Therapeutic Role of Two Medicinal Plants against CCl4 in Rats
The book will assess the potential role of two medicinal plant (Plantago major and Moringa oleifera) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The SOD like activity of the Plantago major and Moringa oleifera extract was performed in Vitro. Some biochemical markers such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipids in serum were investigated. Also, hematological tests including RBCs and WBCs count, hemoglobin level and hematocrit percentage were also investigated. In addition to antioxidant biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), along with histopathological examination were determined. Results of the present study showed that, CCl4 induced a significant reductions in the total body weights of the intoxicated rats and significant increase in liver-body weight ratio when compared with the control olive oil group. Moreover, Plantago major and Moringa oleifera leaves extract could improve the hepatomegaly induced by chronic CCl4 adm
Empire and Catastrophe
Empire and Catastrophe examines natural and anthropogenic disasters during the years of decolonization in Algeria, Morocco, and France and explores how environmental catastrophes both shaped and were shaped by struggles over the dissolution of France's empire in North Africa. Four disasters make up the core of the book: the 1954 earthquake in Algeria's Ch矇lif Valley, just weeks before the onset of the Algerian Revolution; a mass poisoning in Morocco in 1959 caused by toxic substances from an American military base; the 1959 Malpasset Dam collapse in Fr矇jus, France, which devastated the town's Algerian immigrant community but which was blamed on Algerian sabotage; and the 1960 earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, which set off a public relations war between the United States, France, and the Soviet Union and which ignited a Moroccan national debate over modernity, identity, architecture, and urban planning. Interrogating distinctions between agent and environment and between political and environmental violence through the lenses of state archives and through the remembered experiences and literary representations of disaster survivors, Spencer D. Segalla argues for the integration of environmental events into narratives of political and cultural decolonization.
Supercritical Water Processing Technologies for Environment, Energy and Nanomaterial Applications
This book systematically presents the technical aspects of supercritical water oxidation and supercritical water gasification for energy and environmental applications, which include reactor design, construction materials, corrosion, salt precipitation, etc. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the properties of supercritical water, and the industrial applications, reaction mechanisms and reaction kinetics of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The reactions occurring in supercritical water are complex, and studying their reaction mechanisms is of great importance for the development of supercritical water processing technologies. Accordingly, the book explains the oxidative mechanisms and kinetics of organic matter in supercritical water in detail. However, the harsh reaction conditions in supercritical water can easily create severe reactor corrosion and salt deposition problems. Therefore, the book also comprehensively reports on the mechanism analysis, state of research, and development trends regarding these two problems. Lastly, the book summarizes the development of supercritical water processing technologies, including studies on SCWO and SCWG, as well as near-zero-emission systems of pollutants based on SCWO technology. In short, the book provides a wealth of valuable information for all readers who are interested in using SCWO for organic waste treatment, and in using SCWG for hydrogen production with wet biomass.
Biotectonics
Tectonic plates are constantly moving, either crashing into one another creating a mosaic of mountains and shallow seas, or tearing apart and isolating large swathes of land. In both cases plate tectonics separates populations leading to the evolution of biota. Tectonics is also responsible for the destruction life, for instance when large coral reefs or shallow seas are compressed to form mountain peaks. Could recent research into these processes provide enough evidence to show that tectonics may be the ultimate driver of life on Earth? Our book delves into the current research in tectonics, particularly neotectonics, and its impact on rapid changes on biogeographical classification, also known as bioregionalisation. We also introduce a new term biotectonics that studies the impact of tectonics on biogeoregionalisation. The question we ask is how tectonics directly influences the distribution of biota in four case studies: the Mesozic and early Palaeogene Australides, which spans the Proto-Pacific coast of the South America, Antaractica and Australiasia; and the Neogene of Australia. To conclude we examine the role of neotectonics on tranistion zones and the Amazon Basin and make a case for biotectonic extinction.
Carbon Dioxide ProblemIntegrated Energy and Environmental Policies for the 21st Century
The problems of global warming and environmental pollution are some of the most difficult challenges this planet faces in the 21st century. Carbon dioxide, often identified as one of the culprits, is an inevitable product of the combustion of fossil fuels, necessary for our modern economies to survive. Thus, The Carbon Dioxide Problem refers to the extremely complex matter of limiting carbon dioxide concentrations to levels that pose little environmental risk without devastating national economies and reducing living standards on the planet. This timely book offers solutions to the global warming problem that lie in the development of comprehensive energy and environmental policies that emphasize the need to use energy efficiently while looking to develop alternative renewable sources. The experience of Japan is particularly relevant due to that country's great dependence on foreign fuel supplies, which has led it to be at the forefront of developing new energy conservation and antipollution technologies.
Handbook of Dangerous Properties of Inorganic and Organic Substances in Industrial Wastes
This handbook lists some of the physiochemical properties of inorganic and organic substances found in industrial wastes. It describes their toxic effects on humans and provides information on preventive measures against environmental pollution.
Pesticides in Surface WatersDistribution, Trends, and Governing Factors
Pesticide use in agriculture and non-agriculture settings has increased dramatically over the last several decades. Concern about adverse effects on the environment and human health has spurred an enormous amount of research into their environmental behavior and fate. Pesticides in Surface Waters presents a comprehensive summary of this research.
Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals, Volume IV
This volume is devoted to the review and evaluation of the available data on physical/chemical properties, commercial use and possible sources of environmental contamination, environmental fate, and monitoring data of solvents and chemical intermediates in alphabetical order.
100% Clean, Renewable Energy and Storage for Everything
Numerous laws - including the Green New Deal - have been proposed or passed in cities, states, and countries to transition from fossil fuels to 100% clean, renewable energy in order to address climate change, air pollution, and energy insecurity. This textbook lays out the science, technology, economics, policy, and social aspects of such transitions. It discusses the renewable electricity and heat generating technologies needed; the electricity, heat, cold, and hydrogen storage technologies required; how to keep the electric power grid stable; and how to address non-energy sources of emissions. It discusses the history of the 100% Movement, which evolved from a collaboration among scientists, cultural leaders, business people, and community leaders. Finally, it discusses current progress in transitioning to 100% renewables, and the new policies needed to complete the transition. Online course supplements include lecture slides, answers to the end-of-chapter student exercises, and a list of extra resources.
Global Groundwater
Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Sustainability, Security, and Solutions presents a compilation of compelling insights into groundwater scenarios within all groundwater-stressed regions across the world. Thematic sub-sections include groundwater studies on sources, scarcity, sustainability, security, and solutions. The chapters in these sub-sections provide unique knowledge on groundwater for scientists, planners, and policymakers, and are written by leading global experts and researchers. Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Sustainability, Security, and Solutions provides a unique, unparalleled opportunity to integrate the knowledge on groundwater, ranging from availability to pollution, nation-level groundwater management to transboundary aquifer governance, and global-scale review to local-scale case-studies.
100% Clean, Renewable Energy and Storage for Everything
Numerous laws - including the Green New Deal - have been proposed or passed in cities, states, and countries to transition from fossil fuels to 100% clean, renewable energy in order to address climate change, air pollution, and energy insecurity. This textbook lays out the science, technology, economics, policy, and social aspects of such transitions. It discusses the renewable electricity and heat generating technologies needed; the electricity, heat, cold, and hydrogen storage technologies required; how to keep the electric power grid stable; and how to address non-energy sources of emissions. It discusses the history of the 100% Movement, which evolved from a collaboration among scientists, cultural leaders, business people, and community leaders. Finally, it discusses current progress in transitioning to 100% renewables, and the new policies needed to complete the transition. Online course supplements include lecture slides, answers to the end-of-chapter student exercises, and a list of extra resources.
The Power of Narrative
There is an ideological war of words waging in America, one that speaks to a new fundamentalism rising not just within the American public, but across other ideologically-torn nations around the globe as well. At its heart is climate skepticism, an ideological watershed that has become a core belief for millions of people despite a large scientific consensus supporting the science of anthropogenic climate change. While many scholars have examined the role of lobbyists and conservative think tanks in fueling the climate skepticism movement, there has not yet been a systematic analysis of why the narrative itself has resonated so powerfully with the public. Pulling from science and technology studies, narrative and discourse theory, and public policy, The Power of Narrative examines the strength of climate skepticism as a story, offering a thoughtful analysis and comparison of anti-climate science narratives over time and across geographic boundaries. This book provides fresh insight into the rhetorical and semantic properties on both sides of the climate change debate that preclude dialogue around climate science, and proposes a means for moving beyond ideological entrenchment through language mediation, further ethnographic study, and research-informed teaching. The Power of Narrative culminates in the revelation of a parallel between narratives about climate skepticism and those in other issue areas (e.g., gun rights, immigration, health crises), exposing a genetic meta-narrative of public distrust and isolation. Ultimately, The Power of Narrative is not a book about climate change in itself: it is, instead, a book about how our society understands and interacts with science, how a social narrative becomes ideology, and how we can move beyond personal and political dogma to arrive at a sense of collective rapprochement.
Metal Ecotoxicology Concepts and Applications
This book provides an in-depth discussion of various aspects of metal ecotoxicology. State-of-the-art information and techniques in areas ranging from metal behavior in surface waters to bioaccumulation kinetics and toxicokinetics to community effects are presented in a hierarchical arrangement. Specific topics discussed include metals in abiotic components of ecosystems, autecology (effects of metals relative to the individual or a single species), and metals in marine and freshwater systems in the context of synecology (species associated and interacting as a unit). This is an important book that will be useful to researchers, risk assessment consultants, regulatory personnel, and teachers and students.
