read for members of the general public interested in urban planning, students, professionals and researchers in engineering and economics.
Standing Up to Climate Change
In Iran, climate change combined with low adaptation capacity has an unparalleled impact on eco-systems as well as human livelihoods. The Roodasht region, in the lower part of the Zayandeh Rud basin in Central Iran, is severely affected by water scarcity, desertification and land degradation. This book describes the effects this has on the environment and society, analyzes the degree of vulnerability and suggests possible ways to improve land and water management. This book provides comprehensive and interdisciplinary insights into the environmental and social situation in the region, as well as possible solutions to deal with the current challenges. Written by German and Iranian scientists, NGO staff and government officials and bridging the gap between research and practical implementation, the book not only enhances our understanding of climate change and desertification, but also raises public awareness and promotes knowledge transfer between disciplines.
Gathering Ecologies
What might an interactive artwork look like that enabled greater expressive potential for all of the components of the event? How can we radically shift our idea of interactivity towards an ecological conception of the term, emphasising the generation of complex relation over the stability of objects and subjects? Gathering Ecologies explores this ethical and political shift in thinking, examining the creative potential of differential relations through key concepts from the philosophies of A.N. Whitehead, Gilbert Simondon and Michel Serres. Utilising detailed examinations of work by artists such as Lygia Clark, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Nathaniel Stern and Joyce Hinterding, the book discusses the creative potential of movement, perception and sensation, interfacing, sound and generative algorithmic design to tune an event towards the conditions of its own ecological emergence. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Anthropocene Back Loop
In the face of climate chaos, post-truth politics, and growing tribalisms, it's clear that liberalism's old structures are unraveling. Drawing on resilience ecology, Stephanie Wakefield suggests we understand such phenomena to be indicators that we are entering the Anthropocene's back loop, a time of release and collapse, confusion and reorientation, in which not only populations and climates are being upended but also physical and metaphysical grounds. Anthropocene Back Loop takes us on a journey though different responses and manifestations of the back loop, exploring urban resilience infrastructures, post-apocalyptic imaginaries in fiction and critical theory, and a range of everyday practices from survival skills and physical fitness to experimentation with one's soul. Rather than returning to liberalism's safe operating space, what is needed and what can be seen in many contemporary practices, Wakefield argues, are forms of experimentation geared toward charting autonomous modes of living within the back loop's new unsafe operating spaces. Such efforts often let go of old frameworks, hubristically experiment with new uses, cultivate an allowance for the unknown, and embrace a confidence in exploring one's own pathways. What these iterations suggest is that the back loop, long imagined in the singular, is spiraling out into myriad trajectories. After all, if we take seriously the idea that liberalism's single world order is unraveling, we have the opportunity - one many have long fought for - to create our own new codes, if not new worlds. Being in the back loop means that we have already crossed various tipping points, and that in doing so, everything from social practices, technologies, and truth to plants, animals, and places have become shaken out of their normal frameworks. We are free to move on new planes. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Gathering Ecologies
What might an interactive artwork look like that enabled greater expressive potential for all of the components of the event? How can we radically shift our idea of interactivity towards an ecological conception of the term, emphasising the generation of complex relation over the stability of objects and subjects? Gathering Ecologies explores this ethical and political shift in thinking, examining the creative potential of differential relations through key concepts from the philosophies of A.N. Whitehead, Gilbert Simondon and Michel Serres. Utilising detailed examinations of work by artists such as Lygia Clark, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Nathaniel Stern and Joyce Hinterding, the book discusses the creative potential of movement, perception and sensation, interfacing, sound and generative algorithmic design to tune an event towards the conditions of its own ecological emergence. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Anthropocene Back Loop
In the face of climate chaos, post-truth politics, and growing tribalisms, it's clear that liberalism's old structures are unraveling. Drawing on resilience ecology, Stephanie Wakefield suggests we understand such phenomena to be indicators that we are entering the Anthropocene's back loop, a time of release and collapse, confusion and reorientation, in which not only populations and climates are being upended but also physical and metaphysical grounds. Anthropocene Back Loop takes us on a journey though different responses and manifestations of the back loop, exploring urban resilience infrastructures, post-apocalyptic imaginaries in fiction and critical theory, and a range of everyday practices from survival skills and physical fitness to experimentation with one's soul. Rather than returning to liberalism's safe operating space, what is needed and what can be seen in many contemporary practices, Wakefield argues, are forms of experimentation geared toward charting autonomous modes of living within the back loop's new unsafe operating spaces. Such efforts often let go of old frameworks, hubristically experiment with new uses, cultivate an allowance for the unknown, and embrace a confidence in exploring one's own pathways. What these iterations suggest is that the back loop, long imagined in the singular, is spiraling out into myriad trajectories. After all, if we take seriously the idea that liberalism's single world order is unraveling, we have the opportunity - one many have long fought for - to create our own new codes, if not new worlds. Being in the back loop means that we have already crossed various tipping points, and that in doing so, everything from social practices, technologies, and truth to plants, animals, and places have become shaken out of their normal frameworks. We are free to move on new planes. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Bird Species
The average person can name more bird species than they think, but do we really know what a bird "species" is? This open access book takes up several fascinating aspects of bird life to elucidate this basic concept in biology. From genetic and physiological basics to the phenomena of bird song and bird migration, it analyzes various interactions of birds - with their environment and other birds. Lastly, it shows imminent threats to birds in the Anthropocene, the era of global human impact. Although it seemed to be easy to define bird species, the advent of modern methods has challenged species definition and led to a multidisciplinary approach to classifying birds. One outstanding new toolbox comes with the more and more reasonably priced acquisition of whole-genome sequences that allow causative analyses of how bird species diversify. Speciation has reached a final stage when daughter species are reproductively isolated, but this stage is not easily detectable from the phenotype we observe. Culturally transmitted traits such as bird song seem to speed up speciation processes, while another behavioral trait, migration, helps birds to find food resources, and also coincides with higher chances of reaching new, inhabitable areas. In general, distribution is a major key to understanding speciation in birds. Examples of ecological speciation can be found in birds, and the constant interaction of birds with their biotic environment also contributes to evolutionary changes. In the Anthropocene, birds are confronted with rapid changes that are highly threatening for some species. Climate change forces birds to move their ranges, but may also disrupt well-established interactions between climate, vegetation, and food sources. This book brings together various disciplines involved in observing bird species come into existence, modify, and vanish. It is a rich resource for bird enthusiasts who want to understand various processes at the cutting edge of current research in more detail. At the same time it offers students the opportunity to see primarily unconnected, but booming big-data approaches such as genomics and biogeography meet in a topic of broad interest. Lastly, the book enables conservationists to better understand the uncertainties surrounding "species" as entities of protection. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