Serendipity
"Many of the findings in the book . . . are classics of ecology. . . . A rare and delightful insight into timely science."--Jane Lubchenco, Nature "Estes's refreshing narrative deftly weaves rigorous science with personal reflection to create an absorbing and introspective read that is equal parts memoir, ecological textbook, and motivational guidebook for young ecologists."--Science To newly minted biologist James Estes, the sea otters he was studying in the leafy kelp forests off the coast of Alaska appeared to have an unbalanced relationship with their greater environment. Gorging themselves on the sea urchins that grazed among the kelp, these small charismatic mammals seemed to give little back in return. But as Estes dug deeper, he unearthed a far more complex relationship between the otter and its underwater environment, discovering that otters play a critical role in driving positive ecosystem dynamics. While teasing out the connective threads, he began to question our assumptions about ecological relationships. These questions would ultimately inspire a lifelong quest to better understand the surprising complexity of our natural world and the unexpected ways we discover it. Serendipity tells the story of James Estes's life as a naturalist and the concepts that have driven his interest in researching the ecological role of top-level predators. Using the relationships between sea otters, kelp, and sea urchins as a touchstone, Estes retraces his investigations of numerous other species, ecosystems, and ecological processes in an attempt to discover why ecologists can learn so many details about the systems in which they work and yet understand so little about the broader processes that influence these systems. Part memoir, part natural history, and deeply inquisitive, Serendipity will entertain and inform readers as it raises thoughtful questions about our relationship with the natural world.
Die Souver瓣ne Expertin - 77 Tipps F羹r Die Verbale Wissenschaftskommunikation
Nicht zu kommunizieren ist nicht m繹glich, und gut zu kommunizieren ist nicht einfach. Fachexpertise allein reicht jedenfalls nicht aus, um verst瓣ndlich zu erkl瓣ren, souver瓣n vorzutragen und erfolgreich in den Medien aufzutreten. Dabei bergen wissenschaftliche Themen ganz spezifische Herausforderungen. Verbale Wissenschaftskommunikation ist eine Querschnittsaufgabe aus den Bereichen Strategie, Formulieren (Erkl瓣ren und Erz瓣hlen), Rhetorik und K繹rpersprache. F羹r alle diese Bereiche vermittelt das Buch praktische Tipps mit zahlreichen Beispielen aus der Praxis. Es hilft Ihnen, zur "souver瓣nen Expertin" oder zum souver瓣nen Experten zu werden - in (Medien-)Interviews, in Vortr瓣gen, Gespr瓣chen und Diskussionsrunden. 77 kurze und voneinander unabh瓣ngige Tipps machen das Buch ideal f羹r die Lekt羹re zwischendurch.
The Nuisance of Urban Wild Birds
This book exams various areas of nuisance urban birds create to human inhabitants in some of our cities. However, birds are morphologically beautiful, attractive, and loved by humans. Additionally, their ecological role in the wild environment, specifically the rainforest where pollination and regeneration of some floral species partially depend on their feeding behavior has contributed immensely in ecosystem balance in most biomes on earth. Moreover, their value in research and the tourism industry has transformed the economy of many nations through bird-watching programs. Unfortunately, the feeding behavior of some bird species on crop-lands and their social activities on city dumping sites are some of the conflict areas with humans. This book explores the social behavior of urban bird species on urban crop-farms and solid waste dumping sites, hence, the implication of these social activities on human health and its economy in these cities.
Monography
This study is focused on the assessment of water quality in Shkumbini River, Albania. Shkumbini River originates from the mountainous area of Valmara by the villages of Pogradec and Librazhd Districts where it continues to flow 181,4 km through Librazhd and Elbasan before discharging into Adriatic Sea at Karavasta Bay. The water quality assessment was based on the biological parameters, physico-chemical parameters, trace metal and organic pollutants content in water. This study is an attempt to carry out a preliminary environmental status assessment of Shkumbini River, Albania and to investigate the anthropogenic and natural pollution impact to the river water quality. The water quality monitoring has been one of the project components in order to provide continuous assistance on water monitoring techniques and methodologies to the National Environmental Agency in Albania. The one-year monitoring (physicochemical, chemical and biological monitoring) has been carried out by the experts/authors together with NEA staff, enabling them to obtain the necessary knowledge to perform future water quality monitoring independently according to EU WFD requirements.
Water Quality
This volume is of great importance to humans and other living organisms. The study of water quality draws information from a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology, mathematics, physics, engineering, and resource management.University training in water quality is often limited to specialized courses in engineering, ecology, and fisheries curricula. This book also offers a basic understanding of water quality to professionals who are not formally trained in the subject.The revised third edition updates and expands the discussion, and incorporates additional figures and illustrative problems. Improvements include a new chapter on basic chemistry, a more comprehensive chapter on hydrology, and an updated chapter on regulations and standards.Because it employs only first-year college-level chemistry and very basic physics, the book is well-suited as the foundation for a general introductory course in water quality. It is equally useful as a guide for self-study and an in-depth resource for general readers.
Environmental Discourse Analysis
Eco-documentary, a cinematographic genre on the environment, is a media construct meant to raise environmental awareness. It exposes environmental crises and attempts to present solutions for their degradation. This book analyzes patterns of 'fear' and 'threat' in a Moroccan Eco-documentary by Amouddou production agency on the degradation of a lagoon in the North East of Morocco. In line with Witte's et al. (1996) model of 'perceived severity' and 'perceived susceptibility', and within the framework of Eco- linguistics, the book examines linguistic patterns of 'fear' and 'threat' to reinforce the argumentative process in stories and testimonies of actors. Finally, the book provides some recommendations for eco-documentary producers, institutional organs, and future research to examine unexplored facets of eco-documentaries that document damages and exploitation of the environment.
Sources of Uncertainty in the Tropical Pacific Warming Pattern Under Global Warming Projected by Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models
Introduction.- Evaluating the formation mechanisms of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern in CMIP5 multi-model ensemble.- Influence of cloud radiation feedback on the uncertainty in projecting tropical Pacific SST warming pattern.- Effects of large-scale ocean dynamics on the uncertainty in projecting tropical Pacific SST warming pattern.- Correcting the multi-model ensemble tropical Pacific SST warming pattern.- Summary and prospects.
Sustainable Land Management in a European Context
This open access book presents and discusses current issues and innovative solution approaches for land management in a European context. Manifold sustainability issues are closely interconnected with land use practices. Throughout the world, we face increasing conflict over the use of land as well as competition for land.Drawing on experience in sustainable land management gained from seven years of the FONA programme (Research for Sustainable Development, conducted under the auspices of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research), the book stresses and highlights co-design processes within the "co-creation of knowledge", involving collaboration in transdisciplinary research processes between academia and other stakeholders. The book begins with an overview of the current state of land use practices and the subsequent need to manage land resources more sustainably. New system solutions and governance approaches in sustainable land management are presented from a European perspective on land use. The volume also addresses how to use new modes of knowledge transfer between science and practice. New perspectives in sustainable land management and methods of combining knowledge and action are presented to a broad readership in land system sciences and environmental sciences, social sciences and geosciences.This book received the Gerd Albers Award. The prize is awarded by the International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISOCARP).
Green Photocatalysts for Energy and Environmental Process
This book describes green photocatalysts and their diverse applications in the fields of environmental sciences and energy. It especially takes a closer look at the removal of air and water pollutants, the generation of hydrogen, photo fuel cells, electrophotocatalysts, solar energy conversions, and green biophotocatalysts. Furthermore it also discusses on the role of catalysts along with their chemical reactions, challenges, past developments and directions for further research on photocatalysts. It includes recent developments of quantum dots (QDs) and photocatalytic applications of QDs such as carbon materials like carbon and graphene based QDs, metal, metal sulfide and metal oxide based QDs as well as a detailed review on various types of templates used for the preparation of porous g-C3N4 and its applications in detail. This is done with special reference to dye degradation, reduction of hexavalent Cr, and reduction of CO2 and for theevolution of H2 photocatalytically. This book offers an intriguing and useful guide for a broad readership in various fields of catalysis, material sciences, environment and energy.
Energy Recovery Processes from Wastes
The book focuses on a global issue--municipal solid waste management (MSWM) and presents the most effective solutions based on energy recovery processes. There is huge potential in employing different technologies and modern management methodology for recovering energy from various waste streams to establish a sustainable and circular economy. In several countries, energy recovery from municipal solid wastes (MSW) is seen as a way of reducing the negative impact of waste on the environment and also reducing the burden on land resources. The book primarily focuses on highlighting the latest insights into energy recovery from various waste streams in different countries, with a particular emphasis on India. Further, it paves the way for sustainability in the energy sector as a whole by addressing waste management issues and simultaneous energy recovery. The chapters present high-quality research papers selected and presented in the conference, IconSWM 2018.
Chiral Environmental Pollutants
This monograph contains a survey on the role of chirality in ecotoxicological processes. The focus is on environmental trace analysis. Areas such as toxicology, ecotoxicology, synthetic chemistry, biology, and physics are also covered in detail in order to explain the different properties of enantiomers in environmental samples. This monograph delivers a comprehensive survey for environmental trace analysts, analytical chemists, ecotoxicologists, food scientists and experienced lab workers.
Sustainable Rice Straw Management
This open access book on straw management aims to provide a wide array of options for rice straw management that are potentially more sustainable, environmental, and profitable compared to current practice. The book is authored by expert researchers, engineers and innovators working on a range of straw management options with case studies from Vietnam, the Philippines and Cambodia. The book is written for engineers and researchers in order to provide them information on current good practice and the gaps and constraints that require further research and innovation. The book is also aimed at extension workers and farmers to help them decide on the best alternative straw management options in their area by presenting both the technological options as well as the value chains and business models required to make them work. The book will also be useful for policy makers, required by public opinion to reduce greenhouse gas emissionsand air pollution, looking for research-based evidence to guide the policies they develop and implement.
Unraveling the human-snow leopard conflict in Spiti Valley, India
This study scrutinizes the various factors directly or indirectly impacting human-wildlife conflict in Spiti Valley, India and investigates the nature of the relationships found between them.In the late 1900s, the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia), a vulnerable species, caused intense conflict through livestock depredation, which led to a conflict of interests between the various stakeholders in the region. This problem was partly tackled by the advent of the tourism industry and creation of jobs in the region. In-depth qualitative interviews and observation results show that there have been a series of complications following this, for example, rapid expansion of tourism infrastructure, increased waste, proliferation feral dog population, and changing local perceptions towards tourism. These complications in combination with climate change could exacerbate human-wildlife conflict in the future as elucidated in this study. The linkages between these issues has been established with references to supporting literature.
Ecosystem-Based Management, Ecosystem Services and Aquatic Biodiversity
Aquatic ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and home to a diverse array of species and habitats, providing a wide variety of benefits to human beings. Many of these valuable ecosystems are at risk of being irreversibly damaged by human activities and pressures, including pollution, contamination, invasive species, overfishing and climate change. Such pressures threaten the sustainability of these ecosystems, their provision of ecosystem services and ultimately human well-being.Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is now widely considered the most promising paradigm for balancing sustainable development and biodiversity protection, and various international strategies and conventions have championed the EBM cause and the inclusion of ecosystem services in decision-making. This open access book introduces the essential concepts and principles required to implement ecosystem-based management, detailing tools and techniques, and describing the application ofthese concepts and tools to a broad range of aquatic ecosystems, from the shores of Lough Erne in Northern Ireland to the estuaries of the US Pacific Northwest and the tropical Mekong Delta.
Environmental Evaluation of Urban Air Mobility
Urban air mobility (UAM) is a new mobility concept that could significantly change the way urban mobility is understood in general and drastically influence the current manner of travelling. Taking into account the environmental concerns and the problems of heavily polluted air in the cities, new transportation solutions must be environmentally evaluated prior to their launch. Therefore, this work estimates the effects of UAM operation on current levels of traffic-related CO2 and NOx emissions in Munich. The study compares two scenarios with and without UAM. Moreover, ten additional scenarios considering shift to electric vehicles and increased share of renewables in electricity mix were calculated. Initial results showed that the UAM introduction in Munich did not have an effect on average trip distance and the total distance travelled of ground modes. The UAM operation generates additional levels of CO2 and NOx. Nevertheless, UAM operation could the most environmentally beneficial and could reduce daily CO2 emission levels when electricity consumed by aerial vehicle is fully generated from renewable sources.
Green Marketing
The term Green Marketing (GM) comes into the light late 1980 and early 1990. The first workshop on Ecological Marketing in 1975 which is organised by American Marketing Association (Karunakaran, 2015). The needness to feel a necessity for implementing the approachable and affordable GM practices in automobile industry regarding current time period. This branch of marketing (GM) makes us more alivable and reduce the pace in-between nature and biotic substance (i.e. all alive animal, tree, human being weather it is consumer or marketer or government body or other else ). The reduction of harmful effect on our environment, it may possible to utilize the substitute fuel, which is untoxic in its nature i.e. solar energy, propen, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), bio-disesl, ethanol and hydrogen.
Green Marketing
The green marketing is an eco-friendly manner of marketing without effecting the environment in the automobile industry for producing the green products and services to the consumer. These customers who utilize the green products and services are not common, this type of customer category are high educated who is consciously provoked to the environment, regarding his/her own awareness and alertness must also be required for promoting and adopting by them in their daily routine. For promoting the green marketing it must be suitable for marketer to allow that make him to utilize the old marketing mix for the marketing of green product for green consumers. There must be compulsory for green marketers, they should be developed a new type of marketing mix, which is called Green Marketing Mix (GMM).for green products and services in the field of green automobile industry.
Life cycle sustainability assessments (LCSA) of four disposal scenarios
Prior to the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987, environmental protection was hailed as the main determinant for survival of mankind. However, during the said conference, two other vital dimensions: economy and social well-being emerged as equally essential elements to environmental protection. These three dimensions constitute the concept of sustainable development (SD) (Kloepffer 2008). SD describes a development that is capable to cover today's needs for an intact environment, social justice and economic prosperity, without limiting the ability of future generations to meet their needs (Finkbeiner et al. 2010). Since then, the global society has gradually undergone a paradigm shift from environmental protection towards sustainability. In fact achieving sustainability or striving towards SD has become the motto in practically all areas of life, both nationally and internationally. Industries, for instance, are gradually shifting their focus from the traditional end of pipe technology to adopt the principles of life cycle thinking. In parallel, consumers' growing awareness on environmental sustainability and the competitive trade markets have also paved
Urban Flood Modeling and Management
Increasing population and migration of people to cities around the globe causes improper urbanization issues, because of this urban infrastructure is densely preoccupied.The acute acceleration in urban advancement has prompted an expansion in impermeable zones and a reduction in vegetated surfaces. At the same time, anthropogenic activity of human in cities disturbs the water cycle, resulting urban heat island effect. All these leads to the inception of urban flooding situations in a localized area. Urban areas are the major hotspots for the origination of floods. Occupying the surfaces with various impervious surface features there is an opportunity of changeover of rainfall to runoff which results in flooding. Variations of atmospheric changes is also a crucial factor for precipitation events in unusual times that outcomes in rising flood peaks. Volume of runoff from the investigation area is assessed by adopting Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The major purpose of utilizing SWMM is to monitor the quality along with quantity of overflow originating from the sub catchments. The SWMM functions on collection of rainfall from various sub catchments then generates runoff.
Biomethanation Of Dairy Effluent By Two Phase Uasb Reactor
This study examined the feasibility of applying Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactor with phase separation including acidogenesis/methanogenensis, to treat dairy effluent. Dairy industry is one of the main agro industry in all over the world. At the same time the dairy industry is one of the most polluting of industries, not only in terms of the volume of effluent generated, but also in terms of characteristics as well. Many treatment methods are available to treat this wastes, but the anaerobic treatment methods is seems to be more viable for treatment of dairy waste as well as recover energy during this process. Among the anaerobic treatment two phase UASB reactor work efficiently to treat also to mitigate the issue of acidification nature of dairy effluent.
Drones - Current and future perspective in forestry
India has around 24.39 % under forest cover (FSI, 2017). Forest offers a variety of ecosystem services which are experiencing rapid negative impacts due to the economical, ecological, climatic and biophysical forces. Apart from these, vast forest area, low labour force, less infrastructure and low financial supports were also limiting the efficient administration and management of Indian forests. There is an urgent need for collection of accurate information for the sustainable management of forests. Nowadays the sophisticated sensors, aerial photogrammetry and remote sensing techniques provides the most advanced tool for monitoring, inventorying and mapping of forests. Other than airborne and space borne platforms, the drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in the management of Indian forests in recent years due to their low operational costs, light weight, high intensity data collection in short time, variety of sensors, usability in inaccessible and high-risk areas. So, there is huge potential for drones in Indian forests and it is already in use.
Air Pollution
Air is an indispensable part of human life. This natural source is contentiously being polluted by human activities. This book sheds light on various aspects of air pollution ranging from dust fall rate, sulphation rate, mixing height. At the same time to control this air pollution use of cleaner technologies in the form of flue gas desulfurization is also explained. This book will be immensely helpful for the learner to understand the basic aspects of the subject.
Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS in Iraq
1. Using Radar and Optical Data for Soil Salinity Modeling and Mapping in Central Iraq Monitoring and Mapping of Land Threats in Iraq using Remote Sensing Proximal Sensing for Soil Monitoring Multi-Temporal Satellite Data for Land Use/Cover (LULC) Change Detection in Zakho, Kurdistan Region-Iraq Using Remote Sensing to Predict Soil Properties in Iraq Agricultural Drought Monitoring over Iraq utilizing MODIS Products Monitoring of the Land Cover Changes in Iraq The Aeolian Sand Dunes in Iraq: A New Insight Effects of Land Cover Change on Surface Runoff Using GIS and Remote Sensing: a Case Study Duhok Sub-Basin Drought Monitoring for Northern part of Iraq using Temporal NDVI and Rainfall Indices Geo-morphometric analysis and flood simulation of the Tigris River due to a predicted failure of the Mosul Dam Hydrologic and hydraulic modelling of the Greater Zab River-Basin for an effective management of water resources in the Kurdistan region of Iraq using DEM and Raster Images. Spatial Prediction of Rainfall Distribution in the Iraqi Governorate using the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Characterization and Classification of Soil Map Units using Remote Sensing and GIS in Bahar Al-Najaf, Iraq Proximal Soil Sensing Applications in Soil Fertility 16. Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Natural Resources in Erbil Area, Iraq using Geo-Information and Landsat Data 17. Agriculture Land Capability classification based on agro-spatial decision support system (microlies) 18. Relationships Among the Landsat-based Indices and Soil Conditions in Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 19. Monitoring the Sand and Dust Storms in Euphrates and Tigris Basins and Iraq using Remote Sensing 20. Conclusions and Recommendations
Biogeographic Patterns of South American Anurans
An Introduction to the Biogeography of South American Anurans.- South American Anurans: Species Diversity and Description Trends Through Time and Space.- Patterns of Species Richness, Range Size, and their Environmental Correlates of South American Anurans.- Spatial Distribution of Phylogenetic Diversity of South American Anurans.- Geographical Patterns of Functional Diversity of South American Anurans.- Biogeographic Regionalization of South American Anurans.- Spatial Conservation Prioritization for the Anuran Fauna of South America
Ocean Outbreak
Winner of the Sustainability Science Award 2020, Ecological Society of America Winner of the PROSE Award (Biological Sciences category) 2020, Association of American PublishersThere is a growing crisis in our oceans: mysterious outbreaks of infectious disease are on the rise. Marine epidemics can cause mass die-offs of wildlife from the bottom to the top of food chains, impacting the health of ocean ecosystems as well as lives on land. Portending global environmental disaster, ocean outbreaks are fueled by warming seas, sewage dumping, unregulated aquaculture, and drifting plastic.Ocean Outbreak follows renowned scientist Drew Harvell and her colleagues into the field as they investigate how four iconic marine animals--corals, abalone, salmon, and starfish--have been devastated by disease. Based on over twenty years of research, this firsthand account of the sometimes gradual, sometimes exploding impact of disease on our ocean's biodiversity ends with solutions and a call to action. Only through policy changes and the implementation of innovative solutions from nature can we reduce major outbreaks, save some ocean ecosystems, and protect our fragile environment.
Recycling Notebook
This unique Recycling Notebook is a great way to track the many ways that you protect our earth and the environment. Everyone needs to recycle, reuse and reduce to help do their part to save the earth with green living. Great for school, work, travel or home. Each inside page contains prompts for writing: DateHow Did I Help The Environment Today?What Can I Reuse?My Recycling List For TodayToday I Love Earth Because. . .How Did I Reduce My Waste Today? There is plenty of blank lined space you can write different ideas, lists and personal notes. Will make a wonderful gift for those special people in your life who want to make a difference in the world by doing their part, men, women, boys & girls alike. Be an example and raise awareness. Journals are an awesome way to keep your important information all in one place. Grab one today! Size is 6x9 inches, 102 page, soft matte finish cover, white paper, paperback.
Integration of Information Flow for Greening Supply Chain Management
This book provides a framework for integrating information management in supply chains. Current trends in business practice have made it necessary to explore the potential held by information integration with regard to environmental aspects. Information flow integration provides an opportunity to focus on the creation of a more "green" supply chain. However, it is currently difficult to identify the impact of information integration on greening a supply chain in a wide range of practical applications. Accordingly, this book focuses on the potential value of information integration solutions in terms of greening supply chain management. It covers the following major topics: Application of information flow standards in the supply chain Information systems and technological solutions for integrating information flows in supply chainsThe Internet of Things and the industry 4.0 concept, with regard to the integration ofsupply chains Modeling and simulation of logistics processesDecision-making tools enabling the greening of supply chains
Pandemos
Niente sar? come prima. Un virus di 400 nanometri ha sconvolto il mondo. Centinaia di migliaia di persone sono state colpite dal Covid-19. Molte sono morte. Gran parte dei paesi sviluppati sono stati fermati dal lockdown imposto dai rispettivi governi. La gente 癡 stata distanziata, chiusa in casa. Ha imparato cosa sia lo smart working. Torneremo mai alla normalit?? Poi, 癡 cos穫 tanto desiderabile tornare a quanto c'era prima, se esiste il forte sospetto che 癡 proprio nel modello di sviluppo che vanno ricercate le cause della pandemia?
Viruses: More Friends Than Foes (Revised Edition)
Reviews of the Previous Edition: "Her style is chatty, and just when you want to break into the conversation and ask a question, she's thrown in an aside about a spat at a scientific meeting or discussed how we should dispose of our tissues when we have a cold. If this sort of mental gymnastics on top of some heavyweight science doesn't put you off, you'll like her book and learn much from it."Times Higher Education "Mo禱lling uses her successful career in the discipline to structure much of the book and includes numerous interesting personal anecdotes to underscore her points. The writing style is conversational and will be accessible to non-scientists. "CHOICE connect Reviews of the German edition: "The author describes a real success story of viruses which is fascinating and unconventional. What is presented with respect to knowledge, personal evaluations, amusing anecdotes from everyday life in research, is impressive."Neue Zurcher Zeitung, Zurich "I find your book excellent, instructive, and yet very entertaining."Emeritus Professor Charles Weissmann The Scripps Research Institute, Florida "Very amusing are the descriptions of the author's personal experiences with contemporary famous scientists. Rich with facts, this book is very worth reading also for non-specialists who would get to know the abundance of non-pathogenic viruses."Biology in Our Time Coronavirus, AIDS, and Ebola: Viruses are normally defined as pathogens. Most viruses are, however, not enemies or killers. Well-known virologist and cancer researcher Karin Moelling describes surprising insights about a completely new and unexpected world of viruses. Viruses are ubiquitous, in the oceans, our environment, in animals, plants, bacteria, in our body, even in our genomes. They influence our weather, can contribute to control obesity, and can surprisingly be applied against threatening multi-resistant bacteria. The success story of the viruses started more than 3.5 billion years ago in the dawn of life when even cells did not exist. They are the superpower of life. There are more viruses on earth than stars in the sky. Viruses are everywhere. Some of them are incredibly ancient. Many viruses are hundredfold smaller than bacteria, but others are tenfold bigger and they were discovered only recently -- the giant viruses, even deep within the permafrost where they were reactivated after 30,000 years.The author talks about a completely new world of viruses, which are based on the most recent, in part her own research results. Could viruses have been our oldest ancestors? Have viruses even "invented" social behavior, do they lead to geniuses such as Mozart or Einstein -- or alternatively to cancer? They can help to cure cancer. In this book, the author made a clear distinction between what is fact and what is her vision. This book is written for a general audience and not just for the experts. Its aim is to stimulate thinking, and perhaps to attract more young scientists to enter this field of research.This revised edition is brought up to date by a new chapter on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
The Contagion Myth
For readers of Plague of Corruption, Thomas S. Cowan, MD, and Sally Fallon Morell ask the question: are there really such things as "viruses"? Or are electro smog, toxic living conditions, and 5G actually to blame for COVID-19? The official explanation for today's COVID-19 pandemic is a "dangerous, infectious virus." This is the rationale for isolating a large portion of the world's population in their homes so as to curb its spread. From face masks to social distancing, from antivirals to vaccines, these measures are predicated on the assumption that tiny viruses can cause serious illness and that such illness is transmissible person-to-person. It was Louis Pasteur who convinced a skeptical medical community that contagious germs cause disease; his "germ theory" now serves as the official explanation for most illness. However, in his private diaries he states unequivocally that in his entire career he was not once able to transfer disease with a pure culture of bacteria (he obviously wasn't able to purify viruses at that time). He admitted that the whole effort to prove contagion was a failure, leading to his famous death bed confession that "the germ is nothing, the terrain is everything." While the incidence and death statistics for COVID-19 may not be reliable, there is no question that many people have taken sick with a strange new disease--with odd symptoms like gasping for air and "fizzing" feelings--and hundreds of thousands have died. Many suspect that the cause is not viral but a kind of pollution unique to the modern age--electromagnetic pollution. Today we are surrounded by a jangle of overlapping and jarring frequencies--from power lines to the fridge to the cell phone. It started with the telegraph and progressed to worldwide electricity, then radar, then satellites that disrupt the ionosphere, then ubiquitous Wi-Fi. The most recent addition to this disturbing racket is fifth generation wireless--5G. In The Contagion Myth: Why Viruses (including Coronavirus) are Not the Cause of Disease, bestselling authors Thomas S. Cowan, MD, and Sally Fallon Morell tackle the true causes of COVID-19. On September 26, 2019, 5G wireless was turned on in Wuhan, China (and officially launched November 1) with a grid of about ten thousand antennas--more antennas than exist in the whole United States, all concentrated in one city. A spike in cases occurred on February 13, the same week that Wuhan turned on its 5G network for monitoring traffic. Illness has subsequently followed 5G installation in all the major cities in America. Since the dawn of the human race, medicine men and physicians have wondered about the cause of disease, especially what we call "contagions," numerous people ill with similar symptoms, all at the same time. Does humankind suffer these outbreaks at the hands of an angry god or evil spirit? A disturbance in the atmosphere, a miasma? Do we catch the illness from others or from some outside influence? As the restriction of our freedoms continues, more and more people are wondering whether this is true. Could a packet of RNA fragments, which cannot even be defined as a living organism, cause such havoc? Perhaps something else is involved--something that has upset the balance of nature and made us more susceptible to disease? Perhaps there is no "coronavirus" at all; perhaps, as Pasteur said, "the germ is nothing, the terrain is everything."
Environmental Science in a Changing World
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary subject which encompasses biological, physical and information sciences such as, ecology, chemistry, zoology, oceanography, soil science and many others. It also includes atmospheric science. It uses all these scientific fields to study the environment and find solutions to environment related problems. Environmental science provides a quantitative and integrated approach to the study of environmental systems. Environmental science aims to understand the earth processes, mitigation of pollution, alternative energy systems and also the effects of global climate change. It examines the environmental problems and finds the appropriate solutions. The four primary components of this discipline include ecology, geoscience, atmospheric sciences and environmental chemistry. All these components can be further classified into focused branches to facilitate the understanding of our environment. This book traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.
Landscape Ecology: Theory and Practice
Landscape ecology is an interdisciplinary field in systems science. The relationships between ecological processes in the environment and ecosystems are studied and improved in landscape ecology. The human impact on landscape structures and functions is investigated in this field. An important principle of landscape ecology is the landscape stability principle, which stresses on the importance of integrity of landscape components in exhibiting resilience to disturbances, promoting total system stability and recovering from disturbances. Some of the vital research areas in this field are land use and land cover change, relating landscape pattern analysis with ecological processes, ecological flows in landscape mosaics, scaling, and landscape conservation and sustainability. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theories and practices of landscape ecology. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in this field of study. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about landscape ecology.
Ecology: Evolution, Biodiversity and Conservation
The field of study that focuses on the interactions among organisms and their environment is called ecology. It is a branch of biology that overlaps with the disciplines of genetics, ethology and evolutionary biology. The applications of ecology are prevalent in the fields of conservation biology, city planning, wetland management, community health, natural resource management and human social interaction. The understanding of evolution, biodiversity and the need for conservation is vital for a complete understanding of ecology. Adaptation, natural selection, inheritance, populations and life history are some of the concepts intrinsic to both evolutionary biology and ecology. Biodiversity is the variety of life and life's processes. It encompasses the genetic differences among living organisms, the ecosystems and communities they inhabit and the evolutionary and ecological processes required for their subsistence. The conservation and management of biodiversity requires innovative approaches to address the ecological scope of biodiversity. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of ecology. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and insights in evolution, biodiversity and conservation. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.
Ecology: Concepts and Applications
Ecology is a biological branch that is concerned with the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. It primarily focuses on the biotic and abiotic components of the organisms' environment. Ecology studies the distribution, biodiversity, biomass and populations of organisms. It also focuses on the competition and cooperation among species. Concepts from this field are often applied in areas such as wetland management, conservation biology, city planning, community health, applied science, human social interaction, etc. It is also applied in natural resource management such as forestry, agroforestry and agriculture. Ecology works to explain the movement of energy and materials via living communities, life processes, adaptations and interactions, the successional development of ecosystems, and the distribution of organism's biodiversity in the environment. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of ecology. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented herein. The textbook is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.
Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance
This book is a timely and up-to-date compilation of the main pieces of the global environmental governance puzzle. Innovative thinking and high-profile expertise come together to create a volume that is accessible to students, scholars and practitioners alike.
